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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I_and_Russian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World War I and Russian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I_and_Russian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Soviet period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative and municipal status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population,_dynamics,_age_and_sex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population,_dynamics,_age_and_sex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Population, dynamics, age and sex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population,_dynamics,_age_and_sex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ethnic composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seaport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seaport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Seaport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seaport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Urban transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Galleries_and_showrooms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleries_and_showrooms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Galleries and showrooms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleries_and_showrooms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music,_opera,_and_ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music,_opera,_and_ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Music, opera, and ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music,_opera,_and_ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movie_theaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movie_theaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Movie theaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movie_theaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Theaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_squares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_squares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Parks and squares</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Parks_and_squares-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Detsky Razvlekatelny Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detsky_Razvlekatelny_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admiralsky_Skver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admiralsky_Skver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Admiralsky Skver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admiralsky_Skver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vladivostok</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 134 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%B2%E1%89%AE%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%AD" title="ቭላዲቮስቶክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቭላዲቮስቶክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83" title="فلاديفوستوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلاديفوستوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولادی‌وستوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولادی‌وستوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="ভ্লাদিভোস্টক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভ্লাদিভোস্টক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Уладзівасток – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уладзівасток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Уладзівасток – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уладзівасток" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Rusya)" title="Vladivostok (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vladivostok (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BA" title="Βλαδιβοστόκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βλαδιβοστόκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Владивосток ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Владивосток ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostoko" title="Vladivostoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vladivostoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولادی‌وستوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولادی‌وستوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC" title="블라디보스토크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="블라디보스토크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF" title="Վլադիվոստոկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վլադիվոստոկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="व्लादिवोस्तोक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्लादिवोस्तोक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADvostok" title="Vladívostok – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vladívostok" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ולדיווסטוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ולדיווסטוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ವ್ಲಾಡಿವಾಸ್ಟಾಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವ್ಲಾಡಿವಾಸ್ಟಾಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ვლადივოსტოკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვლადივოსტოკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ວລາດິໂວສະຕັອກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວລາດິໂວສະຕັອກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostokium" title="Vladivostokium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vladivostokium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostoka" title="Vladivostoka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vladivostoka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostokas" title="Vladivostokas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vladivostokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlagyivosztok" title="Vlagyivosztok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vlagyivosztok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="വ്ലാഡിവോസ്റ്റോക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വ്ലാഡിവോസ്റ്റോക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95" title="व्लादिवोस्तॉक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्लादिवोस्तॉक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ვლადივოსტოკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვლადივოსტოკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%DA%A4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83" title="ڤلاديڤوستوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤلاديڤوستوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A4%DA%A9" title="ولادی‌وؤستؤک – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ولادی‌وؤستؤک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF" title="ウラジオストク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウラジオストク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95" title="ਵਲਾਦੀਵੋਸਤੋਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਲਾਦੀਵੋਸਤੋਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولاڈیووسٹوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولاڈیووسٹوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولاديوستوک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولاديوستوک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladiwostok" title="Wladiwostok – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adywostok" title="Władywostok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władywostok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostoque" title="Vladivostoque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vladivostoque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱵᱷᱞᱟᱫᱤᱵᱷᱚᱥᱛᱳᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱞᱟᱫᱤᱵᱷᱚᱥᱛᱳᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Владивъстокъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Владивъстокъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adywostok" title="Władywostok – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Władywostok" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%A9" title="ڤلادیڤۆستۆک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤلادیڤۆستۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="விளாதிவசுத்தோக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விளாதிவசுத்தோக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84" title="วลาดีวอสตอค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วลาดีวอสตอค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Владивосток – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Владивосток" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولادیوستوک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولادیوستوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostoc" title="Vladivostoc – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vladivostoc" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%83%E5%B4%B4" title="海參崴 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="海參崴" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%82%E5%B4%B4" title="海参崴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="海参崴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A7" title="וולאדיוואסטאק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וולאדיוואסטאק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%83%E5%B4%B4" title="海參崴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海參崴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%83%E5%B4%B4" title="海參崴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海參崴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weladiwostok" title="Weladiwostok – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Weladiwostok" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Vladivostok" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q959#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vladivostok&params=43_6_54_N_131_53_7_E_type:city_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°6′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">131°53′7″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.11500°N 131.88528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.11500; 131.88528</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city and administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Primorsky Krai, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Vladivostok</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Владивосток</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref130_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref130-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zolotoy_Bridge_(October_2024)-0_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Zolotoy_Bridge_%28October_2024%29-0_19.jpg/263px-Zolotoy_Bridge_%28October_2024%29-0_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Zolotoy_Bridge_%28October_2024%29-0_19.jpg/395px-Zolotoy_Bridge_%28October_2024%29-0_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Zolotoy_Bridge_%28October_2024%29-0_19.jpg/526px-Zolotoy_Bridge_%28October_2024%29-0_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5651" data-file-height="2558" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Bridge" title="Zolotoy Bridge">Zolotoy Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horn_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Horn Bay">Golden Horn Bay</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Russky_Bridge" title="Russky Bridge">Russky Bridge</a> in the distance</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg/130px-Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg/195px-Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg/260px-Vladivostok._GUM_Department_Store_P8070703_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div><div>GUM Department Store</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg/129px-Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg/194px-Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg/258px-Vladivostok_September_Night._2022._Slava_Ivanov_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6526" data-file-height="4353" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Arseniev_Museum_of_Far_East_History" title="Vladimir K. Arseniev Museum of Far East History">Arseniev Museum of Far East History</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Far_Eastern_Federal_University_(October_2024)-0_8_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Far_Eastern_Federal_University_%28October_2024%29-0_8_%28cropped%29.jpg/129px-Far_Eastern_Federal_University_%28October_2024%29-0_8_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Far_Eastern_Federal_University_%28October_2024%29-0_8_%28cropped%29.jpg/194px-Far_Eastern_Federal_University_%28October_2024%29-0_8_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Far_Eastern_Federal_University_%28October_2024%29-0_8_%28cropped%29.jpg/258px-Far_Eastern_Federal_University_%28October_2024%29-0_8_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="2049" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_University" title="Far Eastern Federal University">Far Eastern Federal University</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_railway_station_(October_2024)-0_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vladivostok_railway_station_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg/130px-Vladivostok_railway_station_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vladivostok_railway_station_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg/195px-Vladivostok_railway_station_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Vladivostok_railway_station_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg/260px-Vladivostok_railway_station_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7817" data-file-height="4741" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_railway_station" title="Vladivostok railway station">Vladivostok Railway Station</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Views_of_Vladivostok_(October_2024)-0_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Views_of_Vladivostok_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg/263px-Views_of_Vladivostok_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Views_of_Vladivostok_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg/395px-Views_of_Vladivostok_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Views_of_Vladivostok_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg/526px-Views_of_Vladivostok_%28October_2024%29-0_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5960" data-file-height="2913" /></a></span></div><div>View of Vladivostok from the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Vladivostok"><img alt="Flag of Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg/125px-Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg/188px-Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg/250px-Flag_of_Vladivostok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vladivostok"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Vladivostok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Vladivostok</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_b9b2bf42aa317a9185bb455a07164d362fc947fb"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Vladivostok&revid=1274673501&groups=_b9b2bf42aa317a9185bb455a07164d362fc947fb" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Vladivostok&revid=1274673501&groups=_b9b2bf42aa317a9185bb455a07164d362fc947fb 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vladivostok is located in Primorsky Krai"><img alt="Vladivostok is located in Primorsky Krai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_Primorsky_Krai_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.071%;left:18.853%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vladivostok"><img alt="Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Vladivostok</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Vladivostok</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Primorsky Krai</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vladivostok is located in Russia"><img alt="Vladivostok is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.028%;left:80.579%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vladivostok"><img alt="Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Vladivostok</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Vladivostok (Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vladivostok is located in Asia"><img alt="Vladivostok is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.103%;left:73.785%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vladivostok"><img alt="Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Vladivostok</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Vladivostok (Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vladivostok&params=43_6_54_N_131_53_7_E_type:city_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°6′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">131°53′7″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.11500°N 131.88528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.11500; 131.88528</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref130_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref130-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">July 2, 1860<sup id="cite_ref-gr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status since</th><td class="infobox-data">April 22, 1880</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok_City_Duma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladivostok City Duma (page does not exist)">City Duma</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head</th><td class="infobox-data">Konstantin Shestakov<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">331.16 km<sup>2</sup> (127.86 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-7f4579a6b7a9302adbe36a2e0d495a02760c8149-v18_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-7f4579a6b7a9302adbe36a2e0d495a02760c8149-v18-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 m (26 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">604,901</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Vladivostok <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">City Under Krai Jurisdiction</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref130_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref130-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction<sup id="cite_ref-Ref130_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref130-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref862_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref862-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref862_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref862-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+10">UTC+10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_Time" title="Vladivostok Time">MSK+7</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4341?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">690xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 423<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">05701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Day</th><td class="infobox-data">First Sunday of July</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlc.ru">www<wbr />.vlc<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vladivostok</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VLAD</span>-iv-<span style="font-size:90%">OST</span>-ok</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Владивосток</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[vlədʲɪvɐˈstok]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg\/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA.ogg" title="File:Владивосток.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is the largest city and the administrative center of <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a> and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a> of Russia. It is located around the <a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Rog" title="Zolotoy Rog">Golden Horn Bay</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a>, covering an area of 331.16 square kilometers (127.86 square miles), with a population of 603,519 residents as of 2021.<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladivostok is the second-largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>. It is located approximately 45 kilometers (28 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="China–Russia border">China–Russia border</a> and 134 kilometers (83 mi) from the <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="North Korea–Russia border">North Korea–Russia border</a>. </p><p>What is now Vladivostok was part of <a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a>. Shortly after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Aigun" title="Treaty of Aigun">Treaty of Aigun</a> between <a href="/wiki/Qing_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing China">Qing China</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and affirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Peking" title="Convention of Peking">Convention of Peking</a> – from which it is also known as the <a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur Annexation</a> – the city was founded as a Russian military outpost on July 2, 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-sj_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sj-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1872, the main Russian naval base on the Pacific Ocean was transferred to the city, stimulating its growth. In 1914 the city experienced rapid growth economically and ethnically diverse with population exceeding over 100,000 inhabitants with slightly less than half of the population being Russians.<sup id="cite_ref-history2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time, large <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a> communities developed in the city. The public life of the city flourished; many public associations were created, from charities to hobby groups.<sup id="cite_ref-history3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> in 1917, Vladivostok was <a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">occupied in 1918</a> by <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied forces</a>, the last of whom, from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a>, were not withdrawn until 1922 as part of its wider <a href="/wiki/Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">intervention in Siberia</a>; by that time the antirevolutionary <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> forces had collapsed. That same year, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> occupied the city, absorbing the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Republic" title="Far Eastern Republic">Far Eastern Republic</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, the city became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. </p><p>Today<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, Vladivostok remains the largest Russian port on the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, and the chief cultural, economic, scientific, and tourism hub of the Russian Far East. As the terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a>, the city was visited by over three million tourists in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Visitors2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visitors2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District, and is the home to the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fleet_(Russia)" title="Pacific Fleet (Russia)">Pacific Fleet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>. Due to its geographical position in Asia combined with its <a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russian architecture</a>, the city has been referred to as "Europe in the Far East".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Russia#Consulates_in_remainder_of_Russia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Russia">foreign consulates</a> and businesses have offices in Vladivostok, and the city hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Economic_Forum" title="Eastern Economic Forum">Eastern Economic Forum</a>. With a yearly mean temperature of around 5 °C (41 °F), Vladivostok has a <a href="#Climate">cold climate</a> for its mid-latitude coastal setting. This is due to winds from the vast <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> landmass in winter and the cooling ocean temperatures. