CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Raymond Lavigne - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5b580a38-9a3b-4342-b26f-032f0f4e629c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Raymond_Lavigne","wgTitle":"Raymond Lavigne","wgCurRevisionId":1247900853,"wgRevisionId":1247900853,"wgArticleId":1729228,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2021","Articles with dead external links from September 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use Canadian English from September 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English","Use dmy dates from September 2021","Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2014", "All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes","1945 births","Living people","Liberal Party of Canada MPs","Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec","Liberal Party of Canada senators","Canadian senators from Quebec","People from Verdun, Quebec","21st-century members of the Senate of Canada","20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada","21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Raymond_Lavigne","wgRelevantArticleId":1729228,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3420985","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Raymond Lavigne - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Lavigne"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Lavigne"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Raymond_Lavigne rootpage-Raymond_Lavigne skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Raymond+Lavigne" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Raymond+Lavigne" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Raymond+Lavigne" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Raymond+Lavigne" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_charges_and_convictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_charges_and_convictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Criminal charges and convictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_charges_and_convictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electoral record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Raymond Lavigne</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Lavigne_(homme_politique)" title="Raymond Lavigne (homme politique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Raymond Lavigne (homme politique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86" title="رايموند لاڤيجن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رايموند لاڤيجن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3420985#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lavigne" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Raymond_Lavigne" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lavigne"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lavigne"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Raymond_Lavigne" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Raymond_Lavigne" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&oldid=1247900853" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Raymond_Lavigne&id=1247900853&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaymond_Lavigne"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRaymond_Lavigne"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Raymond_Lavigne&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3420985" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a></b> that contextualizes different points of view.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Raymond Lavigne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_senators#Montarville" title="List of Quebec senators">Montarville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 26, 2002 – March 21, 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Finestone" title="Sheila Finestone">Sheila Finestone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9e_Verner" title="Josée Verner">Josée Verner</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Verdun%E2%80%94Saint-Henri%E2%80%94Saint-Paul%E2%80%94Pointe_Saint-Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdun—Saint-Henri—Saint-Paul—Pointe Saint-Charles">Verdun—Saint-Henri—Saint-Paul—Pointe Saint-Charles</a><br /><small>Verdun—Saint-Paul (1993–1997)<br />Verdun—Saint-Henri (1997–2000)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 25, 1993 – March 25, 2002<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Chartrand" title="Gilbert Chartrand">Gilbert Chartrand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liza_Frulla" title="Liza Frulla">Liza Frulla</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1945-11-16</span>) </span>November 16, 1945<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 79)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal" title="Independent Liberal">Independent Liberal</a><br />(2006-2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a><br />(1993-2006)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Carmen Robichaud</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raymond Lavigne</b> (born November 16, 1945) is a former <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">senator</a> and businessman, and a former <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lavigne first ran as a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> candidate for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">riding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Verdun%E2%80%94Saint-Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdun—Saint-Paul">Verdun—Saint-Paul</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988 election</a> but was unsuccessful. He successfully contested the riding in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 election</a>. He was re-elected as the MP for the riding, with altered boundaries, in the <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a> and <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 federal elections</a>. He served until he was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canadian Senate</a> on March 26, 2002. </p><p>He was appointed to the Senate on the advice of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> to make his riding available for <a href="/wiki/Liza_Frulla" title="Liza Frulla">Liza Frulla</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criminal_charges_and_convictions">Criminal charges and convictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Criminal charges and convictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 8, 2006, he was expelled from the Liberal caucus after allegedly misusing Senate funds for personal use. He apparently used $23,000 in funds for work on his estate, including having his executive assistant cut down trees on his property.<sup id="cite_ref-Caucus_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caucus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, Lavigne's lawyer said that Lavigne had agreed to pay back the $23,000, without an admission of wrongdoing.<sup id="cite_ref-Caucus_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caucus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 14, 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a>, who had been investigating allegations raised concerning the misuse of funds for the last year, laid criminal charges against Lavigne: fraud over $5,000, breach of trust and obstruction of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the criminal proceedings, Lavigne is barred from sitting in the Senate or taking part in any Senate committees, but still drew a salary and was entitled to claim expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His trial on these charges began December 9, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Closing arguments took place on September 17, 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having been rescheduled from July 2010 to allow Lavigne to obtain trial transcripts.