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{"slots":{"leaderboardac\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442752,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482910,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6405122","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_leaderboardac_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324028","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830415","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442744,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482906,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515377","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_leaderboard-fixed_728x90_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324019","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830413","type":"display"}}]},"leaderboard-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442752,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482910,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515239","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_leaderboard-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324026","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830415","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442754,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482911,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515240","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_square-fixed_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324035","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830417","type":"display"}}]},"square-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442762,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482915,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4515244","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_square-flex_300x600_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324040","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830421","type":"display"}}]},"preroll":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"type":"instream","supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"type":"instream","zoneId":2442764,"accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"type":"instream","placementId":25482916}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"type":"instream","adSlot":"4515245","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"type":"instream","inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_preroll_pbc2s"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"type":"instream","unit":"561365608","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"type":"instream","siteId":"830422"}}]},"leaderboardfooter-flex\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":2442744,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":25482906,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"4632128","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"TreeHugger_leaderboardfooter-flex_970x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324033","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"830413","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed-comments\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3546596,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34080855,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6234518","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"treehugger_square-fixed-comments_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561324037","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1137162","type":"display"}}]},"square-fixed-replies\/tier1":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"zoneId":3601304,"type":"display","accountId":7499,"siteId":426888}},{"bidder":"appnexus","params":{"placementId":34330405,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"adSlot":"6389441","type":"display","publisherId":"158139"}},{"bidder":"triplelift","params":{"inventoryCode":"treehugger_square-fixed-replies_300x250_pbc2s","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"unit":"561381995","type":"display","delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net"}},{"bidder":"ix","params":{"siteId":"1146798","type":"display"}}]}},"default":{"prebid":[{"bidder":"ttd","params":{"supplySourceId":"dotdash","publisherId":"1","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"rubicon","params":{"accountId":7499,"siteId":426888,"type":"display"}},{"bidder":"pubmatic","params":{"publisherId":"158139","type":"display"}},{"bidder":"openx","params":{"delDomain":"meredith-d.openx.net","type":"display"}}],"prebidModules":["prebid-core.js","rtdModule.js","allowActivities.js","atsAnalyticsAdapter.js","consentManagementTcf.js","criteoIdSystem.js","debugging.js","dfpAdServerVideo.js","iasRtdProvider.js","identityLinkIdSystem.js","liveIntentIdSystem.js","paapi.js","paapiForGpt.js","pairIdSystem.js","prebidServerBidAdapter.js","priceFloors.js","sharedIdSystem.js","tcfControl.js","uid2IdSystem.js","unifiedIdSystem.js","userId.js","appnexusBidAdapter.js","ixBidAdapter.js","pubmaticBidAdapter.js","rubiconBidAdapter.js","ttdBidAdapter.js","tripleliftBidAdapter.js","openxBidAdapter.js"],"refresh":{"timedRefresh":0,"timeoutRefreshOnceOnly":false,"fiftyPercentAdRefresh":true}},"ab":[]}; console.log('✅ Libra is loaded!'); window.MMads = window.MMads || {}; MMads.adConfigAPI = MMads.adConfigAPI || {}; // prebidConfig (function(){ const mantleDependencies = { } ; const pageTargeting = { customSeries: '' ,abtest: 'lcid1' ,tax0: 'Treehugger' ,rid: 'nda69e64a331e48b88cd69ab2a2b7a1bb06' ,custom: '' ,sid: 'nda69e64a331e48b88cd69ab2a2b7a1bb06' } ; const baseSlotTargeting = { gtemplate: 'article' ,leaid: '249652' ,revenueGroup: '' ,docId: '5235512' ,viewtype: 'news' ,type: 'article' ,tax1: 'tree_news' ,tax2: 'tree_treehugger-voices' ,t: '110' ,au: '156569' ,tier: 'L' ,jny: '0' ,leuid: '165220947941617' ,sbj: '' ,id: '5235512' ,aid: '' ,jnyroot: '' } ; const adLazyOffset = {'mob-square-fixed-intro-1': 750}; pageTargeting.mtax = ['32785','22373','22369','32843']; pageTargeting.w = Mntl.utilities.getW(); const initialSlots = []; initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'leaderboard-flex-1', sizes: [[728, 90], [970,90], [970, 250]], type: 'leaderboard', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 1 }) }); initialSlots.push({ config: { id: 'square-flex-1', sizes: [[300, 250],[300, 600],[300, 1050],[160, 600]], type: 'square', rtb: true, timedRefresh: 0, waitForThirdParty: false }, targeting: Mntl.fnUtilities.deepExtend({}, { pos: 'atf', priority: 2 }) }); const testIds = Mntl.GPT.getTestIds(); pageTargeting.ab = testIds; pageTargeting.bts = testIds; Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { Mntl.utilities.loadExternalJS({ src: '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js', async: false }); }); const options = { domain: 'www.treehugger.com', templateName: 'structuredcontent', isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: true, dfpId: '3865', publisherProvidedId: 'c0f7b265-6b61-46c8-acbb-09d3ad4f3bb1', singleRequest: false, useLmdFormat: true, useOxygen: true, prebidConfigApi: false, useInfiniteRightRail: true, loadAdsAboveViewport: false, waitForNextFramePaint: false, revenueGroupAllowList: '', lmdSiteCode: 'hlt', pageTargeting, baseSlotTargeting, adLazyOffset, geo: { isInEurope: false, isInUsa: false }, initialSlots, auctionFloors: {"billboard2":{"id":"5f49e4e5ee3f4c89ae58cbb68e002450","floor":"5"},"other":{"id":"d794ffd20380439aad318bdad5764244","floor":"50"},"billboard6":{"id":"0b26937f82a048d59fb1aeebc201d8cd","floor":"5"},"billboard5":{"id":"56de9e982a92473e91256b21a3f88ffd","floor":"5"},"billboard4":{"id":"84346fcf764f4259a446daa083ae2495","floor":"5"},"billboard3":{"id":"cce42bec050e462da42d3d50139df8a8","floor":"5"},"billboard9":{"id":"9f1616119ab340859a15f46bc8c8277c","floor":"5"},"billboard8":{"id":"9bca40355a4842f888deca94d4319dc8","floor":"5"},"billboardfooter2":{"id":"295f1ff9db1245ab8104067fa2ef3b7f","floor":"190"},"broadmatch":{"id":"5d6851bfe76d476096d595d9f9b5d5f9","floor":"5"},"billboard7":{"id":"8b49b480d3d641378f0d8e00b5ecf6c6","floor":"5"},"leaderboardac":{"id":"3730fdfa84b24958a37309252ec2c7a1","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed":{"id":"6be6d2a642d34b5b8f2dba8e728c3c20","floor":"190"},"billboardfooter":{"id":"0e4537ffffd746ef858921e87ce98f7a","floor":"190"},"leaderboardfooter2":{"id":"5e8d17f6654b44898126b32b11111e66","floor":"190"},"leaderboard-flex-1":{"id":"8e1ce01e5ece45069a3e59bd1a72a68b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-flex-2":{"id":"16bd97d01934434192cf4e92761ed124","floor":"5"},"square-flex-2":{"id":"54b7aa4ffb924505bcafc4caa0452c5c","floor":"5"},"square-flex-1":{"id":"13945ae5ecf74692ac02033ec162f689","floor":"5"},"adhesive":{"id":"2d098f176f6d4b3cbc4ea9603d5d2f5e","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-4":{"id":"729b38c7fab5474a8f48ef7f80dc269a","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-3":{"id":"5373b91a9d964cdaabcfde106977e045","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-2":{"id":"19c6a200dbd84b2a95c2676aec3106b9","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-1":{"id":"745fa10f6f7b4ee7a3033151886c10dc","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-1":{"id":"10ef76de2867492eb2013069b0e412d3","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-8":{"id":"16a832ebc8f94fa4b64e4ee1e46e7d47","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-8":{"id":"f1ed636c2a26404583e0d4226e73d79c","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-7":{"id":"2def2095eb864cf1bbd796b94187da74","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-9":{"id":"55ffe74645264ef6b68de196192c5914","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-6":{"id":"579fbd0359e0432788132f1cb7d41a7b","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-2":{"id":"d839aa4e231940acb609c74d73092a1b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-5":{"id":"6cb1d762fdb7455597a2e12e84f59906","floor":"160"},"square-fixed-5":{"id":"ea1c5e10c76846c4ab192952aa4ca095","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-1":{"id":"e63757d1745e41d7925b78d975e909ad","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-6":{"id":"65768a185a44468e8db4471fa332dc0d","floor":"190"},"billboard":{"id":"060b5825655e4708abc578d57c39e19b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard":{"id":"2a122866323842adbeb3f527be05a381","floor":"160"},"inline":{"id":"e5fc3ef38b274b05a793ba3fbe560c7d","floor":"5"},"square-fixed":{"id":"9852c24deded45e78571070776805483","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter":{"id":"dc4dcef6bd7643cc9c1cee93fde823fc","floor":"160"},"dynamic-inline":{"id":"f550e272ddba4a8595ab98735e3d808f","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-9":{"id":"b2cfd69896fa4b2a9eb3b2ea508e69c6","floor":"5"},"mob-adhesive-banner-fixed":{"id":"3df9d98c5d3f42a48e492dcb4cac7e95","floor":"5"},"billboard10":{"id":"502a5573a4b24f55a549b5080abef1dc","floor":"5"},"billboard11":{"id":"5401edc2e40b4b73ae9bc23662092e7b","floor":"5"},"primary":{"id":"7223a9eecb424a5fb1e7649cc23f2ea5","floor":"5"}}, utils: { generateSlotId: Green.GPT.generateSlotId, buildGptUrl: Green.GPT.buildGptUrl }, displayOnScroll: false, displayOnConsent: true, adsToCollapse: ['leaderboard*','square*'], refreshConfig: { 'defaultConfig': { timedRefresh: 0, userClickRefreshSelector: "", timeoutRefreshOnceOnly: false, fiftyPercentAdRefresh: true, sizeOverrides: null } } }; if (Mntl.AdMetrics) { Mntl.AdMetrics.init("5235512", "nda69e64a331e48b88cd69ab2a2b7a1bb06", initialSlots.map(slot => slot.config.id), Date.now()); } else { Mntl.AdMetrics = { pushMetrics: () => {} }; } Mntl.GPT.setMantleDependencies(mantleDependencies); Mntl.GPT.init(options); }());window.MMads = window.MMads || {}; MMads.auctionFloors = MMads.auctionFloors || {}; MMads.auctionFloors.floorConfig = {"billboard2":{"id":"5f49e4e5ee3f4c89ae58cbb68e002450","floor":"5"},"other":{"id":"d794ffd20380439aad318bdad5764244","floor":"50"},"billboard6":{"id":"0b26937f82a048d59fb1aeebc201d8cd","floor":"5"},"billboard5":{"id":"56de9e982a92473e91256b21a3f88ffd","floor":"5"},"billboard4":{"id":"84346fcf764f4259a446daa083ae2495","floor":"5"},"billboard3":{"id":"cce42bec050e462da42d3d50139df8a8","floor":"5"},"billboard9":{"id":"9f1616119ab340859a15f46bc8c8277c","floor":"5"},"billboard8":{"id":"9bca40355a4842f888deca94d4319dc8","floor":"5"},"billboardfooter2":{"id":"295f1ff9db1245ab8104067fa2ef3b7f","floor":"190"},"broadmatch":{"id":"5d6851bfe76d476096d595d9f9b5d5f9","floor":"5"},"billboard7":{"id":"8b49b480d3d641378f0d8e00b5ecf6c6","floor":"5"},"leaderboardac":{"id":"3730fdfa84b24958a37309252ec2c7a1","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed":{"id":"6be6d2a642d34b5b8f2dba8e728c3c20","floor":"190"},"billboardfooter":{"id":"0e4537ffffd746ef858921e87ce98f7a","floor":"190"},"leaderboardfooter2":{"id":"5e8d17f6654b44898126b32b11111e66","floor":"190"},"leaderboard-flex-1":{"id":"8e1ce01e5ece45069a3e59bd1a72a68b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-flex-2":{"id":"16bd97d01934434192cf4e92761ed124","floor":"5"},"square-flex-2":{"id":"54b7aa4ffb924505bcafc4caa0452c5c","floor":"5"},"square-flex-1":{"id":"13945ae5ecf74692ac02033ec162f689","floor":"5"},"adhesive":{"id":"2d098f176f6d4b3cbc4ea9603d5d2f5e","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-4":{"id":"729b38c7fab5474a8f48ef7f80dc269a","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-3":{"id":"5373b91a9d964cdaabcfde106977e045","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-2":{"id":"19c6a200dbd84b2a95c2676aec3106b9","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-1":{"id":"745fa10f6f7b4ee7a3033151886c10dc","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-1":{"id":"10ef76de2867492eb2013069b0e412d3","floor":"5"},"square-fixed-8":{"id":"16a832ebc8f94fa4b64e4ee1e46e7d47","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-8":{"id":"f1ed636c2a26404583e0d4226e73d79c","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-7":{"id":"2def2095eb864cf1bbd796b94187da74","floor":"5"},"mob-square-fixed-9":{"id":"55ffe74645264ef6b68de196192c5914","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-6":{"id":"579fbd0359e0432788132f1cb7d41a7b","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-2":{"id":"d839aa4e231940acb609c74d73092a1b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-5":{"id":"6cb1d762fdb7