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_etymology"><span class="anchor" id="Names_and_etymology"></span>Names and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vladivostok_in_different_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Vladivostok in different languages">Names of Vladivostok in different languages</a></div> <p><i>Vladivostok</i> means 'Lord of the East' or 'Ruler of the East'. The name derives from Slavic <span title="Slavic languages collective text"><span lang="sla">владь</span></span> (<span title="Slavic languages collective text"><i lang="sla-Latn">vlad</i></span>, 'to rule'<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and Russian <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">восток</span></span> (<span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">vostok</i></span>, 'east'); Colloquial Russian speech may use the short form <i>Vladik</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Владик</span>) to refer to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (March 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city, along with other features in the <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great_Gulf" title="Peter the Great Gulf">Peter the Great Gulf</a> area, was first given its modern name in 1859 by <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Muravyov-Amursky" title="Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky">Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky</a>. The name initially applied to the bay, but following an expedition by <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Шефнер, Алексей Карлович">Alexey Karlovich Shefner</a> in 1860, it was later applied to the new settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form of the name appears analogous to that of the city of <a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a> ("Ruler of the Caucasus" or "Rule the Caucasus"), now in <a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a>, which was founded and named by the Russian Empire in 1784. </p><p>Chinese maps from the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368) referred to Vladivostok as <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yongmingcheng</i></span> (<span lang="zh-Hant">永明城</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yǒngmíngchéng</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Billé_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billé-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city has also been known as <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Haishenwai</i></span>/<i>Haishenwei</i>/<i>Hai-shen-wei</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%83%E5%B4%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:海參崴">海參崴</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hǎishēnwǎi, Hǎishēnwēi</span></i>; 'sea cucumber bay<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>') from Mandarin Chinese, ultimately from the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> <span title="Manchu-language text"><i lang="mnc-Latn">Haišenwai</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a>: <span title="Manchu-language text"><span lang="mnc" style="font-style: normal;">ᡥᠠᡳᡧᡝᠨᠸᡝᡳ</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Möllendorff</a>: <i>Haišenwei</i>, <a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Abkai</a>: <i>Haixenwai</i>) or <i>small seaside fishing village</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to <a href="/wiki/National_Chung_Cheng_University" title="National Chung Cheng University">National Chung Cheng University</a>'s research department for Manchu studies, the Manchu name comes from Chinese, specifically <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, that was named for its historical abundance of sea cucumbers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China, Vladivostok is now officially known by the transliteration <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">符拉迪沃斯托克</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fúlādíwòsītuōkè</span></i>), although the historical Chinese name <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">海參崴</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hǎishēnwǎi</i></span>) is still used in common parlance and outside <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> to refer to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the provisions of the Chinese government, all maps published in China must bracket the city's Chinese name.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern-day Japanese name of the city is transliterated as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Urajiosutoku</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ウラジオストク</span></span>)</span>. Historically,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city's name was <a href="/wiki/Ateji" title="Ateji">transliterated with Kanji</a> as <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">浦鹽斯德</span></span></span> and shortened to <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">Urajio</i></span> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ウラジオ</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hant">浦鹽</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarangoa2014300_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarangoa2014300-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Vladivostok" title="History of Vladivostok">History of Vladivostok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vladivostok" title="Timeline of Vladivostok">Timeline of Vladivostok</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korvet_America.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Korvet_America.jpg/250px-Korvet_America.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Korvet_America.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Steamship-corvette <i>America</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horn_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Horn Bay">Golden Horn Bay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city was the site of a Chinese settlement around 600 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Vladivostok#Dubious" title="Talk:Vladivostok">discuss</a></i>]</sup> where it was known as Yongmingcheng (永明城 [<i>Yǒngmíngchéng</i>], "city of eternal light") during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Billé_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billé-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a long time, the Russian government looked for a stronghold in the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>; this role was played in turn by the settlements of <a href="/wiki/Okhotsk" title="Okhotsk">Okhotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayan,_Russia" title="Ayan, Russia">Ayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nikolaevsk-on-Amur" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolaevsk-on-Amur">Nikolaevsk-on-Amur</a>. By the middle of the 19th-century, the search for the outpost had reached a dead end. None of the ports met the necessary requirement: to have a convenient and protected harbor next to important trade routes.<sup id="cite_ref-Vladivostok_2010_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vladivostok_2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After China was threatened with war on a second front by Governor-General of the Far East <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Muravyov-Amursky" title="Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky">Nikolay Muraviev</a> when China was suppressing the <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sj_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sj-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Aigun_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigun Treaty">Aigun Treaty</a> was concluded by Muraviev's forces, after which Russian exploration of the Amur region began, and later, as a result of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tientsin" title="Treaty of Tientsin">Treaty of Tientsin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Peking" title="Convention of Peking">Convention of Peking</a>, the territory of modern Vladivostok was annexed to Russia. The name Vladivostok appeared in the middle of 1859, was used in newspaper articles and denoted a bay.<sup id="cite_ref-Vladivostok_2010_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vladivostok_2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 20 (or July 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>), 1860 the transport of the Siberian Military Flotilla "Mandzhur" under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Alexei Karlovich Shefner delivered a military unit to the Golden Horn Bay to establish a military post, which has now officially received the name of Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 31, 1861, the first civilian settler, a merchant, Yakov Lazarevich Semyonov, arrived in Vladivostok with his family. On March 15, 1862, the first act of his purchase of land was registered, and in 1870 Semyonov was elected the first head of the post, and a local self-government emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-Vladivostok_2010_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vladivostok_2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, a special commission decided to designate Vladivostok as the main port of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in the Far East.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1871, the main naval base of the Siberian Military Flotilla, the headquarters of the military governor and other naval departments were transferred from Nikolaevsk-on-Amur to Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA,_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_1880.jpg/250px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_1880.jpg/375px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_1880.jpg/500px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="1263" /></a><figcaption>General view of Vladivostok, 1880</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1870s, the government encouraged resettlement to the South Ussuri region, which contributed to an increase in the population of the post: according to the first census of 1878, there were 4,163 inhabitants. The city status was adopted and the city Duma was established, the post of the city head, the coat of arms was adopted, although Vladivostok was not officially recognized as a city.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the constant threat of attack from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, Vladivostok also actively developed as a naval base. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladavostak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vladavostak.jpg/220px-Vladavostak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vladavostak.jpg/330px-Vladavostak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Vladavostak.jpg/440px-Vladavostak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Intersection of <a href="/wiki/Svetlanskaya_Street" title="Svetlanskaya Street">Svetlanskaya</a> and Aleutskaya streets in the 1910s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1880, the post officially received the status of a city. The 1890s saw a demographic and economic boom associated with the completion of the construction of the Ussuriyskaya branch of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese-Eastern_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese-Eastern Railway">Chinese-Eastern Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the first census of the population of Russia on February 9, 1897, roughly 29,000 inhabitants lived in Vladivostok, and 10 years later the city's population had tripled.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Korean <a href="/wiki/Haenyeo" title="Haenyeo">haenyeo</a> divers from <a href="/wiki/Jeju_Island" title="Jeju Island">Jeju Island</a> and vicinities were active in Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first decade of the 20th-century was characterized by a protracted crisis caused by the political situation: the government's attention was shifted to <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshunkou</a> and the Port of <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> (Talien). As well as the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer uprising</a> in North China in 1900–1901, the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> of 1904–1905, and finally the first Russian revolution led to stagnation in the economic activity of Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-history2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1907, a new stage in the development of the city began: the losses of Lüshunkou and Dalian (Talien) again made Vladivostok the main port of Russia on the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. A free port regime was introduced, and until 1914 the city experienced rapid growth, becoming an important economic hub in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a>, as well as an ethnically diverse city with a population exceeding over 100,000 inhabitants: during the time ethnic Russians made up less than half of the population,<sup id="cite_ref-history2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and large <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a> communities developed in the city. The public life of the city flourished; many public associations were created, from charities to hobby groups.<sup id="cite_ref-history3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I_and_Russian_Civil_War">World War I and Russian Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I and Russian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Republic" title="Far Eastern Republic">Far Eastern Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Priamurye_Government" title="Provisional Priamurye Government">Provisional Priamurye Government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Vladivostok,_1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Map_of_Vladivostok%2C_1911.jpg/220px-Map_of_Vladivostok%2C_1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Map_of_Vladivostok%2C_1911.jpg/330px-Map_of_Vladivostok%2C_1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Map_of_Vladivostok%2C_1911.jpg/440px-Map_of_Vladivostok%2C_1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5864" data-file-height="4810" /></a><figcaption>Map of Vladivostok, 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, no active hostilities took place in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-history4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Vladivostok was an important staging post for the import of military-technical equipment for troops from allied and neutral countries, as well as raw materials and equipment for industry.<sup id="cite_ref-history5_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history5-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in 1917, during which the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> came to power, the <a href="/wiki/Decree_on_Peace" title="Decree on Peace">Decree on Peace</a> was announced, and as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> concluded between the Bolshevik government of Russia and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, led to the end of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a>'s participation in World War I. On October 30, the sailors of the Siberian Military Flotilla decided to "rally around the united power of the Soviets", and the power of Vladivostok, as well as all of the Trans-Siberian Railway passed to the Bolsheviks.<sup id="cite_ref-history4_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, from May 1918,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they lost control of the city to the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a>-allied <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Legion" title="Czechoslovak Legion">Czechoslovak Legion</a>, who declared the city to be an Allied protectorate. Vladivostok became the staging point for the Allies' <a href="/wiki/Siberian_intervention" title="Siberian intervention">Siberian intervention</a>, a multi-national force including Japan, the United States and China; China sent forces to protect the local Chinese community after appeals from Chinese merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intervention ended in the wake of the collapse of the White Army and regime in 1919; all Allied forces except the Japanese withdrew by the end of 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-history4_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock,_August_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock%2C_August_1918.jpg/250px-5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock%2C_August_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock%2C_August_1918.jpg/375px-5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock%2C_August_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock%2C_August_1918.jpg/500px-5_U.S._Wolfhounds_on_parade_in_Vladavostock%2C_August_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>American troops marching on Vladivostok following the <a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout 1919 the region was engulfed in a partisan war.<sup id="cite_ref-history4_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To avoid a war with Japan, with the filing of the Soviet leadership, the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Republic" title="Far Eastern Republic">Far Eastern Republic</a>, a Soviet-backed buffer state between Soviet Russia and Japan, was proclaimed on April 6, 1920. The Soviet government officially recognized the new republic in May, but in Primorye a riot occurred, where significant forces of the <a href="/wiki/White_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="White Movement">White Movement</a> were located, leading to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Priamurye_Government" title="Provisional Priamurye Government">Provisional Priamurye Government</a>, with Vladivostok as its capital.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1922, the troops of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> of the Far Eastern Republic under the command of <a href="/wiki/Ieronim_Uborevich" title="Ieronim Uborevich">Ieronim Uborevich</a> occupied Vladivostok, displacing the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> formations from it. In November, the Far Eastern Republic liquidated and became a part of Soviet Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-history1_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_period">Soviet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soviet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg/220px-VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg/330px-VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg/440px-VladivostokGoldenHorn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Vladivostok and the Golden Horn Bay in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time of the establishment of Soviet power, Vladivostok was clearly in decline. The retreating forces of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> (IJA) removed items of material value from the city. Life was paralyzed; there was no money in the banks, and the equipment of enterprise was plundered. Due to mass migration and repression, the city's population decreased to 106,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-history50_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history50-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1923 and 1925, the government adopted a "three-year restoration" plan, during which operations at the commercial port were resumed, and it became the most profitable in the country (from 1924 to 1925).<sup id="cite_ref-history50_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history50-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history6_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "restoration" period was distinguished by a number of peculiarities: the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a> did not adopt '<a href="/wiki/War_communism" title="War communism">war communism</a>', but was, immediately, inducted to the <a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Policy" title="New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-history6_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1925, the government decided to accelerate the industrialization of the country. A number of subsequent "five-year plans" changed the face of Primorye, making it an industrial region, partly as a result of the creation of numerous concentration camps in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-history6_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1930s and 1940s, Vladivostok served as a transit point on the route used to deliver prisoners and cargo for the <a href="/wiki/Sevvostlag" title="Sevvostlag">Sevvostlag</a> of the Soviet super-trust <a href="/wiki/Dalstroy" title="Dalstroy">Dalstroy</a>. The notorious Vladivostok transit camp was located in the city. In addition, in the late 1930s and early 1940s, the Vladivostok forced labour camp (Vladlag) was located in the area of the Vtoraya Rechka railway station.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vladivostok was not a place of hostilities during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Patriotic_War_(term)" title="Great Patriotic War (term)">Great Patriotic War</a>, although there was a constant threat of attack from Japan. In the city, a "Defense Fund" was created (the first in the country), to which the residents of Vladivostok contributed personal wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-history7_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history7-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war years Vladivostok handled imported cargo (<a href="/wiki/Lend-lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Lend-lease">lend-lease</a>) of a volume almost four times more than <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> and almost five times more than <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C_1982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Vladivostok in 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>By the decree of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union">Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union</a> "Issues of the Fifth Navy" dated August 11, 1951, a special regime was introduced in Vladivostok (it began to operate on January 1, 1952); the city was closed to foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-regim_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regim-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was planned to remove from Vladivostok not only foreign consulates, but also the merchant and fish fleet and transfer all regional authorities to Voroshilov (now <a href="/wiki/Ussuriysk" title="Ussuriysk">Ussuriysk</a>). However, these plans were not implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-regim_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regim-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the years of the <a href="/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a>, Vladivostok received special attention from state authorities. In 1954, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> visited the city for the first time to finally decide whether to secure the status of a closed naval base for him.<sup id="cite_ref-history8_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history8-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was noted that at that time the urban infrastructure was in a deplorable state.<sup id="cite_ref-history8_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history8-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, Khrushchev visited the city again. The result was a decision on the accelerated development of the city, which was formalized by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union on January 18, 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-history8_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history8-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s, a new tram line was built, a trolleybus was launched, the city became a huge construction site: residential neighborhoods were being erected on the outskirts, and new buildings for public and civil purposes were erected in the center.