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 12, 2010, it was announced by the court that Judge Robert Smith's decision is ready but a date for the decision could not be set because Lavigne's lawyers did not show up.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A final ruling was scheduled to be issued on February 22, 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the court instead heard argument on how much weight should be given to Senate report on expenses spending. Lavigne's lawyers argued he should not be found guilty because the rules were unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 11, 2011, Lavigne was found guilty of fraud and breach of trust, and was acquitted on the third charge of obstruction of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_News_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the maximum term of 14 years in prison, Lavigne is not eligible for a <a href="/wiki/Discharge_(sentencing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Discharge (sentencing)">discharge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, he will be suspended from the Senate under Senate Rule 141 from the date of his sentencing until his sentence is overturned on appeal or the Senate decides whether to expel him.<sup id="cite_ref-senate_rules_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senate_rules-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Rules 138–139,<sup id="cite_ref-senate_rules_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senate_rules-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he will not receive a sessional allowance or various perquisites to which senators are entitled; it is not clear whether his salary will be affected by the suspension. </p><p>On March 21, 2011, Lavigne resigned from the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 10, 2011, Lavigne was sentenced to six months in prison with an additional, consecutive six month conditional sentence to be served at home.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_News_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_News-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lavigne appealed both his convictions and sentences, but his appeals were rejected. He began serving his sentence in June, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:706px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun%E2%80%93Saint-Henri%E2%80%93Saint-Paul%E2%80%93Pointe_Saint-Charles" title="Template:2000 Canadian federal election/Verdun–Saint-Henri–Saint-Paul–Pointe Saint-Charles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun%E2%80%93Saint-Henri%E2%80%93Saint-Paul%E2%80%93Pointe_Saint-Charles" title="Template talk:2000 Canadian federal election/Verdun–Saint-Henri–Saint-Paul–Pointe Saint-Charles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun%E2%80%93Saint-Henri%E2%80%93Saint-Paul%E2%80%93Pointe_Saint-Charles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 Canadian federal election/Verdun–Saint-Henri–Saint-Paul–Pointe Saint-Charles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Verdun_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Verdun (federal electoral district)">Verdun–Saint-Henri–Saint-Paul–Pointe Saint-Charles</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raymond Lavigne</a> <small>(incumbent)</small></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,905</td> <td style="text-align:right;">51.27</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$59,347 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Pedro Utillano</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,976</td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.37</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$34,065 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Bernard Côté</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,670</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$3,761 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #5F9EA0; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Alliance</a></td> <td>Jacques Gendron</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,098</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.15</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$12,598 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Matthew McLauchlin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,003</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.46</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,499 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Lorraine Ann Craig</td> <td style="text-align:right;">933</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$22 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #D2B48C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana</a></td> <td>Marc-André Roy</td> <td style="text-align:right;">924</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.27</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$46 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FF6347; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a></td> <td>Bill Sloan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">148</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,627 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CC6699; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></td> <td>William Lorenson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">117</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$298 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">40,774 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">1,200</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">41,974 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">59.05</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Electors on the lists </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">71,085</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><i>Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/37g&document=table12&lang=e#ontario">Official Results, Elections Canada</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/ecCandidates2/Default.asp?L=E&Page=ElectionMenu&EL=226">Financial Returns, Elections Canada</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:573px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Raymond Lavigne</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,424 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #87CEFA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a></td> <td>Donald Longépée</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,153 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Aline Aubut</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,838 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Claude Ledoux</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,156 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #E6E6FA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a></td> <td>Michèle Beausoleil</td> <td style="text-align:right;">498 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3CB371; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></td> <td>Deepak Massand</td> <td style="text-align:right;">380 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CD5C5C; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a></td> <td>Geneviève Royer</td> <td style="text-align:right;">205 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1993_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun%E2%80%94Saint-Paul" title="Template:1993 Canadian federal election/Verdun—Saint-Paul"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1993_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun%E2%80%94Saint-Paul" title="Template talk:1993 Canadian federal election/Verdun—Saint-Paul"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1993_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun%E2%80%94Saint-Paul" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1993 