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vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maria Goeppert Mayer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 96 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гёпперт-Майер, Мария – Altai Selatan" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Гёпперт-Майер, Мария" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Altai Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ماريا غوبرت ماير – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماريا غوبرت ماير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariya_G%C3%B6ppert-Mayer" title="Mariya Göppert-Mayer – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mariya Göppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ماریا ژئوپرت مایر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماریا ژئوپرت مایر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মারিয়া গ্যোপের্ট-মায়ার – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মারিয়া গ্যোপের্ট-মায়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Maria Goeppert Mayer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мария Гёпперт-Майер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мария Гёпперт-Майер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Марыя Гёперт-Маер – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марыя Гёперт-Маер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мария Гьоперт-Майер – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мария Гьоперт-Майер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_G%C3%B6ppert-Mayer" title="Maria Göppert-Mayer – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maria Göppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_G%C3%B6ppertov%C3%A1-Mayerov%C3%A1" title="Maria Göppertová-Mayerová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maria Göppertová-Mayerová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84-%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μαρία Γκέπερτ-Μάγιερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρία Γκέπερτ-Μάγιερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Maria Goeppert Mayer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ماریا ژئوپرت مایر – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماریا ژئوپرت مایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Maria Goeppert Mayer" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EA%B4%B4%ED%8D%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="마리아 괴퍼트메이어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리아 괴퍼트메이어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D4%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF-%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մարիա Գյոպերտ-Մայեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարիա Գյոպերտ-Մայեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="मारिया गोपर्ट-मेयर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मारिया गोपर्ट-मेयर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="מריה גופרט-מאייר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מריה גופרט-מאייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მარი გეპერტ-მაიერი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარი გეპერტ-მაიერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мария Гепперт-Майер – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мария Гепперт-Майер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Maria Goeppert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marija_Geperte-Maiere" title="Marija Geperte-Maiere – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marija Geperte-Maiere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert%E2%80%91Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert‑Mayer – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maria Goeppert‑Mayer" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="मारिया गिउपर्ट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मारिया गिउपर्ट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Марија Геперт-Мајер – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Марија Геперт-Мајер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="മറിയ ഗെപ്പേർട്ട്-മയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മറിയ ഗെപ്പേർട്ട്-മയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="मारिया ग्योप्पर्ट-मायर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मारिया ग्योप्पर्ट-मायर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მარია გეპერტ-მაიერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარია გეპერტ-მაიერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ماريا جوبرت ماير – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماريا جوبرت ماير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ماریا ژئوپرت مایر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماریا ژئوپرت مایر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="मारिया गिउपर्ट – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मारिया गिउपर्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="मारिया गोपर्ट-मेयर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मारिया गोपर्ट-मेयर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC" title="マリア・ゲッパート＝メイヤー – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリア・ゲッパート＝メイヤー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਾਰੀਆ ਗੋਇਪਰਟ-ਮਾਇਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰੀਆ ਗੋਇਪਰਟ-ਮਾਇਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="ماریا گوپرٹ مائر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماریا گوپرٹ مائر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гёпперт-Майер, Мария – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гёпперт-Майер, Мария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="मारिया गोपर्ट-मेयर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मारिया गोपर्ट-मेयर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maria Goeppert Mayer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppertov%C3%A1-Mayerov%C3%A1" title="Maria Goeppertová-Mayerová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maria Goeppertová-Mayerová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ماریا گۆپەرت مایەر – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماریا گۆپەرت مایەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Марија Геперт-Мајер – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Марија Геперт-Мајер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மரியா கோயெப்பெர்ட் மேயர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரியா கோயெப்பெர்ட் மேயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D3%A9%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мария Гөпперт-Маер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мария Гөпперт-Маер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мария Гёпперт-Майер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мария Гёпперт-Майер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%91%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гёпперт-Майер, Мария – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гёпперт-Майер, Мария" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%94%D1%80" title="Марія Гепперт-Маєр – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марія Гепперт-Маєр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D9%85%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%A9%E7%89%B9-%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6" title="玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%A9%E7%89%B9%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6" title="瑪麗亞格佩特梅耶 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="瑪麗亞格佩特梅耶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%BD%A9%E7%89%B9-%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6" title="玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玛丽亚·格佩特-梅耶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57100#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&oldid=5606734" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&id=5606734&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaria_Goeppert_Mayer"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaria_Goeppert_Mayer"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Maria+Goeppert+Mayer"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dilencongkan daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert-Mayer&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Maria Goeppert Mayer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg/220px-Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Maria Göppert</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1906-06-28</span>)</span>28 Jun 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Kattowitz, <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Jerman" title="Empayar Jerman">Empayar Jerman</a><br />(kini <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal dunia</th><td class="infobox-data">Februari 20, 1972<span style="display:none">(1972-02-20)</span> (umur 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kerakyatan</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany">Germany</a><br />United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Pusat pendidikan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Göttingen (laman tidak wujud)">University of Göttingen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Terkenal kerana</th><td class="infobox-data">Model cengkerang nuklear</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pasangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Edward_Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Edward Mayer (laman tidak wujud)">Joseph Edward Mayer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anak-anak</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anugerah</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik</a> (1963)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"><b>Kerjaya saintifik</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bidang</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PFizik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PFizik (laman tidak wujud)">PFizik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institusi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Lawrence_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Lawrence College (laman tidak wujud)">Sarah Lawrence College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Los_Alamos_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Los Alamos Laboratory (laman tidak wujud)">Los Alamos Laboratory</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argonne_National_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argonne National Laboratory (laman tidak wujud)">Argonne National Laboratory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universiti_California,_San_Diego" title="Universiti California, San Diego">Universiti California, San Diego</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universiti_Chicago" title="Universiti Chicago">Universiti Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Penasihat_kedoktoran" title="Penasihat kedoktoran">Penasihat kedoktoran</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pelajar kedoktoran</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Sachs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Sachs (laman tidak wujud)">Robert G. Sachs</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tandatangan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Maria_Goeppert-Mayer_signature.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer_signature.JPG/150px-Maria_Goeppert-Mayer_signature.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer_signature.JPG/225px-Maria_Goeppert-Mayer_signature.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer_signature.JPG 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maria Goeppert Mayer</b> (28 Jun 1906 - 20 Februari 1972) ialah seorang ahli fizik teori Amerika yang berasal dari Jerman, dan <a href="/wiki/Senarai_pemenang_Hadiah_Nobel" title="Senarai pemenang Hadiah Nobel">pemenang Nobel</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Fizik</a> untuk mencadangkan <a href="/wiki/Model_petala" title="Model petala">model</a> <a href="/wiki/Nukleus_atom" title="Nukleus atom">nuklear nukleus atom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beliau merupakan wanita kedua yang memenangi Hadiah Nobel dalam fizik, yang pertama ialah <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goeppert-Mayer_1931_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goeppert-Mayer_1931-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seorang siswazah dari Universiti Göttingen, Goeppert Mayer menulis tesis doktornya mengenai teori kemungkinan penyerapan dua foton oleh atom. Pada masa itu, kemungkinan percubaan mengesahkan tesisnya kelihatan jauh, tetapi perkembangan <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> membenarkan ini. Hari ini, unit untuk bahagian silang penyerapan dua foton dinamakan unit Goeppert Mayer (GM).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maria Goeppert berkahwin dengan Joseph Edward Mayer dan berpindah ke Amerika Syarikat, di mana dia adalah profesor bersekutu di <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Johns_Hopkins" title="Universiti Johns Hopkins">Johns Hopkins University</a>. Peraturan-peraturan ketat terhadap <a href="/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme">nepotisme</a> menghalang Universiti Johns Hopkins daripada membawanya sebagai ahli fakulti, tetapi dia diberi tugas sebagai pembantu dan menerbitkan kertas penting pada penghancuran beta ganda pada tahun 1935. Pada tahun 1937, beliau berpindah ke <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Columbia" title="Universiti Columbia">Universiti Columbia</a>, di mana beliau mengambil jawatan yang tidak dibayar. Semasa <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua">Perang Dunia II</a>, beliau bekerja untuk <a href="/wiki/Projek_Manhattan" title="Projek Manhattan">Projek Manhattan</a> di Columbia pada pemisahan isotop , dan dengan Edward Teller di Laboratorium Los Alamos mengenai perkembangan bom "Super" Teller.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs1979313_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs1979313-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selepas perang, Goeppert Mayer menjadi profesor fizik sukarela di <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Chicago" title="Universiti Chicago">Universiti Chicago</a> (di mana Teller dan suaminya bekerja) dan ahli fizik kanan di Makmal Nasional Argonne berdekatan. Beliau membangunkan model matematik untuk struktur shell nuklear, yang mana dia dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik pada tahun 1963, yang dikongsi bersama dengan J. Hans D. Jensen dan Eugene Wigner. Pada tahun 1960, beliau dilantik profesor fizik penuh di <a href="/wiki/Universiti_California,_San_Diego" title="Universiti California, San Diego">Universiti California, San Diego</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs1979311–312_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSachs1979">Sachs 1979</a>, m/s. 311–312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epigenesys.eu/en/science-and-you/women-in-science/811-maria-goeppert-mayer">"Maria Goeppert-Mayer"</a>. EpiGeneSys<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maria+Goeppert-Mayer&rft.pub=EpiGeneSys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epigenesys.eu%2Fen%2Fscience-and-you%2Fwomen-in-science%2F811-maria-goeppert-mayer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goeppert-Mayer_1931-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goeppert-Mayer_1931_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGoeppert-Mayer_M1931" class="citation journal cs1">Goeppert-Mayer M (1931). "Über Elementarakte mit zwei Quantensprüngen". <i>Annals of Physics</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 273–295. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1931AnP...401..273G">1931AnP...401..273G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.19314010303">10.1002/andp.19314010303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Physics&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+Elementarakte+mit+zwei+Quantenspr%C3%BCngen&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=273-295&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.19314010303&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1931AnP...401..273G&rft.au=Goeppert-Mayer+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKaiserGarrett1961" class="citation journal cs1">Kaiser, W.; Garrett, C.G.B. (1961). "Two-photon excitation in CaF<sub>2</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>". <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>7</b> (6): 229–232. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961PhRvL...7..229K">1961PhRvL...7..229K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.7.229">10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Two-photon+excitation+in+CaF%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E%3AEu%3Csup%3E2%2B%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=229-232&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.7.229&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961PhRvL...7..229K&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Garrett%2C+C.G.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESachs1979313-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESachs1979313_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSachs1979">Sachs 1979</a>, m/s. 313.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFDash1973" class="citation book cs1">Dash, Joan (1973). <i>A life of One's Own: Three Gifted Women and the Men they Married</i>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-010949-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-06-010949-3"><bdi>978-0-06-010949-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/606211">606211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+life+of+One%27s+Own%3A+Three+Gifted+Women+and+the+Men+they+Married&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F606211&rft.isbn=978-0-06-010949-3&rft.aulast=Dash&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFFerry2003" class="citation book cs1">Ferry, Joseph (2003). <i>Maria Goeppert Mayer</i>. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7910-7247-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7910-7247-9"><bdi>978-0-7910-7247-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/50730923">50730923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maria+Goeppert+Mayer&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50730923&rft.isbn=978-0-7910-7247-9&rft.aulast=Ferry&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKean2010" class="citation book cs1">Kean, Sam (2010). <i>The Disappearing Spoon and Other True Tales from the Periodic Table of the Elements</i>. New York: Little, Brown and Co. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-552-77750-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-552-77750-6"><bdi>978-0-552-77750-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Disappearing+Spoon+and+Other+True+Tales+from+the+Periodic+Table+of+the+Elements&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-552-77750-6&rft.aulast=Kean&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSachs1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Sachs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Sachs (laman tidak wujud)">Sachs, Robert</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/mayer-maria.pdf"><i>Maria Goeppert Mayer 1906–1972: A Biographical Memoir</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biographical Memoirs</i>. National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maria+Goeppert+Mayer+1906%E2%80%931972%3A+A+Biographical+Memoir&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fmayer-maria.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSchiebinger1999" class="citation book cs1">Schiebinger, Londa (1999). <i>Has Feminism Changed Science?</i>. London: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-38113-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-674-38113-1"><bdi>978-0-674-38113-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Has+Feminism+Changed+Science%3F&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-38113-1&rft.aulast=Schiebinger&rft.aufirst=Londa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSimonClarkTifft1966" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, Rita James; Clark, Shirley Merritt; Tifft, Larry L. (Autumn 1966). "Of Nepotism, Marriage, and the Pursuit of". <i>Sociology of Education</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 344–358. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Siri_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Siri Piawai Antarabangsa">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0038-0407">0038-0407</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2111918">2111918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology+of+Education&rft.atitle=Of+Nepotism%2C+Marriage%2C+and+the+Pursuit+of&rft.ssn=musim+luruh&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=344-358&rft.date=1966&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2111918%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0038-0407&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Rita+James&rft.au=Clark%2C+Shirley+Merritt&rft.au=Tifft%2C+Larry+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: ref=harv (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_ref%3Dharv" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: ref=harv">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Bacaan lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Bacaan lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHaber1979" class="citation book cs1">Haber, Louis (1979). <i>Women pioneers of science</i> (ed. 1st). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0152992026" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0152992026"><bdi>978-0152992026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+pioneers+of+science&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0152992026&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFOpfell1978" class="citation book cs1">Opfell, Olga S. (1978). <i>The Lady Laureates: Women who have won the Nobel Prize</i>. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press. m/s. 194–208. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-8108-1161-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-8108-1161-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-1161-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lady+Laureates%3A+Women+who+have+won+the+Nobel+Prize&rft.place=Metuchen%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=194-208&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-1161-4&rft.aulast=Opfell&rft.aufirst=Olga+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWuensch2013" class="citation book cs1">Wuensch, Daniela (2013). <i>Der letzte Physiknobelpreis für eine Frau? Maria Goeppert Mayer: Eine Göttingerin erobert die Atomkerne. Nobelpreis 1963. Zum 50. Jubiläum</i>. Göttingen, Germany: Termessos Verlag. m/s. 148, 44 photos, 2 diagrams. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-938016-15-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-938016-15-2"><bdi>978-3-938016-15-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+letzte+Physiknobelpreis+f%C3%BCr+eine+Frau%3F+Maria+Goeppert+Mayer%3A+Eine+G%C3%B6ttingerin+erobert+die+Atomkerne.+Nobelpreis+1963.+Zum+50.+Jubil%C3%A4um.