<sup id="cite_ref-history8_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history8-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> paid an official visit to Vladivostok, to meet with <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>, becoming the first President of the United States to visit the city.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 20, 1991, <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> signed decree No. 123 "On the opening of Vladivostok for visiting by foreign citizens", which entered into force on January 1, 1992, ending Vladivostok's status as a closed city.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, Vladivostok hosted the <a href="/wiki/APEC_Russia_2012" title="APEC Russia 2012">24th APEC summit</a>. Leaders from the <a href="/wiki/APEC" class="mw-redirect" title="APEC">APEC</a> member countries met at <a href="/wiki/Russky_Island" title="Russky Island">Russky Island</a>, off the coast of Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt2009_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt2009-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the summit on Russky Island, the government and private businesses inaugurated <a href="/wiki/Resort" title="Resort">resorts</a>, dinner and entertainment facilities, in addition to the renovation and upgrading of <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_International_Airport" title="Vladivostok International Airport">Vladivostok International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vladnews310107_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vladnews310107-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two giant <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridges</a> were built in preparation for the summit, the <a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Rog_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Zolotoy Rog bridge">Zolotoy Rog bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Rog" title="Zolotoy Rog">Zolotoy Rog</a> Bay in the center of the city, and the <a href="/wiki/Russky_Island_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Russky Island Bridge">Russky Island Bridge</a> from the mainland to Russky Island (the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world). The new campus of <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_University" title="Far Eastern Federal University">Far Eastern Federal University</a> was completed on Russky Island in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2018, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a>, established in May 2000, was moved from <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a> to Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg/220px-Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg/330px-Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg/440px-Vladivostok_icestorm_aftermath_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="2389" /></a><figcaption>Freezing rain aftermath. Photo of November, 21.</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 2020, the city and region had experienced a rare weather phenomenon in the face of <a href="/wiki/Freezing_rain" title="Freezing rain">freezing rain</a> caused by collision of warm and cold air masses. The result was wires and trees encrusted in ice up to 1.2 cm thick. More than 1,500 homes were left without electricity, 900 without heating, 870 without heat water, 500 without cold water. Between 60% and 70% of Vladivostok's forests were damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-2010-06-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Vladivostok City department of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Emergency_Situations" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations">Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The structure of the city administration has the City Council at the top. </p><p>The responsibilities of the administration of Vladivostok are: </p> <ul><li>Exercise of the powers to address local issues of Vladivostok in accordance with federal laws, normative legal acts of the Duma of Vladivostok, decrees and orders of the head of the city of Vladivostok;</li> <li>The development and organization of the concepts, plans and programs for the development of the city, approved by the Duma of Vladivostok;</li> <li>Development of the draft budget of the city;</li> <li>Ensuring implementation of the budget;</li> <li>The use of territory and infrastructure of the city;</li> <li>Possession, use and disposal of municipal property in the manner specified by decision of the Duma of Vladivostok</li></ul> <p>Legislative authority is vested in the City Council. The new City Council began operations in 2001 and in June that year, deputies of the Duma of the first convocation of Vladivostok began their work. On December 17, 2007, the Duma of the third convocation began. The deputies consist of 35 elected members, including 18 members chosen by a single constituency, and 17 deputies from single-seat constituencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vladivostok is the administrative center of the <a href="/wiki/Krai" title="Krai">krai</a>. Within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it is, together with five <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">rural localities</a>, incorporated as Vladivostok <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">City Under Krai Jurisdiction</a>; an administrative unit equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Primorsky_Krai" title="Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai">districts</a> in status.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref130_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref130-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, Vladivostok City Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated as Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref862_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref862-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok-regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vladivostok-regions.svg/233px-Vladivostok-regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="233" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vladivostok-regions.svg/350px-Vladivostok-regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vladivostok-regions.svg/466px-Vladivostok-regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Administrative divisions of the city of Vladivostok</figcaption></figure> <p>Vladivostok is divided into five administrative districts: </p> <ul><li>Leninsky</li> <li>Pervomaisky</li> <li>Pervorechensky</li> <li>Sovietsky</li> <li>Frunzensky</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg/220px-Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg/330px-Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg/440px-Vladivostok_Townhall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Vladivostok City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>The city charter approved the following structure of local government bodies:<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>City Duma is a representative body</li> <li>The head of the city is its highest official</li> <li>Administration is the executive and administrative body</li> <li>Chamber of Control and Accounts – controls the body</li></ul> <p>Vladivostok City Duma's history dates from November 21, 1875, when 30 "vowels" were elected. Great changes took place after the 1917 Revolution, when the first general elections were held and women were allowed to vote. The last meeting of the Vladivostok City Duma took place on October 19, 1922, and on October 27 it was officially abolished. In Soviet times, its functions were performed by the City Council. In 1993, by a presidential decree, the Soviets were dissolved and, until 2001, all attempts to elect a new Duma were unsuccessful. The Duma of the city of Vladivostok of the fifth (current) convocation began work in the fall of 2017, consisting of 35 deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The head of Vladivostok, on the principles of one-man management, manages the city's administration, which he forms in accordance with federal laws, laws of the Primorsky Territory and the city charter. The city's administrative structure is approved by the City Duma on the proposal of the head, and may include sectoral (functional) and territorial bodies of the administration of Vladivostok.<sup id="cite_ref-ustav_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ustav-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Igor Pushkaryov was the city's mayor from May 2008 to June 2016; previously he was a Federation Council member of Primorsky Krai. On June 27, 2016, Konstantin Loboda, the first deputy mayor, was appointed as the Vladivostok's new acting mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 21, 2017, Vitaly Vasilyevich Verkeenko was appointed the head of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population,_dynamics,_age_and_sex"><span id="Population.2C_dynamics.2C_age_and_sex"></span>Population, dynamics, age and sex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Population, dynamics, age and sex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,933</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,980</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+273.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">206,432</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+91.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">290,608</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+40.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">440,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+51.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">549,789</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">633,838</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">594,701</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">592,034</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">603,519</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_(24056935489).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_%2824056935489%29.jpg/220px-125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_%2824056935489%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_%2824056935489%29.jpg/330px-125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_%2824056935489%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_%2824056935489%29.jpg/440px-125_-_Wladiwostok_2015_%2824056935489%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7183" data-file-height="2954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> walking by the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> in Vladivostok</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2021)">Russian Census of 2021</a>, Vladivostok had a population of 603,519, with 634,835 residents in the greater urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the city's founding its population has actively grown, save for the periods of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> and the demographic crisis after <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s. In the 1970s, the population exceeded over 500,000, and in 1992 reached a historical high of over 648,000. The average population density is about 1,832 people/km<sup>2</sup>. </p><p>The population has risen by 30,000. Since 2013, natural growth dynamics added 727 individuals to this figure by 2015's end.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2020, Vladivostok's population reached over 600,000, as reported by the Russian Federal Statistics Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's age distribution includes a large segment of older adults. Overall, the population includes 12.7% who are younger than able-bodied; 66.3% who are able-bodied; and 21% who are older than able-bodied.<sup id="cite_ref-demographics1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladivostok's population, like that of Russia as a whole, includes a significantly greater number of women than men.<sup id="cite_ref-demographics1_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_composition">Ethnic composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ethnic composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg/250px-Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg/375px-Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg/500px-Vldv_millionka_1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2245" data-file-height="1730" /></a><figcaption>Millionka in the 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>The demographic makeup of the city went through significant changes since its foundation, and was marked by several waves of immigration from both Europe and Asia. From the late 1890s to the early 1920s, half of the city's population was Asian, with the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> being the largest Asian group, followed by <a href="/wiki/Koryo-Saram" class="mw-redirect" title="Koryo-Saram">Koreans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old Chinese quarter of the city was called <a href="/wiki/Millionka" title="Millionka">Millionka</a> and in its peak accommodated up to 50,000 Chinese residents.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neighbourhood had its own small shops, theatres, opium dens, brothels, and hideouts for smugglers and thieves. The city's economy was heavily dependent on the services provided by the Chinese merchants and businessmen in the neighbourhood.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, the retail services of the city were controlled by the Chinese, as they had more retail shops than Russians did.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There also existed an ethnic enclave of Koreans called <a href="/wiki/Sinhanch%27on" title="Sinhanch'on">Sinhanch'on</a>. Koreans moved to the area in significant quantities following the <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">annexation of Korea</a> by Japan in 1910. By 1915, the Korean population in the city stood at around 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sinhanch'on became a hub of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a> and hosted the first Korean provisional government, the <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EA%B4%91%EB%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" class="extiw" title="ko:대한광복군 정부">Korean Independence Army Government</a>. On the orders of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, both Millionka and Sinhanch'on were liquidated, and their residents deported between 1936 and 1938. Today, the city is much more homogeneous, with more than 90 percent declaring Russian ethnicity. However, there still exists a minority of Koreans and Chinese in Vladivostok, accounting for roughly 1 percent of the population, as well as more recent immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>. Historical <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a>, and Central Asian diasporas at the start of the 21st century have been little studied.<sup id="cite_ref-Novaya_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novaya-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnicity </th> <th>Population (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>475,170</td> <td>92.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>10,474</td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> </td> <td>7,109</td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> </td> <td>4,192</td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>2,446</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>14,850</td> <td>2.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the Russian census of 2010, Vladivostok's residents include representatives of over seventy nationalities and ethnic groups. Among them, the largest ethnic groups (over 1,000 people) are: ethnic Russians (475,200); <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> (10,474); <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> (7,109); Koreans (4,192); <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a> (2,446); <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> (2,446); <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> (1,642); <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> (1,635); and <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> (1,252).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's main industries are <a href="/wiki/Shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipping">shipping</a>, commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a>. Fishing accounts for almost four-fifths of Vladivostok's commercial production. Other food production totals 11%. </p><p>A very important employer and a major source of revenue for the city's inhabitants is the import of Japanese cars.<sup id="cite_ref-rad_stats_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rad_stats-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides salesmen, the industry employs repairmen, fitters, import clerks as well as shipping and railway companies.<sup id="cite_ref-rp_oliphant_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rp_oliphant-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vladivostok dealers sell 250,000 cars a year, with 200,000 going to other parts of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-rp_oliphant_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rp_oliphant-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every third worker in the <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a> has some relation to the automobile import business. In recent years, the Russian government has made attempts to improve the country's <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">own car industry</a>. This has included raising tariffs for imported cars, which has put the car import business in Vladivostok in difficulties. To compensate, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> ordered the car manufacturing company <a href="/wiki/Sollers_JSC" title="Sollers JSC">Sollers</a> to move one of its factories from Moscow to Vladivostok. The move was completed in 2009, and the factory now employs about 700 locals. It is planned to produce 13,200 cars in Vladivostok in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-rad_stats_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rad_stats-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seaport">Seaport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Seaport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Free_port_of_Vladivostok" title="Free port of Vladivostok">Free port of Vladivostok</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg/220px-Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg/330px-Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg/440px-Egersheld_peninsula_and_Vladivostok_container_terminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Free_port_of_Vladivostok" title="Free port of Vladivostok">Port of Vladivostok</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vladivostok is a link between the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a> and the Pacific Sea routes, making it an important cargo and passenger port. It processes both <a href="/wiki/Cabotage" title="Cabotage">cabotage</a> and export-import general cargo of a wide range. 20 stevedoring companies operate in the port.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cargo turnover of the Vladivostok port, including the total turnover of all stevedoring companies, at the end of 2018 amounted to 21.2 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the total volume of external trade seaport amounted to more than 11.8 billion dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-CyberLeninka1_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CyberLeninka1-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign economic activity was carried out with 104 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-CyberLeninka1_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CyberLeninka1-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A sanatorium on the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Ussuri_Bay" title="Ussuri Bay">Ussuri Bay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vladivostok is located in the extreme southeast of the Russian Far East, and is the closest city to the countries of the Asia-Pacific with an exotic European culture, which makes it attractive to tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is included in the project for the development of the Far East tourism "Eastern Ring". Within the framework of the project, the Primorsky Stage of the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariinsky Theater">Mariinsky Theater</a> was opened, and there are plans to open branches of the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Museum" title="Russian Museum">Russian Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tretyakov_Gallery" title="Tretyakov Gallery">Tretyakov Gallery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_Museum_of_Oriental_Art" title="State Museum of Oriental Art">State Museum of Oriental Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladivostok entered the top ten Russian cities for recreation and tourism according to Forbes, and also took the fourteenth place in the National Tourism Rating.<sup id="cite_ref-Tourism2_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourism2-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to being a cultural hub, the city also is a tourism hub in the <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great_Gulf" title="Peter the Great Gulf">Peter the Great Gulf</a>. The city's resort area is located on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Amur_Bay" title="Amur Bay">Amur Bay</a>, which includes over 11 sanatoriums.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladivostok also has a bustling gambling zone,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has over 11 casinos planned to open by 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tigre de Cristal, the city's first casino, was visited by over 80,000 tourists, in less than a year of its opening.