455597a2e12e84f59906","floor":"160"},"square-fixed-5":{"id":"ea1c5e10c76846c4ab192952aa4ca095","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter-flex-1":{"id":"e63757d1745e41d7925b78d975e909ad","floor":"5"},"leaderboard-fixed-6":{"id":"65768a185a44468e8db4471fa332dc0d","floor":"190"},"billboard":{"id":"060b5825655e4708abc578d57c39e19b","floor":"5"},"leaderboard":{"id":"2a122866323842adbeb3f527be05a381","floor":"160"},"inline":{"id":"e5fc3ef38b274b05a793ba3fbe560c7d","floor":"5"},"square-fixed":{"id":"9852c24deded45e78571070776805483","floor":"5"},"leaderboardfooter":{"id":"dc4dcef6bd7643cc9c1cee93fde823fc","floor":"160"},"dynamic-inline":{"id":"f550e272ddba4a8595ab98735e3d808f","floor":"190"},"square-fixed-9":{"id":"b2cfd69896fa4b2a9eb3b2ea508e69c6","floor":"5"},"mob-adhesive-banner-fixed":{"id":"3df9d98c5d3f42a48e492dcb4cac7e95","floor":"5"},"billboard10":{"id":"502a5573a4b24f55a549b5080abef1dc","floor":"5"},"billboard11":{"id":"5401edc2e40b4b73ae9bc23662092e7b","floor":"5"},"primary":{"id":"7223a9eecb424a5fb1e7649cc23f2ea5","floor":"5"}}; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; // moved from gtm.ftl so we can initialize GTM only onLoad. From https://support.google.com/tagmanager/answer/6103696?hl=en Mntl.utilities.onLoad(function() { (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;defer=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type="text/javascript";f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f)})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5P3SZGS'); }); window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'ab-proctor', 'abTests-proctor': { "99-0" : "useOxygen | useOxygen | use the Oxygenated ad unit format and slot names | 1" , "99-1" : "vanillaJSLazyAdRecipeSC | active | vanillaLazyAd.js enabled | 1" , "99-2" : "useFloorSearch | active | Use Floor Search | 1" , "99-3" : "continuousScrollMobSquareFlexOffset | active | Adds offset to mob-square-fixed-1 ad on CS articles | 1" , "99-4" : "recipescDesktopAdRefresh | active | active, right rail ads timed refresh active | 1" , "99-5" : "hotjarScript | active | active test, has Hotjar. | 1" , "99-6" : "gamVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-7" : "liveIntentConnectedIdTest | control | LiveIntent ConnectedID is enabled | 0" , "99-8" : "prebidConfigApi | active | Ad Config API is enabled | 1" , "99-9" : "prebidTotalTimeoutBudget | default | default | 1" , "99-10" : "useDynamicVideoSizes | active | active | 1" , "99-11" : "gitProctorTest | control | | 0" , "99-12" : "orion | active | Active | 1" , "99-13" : "rtbLibraryLoadTimeout | default | default | 1" , "99-14" : "prebidVideoUsePlcmt | active | Pass plcmt | 1" , "99-15" : "useLiveIntentSignedInUser | active | active | 1" , "55" : "relatedArticlesAlgorithm | useRecommendationService | Enables usage of proximity API | 1" , "99-17" : "removeAdTiers | active | active | 1" , "99-18" : "useLiveRamp | active | active | 1" , "99-19" : "amazonTamBidResponseTimeout | default | default | 1" } }); window.dataLayer.push({ envData: { environment: { environment: "k8s-prod", application: 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class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.treehugger.com/news-4846010" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_5-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">News</span></a> <svg class="icon icon-dot " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-dot" href="#icon-dot"></use> </svg></li> <li id="mntl-breadcrumbs__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-breadcrumbs__item mntl-block"><a href="https://www.treehugger.com/treehugger-voices-4846082" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-text-link mntl-breadcrumbs__link" id="mntl-text-link_6-0" data-tracking-container="true" ><span class="link__wrapper">Treehugger Voices</span></a></li></ul> </div> <h1 class="article-heading type--lion">US Resumes Drilling on Public Land, Showing We Have Learned Nothing in 50 Years</h1> <p class="article-subheading type--dog">The way to deal with the endless war over oil is to reduce demand, not increase supply.</p> <div id="mntl-article-meta-dynamic_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-meta-dynamic mntl-article-meta mntl-block" data-tracking-container="true"><div id="green-bylines_1-0" class="comp green-bylines mntl-bylines"><div id="mntl-bylines__group_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--author"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_1-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item mntl-attribution__item--has-date"> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">By</span> <div data-tooltip="Lloyd Alter is Design Editor for Treehugger and teaches Sustainable Design at Ryerson University in Toronto." tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/lloyd-alter-4845355" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Lloyd Alter</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:125.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/K3sLORrcng-2OejAZjyPIurZCvc=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg" width="200" height="200" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/2CxC2FT8qdlF7owMocWt5Jco3-E=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 40w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/fXrfVuoObqAnQS-FJGFGvO-SApU=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 58w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/ipupNr4bMXnavi61keDSITUTDRE=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 76w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/EZSxur6T6YdlT4SFif5R8h701wk=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 94w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/c5-33Vj0RA_AnfEROuJ-2RJ36_A=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 112w" data-sizes="80px" alt="Lloyd Alter" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image mntl-image universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/K3sLORrcng-2OejAZjyPIurZCvc=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg" width="200" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/2CxC2FT8qdlF7owMocWt5Jco3-E=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 40w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/fXrfVuoObqAnQS-FJGFGvO-SApU=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 58w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/ipupNr4bMXnavi61keDSITUTDRE=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 76w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/EZSxur6T6YdlT4SFif5R8h701wk=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 94w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/c5-33Vj0RA_AnfEROuJ-2RJ36_A=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Lloyd-Alter-bw-883700895c6844cf9127ab9289968e93.jpg 112w" sizes="80px" alt="Lloyd Alter" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/lloyd-alter-4845355" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >Lloyd Alter</a> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__social-nav_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__social-nav green-social-nav mntl-social-nav" data-tracking-container="true"> <ul