&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+Germany&rft.pages=148%2C+44+photos%2C+2+diagrams&rft.pub=Termessos+Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-938016-15-2&rft.aulast=Wuensch&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Goeppert+Mayer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Goeppert_Mayer&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan <i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maria_Goeppert-Mayer?uselang=ms">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116102312/http://history.aip.org/history/ead/eaccpf/11604031.html">Mayer, Maria Goeppert, 1906–1972</a> at Scientific Biographies, American Institute of Physics</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Templat:Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Perbincangan templat:Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_penerima_Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Senarai penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Penerima</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Fizik" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik">Hadiah Nobel dalam Fizik</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1901</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1902</span> <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1903</span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1904</span> <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1905</span> <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1906</span> <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1907</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Michelson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1908</span> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1909</span> <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1910</span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1911</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1912</span> <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1913</span> <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1914</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1915</span> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1916</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1917</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1918</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1919</span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1920</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1921</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1922</span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1924</span> <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1926</span> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1928</span> <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. Richardson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1930</span> <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1931</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1932</span> <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1933</span> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1934</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1935</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1936</span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1937</span> <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G. P. Thomson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1938</span> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1939</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1940</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1941</span></span></li> <li><span style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:90%;">1942</span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1943</span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1944</span> <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1945</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1949</span> <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/C._F._Powell" title="C. F. Powell">Powell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1952</span> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Chen-Ning_Yang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen-Ning Yang">C. N. Yang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T. D. Lee</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Frank" title="Ilya Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Glaser</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Basov" title="Nikolay Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov" title="Alexander Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Ting</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R. Wilson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">K. Wilson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman" title="Leon M. Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey_Jr." title="Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">R. Taylor</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.">J. Taylor</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–kini</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:90%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Hänsch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" class="mw-redirect" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Peebles" title="Jim Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2020</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2021</span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2022</span> <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:90%;">2023</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Agostini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Agostini (laman tidak wujud)">Agostini</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferenc_Krausz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferenc Krausz (laman tidak wujud)">Krausz</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_L%27Huillier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne L'Huillier (laman tidak wujud)">L'Huillier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57100#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57100#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57100#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109865412">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72197794">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/72197794">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90739524">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058527876106706">Catalonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119155680">Jerman</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007455804105171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n87912011">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00449248">Jepun</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ntk20211109654&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35336679">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073541494">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810602540705606">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/75175">Sweden</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamus biografi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119155680.html?language=en">Jerman</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00788659?l=en">CiNii (Jepun)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/497386">MathSciNet</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=105781">Projek Genealogi Matematik</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:goppert-mayer.maria">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/203961/">Aplikasi Berfaset Terminologi Subjek</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/17b0a521-f5e8-449f-9cfb-8ad401c6b838">(artis)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangkaian_Perpustakaan_Switzerland_Barat" title="Rangkaian Perpustakaan Switzerland Barat">RERO (Switzerland)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003304146">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A003576708">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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