<sup id="cite_ref-ino1_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ino1-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the city was visited by around 3,000,000 tourists, including 640,000 foreigners, of which over 90% are tourists from Asia, specifically China, South Korea and Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Visitors2017_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visitors2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic tourism is based on business tourism (business trips to exhibitions, conferences), which accounts for up to 70% of the inbound flow. In Vladivostok, diplomatic tourism is also developed, as there are 18 foreign consulates in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-rbc_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbc-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 46 hotels in the city, with a total fund of 2561 rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-rbc_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbc-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of the travel companies of Primorsky Krai (86%) are concentrated in Vladivostok, and their number was around 233 companies in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Tourism1_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourism1-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82,_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg/170px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg/255px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg/340px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%2C_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3099" data-file-height="4648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Bridge" title="Zolotoy Bridge">Zolotoy Bridge</a> across bay in the city</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russki_Island_Bridge,_Russia1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Russki_Island_Bridge%2C_Russia1.jpg/220px-Russki_Island_Bridge%2C_Russia1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Russki_Island_Bridge%2C_Russia1.jpg/330px-Russki_Island_Bridge%2C_Russia1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Russki_Island_Bridge%2C_Russia1.jpg/440px-Russki_Island_Bridge%2C_Russia1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russky_Bridge" title="Russky Bridge">Russky Bridge</a></figcaption></figure><p> The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railway" title="Trans-Siberian Railway">Trans-Siberian Railway</a> was built to connect <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> with Vladivostok, Russia's most important <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> port. Finished in 1905, the rail line ran from Moscow to Vladivostok via several of Russia's main cities. Part of the railway, known as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Eastern_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Eastern Line">Chinese Eastern Line</a>, crossed over into China, passing through <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, a major city in Manchuria. Today, Vladivostok serves as the main starting point for the Trans-Siberian portion of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Land_Bridge" title="Eurasian Land Bridge">Eurasian Land Bridge</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg/220px-Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg/330px-Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg/440px-Vladivostok_Railway_station_P8050426_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3301" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_railway_station" title="Vladivostok railway station">Vladivostok railway station</a></figcaption></figure><p>Vladivostok is the main air hub in the Russian Far East. <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_International_Airport" title="Vladivostok International Airport">Vladivostok International Airport</a> (VVO) is the home base of <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(airline)" title="Aurora (airline)">Aurora</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a>. The airline was formed by <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a> in 2013 by amalgamating <a href="/wiki/SAT_Airlines" title="SAT Airlines">SAT Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_Avia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladivostok Avia">Vladivostok Avia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_International_Airport" title="Vladivostok International Airport">Vladivostok International Airport</a> was significantly upgraded in 2013 with a new 3,500-meter (11,500 ft)-long runway capable of accommodating all aircraft types without any restrictions. The <i>Terminal A</i> was built in 2012 with a capacity of 3.5 million passengers per year. </p><p>International flights connect Vladivostok with Japan, China, Philippines, North Korea, South Korea and Vietnam. </p><p> It is possible to get to Vladivostok from several of the larger cities in Russia. Regular flights to <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, were available in the 1990s but have been cancelled since. <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_Air" title="Vladivostok Air">Vladivostok Air</a> flew to <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a>, from July 2008 until 2013, before being transformed into <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(airline)" title="Aurora (airline)">Aurora</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9,_2005-08-15.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_2005-08-15.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_2005-08-15.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_2005-08-15.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_2005-08-15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_2005-08-15.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%2C_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%91%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_2005-08-15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Svetlanskaya_Street" title="Svetlanskaya Street">Svetlanskaya Street</a> in the central part of Vladivostok (August 2005)</figcaption></figure><p>Vladivostok is the starting point of <a href="/wiki/M60_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="M60 highway (Russia)">Ussuri Highway</a> (M60) to <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, the easternmost part of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Highway" title="Trans-Siberian Highway">Trans-Siberian Highway</a> that goes all the way to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> via <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>. The other main highways go east to <a href="/wiki/Nakhodka" title="Nakhodka">Nakhodka</a> and south to <a href="/wiki/Khasan_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Khasan (urban-type settlement)">Khasan</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_transportation">Urban transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Urban transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 28, 1908, Vladivostok's first tram line was started along <a href="/wiki/Svetlanskaya_Street" title="Svetlanskaya Street">Svetlanskaya Street</a>, running from the railway station on Lugovaya Street.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On October 9, 1912, the first wooden carriages manufactured in Belgium entered service. Today, Vladivostok's means of public transportation include trolleybus, bus, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Vladivostok" title="Trams in Vladivostok">tram</a>, train, <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funicular</a> and ferryboat. The main urban traffic lines are Downtown—Vtoraya Rechka, Downtown—Pervaya Rechka—3ya Rabochaya—Balyayeva, and Downtown—Lugovaya Street. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cars of the Vladivostok funicular"><img alt="Cars of the Vladivostok funicular" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg/120px-Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg/180px-Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg/240px-Cars_of_the_Vladivostok_funicular.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cars of the Vladivostok funicular</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_bus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Buses in Vladivostok"><img alt="Buses in Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vladivostok_bus.JPG/120px-Vladivostok_bus.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vladivostok_bus.JPG/180px-Vladivostok_bus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Vladivostok_bus.JPG/240px-Vladivostok_bus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buses in Vladivostok</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_tram.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Trams in Vladivostok"><img alt="Trams in Vladivostok" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Vladivostok_tram.JPG/120px-Vladivostok_tram.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Vladivostok_tram.JPG/180px-Vladivostok_tram.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Vladivostok_tram.JPG/240px-Vladivostok_tram.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Vladivostok" title="Trams in Vladivostok">Trams in Vladivostok</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>In 2012, Vladivostok hosted the <a href="/wiki/APEC_Russia_2012" title="APEC Russia 2012">24th Summit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC) forum. In preparation for the event, the infrastructure of the city was renovated and improved. Two giant <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridges</a> were constructed in Vladivostok, namely the <a href="/wiki/Zolotoy_Rog_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Zolotoy Rog Bridge">Zolotoy Rog Bridge</a> over Golden Horn Bay, and the <a href="/wiki/Russky_Bridge" title="Russky Bridge">Russky Bridge</a> from the mainland to <a href="/wiki/Russky_Island" title="Russky Island">Russky Island</a>, where the summit took place. The latter bridge is the longest <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridge</a> in the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vgues_audimax.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vgues_audimax.JPG/220px-Vgues_audimax.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vgues_audimax.JPG/330px-Vgues_audimax.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Vgues_audimax.JPG/440px-Vgues_audimax.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Videoconferencing in Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service</figcaption></figure> <p>There are 114 general education institutions in Vladivostok, with a total number of students of 50,700 people (in 2015). The municipal education system of the city consists of preschool organizations, primary, basic, secondary general education schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, schools with an in-depth study of individual subjects, and centers of additional education. </p><p>The municipal educational network includes 2 gymnasiums, 2 lyceums, 13 schools with advanced study of individual subjects, one primary school, 2 basic schools, 58 secondary schools, four evening schools, and one boarding school. Three Vladivostok schools are included in the Top-500 schools of the Russian Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the municipal level, there is a city system of school olympiads, a city scholarship has been established for outstanding achievements of students. </p><p>In 2016, branches of the Academy of Russian Ballet and the Nakhimov Naval School were opened.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dozens of colleges, schools and universities provide vocational education in Vladivostok. The beginning of higher education was laid in the city with the founding of the Oriental Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-edu1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edu1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the moment, the largest university in Vladivostok is the Far Eastern Federal University. More than 41,000 students study in it, 5,000 employees work, including 1,598 teachers. It accounts for a large share (64%) of scientific publications among Far Eastern universities.<sup id="cite_ref-edu1_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edu1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day,_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Students in Vladivostok celebrating <a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Day" title="Tatiana Day">St Tatyana's Day</a>, or Russian Students Day</figcaption></figure> <p>Also, higher education in the city is represented by such local universities: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_University" title="Far Eastern Federal University">Far Eastern Federal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_State_University_of_Economics_and_Service" title="Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service">Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok_State_Medical_University" title="Vladivostok State Medical University">Vladivostok State Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_State_University" title="Maritime State University">Maritime State University</a></li> <li>Far Eastern State Institute of Arts</li> <li>Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University</li> <li>Pacific Higher Naval School and Pacific State Medical University</li> <li>Branches of the Russian Customs Academy</li> <li>The International Institute of Economics and Law</li> <li>Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia</li> <li>Saint Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over fifty <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a> and regional editions to Moscow publications are issued in Vladivostok. The largest newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a> and the whole <a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a> is <i>Vladivostok News</i> with a circulation of 124,000 copies at the beginning of 1996. Its founder, joint-stock company Vladivostok-News, also issues a weekly English-language newspaper Vladivostok News. The subjects of the publications issued in these newspapers vary from information about Vladivostok and Primorye to major international events. Newspaper <i>Zolotoy Rog</i> (<i>Golden Horn</i>) gives every detail of economic news. Entertainment materials and cultural news constitute a larger part of Novosti (News) newspaper which is the most popular among Primorye's young people. Also, new online mass media about the Russian Far East for foreigners is the Far East Times. This source invites readers to take part in the informational support of R.F.E. for visitors, travellers and businessmen. Vladivostok operates many online news agencies, such as NewsVL.ru, Primamedia, Primorye24 and Vesti-Primorye. From 2012 to 2017 there operates youth online magazine Vladivostok-3000. </p><p>As of 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there operate nineteen radio stations, including three 24-hour local stations. Radio VBC (FM 101,7 MHz, since 1993) broadcasts classic and modern rock music, oldies and music of the 1980s–1990s. Radio Lemma (FM 102,7 MHz, since 1996) broadcasts news, radio shows and various Russian and European-American songs. Vladivostok FM (FM 106,4 MHz, was launched in 2008) broadcasts local news and popular music (Top 40). The State broadcasting company "Vladivostok" broadcasts local news and music programs from 7 to 9, from 12 to 14 and from 18 to 19 on weekdays on the frequency of Radio Rossii (Radio of Russia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galleries_and_showrooms">Galleries and showrooms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Galleries and showrooms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg/260px-Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg/390px-Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg/520px-Lemoch_Carl_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1597" /></a><figcaption>"Recovering" (1889) by Cyril Lemokh – Primorsky State Art Gallery</figcaption></figure> <p>The active development of art museums in Vladivostok began in the 1950s. In 1960, the House of Artists was built, in which there were exhibition halls. In 1965, the Primorsky State Art Gallery was separated into a separate institution, and later, on the basis of its collection, the Children's Art Gallery was created. In Soviet times, one of the largest areas for exhibitions in Vladivostok was the exhibition hall of the Primorsky branch of the Union of Artists of Soviet Russia. In 1989 the gallery of contemporary art "Artetage" was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-gallery_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallery-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, the Arka gallery of contemporary art was opened, the first exposition of which consisted of 100 paintings donated by the collector Alexander Glezer.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gallery participates in international exhibitions and fairs. In 2005, a non-commercial private gallery "Roytau" appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-gallery_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallery-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, the centers of contemporary art "Salt" (created on the basis of the FEFU art museum) and "Zarya",<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have been active. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music,_opera,_and_ballet"><span id="Music.2C_opera.2C_and_ballet"></span>Music, opera, and ballet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music, opera, and ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to the Vladivostok Pops Orchestra. </p><p>Russian rock band <a href="/wiki/Mumiy_Troll" title="Mumiy Troll">Mumiy Troll</a> hails from Vladivostok and frequently puts on shows there. In addition, the city hosted the "<a href="/wiki/VladiROCKstok" title="VladiROCKstok">VladiROCKstok</a>" International Music Festival in September 1996. Hosted by the mayor and governor, and organized by two young American expatriates, the festival drew nearly 10,000 people and top-tier musical acts from St. Petersburg (<a href="/wiki/Akvarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Akvarium">Akvarium</a> and <a href="/wiki/DDT_(band)" title="DDT (band)">DDT</a>) and Seattle (<a href="/wiki/Supersuckers" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersuckers">Supersuckers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goodness_(band)" title="Goodness (band)">Goodness</a>), as well as several leading local bands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Nowadays<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> there is another annual music festival in Vladivostok, Vladivostok Rocks International Music Festival and Conference (V-ROX). Vladivostok Rocks is a three-day open-air city festival and international conference for the music industry and contemporary cultural management. It offers the opportunity for aspiring artists and producers to gain exposure to new audiences and leading international professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Musical theater in Vladivostok is represented by the Primorsky Regional Philharmonic Society, the largest concert organization in Primorsky Krai. The Philharmonic has organized the Pacific Symphony Orchestra and the Governor's Brass Orchestra. In 2013, the Primorsky Opera and Ballet Theater was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 1, 2016, it was transformed into a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariinsky Theater">Mariinsky Theater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian Opera House houses the State Primorsky Opera and Ballet Theater.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Arseniev_Museum_of_Far_East_History" title="Vladimir K. Arseniev Museum of Far East History">Vladimir K. Arseniev Museum of Far East History</a>, opened in 1890, is the main museum of Primorsky Krai. Besides the main facility, it has three branches in Vladivostok itself (including <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Arsenyev" title="Vladimir Arsenyev">Arsenyev</a>'s Memorial House), and five branches elsewhere in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the items in the museum's collection are the famous 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Yongning_Temple_Stele" title="Yongning Temple Stele">Yongning Temple Steles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tyr,_Russia" title="Tyr, Russia">the lower Amur</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movie_theaters">Movie theaters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Movie theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, 21 movie theaters operated in Vladivostok, and the total number of film screenings was 1,501,000. </p><p>Most of the city's movie theaters – Ocean, Galaktika, Moscow (formerly called New Wave movie theater), Neptune 3D (formerly called Neptune and Borodino), Illusion, Vladivostok – are renovated movie theaters built in the Soviet years. Among them stands out "Ocean" with the largest (22 by 10 meters) screen in the Far East of the country, located in the city's downtown in the area of Sports Harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with the "Ussuri" movie theater, it is the venue for the annual international film festival "Pacific Meridians" (since 2002).<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since December 2014 the IMAX 3D hall has been operating in the Ocean movie theater.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theaters">Theaters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg/220px-Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg/330px-Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg/440px-Vladivostok_Gorky_Drama_Theatre_2010-10_1286866053.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Maxim Gorky Theater</figcaption></figure> <p>Maxim Gorky Academic Theater, named after the Russian author <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a>, was founded in 1931 and is used for drama, musical and children's theater performances. </p><p>There are five professional theaters in the city. In 2014, they were visited by 369,800 spectators. The Primorsky Regional Academic Drama Theater named after <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a> is the oldest state theater in Vladivostok, opened on November 3, 1932. The theater employs 202 people: 41 actors (of them, three folk and nine honored artists of Russia).<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_20-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7731" data-file-height="7731" /></a><figcaption>Manor of Julius Bryner, in front of which stands the statue of his grandson Juli (the actor <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a>), Aleutskaya St.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Primorsky Pushkin Theater was built in 1907–1908, and is currently one of the main cultural centers of the city. In the 1930s–40s, the following still operating ones were successively opened: the Drama Theater of the Pacific Fleet, the Primorsky Regional Puppet Theater, and the Primorsky Regional Drama Theater of Youth.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regional puppet theater gave 484 performances in 2015, which were attended by more than 52,000 spectators. There are 500 puppets in the theater, where 15 artists work. The troupe regularly goes on tour to Europe and Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2012, a granite statue of the actor <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> (1920–1985) was inaugurated in Yul Brynner Park, directly in front of the house where he was born at 15 Aleutskaya St. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_squares">Parks and squares</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Parks and squares"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG/220px-Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG/330px-Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG/440px-Admirala_Fokina_Street_in_Vladivostok_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Admirala Fokina Street (September 2014)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg/220px-International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg/330px-International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg/440px-International_Yoga_Day_in_russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Practicing yoga on <a href="/wiki/International_Yoga_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="International Yoga Day">Yoga Day</a> in Vladivostok, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Parks and squares in Vladivostok include Pokrovskiy Park, Minnyy Gorodok, Detskiy Razvlekatelnyy Park, Park of Sergeya Lazo, Admiralskiy Skver, Skver im. Neveskogo, Nagornyy Park, Skver im. Sukhanova, Fantaziya Park, Skver Rybatskoy Slavy, Skver im. A.I.Shchetininoy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pokrovskiy_Park">Pokrovskiy Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Pokrovskiy Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pokrovskiy Park was once a cemetery. It was converted into a park in 1934 but was closed in 1990. Since 1990, the land the park sits on belongs to the Russian Orthodox Church. During the rebuilding of the Orthodox Church, graves were found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minny_Gorodok">Minny Gorodok</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Minny Gorodok"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minny Gorodok is a 91-acre (37 ha) public park. Minny Gorodok means "Mine Borough Park" in English. The park is a former military base that was founded in 1880. The military base was used for storing mines in underground storage. Converted into a park in 1985, Minny Gorodok contains several lakes, ponds, and an ice-skating rink. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detsky_Razvlekatelny_Park">Detsky Razvlekatelny Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Detsky Razvlekatelny Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Detsky Razvlekatelny Park is a children's amusement park located near Downtown Vladivostok. The park contains a carousel, gaming machines, a Ferris wheel, cafés, an aquarium, movie theater and a stadium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admiralsky_Skver">Admiralsky Skver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Admiralsky Skver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Admiralsky Skver is a landmark located near Downtown Vladivostok. The Square is an open space, dominated by the Triumfalnaya Arka. South of the square sits a museum of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_S-56" title="Soviet submarine S-56">Soviet submarine S-56</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg/220px-Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg/330px-Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg/440px-Fetisov_Arena_20171224.