class="social-nav__list"> <li class="social-nav__item social-nav__item--facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/lloydalter" target="_blank" rel="noopener nocaes" class="social-nav__link social-nav__link--facebook" aria-label="Visit Lloyd Alter's Facebook" > <svg class="icon icon-facebook social-nav__icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-facebook" href="#icon-facebook"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <span id="mntl-author-tooltip__job-title_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__job-title mntl-text-block">Design Editor</span> <ul id="mntl-author-tooltip__education_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education mntl-block"><li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_1-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">University of Toronto</li></ul> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> Lloyd Alter is Design Editor for Treehugger and teaches Sustainable Design at Ryerson University in Toronto. </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/about-us-5024862#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >editorial process</a> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="mntl-attribution__item-date">Published April 20, 2022</div></div> <div id="mntl-bylines__group_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__group mntl-block mntl-bylines__group--fact_checker"><div id="mntl-bylines__item_2-0" class="comp mntl-bylines__item mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Fact checked by</span> <div data-tooltip="<p>Katherine Martinko is an expert in sustainable living. She holds a degree in English Literature and History from the University of Toronto.</p>" tabindex="0" data-inline-tooltip="true"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/katherine-martinko-4845359" rel="nocaes" data-trigger-link="true" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="-1" >Katherine Martinko</a> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip mntl-tooltip mntl-group"> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__top "> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__image-wrapper"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:125.0%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/RH-6veBF7dYtHt69KxVyqYzrqNs=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg" width="200" height="200" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/u7a5Vh2RLYk8mct8bbHus5oSfSw=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 40w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/lrLiOGAcy1-GQ0vc3QpH_4uFKus=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 58w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/OmrEEu-A9RL2wiNJI6LUc6nmjT0=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 76w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/qKxIlscrqSmvu_1p6nsVPApwsmE=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 94w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/s66eXKDclYqDIvqdYz32t21bus4=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 112w" data-sizes="80px" alt="Katherine Martinko" class="lazyload mntl-author-tooltip__image mntl-image universal-image__image" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/RH-6veBF7dYtHt69KxVyqYzrqNs=/200x200/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg" width="200" height="200" class="img--noscript mntl-author-tooltip__image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/u7a5Vh2RLYk8mct8bbHus5oSfSw=/40x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 40w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/lrLiOGAcy1-GQ0vc3QpH_4uFKus=/58x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 58w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/OmrEEu-A9RL2wiNJI6LUc6nmjT0=/76x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 76w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/qKxIlscrqSmvu_1p6nsVPApwsmE=/94x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 94w, https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/s66eXKDclYqDIvqdYz32t21bus4=/112x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Katherine-Martinko-bw-ae5224ea084d4d9c8acb22e51074339f.jpg 112w" sizes="80px" alt="Katherine Martinko" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <div id="mntl-author-tooltip__name_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__name mntl-attribution__item "><svg class="icon reviewer-icon mntl-attribution__item-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#reviewer-icon" href="#reviewer-icon"></use> </svg> <span class="mntl-attribution__item-descriptor">Fact checked by</span> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/katherine-martinko-4845359" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-attribution__item-name" tabindex="0" >Katherine Martinko</a> </div> <ul id="mntl-author-tooltip__education_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education mntl-block"><li id="mntl-author-tooltip__education-item_2-0" class="comp mntl-author-tooltip__education-item mntl-text-block">University of Toronto</li></ul> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bio"> <p>Katherine Martinko is an expert in sustainable living. She holds a degree in English Literature and History from the University of Toronto.</p> </div> </div> <div class="mntl-author-tooltip__bottom"> <span class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-text">Learn about our </span> <a href="/about-us-5024862#toc-editorial-guidelines" rel="nocaes" class="mntl-author-tooltip__learn-more-link" >fact checking process</a> </div> </div></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-post-header"><ul id="social-share_1-0" class="comp social-share mntl-universal-social-share share" data-title="US Resumes Drilling on Public Land, Showing We Have Learned Nothing in 50 Years" document="StructuredContentDocumentEx{parent=BaseDocumentEx{templateType=STRUCTUREDCONTENT, documentId=5235512, bestTitle='US Resumes Drilling on Public Land, Showing We Have Learned Nothing in 50 Years'}}" data-description="Learn more about the history of drilling and why the Biden administration's latest move is not good." data-tracking-container="true"> <li 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data-href="https://www.treehugger.com/us-resumes-drilling-public-land-biden-5235512?utm_source=emailshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=shareurlbuttons" data-network="emailshare" data-click-tracked="true" class="share-link share-link-email" tabindex="0" title="Email this article" aria-label="Email this article" role="link"> <svg class="icon icon-letter " > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-letter" href="#icon-letter"></use> </svg> </span> </li> </ul> <figure id="figure-article_1-0" class="comp figure-article mntl-universal-primary-image right-rail__offset primary-image"> <div class="primary-image__media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/TK6douRjiE9oXtTZTsGcs5kPIFQ=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1384850581-4c3727c258f1449d953d9f902c6b21a4.jpg" width="3000" height="2000" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/_9W-tm5co-4ArcmtzLBV1DQ7E5c=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1384850581-4c3727c258f1449d953d9f902c6b21a4.