Canadian federal election/Verdun—Saint-Paul"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Verdun%E2%80%94Saint-Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdun—Saint-Paul">Verdun—Saint-Paul</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Raymond Lavigne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,644</td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.69</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$36,451 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#87CEFA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td>Kim Beaudoin </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,095 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.47 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$35,583 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#9999FF; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> </td> <td>André Martin </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,864 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.59 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$51,508 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F4A460; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>Claude Ledoux </td> <td style="text-align:right;">860 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.91 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Jean-Marc Beaudin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">598</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.33</td> <td style="text-align:right;"></td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#E6E6FA; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a> </td> <td>Marylise Baux </td> <td style="text-align:right;">432 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.96 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$408 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FFFACD; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abolitionist_Party_of_Canada" title="Abolitionist Party of Canada">Abolitionist</a> </td> <td>Yvan Cousineau </td> <td style="text-align:right;">140 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.31 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#48D1CC; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Canada" title="National Party of Canada">National</a> </td> <td>J.J. McPherson </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$466 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td>Non-affiliated </td> <td>Deepak Massand </td> <td style="text-align:right;">115 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.26 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,744 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FFA07A; width: 16px">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Commonwealth_of_Canada" title="Party for the Commonwealth of Canada">Commonwealth</a> </td> <td>Golam Khan </td> <td style="text-align:right;">88 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.20 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$0 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">44,966 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">1,720</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">46,686 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">75.50</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Electors on the lists </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">61,838</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><i>Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/eccandidates/district.asp?ran=72.421&objectType=district&action=provinces&ul=1&ElectionID=211">official contributions and expenses</a> submitted by the candidates, provided by <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:573px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Chartrand" title="Gilbert Chartrand">Gilbert Chartrand</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,113 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Raymond Lavigne</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,207 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Alain Tassé</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,572 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Jan-Marc Lavergne</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,339 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #D8BFD8; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party_of_Canada_(1963%E2%80%9393)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinoceros Party of Canada (1963–93)">Rhinoceros</a></td> <td>Irène Maman Mayer</td> <td style="text-align:right;">902 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FFA07A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Commonwealth_of_Canada" title="Party for the Commonwealth of Canada">Commonwealth of Canada</a></td> <td>Claude Brosseau</td> <td style="text-align:right;">142 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td> <td>Yvon Turgeon</td> <td style="text-align:right;">105 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=37&Ses=1&DocId=504294">House of Commons Journal</a> for April 8, 2002 (37th Parliament, 1st Session, No. 163)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caucus-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caucus_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caucus_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060611191540/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060608/misspent_funds_060608/20060608?hub=TopStories">Liberal Senator Lavigne kicked out of caucus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070814/Raymond_Lavigne_070814/20070814?hub=TopStories">Liberal Sen. Raymond Lavigne charged with fraud</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/senator-charged-with-fraud-still-spending-1.998141">"Senator charged with fraud still spending"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 5 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Senator+charged+with+fraud+still+spending&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsenator-charged-with-fraud-still-spending-1.998141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213125304/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/Lavigne+pleads+guilty/2322738/story.html">"Lavigne pleads not guilty"</a>. <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>. 9 November 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ottawacitizen.com/Lavigne+pleads+guilty/2322738/story.html">the original</a> on 13 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.atitle=Lavigne+pleads+not+guilty&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fottawacitizen.com%2FLavigne%2Bpleads%2Bguilty%2F2322738%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2010" class="citation news cs1">Raj, Althia (17 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/09/17/15383466.html">"Senator defrauded taxpayers, judge told"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Senator+defrauded+taxpayers%2C+judge+told&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2010%2F09%2F17%2F15383466.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2010" class="citation news cs1">Raj, Althia (14 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/07/14/14710341.html">"Another delay in senator's trial"</a>. <i>Toronto Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=Another+delay+in+senator%27s+trial&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Althia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2010%2F07%2F14%2F14710341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/11/12/16108776.html#/news/canada/2010/11/12/pf-16108776.html">"Senator's fraud trial decision delayed"</a>. <i>TorontoSun</i>. 12 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TorontoSun&rft.atitle=Senator%27s+fraud+trial+decision+delayed&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2010%2F11%2F12%2F16108776.html%23%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2010%2F11%2F12%2Fpf-16108776.