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fetisov_Arena" title="Fetisov Arena">Fetisov Arena</a> in Vladivostok in December 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Vladivostok is home to the football club <a href="/wiki/FC_Dynamo_Vladivostok" title="FC Dynamo Vladivostok">Dynamo Vladivostok</a>, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Second_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Second Division">Russian Second Division</a>, ice hockey club <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Vladivostok" title="Admiral Vladivostok">Admiral Vladivostok</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chernyshev_Division" title="Chernyshev Division">Chernyshev Division</a>, and basketball club <a href="/wiki/Spartak_Primorye" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartak Primorye">Spartak Primorye</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Basketball_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Basketball Super League">Russian Basketball Super League</a>. Former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Premier_League" title="Russian Premier League">Russian Premier League</a> football club <a href="/wiki/FC_Luch_Vladivostok" title="FC Luch Vladivostok">Luch Vladivostok</a> used to be the main football team of the city until its bankruptcy in 2020. It is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Vostok_Vladivostok" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok Vladivostok">Vostok Vladivostok</a> <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">motorcycle speedway</a> club. </p><p>Vladivostok annually hosts various contests. In 2022, the 35th Regatta boat for the Goblet of Peter the Great and the 19th Russian Championship of Conrad-25R yachts were held.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pollution">Pollution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare_and_rights_in_Russia" title="Animal welfare and rights in Russia">Animal welfare and rights in Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_fur_trade" title="Siberian fur trade">Siberian fur trade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Russia" title="List of power stations in Russia">List of power stations in Russia</a></div> <p>Local ecologists from the <i>Ecocenter</i> organization have claimed that much of Vladivostok's suburbs are <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">polluted</a> and that living in them can be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Health_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Health hazard">health hazard</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The pollution has a number of causes, according to <i>Ecocenter</i> geochemical expert Sergey Shlykov. Vladivostok has about eighty industrial sites, which may not be many compared to Russia's most industrialized areas, but those around the city are particularly environmentally unfriendly, such as <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">shipbuilding</a> and repairing, power stations, printing, <a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">fur farming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Russia">mining</a>. </p><p>In addition, Vladivostok has particularly vulnerable geography which compounds the effect of pollution. Winds cannot clear pollution from some of the most densely populated areas around the Pervaya and Vtoraya Rechka as they sit in basins which the winds blow over. In addition, there is little snow in winter and no leaves or grass to catch the dust to make it settle down.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecocenter_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecocenter-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-6614368-nk52-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3836" /></a><figcaption>Vladivostok (1955)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg/220px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg/330px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg/440px-Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566_f-10d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9562" data-file-height="7145" /></a><figcaption>Vladivostok and surrounding region (<a href="/wiki/Defense_Mapping_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Mapping Agency">DMA</a>, 1988)</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is located in the southern extremity of <a href="/wiki/Muravyov-Amursky_Peninsula" title="Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula">Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula</a>, which is about 30 kilometers (19 mi) long and 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) wide. </p><p>The highest point in the city is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kholodilnik" title="Mount Kholodilnik">Mount Kholodilnik</a>, at 257 meters (843 ft). <a href="/wiki/Eagle%27s_Nest_Hill" title="Eagle's Nest Hill">Eagle's Nest Hill</a> is often called the highest point in the city, but with a height of 199 m (653 ft), or 214 m (702 ft) according to other sources, it is only the highest point in the city center, not the whole city. </p><p>Located in the extreme southeast of the Russian Far East, in the extreme southeast of <a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a>, Vladivostok is geographically closer to <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a>, US and even <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwin, Australia">Darwin, Australia</a> than it is to the nation's capital of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. Vladivostok is also closer to <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu, Hawaii</a>, US than to the city of <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a>. It also is further east than any area south of it in China and the entire Korean peninsula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vladivostok has a monsoon-influenced <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Dwb</i>, <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha climate classification</a> <i>Dcbc</i>) with warm, humid and rainy summers and cold, dry winters. Owing to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_High" title="Siberian High">Siberian High</a>, winters are much colder than a latitude of 43 degrees should warrant, given its low elevation and coastal location, with a January average of −11.9 °C (10.6 °F). Winter temperatures are somewhat colder than <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> and far colder than <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>; all 3 locations are at or above 43 degrees north latitude. They are even colder than those of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, interior locations at 56 and 45 degrees north, respectively. Since the maritime influence is strong in summer, Vladivostok has a relatively cold annual climate for its latitude. </p><p>In winter, temperatures can drop below −20 °C (−4 °F) while mild spells of weather can raise daytime temperatures above freezing. The average monthly precipitation, mainly in the form of snow, is around 18.5 millimeters (0.73 in) from December to March. Snow is common during winter, but individual snowfalls are light, with a maximum snow depth of only 5 centimeters (2.0 in) in January. During winter, clear sunny days are common. </p><p>Summers are warm, humid and rainy, due to the East Asian <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>. The warmest month is August, with an average temperature of +20 °C (68 °F). Vladivostok receives most of its <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> during the summer months, and most summer days see some rainfall. Cloudy days are fairly common and because of the frequent rainfall, humidity is high, on average about 90% from June to August. </p><p>During the summer season, the city is prone to <a href="/wiki/Typhoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoons">typhoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storms" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storms">tropical storms</a>. <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Sanba" title="Typhoon Sanba">Typhoon Sanba</a> struck the city as a tropical storm in 2012. In <a href="/wiki/Artyom,_Russia" title="Artyom, Russia">Artyom</a>, near Vladivostok, more than 300 ha (740 acres) of crops were inundated. Preliminary losses over the region were estimated to be <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">₽</a>40 million (US$1.29 million).<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typhoons can be rare, but tropical storms happen from the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> after a typhoon landfall from <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. </p><p>On average, Vladivostok receives 840 millimeters (33 in) of precipitation per year, but the driest year was 1943, when 418 millimeters (16.5 in) of precipitation fell, and the wettest was 1974, with 1,272 millimeters (50.1 in) of precipitation. The winter months from December to March are dry, and in some years they have seen no measurable precipitation at all. Extremes range from −31.4 °C (−24.5 °F) in January 1931 to +33.6 °C (92.5 °F) in July 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vladivostok_weatherbox" title="Template:Vladivostok weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Vladivostok_weatherbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Vladivostok weatherbox (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vladivostok_weatherbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vladivostok weatherbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Climate data for <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladivostok</a> (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.9<br />(10.6) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.1<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.0<br />(10.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.4<br />(−24.5) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.9<br />(−20.0) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.3<br />(−6.3) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.7<br />(14.5) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.0<br />(−4.0) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.1<br />(−18.6) </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−31.4<br />(−24.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97<br />(3.8) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #12FF12; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #00F700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">860<br />(33.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5<br />(2.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">133 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #00009E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">92 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.3 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.1 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.3 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.2 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.6 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.0 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.3 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,025.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Погода и Климат<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Sea temperature data for Vladivostok </th></tr> <tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium; font-size:120%">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th>Average sea temperature °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">-1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">-1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">-0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #1A1AFF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8.64<br />(47.6) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#ffffff;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Vladivostok is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Akita_(city)" title="Akita (city)">Akita</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, South Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hakodate" title="Hakodate">Hakodate</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a>, South Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>, Malaysia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manta,_Ecuador" title="Manta, Ecuador">Manta</a>, Ecuador</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Niigata_(city)" title="Niigata (city)">Niigata</a>, Japan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pohang" title="Pohang">Pohang</a>, South Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a>, North Korea</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian</a>, China</li></ul> </div> <p>In 2010, arches with the names of each of Vladivostok's twin towns were placed in a park within the city.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From Vladivostok ferry port next to the train station, a ferry of the DBS Cruise Ferry travels regularly to <a href="/wiki/Donghae_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Donghae City">Donghae</a>, South Korea and from there to <a href="/wiki/Sakaiminato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakaiminato">Sakaiminato</a> on the Japanese main island of <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Vladivostok" title="Category:People from Vladivostok">People from Vladivostok</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Biriukova" title="Alexandra Biriukova">Alexandra Biriukova</a> (1895–1967), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexei_Volkonski" title="Alexei Volkonski">Alexei Volkonski</a> (born 1978), canoeist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Shchetinina" title="Anna Shchetinina">Anna Shchetinina</a> (1908–1999), captain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Fng_Sangjin" title="Chŏng Sangjin">Chŏng Sangjin</a> (1918–2013), Korean freedom fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ankudinova" title="Diana Ankudinova">Diana Ankudinova</a> (born May 31, 2003), singer<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmar_Lohk" title="Elmar Lohk">Elmar Lohk</a> (1901–1963), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Kozlovsky" title="Eugene Kozlovsky">Eugene Kozlovsky</a> (1946–2023), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feliks_Gromov" title="Feliks Gromov">Feliks Gromov</a> (1937–2021), admiral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Ansoff" title="Igor Ansoff">Igor Ansoff</a> (1918–2002), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Kunitsyn" title="Igor Kunitsyn">Igor Kunitsyn</a> (born 1981), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Igor Tamm</a> (1895–1971), physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Lagutenko" title="Ilya Lagutenko">Ilya Lagutenko</a> (born 1968), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vasiliev" title="Ivan Vasiliev">Ivan Vasiliev</a> (born 1989), ballet dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Koryo-saram</a> poet and Soviet soldier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristina_Rihanoff" title="Kristina Rihanoff">Kristina Rihanoff</a> (born 1977), dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksenia_Kahnovich" title="Ksenia Kahnovich">Ksenia Kahnovich</a> (born 1987), model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Knyazev" title="Lev Knyazev">Lev Knyazev</a> (1924–2012), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liah_Greenfeld" title="Liah Greenfeld">Liah Greenfeld</a> (born 1954), academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilia_Akhaimova" title="Lilia Akhaimova">Lilia Akhaimova</a> (born 1997), gymnast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Losseff" title="Mary Losseff">Mary Losseff</a> (1907–1972), singer, film actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Koklyaev" title="Mikhail Koklyaev">Mikhail Koklyaev</a> (born 1978), strongman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Pogonina" title="Natalia Pogonina">Natalia Pogonina</a> (born 1985), chess player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Dubinin" title="Nikolay Dubinin">Nikolay Dubinin</a> (1907–1998), biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Portnyagin" title="Paul Portnyagin">Paul Portnyagin</a> (1903–1977), Greek-Catholic priest, teacher and orientalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_A._Boodberg" title="Peter A. Boodberg">Peter A. Boodberg</a> (1903–1972), scholar, linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov" title="Stanislav Petrov">Stanislav Petrov</a> (1939–2017), soldier, averted nuclear war</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoy" title="Svoy">Svoy</a> (born 1980), musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swathi_Reddy" title="Swathi Reddy">Swathi Reddy</a> (born 1987), Indian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Zotov" title="Victor Zotov">Victor Zotov</a> (1908–1977), botanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Kravtsov" title="Vitali Kravtsov">Vitali Kravtsov</a> (born 1999), ice hockey forward</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Arsenyev" title="Vladimir Arsenyev">Vladimir Arsenyev</a> (1872–1930), explorer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ossipoff" title="Vladimir Ossipoff">Vladimir Ossipoff</a> (1907–1998), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Hurley" title="Wes Hurley">Wes Hurley</a> (born 1981), filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Dong-hwi" title="Yi Dong-hwi">Yi Dong-hwi</a> (1873–1935), Korean communist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> (1920–1985), film actor</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)">32nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">List of North Asian ports</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir (name)">Vladimir (name)</a> for etymology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When the city was transliterated with Kanji, 鹽 was the <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABjitai" title="Kyūjitai">Kyūjitai</a> form in use. However, after <a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">postwar</a> Kanji simplification, the Kanjis 鹽 and 德 were simplified in Japanese to 塩 and 徳, respectively.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref130-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref130_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref130_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref130_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref130_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref130_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #161-KZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gr_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Энциклопедия Города России</i>. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9" title="Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9"><bdi>5-7107-7399-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-7107-7399-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vestiprim.com/news/2892-konstantin-shestakov-is-the-new-mayor-of-vladivostok.html">"Konstantin Shestakov is the new mayor of Vladivostok"</a>. <i>vestiprim.com</i>. August 5, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915011050/http://vestiprim.com/news/2892-konstantin-shestakov-is-the-new-mayor-of-vladivostok.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vestiprim.com&rft.atitle=Konstantin+Shestakov+is+the+new+mayor+of+Vladivostok&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvestiprim.com%2Fnews%2F2892-konstantin-shestakov-is-the-new-mayor-of-vladivostok.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215125/http://primamedia.ru/files/36153.doc">"Генеральный план Владивостока"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primamedia.ru/files/36153.doc">the original</a> on July 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Ffiles%2F36153.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-7f4579a6b7a9302adbe36a2e0d495a02760c8149-v18-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-7f4579a6b7a9302adbe36a2e0d495a02760c8149-v18_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it-ch.topographic-map.com/map-fjm14s/Vladivostok/?zoom=18&center=43.11532%2C131.88304&popup=43.11557%2C131.88321">https://it-ch.topographic-map.com/map-fjm14s/Vladivostok/?zoom=18&center=43.11532%2C131.88304&popup=43.11557%2C131.88321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fit-ch.topographic-map.com%2Fmap-fjm14s%2FVladivostok%2F%3Fzoom%3D18%26center%3D43.11532%252C131.88304%26popup%3D43.11557%252C131.88321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=26.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2018%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2018.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111101015/https://www.primorsky.ru/administratsiya/administratsiya-primorskogo-kraya/index.php">"Правительство Приморского края"</a>. <i>Официальный сайт Правительства Приморского края</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primorsky.ru/administratsiya/administratsiya-primorskogo-kraya/index.php">the original</a> on November 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primorsky.ru%2Fadministratsiya%2Fadministratsiya-primorskogo-kraya%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref862-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref862_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref862_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref862_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #179-KZ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostalCode-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostalCode_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (<i>Russian Post</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department">Поиск объектов почтовой связи</a> (<i>Postal Objects Search</i>) <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fedpress.ru/federal/econom/tek/id_238747.html"><bdi lang="ru">Ростелеком завершил перевод Владивостока на семизначную нумерацию телефонов</bdi></a> (in Russian). July 12, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127022509/http://fedpress.ru/federal/econom/tek/id_238747.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffedpress.ru%2Ffederal%2Feconom%2Ftek%2Fid_238747.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2Ftab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sj-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sj_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sj_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaine2003" class="citation book cs1">Paine, SCM (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SHIAEo_qGRIC&pg=PA69"><i>The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: perceptions, power, and primacy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81714-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81714-1"><bdi>978-0-521-81714-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sino-Japanese+War+of+1894%E2%80%931895%3A+perceptions%2C+power%2C+and+primacy&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81714-1&rft.aulast=Paine&rft.aufirst=SCM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSHIAEo_qGRIC%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history2_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-promyshlenno-ekonomicheskogo-razvitiya-vladivostoka-v-nachale-xx-veka">"Особенности промышленно-экономического развития Владивостока в начале XX века"</a>. <i>CyberLeninka</i>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808015042/http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-promyshlenno-ekonomicheskogo-razvitiya-vladivostoka-v-nachale-xx-veka">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5+XX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fosobennosti-promyshlenno-ekonomicheskogo-razvitiya-vladivostoka-v-nachale-xx-veka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history3_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history3_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/volnaya-gavan-obschestvennaya-zhizn-dorevolyutsionnogo-vladivostoka">"Вольная гавань: общественная жизнь дореволюционного Владивостока"</a>. <i>CyberLeninka</i>. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104210413/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/volnaya-gavan-obschestvennaya-zhizn-dorevolyutsionnogo-vladivostoka">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%3A+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fvolnaya-gavan-obschestvennaya-zhizn-dorevolyutsionnogo-vladivostoka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Visitors2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Visitors2017_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Visitors2017_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЕкатерина_Века2018" class="citation web cs1">Екатерина Века (February 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331173340/http://www.primorsky.ru/news/139973/">"Владивосток вошёл в топ-5 самых популярных у туристов городов России"</a>. Администрация Приморского края. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primorsky.ru/news/139973/">the original</a> on March 31, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%91%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF-5+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%83+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft.date=2018-02-07&rft.au=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.primorsky.ru%2Fnews%2F139973%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Jacoby2005" class="citation web cs1">Alexander Jacoby (July 5, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2005/07/05/commentary/world-commentary/eastern-europe-in-the-far-east/">"Eastern Europe in the Far East"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929005914/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2005/07/05/commentary/world-commentary/eastern-europe-in-the-far-east/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Eastern+Europe+in+the+Far+East&rft.date=2005-07-05&rft.au=Alexander+Jacoby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2005%2F07%2F05%2Fcommentary%2Fworld-commentary%2Feastern-europe-in-the-far-east%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Nosal" class="citation web cs1">Alex Nosal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php%3Fidx=367">"Vladivostok, Europe in Middle of The Orient"</a>. <i>The Seoul Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017231007/https://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=%2FST%2Fdb%2Fread.php%3Fidx%3D367">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seoul+Times&rft.atitle=Vladivostok%2C+Europe+in+Middle+of+The+Orient&rft.au=Alex+Nosal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheseoultimes.com%2FST%2F%3Furl%3D%2FST%2Fdb%2Fread.php%253Fidx%3D367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA&oldid=12344098">"Владик"</a>. June 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727073942/https://ru.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA&oldid=12344098">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2023</span> – via Wiktionary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fru.wiktionary.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D0%2592%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%26oldid%3D12344098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">В. В. Постников. (V. V. Postinkov.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojkum.ru/arc/lib/2010_04_07.pdf">"К осмыслению названия 'Владивосток': историко-политические образы Тихоокеанской России."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171215044505/http://ojkum.ru/arc/lib/2010_04_07.pdf">Archived</a> December 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ("To the comprehension of the name "Vladivostok": historical and political images of the Pacific Russia.") <i>Ойкумена.</i> (Ojkumena.) Vol. 4. July 2010. p. 75. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billé-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billé_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billé_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillé2016" class="citation journal cs1">Billé, Franck (December 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p1048h7">"On China's Cartographic Embrace: A View from Its Northern Rim"</a>. <i>Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review e-Journal</i>. <b>1</b> (21): 107. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230323193529/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p1048h7">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cross-Currents%3A+East+Asian+History+and+Culture+Review+e-Journal&rft.atitle=On+China%27s+Cartographic+Embrace%3A+A+View+from+Its+Northern+Rim&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=107&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Bill%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F7p1048h7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonLiu_Ming-Ch’uan1888" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilson" title="James H. Wilson">Wilson, James Harrison</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liu_Mingchuan" title="Liu Mingchuan">Liu Ming-Ch’uan</a> (1888) [<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1881</span>]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinatravelsand02wilsgoog/page/n157/">"Memorial of Liu Ming-Ch'uan, a general in the Chinese army, in retirement, recommending the immediate introduction of railways as a means of augmenting the power of the country."</a>. <i>China: Travels and Investigations in the "Middle Kingdom": A Study of Its Civilization and Possibilites</i>. Appleton. pp. <span class="nowrap">128–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/835707181">835707181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Memorial+of+Liu+Ming-Ch%E2%80%99uan%2C+a+general+in+the+Chinese+army%2C+in+retirement%2C+recommending+the+immediate+introduction+of+railways+as+a+means+of+augmenting+the+power+of+the+country.&rft.btitle=China%3A+Travels+and+Investigations+in+the+%22Middle+Kingdom%22%3A+A+Study+of+Its+Civilization+and+Possibilites&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.pub=Appleton&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F835707181&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James+Harrison&rft.au=Liu+Ming-Ch%E2%80%99uan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinatravelsand02wilsgoog%2Fpage%2Fn157%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span>: "Russia has built railways which run from Europe to the neighborhood of Hao Han, and she purposes to build one from Hai-Shen-Wei to Hui Ch’un, and the reason why she did not proceed to send troops recently, when the quarrel with us commenced, is not that she feared to encounter our soldiers, but that her railways were not quite completed."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeon_E._Seltzer1952" class="citation book cs1">Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952). "Vladivostok". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbialippinco00selt/"><i>The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World</i></a>. Morningside Heights, NY: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 2042. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/802473294">802473294</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vladivostok&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Lippincott+Gazetteer+of+the+World&rft.place=Morningside+Heights%2C+NY&rft.pages=2042&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F802473294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbialippinco00selt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span> "Chinese <i>Hai-shen-wei</i> [=trepang bay]"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF谢" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">谢, 选骏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IZNCEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA707"><i>谢选骏全集96卷</i></a> [<i>Complete Works of Xie Xuanjun Volume XCVI</i>] (in Chinese). Xiè Xuǎnjùn (Self-published online). p. 707. <q>它来自满语,意为"海边的小渔村", 1860 年之前本为中国清朝吉林辖地。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%B0%A2%E9%80%89%E9%AA%8F%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%8696%E5%8D%B7&rft.pages=707&rft.pub=Xi%C3%A8+Xu%C7%8Enj%C3%B9n+%28Self-published+online%29&rft.aulast=%E8%B0%A2&rft.aufirst=%E9%80%89%E9%AA%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIZNCEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003013024/http://ccumanchustudies.blogspot.com/2018/09/xai-sen-wei.html">"中正大學滿洲研究 Manchu Studies at National Chung Cheng University: 滿文字典中沒有的字和詞：Xai Šen Wei"</a>. September 18, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccumanchustudies.blogspot.com/2018/09/xai-sen-wei.html">the original</a> on October 3, 2018. <q>海參崴之地名乃來自漢文。海參的主要產地在中國東北及朝鮮半島。漢文「崴」，指山、水彎曲處，多用於地名，如吉林省的三道崴子、遼寧省的遲家崴子。海參崴意即盛產海參的水灣。或曰漢文的海參崴乃源自滿文的xaiišenwei ᡥᠠᡳᡧᡝᠨᠸᡝᡳ，意為「海邊的小漁村」云云，但中外滿文字書皆無此字的記載。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%BB%BF%E6%B4%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+Manchu+Studies+at+National+Chung+Cheng+University%3A+%E6%BB%BF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%AD%E6%B2%92%E6%9C%89%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E5%92%8C%E8%A9%9E%EF%BC%9AXai+%C5%A0en+Wei&rft.date=2018-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccumanchustudies.blogspot.com%2F2018%2F09%2Fxai-sen-wei.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://novostivl.ru/msg/11052.htm">"Владивосток все же стал Хайшенвеем".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616203835/https://novostivl.ru/msg/11052.htm">Archived</a> June 16, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Novostivl.ru. May 7, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2017. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKee2001" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kee, Kwonho (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search-c/getfile?URN=etd-0219101-165153&filename=lee.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">中共對韓半島外交政策: 從辯證法的角度研究</bdi></a> [Mainland China's foreign policy in the Korean Peninsula: a dialectical analysis] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a href="/wiki/National_Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="National Sun Yat-sen University">National Sun Yat-sen University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001121847/http://etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search-c/getfile?URN=etd-0219101-165153&filename=lee.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%B0%8D%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%3A+%E5%BE%9E%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%89%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pub=National+Sun+Yat-sen+University&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Kee&rft.aufirst=Kwonho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw%2FETD-db%2FETD-search-c%2Fgetfile%3FURN%3Detd-0219101-165153%26filename%3Dlee.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731022840/http://www.mlr.gov.cn/zwgk/flfg/chglflfg/200601/t20060119_72179.htm"><bdi lang="zh">公开地图内容表示若干规定</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Land_and_Resources_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China</a>. January 19, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlr.gov.cn/zwgk/flfg/chglflfg/200601/t20060119_72179.htm">the original</a> on July 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E8%8B%A5%E5%B9%B2%E8%A7%84%E5%AE%9A&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Land+and+Resources+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2006-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlr.gov.cn%2Fzwgk%2Fflfg%2Fchglflfg%2F200601%2Ft20060119_72179.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/china/2023/03/30/chinese-nationalists-are-annoyed-about-colonial-era-place-names">"Chinese nationalists are annoyed about colonial-era place names"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. March 30, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404070336/https://www.economist.com/china/2023/03/30/chinese-nationalists-are-annoyed-about-colonial-era-place-names">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Chinese+nationalists+are+annoyed+about+colonial-era+place+names&rft.date=2023-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fchina%2F2023%2F03%2F30%2Fchinese-nationalists-are-annoyed-about-colonial-era-place-names&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENarangoa2014300-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarangoa2014300_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNarangoa2014">Narangoa 2014</a>, p. 300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephan1994" class="citation book cs1">Stephan, John J. (1994). <i>The Russian Far East: A History</i>. Stanford University Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804727013" title="Special:BookSources/9780804727013"><bdi>9780804727013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Far+East%3A+A+History&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780804727013&rft.aulast=Stephan&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexseev2006" class="citation book cs1">Alexseev, Mikhail A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QoWwvXW7cGIC&pg=PA111"><i>Immigration Phobia and the Security Dilemma: Russia, Europe, and the United States</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521849883" title="Special:BookSources/9780521849883"><bdi>9780521849883</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328121218/https://books.google.com/books?id=QoWwvXW7cGIC&pg=PA111">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigration+Phobia+and+the+Security+Dilemma%3A+Russia%2C+Europe%2C+and+the+United+States&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521849883&rft.aulast=Alexseev&rft.aufirst=Mikhail+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQoWwvXW7cGIC%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vladivostok_2010-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vladivostok_2010_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vladivostok_2010_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vladivostok_2010_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Turmov G.P., Khisamutdinov A.A. Vladivostok. Historical guide. – M .: Veche, 2010. – 304 p. – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-9533-4924-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-9533-4924-6">978-5-9533-4924-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Old Vladivostok. / Auth. text and comp. B. Dyachenko. – Vladivostok: Morning of Russia, 1992. – P. 51. – 36,000 copies. – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-87080-004-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-87080-004-8">5-87080-004-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЮрий_Уфимцев" class="citation web cs1">Юрий Уфимцев. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211005904/http://oldvladivostok.ru/articles/?a=281&s=123">"Основание Владивостока"</a>. oldvladivostok.ru. 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February 7, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115060316/https://ria.ru/20100702/251565235.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%3A+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2010-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20100702%2F251565235.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoh2014" class="citation journal cs1">Koh, Mi (December 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islandstudies.net/weis/weis_2014v04/v04n3_Koh_Jeju.pdf">"Jeju haenyo spreading through Asia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Environment and Island Studies</i>. <b>4</b> (3): 38. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517154522/http://islandstudies.net/weis/weis_2014v04/v04n3_Koh_Jeju.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Environment+and+Island+Studies&rft.atitle=Jeju+haenyo+spreading+through+Asia&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=38&rft.date=2014-12-30&rft.aulast=Koh&rft.aufirst=Mi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislandstudies.net%2Fweis%2Fweis_2014v04%2Fv04n3_Koh_Jeju.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history4_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history4_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history4_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history4_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЯсько_Т._Н." class="citation web cs1">Ясько Т. Н. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fegi.ru/primorye/history/rev3_2.htm">"Сибирская военная флотилия в 1917—1922 гг"</a>. <i>fegi.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928103815/http://www.fegi.ru/primorye/history/rev3_2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fegi.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+1917%E2%80%941922+%D0%B3%D0%B3.&rft.au=%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%A2.+%D0%9D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fegi.ru%2Fprimorye%2Fhistory%2Frev3_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history5-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history5_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFДежурный_по_Редакции2015" class="citation web cs1">Дежурный по Редакции (November 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160610190324/http://history.milportal.ru/2015/11/arxangelskij-i-vladivostokskij-porty-v-gody-pervoj-mirovoj-vojny/">"Архангельский и Владивостокский порты в годы Первой мировой войны"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Russia)">Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.milportal.ru/2015/11/arxangelskij-i-vladivostokskij-porty-v-gody-pervoj-mirovoj-vojny/">the original</a> on June 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Defense+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2015-11-29&rft.au=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.milportal.ru%2F2015%2F11%2Farxangelskij-i-vladivostokskij-porty-v-gody-pervoj-mirovoj-vojny%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PRECLÍK, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-87173-47-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-87173-47-3">978-80-87173-47-3</a>, pages 38 – 50, 52 – 102, 124 – 128,140 – 148,184 – 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoana_Breidenbach2005" class="citation book cs1">Joana Breidenbach (2005). Pál Nyíri, Joana Breidenbach (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=icZJJN0wYPcC&q=khunkhuzy+russians&pg=PA90"><i>China inside out: contemporary Chinese nationalism and transnationalism</i></a> (illustrated ed.). Central European University Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-7326-14-6" title="Special:BookSources/963-7326-14-6"><bdi>963-7326-14-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Then there occurred another story which has become traumatic, this one for the Russian nationalist psyche. At the end of the year 1918, after the Russian Revolution, the Chinese merchants in the Russian Far East demanded the Chinese government to send troops for their protection, and Chinese troops were sent to Vladivostok to protect the Chinese community: about 1,600 soldiers and 700 support personnel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+inside+out%3A+contemporary+Chinese+nationalism+and+transnationalism&rft.pages=90&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=963-7326-14-6&rft.au=Joana+Breidenbach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DicZJJN0wYPcC%26q%3Dkhunkhuzy%2Brussians%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFВладимир_Гелаев.2015" class="citation web cs1">Владимир Гелаев. (April 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2015/04/07_a_6627081.shtml">"Новороссия Дальнего Востока"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta.Ru" title="Gazeta.Ru">Gazeta.Ru</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818081336/https://www.gazeta.ru/science/2015/04/07_a_6627081.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazeta.Ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2015-04-06&rft.au=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2Fscience%2F2015%2F04%2F07_a_6627081.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history50-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history50_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history50_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/planirovka-i-zastroyka-vladivostoka-v-1923-1931-gg">"Планировка и застройка Владивостока в 1923—1931 гг"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CyberLeninka" title="CyberLeninka">CyberLeninka</a></i>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808072556/http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/planirovka-i-zastroyka-vladivostoka-v-1923-1931-gg">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+1923%E2%80%941931+%D0%B3%D0%B3&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fplanirovka-i-zastroyka-vladivostoka-v-1923-1931-gg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history6-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history6_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history6_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history6_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКовалёва_З._А.,_Плохих_С._В.2002" class="citation web cs1">Ковалёва З. А., Плохих С. В. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://window.edu.ru/resource/956/40956/files/dvgu077.pdf">"История Дальнего Востока России"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316174322/http://window.edu.ru/resource/956/40956/files/dvgu077.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2002&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%97.+%D0%90.%2C+%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A1.+%D0%92.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwindow.edu.ru%2Fresource%2F956%2F40956%2Ffiles%2Fdvgu077.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКривенко_С." class="citation web cs1">Кривенко С. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memo.ru/history/NKVD/GULAG/r3/r3-57.htm">"Владивостокский ИТЛ"</a>. <i>Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031131929/http://memo.ru/HISTORY/NKVD/GULAG/r3/r3-57.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%9B&rft.au=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%A1.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memo.ru%2Fhistory%2FNKVD%2FGULAG%2Fr3%2Fr3-57.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history7-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-history7_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFГалина_Ткачева2019" class="citation web cs1">Галина Ткачева (October 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primamedia.ru/news/society/22.06.2016/429554/velikaya-otechestvennaya-vo-vladivostoke-kak-i-chem-zhil-gorod-v-voennoe-vremya.html">"Великая Отечественная во Владивостоке: как и чем жил город в военное время"</a>. <i>PrimaMedia.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816044230/http://primamedia.ru/news/society/22.06.2016/429554/velikaya-otechestvennaya-vo-vladivostoke-kak-i-chem-zhil-gorod-v-voennoe-vremya.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PrimaMedia.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.au=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F22.06.2016%2F429554%2Fvelikaya-otechestvennaya-vo-vladivostoke-kak-i-chem-zhil-gorod-v-voennoe-vremya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/bibl/paperno1/index_files/rasdel/13.doc">"Владивостокские порты"</a>. Камчатский научный центр. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022005940/http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/bibl/paperno1/index_files/rasdel/13.doc">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kscnet.ru%2Fivs%2Fbibl%2Fpaperno1%2Findex_files%2Frasdel%2F13.