CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913697253d539cb9',cH: 'J2jt04oX3WJDDLn7CbRCRnwOXN.Uxxu9KTh5f7XfSkI-1739803833-1.2.1.1-5PjqFb9tJFEnkTzPfcfk7LhVHURg7KrsFWt7dCmDJvaM5MmxA.l5liRsiwdHqq2M',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=multi-phase&__cf_chl_tk=D.ROop7RQ2opKUl06LkFk2Yj57xJDMk_9B3Z_BNgDDw-1739803833-1.0.1.1-DDuYtzapScZ2ww_GCrh8yNmA2qPhIXH3aGOId4GLCMs",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739803833',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=multi-phase&__cf_chl_f_tk=D.ROop7RQ2opKUl06LkFk2Yj57xJDMk_9B3Z_BNgDDw-1739803833-1.0.1.1-DDuYtzapScZ2ww_GCrh8yNmA2qPhIXH3aGOId4GLCMs",md: "T_Y1Nx0HkhOUs1oB.Eby0XxPyEpP0VlLle2ULKI1nI8-1739803833-1.2.1.1-u8tJoaJC4sUWH0Sdp9sw2w_QBrPPmkCRh8FPTYUokzeFrKh4wzSFytnxGQioiKlxeDIoocZ4rRRuKCafVNy2xsrMg0HpItaWpOHkcjyA68vlN696OJXSbBF.ZxePWFNdo42d8UUGbBSwntX715pNjRbrrjN9QurS5NHgFJom_LFNRj651DyCwamgD277.1NS7f5w5j2O1.gT5_Wd4AR9e1yCVaSuY1Z2jlcxPqTgpj1ozo9p5biBCvCjmUqhsBPgV.YS913zrxiZlta.QU.0_AioMX8.OenOIqDP3tOs_YUT01EOFvtDEgLyN78AL5rxOpIoZqtA54KNiIsv_PRoVlzukvylYwsBZ3GnhXU7HLg66fsCV.a7Rq0WodE5OwEdWV3sZO9kptIHzufvXBs2fIywM1WQT5kaPTbJvSglI0roaEuMEOiDxwCnrhwmSSiIxzXupTmlGKFSvbdCVb5FuaNoYLA_nSyoZqr_9gwam1NEZcnxumTqf.Nk_imijeAaEusdZ_FA1R7BurQCiBQ5kcCeJiN4c1bbONjPNl5EstVdaA2ytoAuAM6Hc5hQwb0_EdMtrgZGtbY4H0vKIS8Bg6boh1wKwFeVgJsIl2kT1uvTqCWz3s8cBD2NoFHIteZiLNhvwu1nNNesySx_WOKXZJFcN9cQk2llVJfDzBw1VSNOKyXcSOwaO.lt4zEz5ABnB8UzmFZIYPEABqAy1G81_qQUZ2utG0R1.YP6T2GQO4AdOs3AkdJXFFW58hcCj6Ek03GMALlzk5CSr3PWG3K3o0hr3FRB9swljFRmnzKzK0DnFDgExwSYEWuGyGrxqfdh8AGumybiLPttADlB9JuflQ3mOWvAYgS_EeuktGS.sqMyf3JhUsbrL.uxZGWQSJJJuhhOZTWvA9_4bGhbe6_YoOedoKsr8rkGrC91G4dgp9Il7yp8__2UtbRJkR7eTG_wTuB7WJqNWs1Ewvj3FDvbkd2Ek7fKzGtoUGqLSNRJRz4w9iehTh4NcyTgLKGaZPQ9ZKilD.1aBxRe3K0DkdrFVtEVSZjc6P4V4VgSUn7FTpuvCer8n7jtc5yFenGAZGlK0H.COUVWjwTpCcFTxbZ3Oz0rZYaE8hpzFC4QwXDoiA3bjm8gYGx6S.9u1FPoZs0BEB0p810iC8pkQ_ouS3i6NHrWnt3.uqySYbP9ckdZWUk4sqFkHKcAf_oYaqF.Z.2v7gPd8.2spVxbRdxBaGYAsieZ3taNERfOYrx1sOo_nGurB6x6MIM9u4PxmzrbjNVr.FqE5f4Gv4iuOuU3RPczQPb8WO9bEt2ZiV4OsqjvYqXhnfPIj3xmU6izecbgLXeVYF3TQ948myGyc4c_BH3JKmuU7YQUwPR1E4GzalKWWKKOwAsVWFXv85LsDyiNSfFn1KyTy7.9sRYV1.bJpdFsBvuvhZqImbbQJXERWePE7psH03HV2xmGamNzEGtEfTdT2fVL2J7G1b9AuP2WFPl8BxBUnzHuCIhsV.7.BG4z3dp.8joi3SIhw9