CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135e3c0bf1640aa',cH: '22ZzJH8Jm2t0.R20uB.8JvsBUXpCEqhhv3Ec93dsfDA-1739796485-1.2.1.1-ZqgiheMzYZyn6qxR6Om508w.7t8ax0WH436tMOZKkQc_.SmchvHDMcAi.S4htGjd',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=ion%20irradiation&__cf_chl_tk=SMXwunVG.knQATEI6KY3yK7Fpz_aPwH19s40illDSto-1739796485-1.0.1.1-3jgHdhC4JYinj89Jt6b7UaZf.T74FOJtrZYe1aopn.I",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796485',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=ion%20irradiation&__cf_chl_f_tk=SMXwunVG.knQATEI6KY3yK7Fpz_aPwH19s40illDSto-1739796485-1.0.1.1-3jgHdhC4JYinj89Jt6b7UaZf.T74FOJtrZYe1aopn.I",md: "iG9_olHuGF50UQswy.d1KwSRv.ukkrkpdJPi5d3ax7M-1739796485-1.2.1.1-jaEk.4yWRC6A0LSs8lPdnARGQFSDBE68nND8DNVNqN2iENIOSmiYThP4U_DtQrr6Q8TkgYCSvD6ITSljXK1ZGX2FyvQ36OuObVc4JzwRLGiOKN7DYHaH1DAr4ThIq9fsYf.zIpNI_YKJGG0Gsi4dXXDThBNIE.jxyajJxIsJaoxzbXyj0WlrtXtbLKGSVshssi4gbKApRCRXXWnxKS6vfE2qA7cSARPqct42V21D.9Z4Wy2P_kT.1TgfLdQStbiofdN7t2Uqm9lbiw6pB0uSw06qsBFp1eZ_qMHMnGGvdlMZqkFWYNJ6O_wVdniXpEIz9dfwelTww8lsKdKN92D_pOxFu3m6D7iWQLLxgZiI9zyb.nSrIiqJYUMGps0wGdo82RHoMv2rs9j7EYlwLvlhki03Xd2eY3_1S0gy5yM9ZM8PqDzt4fEJZK7hDCqNNLRtgifFNyDgI7DukUeMatjr5dkJZfm4tjfOml_Xu9JSdEVNrt_BWNXVZHL76ALRTW9Uq4rJ_xLBuSvFQcQJ4UWXXKktY0jpVQoB1mZFBgUHsswYOepSPQIJoq1BLpRG14s3EXsJDZAbKXwifpYol9wyIgDx8B9zAJfJkYPkVvIfq3YVNn.P0AvYEUJh6xYVxi3tN3IfdsMzTdLbfm9PWTr375fesXhaejaNBWS80Tog_tPUgQ96bgOrlBmtUT9hjCf_anmVY8udo61CY3PPmy171c5g5HjDd9d.NCS3n0wA2bd6bg01yN_L1l30p6PiY9lC3_WWII0ji1FhoIY1Xun0f030tE0yIa_oA9fNWIxcyOsmsyXyltKbAWSU9rFXpYXtnfjcyk83_mPdJSQfkUMKcQjO.qPSi.J_DqyfWzR2ZTyG9e6o309J8h5.MsRux7bwHJMTp70nedcqAbUgcu8YHNFmJB_arGyvepHiBtV850I29v3__aXN0yXEybbfJ.0K9ZlAZ2vaPFijBUghskcC2ZYQ7OrL3I21deLgj4itEoCQduV6PN98yZ6UhcoHoI14CiBWFJS_Zc_9taLcIWPglzb9vba_LDKrqJNpSlszq1hFI55J8CH_32d8wrI9ELKVgU_YtD2u1jW73zbp4UumgTAttMZknG6Q9cG3lMpKv_ERGUyThySMK7wo66FUb2t7ATJ2mrhWVua0ZurCRQ5bS40OFcqrrGuOk8TUf88g40Knbq.6LeS3mrdd755cdEuppv0AkATY3g32SR5e7Hhz2aDgpk0ril3CKOPt_AoSYwXf8S1Y8VZaBB0hwGMFxubt2SMl1FDN7zCnXTncqBkuZ.D4WyIC1ytTPe56jIHjy90M233S2Q0rgiLnVOf0Ns_h4Aw1G.ysdKkMmj.3rpH3YrGPLL9yYTBv.xsaoOjkmEO4qdKz7Bvh3Wt0vo9pZ_LTmVkBaeEDw9i8IJKGhaOtmX1hWY05TsKiprfNIr_ZZrkhIOlQ5MoVgr3r_aoBMr6WixGPUI7C.GcVylK475wKQXW1S2b45Yi_jox6.FFwpsU4ADZZawq1tvBoL9Ugkf6PE8NwgniCGTz2ob455dWYOZNVo92VcEaQy3rfNVfNDwfq9JSBI0yD3ZkW0tZ7YYnh4OMutUk8h94p7DdwJKONlJDH962p8pxeov3ArcDCj.hKNdAOyfJsSKL61JAnMBdvLaDfkr_xvvuUjfa0ld9kc.CCTnEz6xzq7Z5OJQhuX7z2e8fajwxLKHkRkW3lKxBZuJGt5OitKoLU5Q5RRn8o9fIriTNYni8GbEHSYin_ck.kWzkWuhK0ttPEu4R3smYPN03aTViQW4MK4bUgr5hRLybsRNGjmqev83j9PctWF.lOxRHLu9XWq10QC0GsjJrQT1ehayocmMIEyP63DU7R1ZwC.MJ7yHmIgQHtJvspBgLIJTl2i.pOojJxxUyauG_ov1e2fLzhDBD6odb1mES3tXUdu6109S56xL13d2ksijY",mdrd: "pr8ux._WU9MP1LcbMxM1dZ16ZwOlI2D3K_Cfsr8W.mw-1739796485-1.2.1.1-LtWsxa9j1ae0my115cO7.v8xfICZLK.xG9u14Fu63C8E44NJHNFfLPHU5VwBSNmEqcd4dAedEQ.hfKImp39ElCrWhOP_fCb41OYfI5k.RaNZFOaykV49GVZInsyDLC.2o9s5ChSHsL.5G9pVLplBziTziRFKjVJB.ykpwm3VNfDZO0z_NgSEI.kdr95UspHEgfCzxKDvDBREQpiPUHl84NOuIREquTbZQdaFGCJd4xAIdCIrRey3jQBmhz91Y6gVewFCwDsJrBOyBsJYb4NYrTAZ81J2sHo4F1R1nhNDbwnV2awNtUO4r3lhnXidB9fetHooE3Ia3kMEKxvbrnRhnfYRduwLbR4j5h5E1Wi1iAGvKI7Y5p8YlW1V9qTGoQximDNevcpVUhSOqTvChZG2fNzfPCKGRmV7riYFhIAHd3phv9.xtvC7432IsJpWjIC1SpOoSOwVJuFQxaSvlB3zZVEtUljwyvi7HbQPW4SWD_qqxJoan._B40ElIKvnzJcHmKyo9hW_9qswmsX6ghszYOCjUsVdReTLg3u9QVrMhIyuim0g_zEHp0l68uRTtQN4a7.MdtgMj.fNhaVyfx5FZmCCHpbD4HfHwCKwBEN6a3C3jER3vVDpYndsRgX0f2_oCIsMy4itgbz0P5Cc0Umm87vOGp6sB8EaOm.N9CBQ4.K_kGQSroF.J4eymZbvct._IUdQ1J4Qxh9w49fgE.KsBMSz_tXaMq3h6hK9UHY56OKNoNWR9HlKfnNL_sZyGtJttNQbbZ9_zfYReEGaKVWeH19hq84AgD4yCIgGpy6RwuLr5Bev2KzKvBdbfS89noGU9POU0rgGHw2o4.2QO8VutkEl3NmoeBw3pmjLhXn.J83VmNYy28AGeEXu47aBwS46VgCn9muhXYSDoxbp_Ch2msKpG8CdvYYkAmtsyGol.JTEiWcTv9RiTqIKBA5xojLwa_A2ZPIubnQatheLDzbnghg5D63vuN4BPKWmXRVApTc7OZE_rzlF1NTRwerNBABcmwORCl1HHa3WqIC2oYcOf7h.OXaAbgPIOd.4ETbY40SbMWDszf.eaT9J3XZULnIhUhFXREg.6CQiIkwy.L9Tp3dJmd5AZoZJDhzaAniRvuy5iyx6WcCq7Zq1Ir74D6D9oLb.GTjGVfmhix97uqm2VJs05uE6jmg5TmJy_IQ.gxg4803kxOVMgm_qpQVuPlb3rCaesCst83_3sr3LjuiIFryNcYuSSqp2z3PkTrU2ILADq_erFzt2rRmKDRSydqZFuFCOb6_CuyP63oS2T_z3JIQlxI5K5CxkQdRAzz6HrI4yDjIs9aohWh6D4y_Am.dEB1PgvQLEGF9_lvkM_ReByVQXNuZRn3jkPi6z50ekznTN_4SSphWHOLE.ioweUjCsKkrLSiQ_0bioOa_npqqrOZEA6GAkVvLqMF9fdiSOjDSWwUClWdw85.yWWgCGloqZup3GiqQj.MsmTBUpadJH7tIbh9cbYWGn19v9YVDzInwWDG_esMV4IYrYu0jIZ0JVx3mVWieJBFElvSentoubd56RDmhcmAsNxCFflvfC8d2YxhETbqWZFhEXfc_7jR7GnJbEdY4yDsQ2cGyBqdmLXEWB6jOBbaVaXuoigXeg7JY6pN4f_xZ7EV2Z7C8Ki4uMt17bDQbE3B_6TBjGfhjCDQlyNL9xFV1MkRSUNjB0J2pC4yz6pCuPrAtsUcDOSIgGGDPobggKthXk5BPy0y_j4TIE63zqUmlmIW_hjJp0gJmI7_3MTnB3QevAVHzxCeC6QC9R726.t4FspG4MDpghl7hzR7qQiE9WDGqLaCiKpFrI7YhZzRjsKJvQ69tzlzK83TssGFPtT8htF8bZ2VrgAS3mFrgLSU1OsAxGZcSET_ciGeBv6BFT_1MpcjEfhU0tJUZJk45o1ZJfOSBnYhZqEcJTcvBLCREBRdSc13sLbxh79xSTdG2E8YdXW6_reGrL"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135e3c0bf1640aa';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=ion%20irradiation&__cf_chl_rt_tk=SMXwunVG.knQATEI6KY3yK7Fpz_aPwH19s40illDSto-1739796485-1.0.1.1-3jgHdhC4JYinj89Jt6b7UaZf.T74FOJtrZYe1aopn.I" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>