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regim-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regim_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regim_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFВиктория_Антошина2015" class="citation journal cs1">Виктория Антошина (October 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primamedia.ru/news/society/12.10.2015/466575/zakritiy-na-40-let-vladivostok-shtamp-zp-v-pasporte-fartsovka-i-fal.html">"Закрытый на 40 лет Владивосток: штамп "ЗП" в паспорте, фарцовка и фальшивые портовики"</a>. <i>PrimaMedia.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814172341/http://primamedia.ru/news/society/12.10.2015/466575/zakritiy-na-40-let-vladivostok-shtamp-zp-v-pasporte-fartsovka-i-fal.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PrimaMedia.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0+40+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%3A+%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF+%22%D0%97%D0%9F%22+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%2C+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.date=2015-10-12&rft.au=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F12.10.2015%2F466575%2Fzakritiy-na-40-let-vladivostok-shtamp-zp-v-pasporte-fartsovka-i-fal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history8-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history8_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history8_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history8_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history8_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFВласов_С._А.2010" class="citation web cs1">Власов С. А. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ojkum.ru/arc/lib/2010_03_05.pdf">"Владивосток в годы хрущевской "оттепели"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160827034713/http://ojkum.ru/arc/lib/2010_03_05.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D1%85%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%22%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%22&rft.date=2010&rft.au=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1.+%D0%90.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fojkum.ru%2Farc%2Flib%2F2010_03_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFАлександр_Львович_Ткачев2011" class="citation web cs1">Александр Львович Ткачев (April 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alltopprim.ru/archives/580">"Первый визит президента США / First Visit of an American President"</a>. alltopprim.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701115305/http://alltopprim.ru/archives/580">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90+%2F+First+Visit+of+an+American+President&rft.pub=alltopprim.ru&rft.date=2011-04-27&rft.au=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87+%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falltopprim.ru%2Farchives%2F580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220190901/http://graph.document.kremlin.ru/page.aspx?1219270">"УКАЗ Президента РСФСР от 20.09.1991 N 123 "ОБ ОТКРЫТИИ Г. ВЛАДИВОСТОКА ДЛЯ ПОСЕЩЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫМИ ГРАЖДАНАМИ"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kremlin.ru" title="Kremlin.ru">kremlin.ru</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graph.document.kremlin.ru/page.aspx?1219270">the original</a> on December 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Post-Cold+War+Demilitarisation+and+%22Korean+Trading+Diaspora%22+in+Vladivostok%3A+the+Past+and+Present&rft.degree=Ph.+D+in+Planning+Studies&rft.inst=University+College%2C+University+of+London&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Iijima&rft.aufirst=Yasuo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F10123389%2F1%2FIijima_10123389_thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF예" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">예, 지숙, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0033537">"신한촌 (新韓村)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">Encyclopedia of Korean Culture</a></i> (in Korean), <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Korean_Studies" title="Academy of Korean Studies">Academy of Korean Studies</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401194552/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0033537">archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%9C%EC%B4%8C+%28%E6%96%B0%E9%9F%93%E6%9D%91%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Korean+Culture&rft.pub=Academy+of+Korean+Studies&rft.aulast=%EC%98%88&rft.aufirst=%EC%A7%80%EC%88%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencykorea.aks.ac.kr%2FArticle%2FE0033537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Novaya-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Novaya_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЕгор_Кузьмичев2014" class="citation web cs1">Егор Кузьмичев (September 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808061937/http://www.novayagazeta-vlad.ru/256/istoriya/yaponskaya-mozaika-i-estonskie-korni.html">"Японская "Мозаика" и эстонские "Корни"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a>. 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Население по национальности и владению русским языком"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Приморскстат РФ</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/primstat/resources/a75557804fafc402a38eabca6ff6f188/pub-04-04_Терр%3D05000000.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%A0%D0%A4&rft.atitle=4.+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimstat.gks.ru%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Frosstat_ts%2Fprimstat%2Fresources%2Fa75557804fafc402a38eabca6ff6f188%2Fpub-04-04_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%253D05000000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rad_stats-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rad_stats_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rad_stats_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706230818/http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/118673/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/56406c10-2faa-4bb1-98dd-189045b0b62b/en/Russian_Analytical_Digest_82.pdf">"Putin Is Turning Vladivostok into Russia's Pacific Capital"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Russia Analytical Digest</i> (82). Institute of History, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland: <span class="nowrap">9–</span>12. July 12, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/118673/ipublicationdocument_singledocument/56406c10-2faa-4bb1-98dd-189045b0b62b/en/Russian_Analytical_Digest_82.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russia+Analytical+Digest&rft.atitle=Putin+Is+Turning+Vladivostok+into+Russia%27s+Pacific+Capital&rft.issue=82&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2010-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkms1.isn.ethz.ch%2Fserviceengine%2FFiles%2FISN%2F118673%2Fipublicationdocument_singledocument%2F56406c10-2faa-4bb1-98dd-189045b0b62b%2Fen%2FRussian_Analytical_Digest_82.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rp_oliphant-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rp_oliphant_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rp_oliphant_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliphant2010" class="citation journal cs1">Oliphant, Roland (2010). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pma.ru/porti/vladivostok/">the original</a> on August 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pma.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pma.ru%2Fporti%2Fvladivostok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morport.com/rus/news/document1842.shtml">"Грузооборот морских портов России за январь-декабрь 2016 г."</a> <i>morport.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121070958/http://www.morport.com/rus/news/document1842.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fissledovanie-i-analiz-torgovyh-ogranicheniy-vneshney-torgovli-v-gorode-vladivostok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFТатьяна_Сушенцова2016" class="citation web cs1">Татьяна Сушенцова (June 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dvkapital.ru/dkproject/dfo_20.06.2016_8385_primorskij-kraj-est-chem-vpechatlitsja.html">"Приморский край: есть чем впечатлиться"</a>. <i>Дальневосточный капитал</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916023113/http://dvkapital.ru/dkproject/dfo_20.06.2016_8385_primorskij-kraj-est-chem-vpechatlitsja.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novayagazeta-vlad.ru/340/ekonomika/vlasteliny-vostochnogo-kolca.html">the original</a> on June 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B0&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.au=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novayagazeta-vlad.ru%2F340%2Fekonomika%2Fvlasteliny-vostochnogo-kolca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourism2-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tourism2_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formirovanie-turistskoy-identichnosti-g-vladivostoka-v-kontekste-brenda-vladivostok-morskie-vorota-rossii">"Формирование туристской идентичности г. Владивостока в контексте бренда: "Владивосток — морские ворота России"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CyberLeninka" title="CyberLeninka">CyberLeninka</a></i>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815214154/http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formirovanie-turistskoy-identichnosti-g-vladivostoka-v-kontekste-brenda-vladivostok-morskie-vorota-rossii">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B3.+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A+%22%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+%E2%80%94+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%22&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fformirovanie-turistskoy-identichnosti-g-vladivostoka-v-kontekste-brenda-vladivostok-morskie-vorota-rossii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ozdorovitelnyy-turizm-kak-faktor-razvitiya-territorii-na-primere-poberezhya-zaliva-petra-velikogo-yaponskoe-more">"Оздоровительный туризм как фактор развития территории на примере побережья залива Петра Великого, Японское море"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CyberLeninka" title="CyberLeninka">CyberLeninka</a></i>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815195754/http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ozdorovitelnyy-turizm-kak-faktor-razvitiya-territorii-na-primere-poberezhya-zaliva-petra-velikogo-yaponskoe-more">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fozdorovitelnyy-turizm-kak-faktor-razvitiya-territorii-na-primere-poberezhya-zaliva-petra-velikogo-yaponskoe-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Higgins2017" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Higgins (July 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/world/europe/russia-vladivostok-gambling-casinos.html">"In Russia's Far East, a Fledgling Las Vegas for Asia's Gamblers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704105616/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/world/europe/russia-vladivostok-gambling-casinos.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Russia%27s+Far+East%2C+a+Fledgling+Las+Vegas+for+Asia%27s+Gamblers&rft.date=2017-07-01&rft.au=Andrew+Higgins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-vladivostok-gambling-casinos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeldi_Specter2019" class="citation web cs1">Heldi Specter (November 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamblingnews.com/news/primorye-gamblng-zone-to-welcome-at-least-11-casinos/">"Primorye Gamblng Zone to Welcome at Least 11 Casinos"</a>. <i>Gambling News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025221707/https://www.gamblingnews.com/news/primorye-gamblng-zone-to-welcome-at-least-11-casinos/">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gambling+News&rft.atitle=Primorye+Gamblng+Zone+to+Welcome+at+Least+11+Casinos&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.au=Heldi+Specter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamblingnews.com%2Fnews%2Fprimorye-gamblng-zone-to-welcome-at-least-11-casinos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ino1-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ino1_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFТакаюки_Танака2016" class="citation web cs1">Такаюки Танака (May 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inosmi.ru/social/20160516/236546498.html">"Судьба развития Дальнего Востока — в руках казино: Владивосток привлекает азиатских клиентов"</a>. <a href="/wiki/InoSMI" title="InoSMI">inoSMI</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160621133851/http://inosmi.ru/social/20160516/236546498.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%3A+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=inoSMI&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft.au=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finosmi.ru%2Fsocial%2F20160516%2F236546498.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbc-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rbc_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbc_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОльга_Цыбульская2015" class="citation web cs1">Ольга Цыбульская (May 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbcplus.ru/news/55602c987a8aa90143976f79">"Во Владивостоке хорошие деловые перспективы"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">РБК</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809064159/http://www.rbcplus.ru/news/55602c987a8aa90143976f79">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D0%91%D0%9A&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.au=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbcplus.ru%2Fnews%2F55602c987a8aa90143976f79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourism1-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tourism1_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-struktury-regionalnogo-turistskogo-kompleksa-primorskogo-kraya-rossii">"Анализ структуры регионального туристического комплекса Приморского края России"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CyberLeninka" title="CyberLeninka">CyberLeninka</a></i>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806171616/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-struktury-regionalnogo-turistskogo-kompleksa-primorskogo-kraya-rossii">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fanaliz-struktury-regionalnogo-turistskogo-kompleksa-primorskogo-kraya-rossii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ria.ru/vl/20130918/963884375.html">"Три школы Владивостока вошли в перечень "Топ-500 школ РФ"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a></i>. September 18, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819171320/http://ria.ru/vl/20130918/963884375.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%22%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF-500+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%A0%D0%A4%22&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2Fvl%2F20130918%2F963884375.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFАнна_Бондаренко2016" class="citation web cs1">Анна Бондаренко (September 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2016/09/01/reg-dfo/v-primore-otkrylsia-filial-vaganovskoj-akademii-baleta.html">"В Приморье открылся филиал Вагановской Академии балета"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911151948/https://rg.ru/2016/09/01/reg-dfo/v-primore-otkrylsia-filial-vaganovskoj-akademii-baleta.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.au=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2016%2F09%2F01%2Freg-dfo%2Fv-primore-otkrylsia-filial-vaganovskoj-akademii-baleta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/52783">"Выступление на встрече с воспитанниками филиала Нахимовского военно-морского училища во Владивостоке"</a>. Президент России. August 31, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190901213708/http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/52783">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CyberLeninka&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BA+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyberleninka.ru%2Farticle%2Fn%2Fnovye-vozmozhnosti-vysshego-obrazovaniya-na-dalnem-vostoke-rossii-ot-vostochnogo-instituta-k-dalnevostochnomu-federalnomu-universitetu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallery-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gallery_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gallery_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-seti-hudozhestvennyh-muzeev-v-primorskom-krae">"Развитие сети художественных музеев в Приморском крае"</a>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817055858/https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-seti-hudozhestvennyh-muzeev-v-primorskom-krae">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novayagazeta-vlad.ru/328/kultura/sol-sovremennogo-iskusstva.html">the original</a> on August 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=East+by+Far+East%3A+Vladivostok+Rocks&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.aulast=Ryzik&rft.aufirst=Melena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F08%2F29%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Feast-by-far-east-vladivostok-rocks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://primamedia.ru/news/467954/">"Семь фестивалей, 14 оперных и балетных спектаклей — два года Приморского оперного театра"</a>. <i>PrimaMedia.ru</i>. October 19, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191107030906/https://primamedia.ru/news/467954/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PrimaMedia.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C+%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+14+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%E2%80%94+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2F467954%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315110048/http://primopera.ru/splash_page/primorsky_splash_page.html">"Приморский филиал Мариинского театра"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primopera.ru/splash_page/primorsky_splash_page.html">the original</a> on March 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimopera.ru%2Fsplash_page%2Fprimorsky_splash_page.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarrs" class="citation web cs1">Starrs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://primopera.ru/en/">"Russian Opera house"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102150/http://primopera.ru/en/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Opera+house&rft.au=Starrs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprimopera.ru%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121222016/http://www.arseniev.org/about/?s=2">"Музей истории Дальнего Востока имени В.К. Арсеньева"</a>. <i>Приморский музей имени Арсеньева</i>. July 6, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arseniev.org/about/?s=2">the original</a> on January 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%92.%D0%9A.+%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.date=2018-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farseniev.org%2Fabout%2F%3Fs%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ria.ru/vl/20131029/973267193.html">"Кинотеатры Владивостока: где Dolby Digital и 3D, где храмы и руины"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a></i>. December 29, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918134423/https://ria.ru/vl/20131029/973267193.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RIA+Novosti&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5+Dolby+Digital+%D0%B8+3D%2C+%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2013-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2Fvl%2F20131029%2F973267193.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171114055200/http://kbanda.ru/index.php/film-and-theater/103-8-sentyabrya-vo-vladivostoke-nachinaetsya-mezhdunarodnyj-kinofestival-qmeridiany-tikhogoq.html">"8 сентября во Владивостоке начинается международный кинофестиваль "Меридианы Тихого"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>kbanda.ru</i>. September 12, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kbanda.ru/index.php/film-and-theater/103-8-sentyabrya-vo-vladivostoke-nachinaetsya-mezhdunarodnyj-kinofestival-qmeridiany-tikhogoq.html">the original</a> on November 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kbanda.ru&rft.atitle=8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%22&rft.date=2011-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkbanda.ru%2Findex.php%2Ffilm-and-theater%2F103-8-sentyabrya-vo-vladivostoke-nachinaetsya-mezhdunarodnyj-kinofestival-qmeridiany-tikhogoq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinobusiness.com/news/imax-prikhodit-na-dalniy-vostok/">"IMAX приходит на Дальний Восток"</a>. <i>kinobusiness.com</i>. December 11, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815202031/http://www.kinobusiness.com/news/imax-prikhodit-na-dalniy-vostok/">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kinobusiness.com&rft.atitle=IMAX+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft.date=2014-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinobusiness.com%2Fnews%2Fimax-prikhodit-na-dalniy-vostok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://primamedia.ru/news/501189/">"Закулисье театра имени Максима Горького: швейный цех, большие склады и маленькие гримерки"</a>. <i>PrimaMedia.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115071416/https://primamedia.ru/news/501189/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PrimaMedia.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%3A+%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%85%2C+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2F501189%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFФалалеева_А._В.2014" class="citation web cs1">Фалалеева А. В. (March 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819133611/http://cbs.fokino25.ru/?id=388">"Театр, театр, театр…(о театрах города Владивостока)"</a>. <i>cbs.fokino25.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbs.fokino25.ru/?id=388">the original</a> on August 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbs.fokino25.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%2C+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%2C+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%E2%80%A6%28%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%29&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.au=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%90.+%D0%92.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbs.fokino25.ru%2F%3Fid%3D388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://primamedia.ru/news/515234/">"В Приморском театре кукол побывало более 50 тысяч зрителей на 500 спектаклях в 2015 году"</a>. <i>PrimaMedia.ru</i>. June 29, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191107030850/https://primamedia.ru/news/515234/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PrimaMedia.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+50+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87+%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0+500+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%B2+2015+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprimamedia.ru%2Fnews%2F515234%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004135430/https://www.newsvl.ru/sport/2022/08/21/211556/">"Первые гонки регаты «Кубок залива Петра Великого» завершились победой экипажей из Владивостока и Находки (ФОТО) – Новости Владивостока на VL.ru"</a>. <i>www.newsvl.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsvl.ru/sport/2022/08/21/211556/">the original</a> on October 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newsvl.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B+%C2%AB%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%C2%BB+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8+%28%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E%29+%E2%80%93+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+VL.ru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsvl.ru%2Fsport%2F2022%2F08%2F21%2F211556%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ecocenter-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ecocenter_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreobrazhenskyBuragoShlykov" class="citation web cs1">Preobrazhensky, B. V.; Burago, A. I.; Shlykov, S. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819052320/http://www.fegi.ru/ecology/e_sit/aqua_e.htm">"Primorye Ecology: Contamination of sea and water area"</a>. <i>fegi.ru</i>. Far East Geological Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fegi.ru/ecology/e_sit/aqua_e.htm">the original</a> on August 19, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fegi.ru&rft.atitle=Primorye+Ecology%3A+Contamination+of+sea+and+water+area&rft.aulast=Preobrazhensky&rft.aufirst=B.+V.&rft.au=Burago%2C+A.+I.&rft.au=Shlykov%2C+S.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fegi.ru%2Fecology%2Fe_sit%2Faqua_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interfax-russia.ru/far-east/news/ushcherb-fermeram-primorya-ot-tayfuna-sanba-ocenivaetsya-v-40-mln-rub"><bdi lang="ru">Ущерб фермерам Приморья от тайфуна "Санба" оценивается в 40 млн руб</bdi></a> (in Russian). Interfax. September 19, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527231635/https://www.interfax-russia.ru/far-east/news/ushcherb-fermeram-primorya-ot-tayfuna-sanba-ocenivaetsya-v-40-mln-rub">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1+%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0+%22%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%22+%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+40+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BD+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax-russia.ru%2Ffar-east%2Fnews%2Fushcherb-fermeram-primorya-ot-tayfuna-sanba-ocenivaetsya-v-40-mln-rub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/31960.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Климат Владивостока</bdi></a> [Climate of Vladivostok]. <i>Погода и Климат (Weather and Climate)</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227214532/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/31960.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82+%28Weather+and+Climate%29&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F31960.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/31960.htm">"Climate Vladivostok"</a>. Pogoda.ru.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Vladivostok&rft.pub=Pogoda.ru.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F31960.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/Vladivostok_31960.csv">"VLADIVOSTOK 1961–1990"</a>. NOAA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VLADIVOSTOK+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-2-WMO-Normals-9120%2FRussianFederation%2FCSV%2FVladivostok_31960.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://russia.pogoda360.ru/877550/">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407155225/http://www.vlc.ru/city/tourism/Goroda-pobratimy">"Города-побратимы"</a>. <i>vlc.ru</i> (in Russian). Vladivostok. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlc.ru/city/tourism/Goroda-pobratimy">the original</a> on April 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vlc.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlc.ru%2Fcity%2Ftourism%2FGoroda-pobratimy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gkd-kremlin.ru/">"Пин Ап Казино — Официальный сайт Pin Up Casino: вход в личный кабинет"</a>. <i>www.gkd-kremlin.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727090023/http://www.gkd-kremlin.ru/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gkd-kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%90%D0%BF+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE+%E2%80%94+%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82+Pin+Up+Casino%3A+%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B2+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gkd-kremlin.ru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vladnews.ru/2010/07/02/31407.html">Во Владивостоке открыт сквер городов-побратимов</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817041820/http://vladnews.ru/2010/07/02/31407.html">Archived</a> August 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (In Russian). Retrieved July 19, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dianaankudinova.ru/biografiya">"About Diana"</a>. <i>dianaankudinova.ru</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127060824/https://dianaankudinova.ru/biografiya/">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dianaankudinova.ru&rft.atitle=About+Diana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdianaankudinova.ru%2Fbiografiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №161-КЗ от 14 ноября 2001 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края», в ред. Закона №673-КЗ от 6 октября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Приморского края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Приморского края"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красное знамя Приморья", №69 (119), 29 ноября 2001 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai. Law #161-KZ of November 14, 2001 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Primorsky Krai</i>, as amended by the Law #673-KZ of October 6, 2015 <i>On Amending the Law of Primorsky Krai "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Primorsky Krai"</i>. Effective as of the official publication date.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Законодательное Собрание Приморского края. Закон №179-КЗ от 6 декабря 2004 г. «О Владивостокском городском округе», в ред. Закона №48-КЗ от 7 июня 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Приморского края "О Владивостокском городском округе"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Ведомости Законодательного Собрания Приморского края", №76, 7 декабря 2004 г.</span></span> (Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai. Law #179-KZ of December 6, 2004 <i>On Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug</i>, as amended by the Law #48-KZ of June 7, 2012 <i>On Amending the Law of Primorsky Krai "On Vladivostoksky Urban Okrug"</i>. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Margaret_Faulstich" title="Edith Margaret Faulstich">Faulstich, Edith. M.</a> "The Siberian Sojourn" <a href="/wiki/Yonkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Yonkers">Yonkers</a>, N.Y. (1972–1977)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarangoa2014" class="citation book cs1">Narangoa, Li (2014). <i>Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590–2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231160704" title="Special:BookSources/9780231160704"><bdi>9780231160704</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+Northeast+Asia%2C+1590%E2%80%932010%3A+Korea%2C+Manchuria%2C+Mongolia%2C+Eastern+Siberia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780231160704&rft.aulast=Narangoa&rft.aufirst=Li&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladivostok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Poznyak, Tatyana Z. 2004. Foreign Citizens in the Cities of the Russian Far East (the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries). Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2004. 316 p. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-8044-0461-X" title="Special:BookSources/5-8044-0461-X">5-8044-0461-X</a>).</li> <li>Stephan, John. 1994. The Far East a History. Stanford: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, 1994. 481 p.</li> <li>Trofimov, Vladimir et al., 1992, <i>Old Vladivostok</i>. Utro Rossii Vladivostok, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-87080-004-8" title="Special:BookSources/5-87080-004-8">5-87080-004-8</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Vladivostok#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Vladivostok">Bibliography of the history of Vladivostok</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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title="n:Category:Vladivostok">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Vladivostok" class="extiw" title="q:Vladivostok">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vladivostok" class="extiw" title="voy:Vladivostok">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959" class="extiw" title="d:Q959">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlc.ru">Official website of Vladivostok</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101113013846/http://www.vlc.ru/">Archived</a> November 13, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/vladivostok_1912.jpg">Historical Map of Vladivostok (1912)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry%E2%80%93Casta%C3%B1eda_Library" title="Perry–Castañeda Library">Perry–Castañeda Library</a> Map Collection, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a>, Austin.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bM6_sMRn2-g"><span class="plainlinks">Timelapse video of Vladivostok</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Primorsky_Krai355" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Primorsky_Krai" title="Template:Primorsky Krai"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Primorsky_Krai" title="Template talk:Primorsky Krai"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Primorsky_Krai" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Primorsky Krai"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Primorsky_Krai355" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Primorsky_Krai" title="Administrative divisions of Primorsky Krai">Administrative divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladivostok</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Primorsky_Krai" title="List of rural localities in Primorsky Krai">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raion#Russian_Federation" title="Raion">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuchinsky_District" title="Anuchinsky District">Anuchinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernigovsky_District" title="Chernigovsky District">Chernigovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuguyevsky_District" title="Chuguyevsky District">Chuguyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalnerechensky_District" title="Dalnerechensky District">Dalnerechensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalerovsky_District" title="Kavalerovsky District">Kavalerovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khankaysky_District" title="Khankaysky District">Khankaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasansky_District" title="Khasansky District">Khasansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorolsky_District" title="Khorolsky District">Khorolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovsky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Kirovsky District, Primorsky Krai">Kirovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoarmeysky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Krasnoarmeysky District, Primorsky Krai">Krasnoarmeysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazovsky_District" title="Lazovsky District">Lazovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhaylovsky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Mikhaylovsky District, Primorsky Krai">Mikhaylovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhdinsky_District" title="Nadezhdinsky District">Nadezhdinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Oktyabrsky District, Primorsky Krai">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olginsky_District" title="Olginsky District">Olginsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partizansky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Partizansky District, Primorsky Krai">Partizansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogranichny_District" title="Pogranichny District">Pogranichny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozharsky_District" title="Pozharsky District">Pozharsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkotovsky_District" title="Shkotovsky District">Shkotovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spassky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Spassky District, Primorsky Krai">Spassky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terneysky_District" title="Terneysky District">Terneysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlevsky_District,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Yakovlevsky District, Primorsky Krai">Yakovlevsky</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Primorsky Krai"><img alt="Coat of arms of Primorsky Krai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg/60px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Primorsky_Krai.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">Cities and towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenyev" title="Arsenyev">Arsenyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artyom,_Russia" title="Artyom, Russia">Artyom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Kamen" title="Bolshoy Kamen">Bolshoy Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalnegorsk" title="Dalnegorsk">Dalnegorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalnerechensk" title="Dalnerechensk">Dalnerechensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokino,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Fokino, Primorsky Krai">Fokino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesozavodsk" title="Lesozavodsk">Lesozavodsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhodka" title="Nakhodka">Nakhodka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partizansk" title="Partizansk">Partizansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spassk-Dalny" title="Spassk-Dalny">Spassk-Dalny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussuriysk" title="Ussuriysk">Ussuriysk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladivostok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunay,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Dunay, Primorsky Krai">Dunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornorechensky" title="Gornorechensky">Gornorechensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorny,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Gorny, Primorsky Krai">Gorny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornye_Klyuchi" title="Gornye Klyuchi">Gornye Klyuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalerovo" title="Kavalerovo">Kavalerovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasan_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Khasan (urban-type settlement)">Khasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrustalny" title="Khrustalny">Khrustalny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovsky,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Kirovsky, Primorsky Krai">Kirovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraskino" title="Kraskino">Kraskino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipovtsy" title="Lipovtsy">Lipovtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchegorsk" title="Luchegorsk">Luchegorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoshakhtinsky" title="Novoshakhtinsky">Novoshakhtinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga,_Russia" title="Olga, Russia">Olga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastun_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Plastun (urban-type settlement)">Plastun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogranichny,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai">Pogranichny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posyet" title="Posyet">Posyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preobrazheniye,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Preobrazheniye, Primorsky Krai">Preobrazheniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsky,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky, Primorsky Krai">Primorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putyatin_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Putyatin (urban-type settlement)">Putyatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkotovo" title="Shkotovo">Shkotovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibirtsevo" title="Sibirtsevo">Sibirtsevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavyanka,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Slavyanka, Primorsky Krai">Slavyanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolyaninovo" title="Smolyaninovo">Smolyaninovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlaya,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Svetlaya, Primorsky Krai">Svetlaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terney" title="Terney">Terney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Vostok, Primorsky Krai">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavsky,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Yaroslavsky, Primorsky Krai">Yaroslavsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarubino,_Primorsky_Krai" title="Zarubino, Primorsky Krai">Zarubino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_Far_East87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_Far_East" title="Template:Russian Far East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_Far_East" title="Template talk:Russian Far East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_Far_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian Far East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_Far_East87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_the_Russian_Far_East" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in the Russian Far East">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Far Eastern economic region">Far Eastern economic region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Republic" title="Far Eastern Republic">Far Eastern Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia" title="Indigenous peoples of Siberia">Indigenous peoples of Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern Military District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subjects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish Autonomous Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_Krai" title="Khabarovsk Krai">Khabarovsk Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan_Oblast" title="Magadan Oblast">Magadan Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky Krai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Largest cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladivostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulan-Ude" title="Ulan-Ude">Ulan-Ude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chita,_Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai">Chita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolsk-on-Amur" title="Komsomolsk-on-Amur">Komsomolsk-on-Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutsk" title="Yakutsk">Yakutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk" title="Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk">Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhodka" title="Nakhodka">Nakhodka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussuriysk" title="Ussuriysk">Ussuriysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan" title="Magadan">Magadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birobidzhan" title="Birobidzhan">Birobidzhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_Military_Glory_of_Russia152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Military_Glory" title="Template:Cities of Military Glory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Military_Glory" title="Template talk:Cities of Military Glory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Military_Glory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Military Glory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_Military_Glory_of_Russia152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Military_Glory" title="City of Military Glory">Cities of Military Glory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Feodosia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalach-na-Donu" title="Kalach-na-Donu">Kalach-na-Donu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozelsk" title="Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luga,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Luga, Leningrad Oblast">Luga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgobek" title="Malgobek">Malgobek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melitopol" title="Melitopol">Melitopol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsk" title="Naro-Fominsk">Naro-Fominsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyarny,_Murmansk_Oblast" title="Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast">Polyarny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzhev" title="Rzhev">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staraya_Russa" title="Staraya Russa">Staraya Russa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhvin" title="Tikhvin">Tikhvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuapse" title="Tuapse">Tuapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velikiye_Luki" title="Velikiye Luki">Velikiye Luki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladivostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyazma" title="Vyazma">Vyazma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Vyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelets" title="Yelets">Yelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelnya,_Yelninsky_District,_Smolensk_Oblast" title="Yelnya, Yelninsky District, Smolensk Oblast">Yelnya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>In italics are cities internationally recognized as part of Ukraine occupied by Russia.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_historical_placenames_in_Outer_Manchuria52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_historical_placenames_in_Outer_Manchuria" title="Template:Chinese historical placenames in Outer Manchuria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Chinese_historical_placenames_in_Outer_Manchuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Chinese historical placenames in Outer Manchuria (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_historical_placenames_in_Outer_Manchuria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese historical placenames in Outer Manchuria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_historical_placenames_in_Outer_Manchuria52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chinese historical placenames in <a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vladivostok</a> (Haishenwai)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ussuriysk" title="Ussuriysk">Ussuriysk</a> (Shuangchengzi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a> (Boli)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a> (Hailanpao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhalin Island">Sakhalin Island</a> (Kuyedao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerchinsk" title="Nerchinsk">Nerchinsk</a> (Nibuchu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolayevsk-on-Amur" title="Nikolayevsk-on-Amur">Nikolayevsk-on-Amur</a> (Miaojie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanovoy_Range" title="Stanovoy Range">Stanovoy Range</a> (Waixing'anling)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2056" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2056" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4119146-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79116464">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119769785">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119769785">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628267">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vladivostok (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge200790&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552618105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060987469506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/deebd9e3-4536-4df5-9ce4-d5a3f603121d">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/168672804">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045047">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=35057">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\V\L\Vladivostok">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&oldid=1274673501">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladivostok&oldid=1274673501</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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