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Oil rig in the permian basin" class=" primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" onload="(function(e){e.classList.add('loaded')})(this)" style="--blurry: url('data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,R0lGODlhCgAHAPUAAAAAAAEAAAIAAQIBAAYAAA8GARAHABwJAyceDygSAC4QDi8fCDAXEzUcFzQqKzpVajhUbD5Ybz9ZcEQ8GEUyLEg9J0M1Mms2F15IPVVRRkteb0FbckFbdEJcdU5jdlNleVJnfFJofVRqf3lZSmBqdGJwe2Z0fXp5d3p4eXp6eH97en59e1Zvg1xyh2d1gGt5hGx6hWx8iW9/jHGBjqNaOatdOZNwXJx5ZZ16ZrZoRLNsTsB0UICAgIODgceuhe/qwCwAAAAACgAHAEUIUQAhSOiQwYcBDhsiPGiggAGFHxhG4LBxo4QLGAdmyIjxwgSJAAAIDAAAQAABAgA8gBBRIUELFiE+aEDBQwUCBxZS9FhxYkcNHQsmFLhAY0eOgAA7')" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/TK6douRjiE9oXtTZTsGcs5kPIFQ=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1384850581-4c3727c258f1449d953d9f902c6b21a4.jpg" width="3000" height="2000" class="loaded primary-img--noscript primary-image__image mntl-primary-image--blurry" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/_9W-tm5co-4ArcmtzLBV1DQ7E5c=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-1384850581-4c3727c258f1449d953d9f902c6b21a4.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Oil rig in the permian basin" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="primary-image__figcap_1-0" class="comp primary-image__figcap mntl-figure-caption figure-article-caption"> <svg class="icon icon-camera figure-article-caption-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-camera" href="#icon-camera"></use> </svg> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">An oil rig in the Permian Basin in the southwestern part of the United States.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Joe Raedle / Getty Image</p></span> </figcaption></figure> </div><div class="loc article-left-rail"> <div id="breadcrumbs-list_2-0" class="comp breadcrumbs-list " data-tracking-container="true"> <span class="breadcrumbs-list-title"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/treehugger-voices-4846082" rel="nocaes" >News</a> </span> <ul class="breadcrumbs-list-list"> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item tax-one-item"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/environment-news-4846089" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="1" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Environment <svg class="icon icon-caret-right breadcrumbs-list-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-caret-right" href="#icon-caret-right"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs-list-item tax-one-item"> <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/business-and-policy-news-4846087" rel="nocaes" data-ordinal="2" class="breadcrumbs-list-link" > Business & Policy <svg class="icon 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data-sc-min-track-height="250" data-sc-max-track-height="600" data-sc-breakpoint="50em" data-sc-load-immediate="3" data-sc-content-positions="[1, 1050, 1250, 1550, 1950, 2350, 2750, 3150]" data-bind-scroll-on-start="true"><p id="mntl-sc-block_1-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Much to the chagrin of environmentalists, U.S. President Joe Biden recently backtracked on a campaign promise and is permitting new oil and gas development on federal lands. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-resume-oil-gas-drilling-public-land-despite-biden-campaign-pledge-2022-04-15/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">Reuters</a> reports that "the Biden administration has taken several steps to tame surging gasoline prices and inflation, made worse by crude oil prices, spiking due to the war in Ukraine and subsequent sanctions on Russia by the United States and its allies." </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_3-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Ukrainian climate activist and former environmental law professor Svitlana Romanko notes the war is driven by fossil fuels. "This is about energy security, climate crisis and war in Ukraine having the same roots and hence the same solution... We have had enough of fossil-fueled wars and climate-hostile wars," Romanko told <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/04/19/war-ukraine-poses-environmental-risk-now-future-advocates-say/" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The Washington Post</a>. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_4-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_5-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In fact, we have been living with fossil-fueled wars for decades. After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, I prepared a lecture for my sustainable design class at the Creative School of Ryerson University—and for my ongoing talks surrounding my book, "<a href="https://newsociety.ca/books/l/living-the-1-5-degree-lifestyle" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow">Living the 1.5 Degree Lifestyle</a>"—about how we got into this mess and how we can get out of it. I recycle a bit of it here. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_6-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-on-the-demand-side-how-sprawl-was-caused-by-the-nuclear-arms-race"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_7-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading "> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> On the Demand Side: How Sprawl Was Caused by the Nuclear Arms Race </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_8-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:65.5%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/607hYDL9TREW5zHBYKTGhWQRXhU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/__opt__aboutcom__coeus__resources__content_migration__mnn__images__media.mnn.com__assets__images__2018__09__highway-d0a0bddf775a43c0a6bdbaa7247ad686.jpg" width="860" height="564" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/eG60JPoKanhnkWX4LyZH3xBxCZg=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/__opt__aboutcom__coeus__resources__content_migration__mnn__images__media.mnn.com__assets__images__2018__09__highway-d0a0bddf775a43c0a6bdbaa7247ad686.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="miss blacktop and miss concrete" class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_1-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/607hYDL9TREW5zHBYKTGhWQRXhU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/__opt__aboutcom__coeus__resources__content_migration__mnn__images__media.mnn.com__assets__images__2018__09__highway-d0a0bddf775a43c0a6bdbaa7247ad686.jpg" width="860" height="564" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/eG60JPoKanhnkWX4LyZH3xBxCZg=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/__opt__aboutcom__coeus__resources__content_migration__mnn__images__media.mnn.com__assets__images__2018__09__highway-d0a0bddf775a43c0a6bdbaa7247ad686.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="miss blacktop and miss concrete" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_1-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">It was Miss Blacktop, Miss Concrete, and government policy that got us into this mess.