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/canada/breakingnews/ruling-to-come-next-month-in-senator-raymond-lavignes-fraud-trial--113090799.html">"Ruling to come next month in Senator Raymond Lavigne's fraud trial"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>. 7 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Ruling+to+come+next+month+in+Senator+Raymond+Lavigne%27s+fraud+trial&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fcanada%2Fbreakingnews%2Fruling-to-come-next-month-in-senator-raymond-lavignes-fraud-trial--113090799.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2011" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Elizabeth (12 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://montrealgazette.com/Senator+date+with+judgment+postponed+again/4270196/story.html">"Senator's date with judgment postponed again"</a>. <i>The Montreal Gazette</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=Senator%27s+date+with+judgment+postponed+again&rft.date=2011-02-12&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmontrealgazette.com%2FSenator%2Bdate%2Bwith%2Bjudgment%2Bpostponed%2Bagain%2F4270196%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC_News-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBC_News_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBC_News_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/senate-cuts-off-guilty-lavigne-1.1022046">"Sen. Lavigne guilty of fraud, breach of trust"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 11 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Sen.+Lavigne+guilty+of+fraud%2C+breach+of+trust&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fsenate-cuts-off-guilty-lavigne-1.1022046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706163833/http://www.johnhoward.ab.ca/pub/pdf/C33.pdf">"Sentencing in Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Society" title="John Howard Society">John Howard Society</a>. 1999. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnhoward.ab.ca/pub/pdf/C33.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sentencing+in+Canada&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=John+Howard+Society&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnhoward.ab.ca%2Fpub%2Fpdf%2FC33.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senate_rules-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-senate_rules_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-senate_rules_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/process/senate/rules-e/senrules_12-e.htm">"Rules of the Senate"</a>. Senate of Canada. December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+of+the+Senate&rft.pub=Senate+of+Canada&rft.date=2010-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2Finformation%2Fabout%2Fprocess%2Fsenate%2Frules-e%2Fsenrules_12-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/convicted-senator-lavigne-quits-1.1032913">"Convicted Senator Lavigne quits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>, 21 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/957546--disgraced-senator-lavigne-resigns-after-fraud-conviction">"Disgraced Senator Lavigne resigns after fraud conviction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>, 21 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/former-liberal-senator-convicted-of-fraud-begins-jail-term-1.1360706">"Former Liberal senator convicted of fraud begins jail term"</a>. <i>CBC.ca</i>. 14 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC.ca&rft.atitle=Former+Liberal+senator+convicted+of+fraud+begins+jail+term&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fformer-liberal-senator-convicted-of-fraud-begins-jail-term-1.1360706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaymond+Lavigne" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=14255">Raymond Lavigne – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&oldid=1247900853">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&oldid=1247900853</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_births" title="Category:1945 births">1945 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_MPs" title="Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs">Liberal Party of Canada MPs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada_from_Quebec" title="Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec">Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liberal_Party_of_Canada_senators" title="Category:Liberal Party of Canada senators">Liberal Party of Canada senators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_senators_from_Quebec" title="Category:Canadian senators from Quebec">Canadian senators from Quebec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Verdun,_Quebec" title="Category:People from Verdun, Quebec">People from Verdun, Quebec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_members_of_the_Senate_of_Canada" title="Category:21st-century members of the Senate of Canada">21st-century members of the Senate of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="Category:20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada">20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="Category:21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada">21st-century members of the House of Commons of Canada</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2021">Articles with dead external links from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2018">Articles with dead external links from September 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Canadian_English_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use Canadian English from September 2021">Use Canadian English from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Canadian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2021">Use dmy dates from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes_from_August_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2014">Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes" title="Category:All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes">All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 September 2024, at 16:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Lavigne&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-v4gpj","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.633","walltime":"0.947","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16515,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":89289,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11121,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":56047,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 894.586 1 -total"," 30.00% 268.346 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 21.59% 193.144 1 Template:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Verdun–Saint-Henri–Saint-Paul–Pointe_Saint-Charles"," 12.60% 112.743 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 11.01% 98.462 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.59% 94.713 2 Template:CANelec/top"," 9.87% 88.294 4 Template:Cite_news"," 8.86% 79.304 1 Template:Undue_weight"," 8.53% 76.282 1 Template:Ambox"," 8.34% 74.605 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.286","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8578208,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-h6lmj","timestamp":"20241122175445","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Raymond Lavigne","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raymond_Lavigne","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3420985","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3420985","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-12T18:51:26Z","dateModified":"2024-09-26T16:47:36Z","headline":"Canadian politician"}</script> </body> </html>