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Wisconsin Historical Society</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_9-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> On the demand side—or why we need so much fossil fuel in the first place—we have to go back to the beginning of the Cold War with the Soviet Union after World War II. Once the Russians got the bomb, everyone realized it was a bad idea to concentrate corporate offices and workers in dense cities where one bomb could take them all out. That's the main reason Miss Blacktop and Miss Concrete were cutting ribbons for what is officially known as the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_10-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_11-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Science writer Shawn Lawrence Otto wrote in his 2011 book, "<a href="https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B005OS15ZC/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1" rel="nofollow">Fool Me Twice: Fighting the Assault on Science in America</a>": </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_12-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <blockquote id="mntl-sc-block_13-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In 1945, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists began advocating for "dispersal," or "defense through decentralization" as the only realistic defense against nuclear weapons, and the federal government realized this was an important strategic move. Most city planners agreed, and America adopted a completely new way of life, one that was different from anything that had come before, by directing all new construction "away from congested central areas to their outer fringes and suburbs in low-density continuous development," and "the prevention of the metropolitan core's further spread by directing new construction into small, widely spaced satellite towns." </blockquote> <div id="mntl-sc-block_14-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_15-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:72.2%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/wpmYTl9PKhvj_mpJA8i_Lqx3p3w=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-187409559-81a5ff6aec30499c98760163c26ad35d.jpg" width="3000" height="2168" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/uf0o8GLjrMVNt6ad160BGsqd4oo=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-187409559-81a5ff6aec30499c98760163c26ad35d.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Bell Labs" class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_2-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/wpmYTl9PKhvj_mpJA8i_Lqx3p3w=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-187409559-81a5ff6aec30499c98760163c26ad35d.jpg" width="3000" height="2168" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/uf0o8GLjrMVNt6ad160BGsqd4oo=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-187409559-81a5ff6aec30499c98760163c26ad35d.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Bell Labs" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_2-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">The massive Bell Laboratories complex (1959 to 1962, expanded 1966 and 1985), situated on 472 acres in Holmdel, Monmouth County, New Jersey.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Gerard Garcia / Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_16-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> This is why we got all those gorgeous suburban office complexes in the '50s and '60s. Kathleen Tobin described in her study, "<a href="https://www.academia.edu/8618332/The_Reduction_of_Urban_Vulnerability_Revisiting_1950s_American_Suburbanization_as_Civil_Defense" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The Reduction of Urban Vulnerability: Revisiting 1950s American Suburbanization as Civil Defense</a>," how measures were taken so that "further development of industry (including normal peacetime as well as defense activities) should be slowed down in central city areas of highest population density and industrial areas of target attractiveness." Tobin says that "a beginning should be made in reducing population and building densities in residential areas of greatest vulnerability by adoption of program of urban redevelopment and slum clearance."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_17-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_18-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:77.8%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/xsdZTWvWLaAp3TcijZEYiw8EcvE=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/view-of-levittown--new-york-514867608-5ae49d2e3128340037f80e4f.jpg" width="3637" height="2830" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/D1DggR5TeQmytzqrWVCI6wJjA_g=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/view-of-levittown--new-york-514867608-5ae49d2e3128340037f80e4f.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="View of Levittown, New York" class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_3-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/xsdZTWvWLaAp3TcijZEYiw8EcvE=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/view-of-levittown--new-york-514867608-5ae49d2e3128340037f80e4f.jpg" width="3637" height="2830" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/D1DggR5TeQmytzqrWVCI6wJjA_g=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/view-of-levittown--new-york-514867608-5ae49d2e3128340037f80e4f.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="View of Levittown, New York" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_3-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner">Bettmann Archive / Getty Images</span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_19-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Tobin quotes political scientist Barry Checkoway, explaining how white folks got subsidized mortgages to buy suburban houses and cars to get to those suburban offices: </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_20-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <blockquote id="mntl-sc-block_21-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> "It is wrong to believe that postwar American suburbanization prevailed because the public chose it and will continue to prevail until the public changes its preferences... Suburbanization prevailed because of the decisions of large operators and powerful economic institutions supported by federal government programs, and ordinary consumers had little real choice in the basic pattern that resulted."<span class="ql-inline-citation" data-cite="1"></span> </blockquote> <div id="mntl-sc-block_22-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_23-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> So one can conclude that much of the mess we are in—the insatiable demand for fossil fuel needed to keep a suburban lifestyle humming—is a direct result of government policy that was a response to war. But hey, the American oil companies, the Seven Sisters, controlled the Middle East oil supply, so there was nothing to worry about. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_24-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_25-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link"><a href="https://www.treehugger.com/why-sprawl-was-caused-nuclear-arms-race-and-why-matters-more-ever-today-4854403" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_1-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">How Sprawl Was Caused by the Nuclear Arms Race, and Why This Matters More Than Ever Today</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_26-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <span class="heading-toc" id="toc-cutting-demand-how-we-got-energy-efficiency"></span><h2 id="mntl-sc-block_27-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-heading mntl-sc-block-heading "> <span class="mntl-sc-block-heading__text"> Cutting Demand: How We Got Energy Efficiency </span> </h2> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_28-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.8%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/TkxqsfCjHgmWJE3Bgs1VRUBKfEw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515578078-94a17a3bff784bde96d69e856992971c.jpg" width="3676" height="2459" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/HynoplCxHwYkQPa85q9gTnvN69E=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515578078-94a17a3bff784bde96d69e856992971c.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="OPEC meeting 1976" class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_4-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/TkxqsfCjHgmWJE3Bgs1VRUBKfEw=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515578078-94a17a3bff784bde96d69e856992971c.jpg" width="3676" height="2459" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/HynoplCxHwYkQPa85q9gTnvN69E=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-515578078-94a17a3bff784bde96d69e856992971c.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="OPEC meeting 1976" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_4-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">An OPEC meeting in 1976.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Bettman / Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_29-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The Western world kept happily consuming as much oil as could be pumped until after the Yom Kippur War with Israel, after which the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) got together to turn off the taps to punish countries that supported Israel. In response, then-U.S. President Richard Nixon dropped the speed limits to 55 mph and implemented other energy conservation measures.<br/> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_30-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_31-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.6%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/-xLowenUtv-xBv5QOF7J4DxLH2k=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51125957-jimmy-carter2-b8e87b04db2848e69a71984b433a29d9.jpg" width="3418" height="2279" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/ADfx8V4D7EYbjDql0O9TGv4YdLQ=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51125957-jimmy-carter2-b8e87b04db2848e69a71984b433a29d9.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Jimmy Carter during fireplace chat" class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_5-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/-xLowenUtv-xBv5QOF7J4DxLH2k=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51125957-jimmy-carter2-b8e87b04db2848e69a71984b433a29d9.jpg" width="3418" height="2279" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/ADfx8V4D7EYbjDql0O9TGv4YdLQ=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-51125957-jimmy-carter2-b8e87b04db2848e69a71984b433a29d9.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Jimmy Carter during fireplace chat" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_5-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter during a fireplace chat.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Dirck Halstead / Getty Image</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_32-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> But today, everyone credits (or blames) former U.S. president Jimmy Carter, for <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/03/archives/the-text-of-jimmy-carters-first-presidential-report-to-the-american.html" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">calling for a spirit of sacrifice to deal with the energy crisis</a>. "There is no way we can solve it quickly," said Carter. "But if we all cooperate and make modest sacrifices, if we learn to live thriftily and remember the importance of helping our neighbors, then we can find ways to adjust, and to make our society more efficient and our own lives more enjoyable and productive."<br> </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_33-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_34-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block related-link"><a href="https://www.treehugger.com/jimmy-carter-moment-energy-conservation-5223822" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_2-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">We’re Having a Jimmy Carter Moment With Energy Conservation Back on the Menu</span></a></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_35-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_36-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> All this got swept away by Reagan, a supply kind of guy who got the Middle East taps turned back on. Soon, we had fracking and the oil sands in Alberta, Canada, and we no longer had an oil crisis, which is how we got into the mess we are in today. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_37-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_38-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.3%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/Hn6lIihIc0-_YK5cE39leq8Q1Uk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635960999-b7290d2bf0e7488fafa734a7e8f70ec8.jpg" width="3501" height="2323" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/iY7B0Fbji04I-K6gucRWVj8oxdc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635960999-b7290d2bf0e7488fafa734a7e8f70ec8.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="Burning oil fields, Persian Gulf War 1991" class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_6-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/Hn6lIihIc0-_YK5cE39leq8Q1Uk=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635960999-b7290d2bf0e7488fafa734a7e8f70ec8.jpg" width="3501" height="2323" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/iY7B0Fbji04I-K6gucRWVj8oxdc=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-635960999-b7290d2bf0e7488fafa734a7e8f70ec8.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="Burning oil fields, Persian Gulf War 1991" /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_6-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">Burning oil fields during the Persian Gulf War in 1991.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>Peter Turnley / Corbis / VCG via Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_39-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> In the '50s, we got sprawl to help defeat the Soviets. In the '70s, we got efficiency to fight the Arabs, which was replaced in the '80s with drilling for "energy independence." In the '90s, we got battles over oil in the Persian Gulf that continue to this day. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_40-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <figure id="mntl-sc-block_41-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image mntl-sc-block-image--no-theme figure-landscape figure-high-res"> <div class="figure-media"> <div class="img-placeholder" style="padding-bottom:66.4%;"> <img data-src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/dc9uZ0GuwZZG3cq4j-QlYHDnnnM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-524198046-ea657597816d4ee1b531620a05392d02.jpg" width="1024" height="680" data-srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/vXsaHONRfBsytuJGmMjTchW9nEo=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-524198046-ea657597816d4ee1b531620a05392d02.jpg 750w" data-sizes="750px" alt="An oil well jack pump and natural gas flare off at sunset in the Bakken oil field north of Williston, North Dakota. " class="lazyload mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" data-expand="300" id=mntl-sc-block-image_7-0 data-tracking-container="true" data-img-lightbox="true" data-click-tracked="true" /> <noscript> <img src="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/dc9uZ0GuwZZG3cq4j-QlYHDnnnM=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-524198046-ea657597816d4ee1b531620a05392d02.jpg" width="1024" height="680" class="img--noscript mntl-image mntl-image universal-image__image" srcset="https://www.treehugger.com/thmb/vXsaHONRfBsytuJGmMjTchW9nEo=/750x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-524198046-ea657597816d4ee1b531620a05392d02.jpg 750w" sizes="750px" alt="An oil well jack pump and natural gas flare off at sunset in the Bakken oil field north of Williston, North Dakota. " /> </noscript> </div> </div> <figcaption id="mntl-figure-caption_7-0" class="comp mntl-figure-caption type--mouse figure-article-caption"> <span class="figure-article-caption-text">An oil well jack pump and natural gas flare off in the Bakken oil field in North Dakota.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"><p>William Campbell / Corbis via Getty Images</p></span> </figcaption></figure> <p id="mntl-sc-block_42-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> So here we are again, coming full circle and battling Russia by proxy. And instead of taking measures that might reduce demand for oil, instead of learning the lessons from the last 50 years since the Yom Kippur War, and instead of reducing demand for oil, the Biden administration is increasing supply, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/biden-administration-resume-leasing-oil-gas-drilling-federal-lands-rcna24646" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">offering drilling leases</a> on 144,000 acres of public land. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_43-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_44-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> Recognizing that we have a carbon crisis as well as an energy crisis, Biden could have radically increased fuel efficiency standards for everything from cars to homes. He could have taken author and educator Bill McKibben's advice and advocated for <a href="https://www.treehugger.com/heat-pumps-for-peace-freedom-5220935" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="internalLink" data-ordinal="1">heat pumps for peace and freedom</a>. Instead, we are getting more drilling. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_45-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <p id="mntl-sc-block_46-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-html"> The lesson of the last 75 years is that the way to deal with the endless war over oil is to reduce demand—not increase supply. But nobody wants to learn it. </p> <div id="mntl-sc-block_47-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block mntl-sc-block-adslot mntl-block"></div> <div id="mntl-sc-block_48-0" class="comp mntl-sc-block green-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-sc-block-featuredlink mntl-block readnext-link"><a href="https://www.treehugger.com/electrify-heatpumpify-insulate-out-of-crises-5220632" rel="nocaes" id="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link_3-0" class="mntl-sc-block-featuredlink__link mntl-text-link " data-tracking-container="true" data-tracking-id="featured-link" ><span class="link__wrapper">We Need to Electrify, Heatpumpify, and Insulate Our Way Out of the Current Crises</span></a></div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-post-content"><div id="sources-and-citation_1-0" class="comp sources-and-citation mntl-sources-and-citation mntl-block has-sources"><div id="mntl-article-sources_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources mntl-expandable-block" data-scroll-offset="92"><div class="loc toggle-content"><div id="mntl-article-sources__wrapper_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__wrapper mntl-block" data-click-tracked="true"><span id="mntl-article-sources__heading_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__heading mntl-text-block type--squirrel-link">View Article Sources</span> <svg class="icon icon-sources-show show-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-sources-show" href="#icon-sources-show"></use> </svg> <svg class="icon icon-sources-hide hide-icon" > <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-sources-hide" href="#icon-sources-hide"></use> </svg></div> </div><div class="loc expandable-content"> <div id="mntl-article-sources__citation-sources_1-0" class="comp mntl-article-sources__citation-sources mntl-citation-sources mntl-sources" data-tracking-container="true"> <ol class="mntl-sources__content"> <li class="mntl-sources__source" id="citation-1"><p>Tobin, Kathleen, "<a href="https://www.academia.edu/8618332/The_Reduction_of_Urban_Vulnerability_Revisiting_1950s_American_Suburbanization_as_Civil_Defense" data-component="link" data-source="inlineLink" data-type="externalLink" data-ordinal="1">The Reduction of Urban Vulnerability: Revisiting 1950s American Suburbanization as Civil Defense.</a>" <em>Cold War History,</em> 2002.</p></li> </ol> </div> </div></div></div> </div><div class="loc article-right-rail"><div id="mm-ads-right-rail_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-right-rail mntl-block"><div id="sc-billboard-group_1-0" class="comp sc-billboard-group mntl-block js-scads-inline-content"><div id="mntl-block_2-0" class="comp mntl-block"><div id="green-billboard1-sticky-dynamic_1-0" class="comp green-billboard1-sticky-dynamic mntl-block"><div id="mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad_1-0" class="comp mm-ads-sc-sticky-square-ad mm-ads-squareFlex1-sticky mm-ads-sc-sticky-square scads-to-load right-rail__item" data-height="1050" style="height: 1050px;"><div 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