KTcJF8GLJUMpy9jO7bmKuHQDltL8.xTOVaTJ4ManJlTB2w.FWjTlkxaRAl0mwuwr5vFs.mop4RLUyg39kcOzr6xmv95tr5sEwnd2bDRqyFW9EyM.hy.IZqISDe7yCls5Dd1MPXtIiSmdzVEbOWV77R.tHhNQHQ82dWop28906dLPm4EQWOI8XoIEMkdO0fETIHsmpWGS0F4SXEaVi2EcjnFzPIG17Zc2kYhavMr6yiVqITzQtR9eLy6JdHc8t6dcdMo25Nv7q6ea7Mydv_eUsJuWA2QMDk3ho4jZmp.fDn5FLTJQQ4QKRkF4yZxX5jfOyh09JpKa5Oq7osv6yAxwarLWPVAhJiZvz9TwJSeFf5CEuqOEqRdcHqrvKdYNPILhUPaeP4mHmLiy7knTDwU.T7LhJwV9PMJg",mdrd: "6Zspi08Cs_uLkLiNV9nc4cYpAnbVz8B_L61mDOVjw7U-1739803833-1.2.1.1-MX054LagwIpywFsuS1daoQLz2fDGYJPIHtPg1lnnDvoCD6xPLhzmFOAQdWYsC0MOIfg0Ze.kZfFV.wgeP_wIfQAn.ct.IoLgxydWrrfiAf6ICEdtIX0aJ7doyYXYQmjY07OXYu_MGXC_le7Mikav5Ju5ikihSsPm.LiYIILqrEjfe1Yv7A7tNwVUKkRqmKO6RBLUBP6ZrdSvB3iyfsmSsdRQ63jep_KqBGRHFCUMTbhWwZtKjh15hCSN199OgDRUe3cHW8iOsc2WGfpgS.VcvbTVvV9kFFwkmQGeHsv2iy7FiPwxtI_vnzM9rlBktmv6ZCQbVwpz0QRlHKNMiOgWxGnqe3WbWIYK9zN2slQMpS7J2aT9u2dB0H8Gk1E6o58hbs7t6xZypHP56omrE_EcCVENkRUgM.9elVsuFIcvREzCQyOhFAXQQOxzsNtFcw7BemY1lD_uIReVRmac5x4Mb1Rx.cx7Ll3EPUN_Tm1ZBIBWa8LL5gav0MDUKiJ5ZWOO7sVv1eEFa9KGDZTWLXAHklH_jpz6B4Vb.Te_0Wgj59Nyw_u5KQmvAZBN8dCZXt8dR2cMrpWKd55RoVfKHXoBrR.YtJDMCV2sPfBnrTTMRAjpXPeVWX36u904Wumedw_Otj_CpnZDJaL_IvDcdlieHNGJ68KFhqQs834UKuNgsqist8qu_lTNhOT1YVQtsuDOQhWbP_yKXbXuSHx1rKpYf_miz2GxhFbnMx180K1zqA00UDB60U3dnk2gE.v_kmLHCWCYKY89tmlGncwZk4OL5z0n4sacA3iTt.4olffnAC5SFnbO9_fcOjAosaNb71jqrTotlLhunkCxJDU7uiRyEzpq4gXlFb3MBjrxOiGtFw0CQ.p5k.c7KdMKVY.qbhfCL120cFtTXkyMIn_ZQPpsH_I4wUSROEFARbfhUKfT__awYWT2Sa9YqvqhKbYgeQJ8UHo1G3e2jBRRgtPBLgxvhq3OB7O3betoTqiBL6K2_uE8rqTWvaARI0eRno6MLT23hdkCpsGsNNzEiYoaxQmNzpumTC6JaTJg1EOVOjiiK0x2cmnGj4cnBrT4KiVgJp_Ghbu2RWEYvreggfbsH02pg_ydN.zrkpjdaeSI7IWKTWNsCwSq1Fq_qRzcXs_Q5lhcN82U6EIyyg797y5pmCMOZQiIhXRP.LuHVTWmvpmV.lqxVJES9to6cYE_zWvv5M.VL5NPG8JAeKDN3i36mx3QIXQOtaQWrWHyX.z2DfaW4xhSCyopwMnkqiw5CfdZ_YaCj_fmWm_Jgsi5mtZVnT.lzljnynqrYQ6Ramp2gXJ.4C8OMmjoRw1pUoAkBMQEg5d9slmj8nwkVFT6pSomIkTT2AvslrfpIccyCgR6N5_uca277WroFYuFIIqXv3MEz97iyiK16HuuHPMS.6k4Pw9gOs5pU2qaifw47rAqa8M_suWU7Xep91WHh30DT9iplghmlQxOTbLo7JoJA7_tH52GCRCKRsKZFXdhqa_iZtNNY7EjrKnQUlICV5loP0qnP3jyMhKfL.IZVDxaIn9sxxz8M72qT83hJUMY50icAqnXmoH6lNWBdE7ru83wS58r99y45v1tgN2UKaC_4IxFiZZKX3drZu_GOrAe4AlNwc0ZTn.LhIIl8hCIc5SohJLTtDbF.NeMT2LbXMLrjwduzib7adn19sHboIHzZ06sOZKSuPKwVdu8_3F40pU.Yd41qmiOBFrg.OJXkL7fEg8Pw2Zg5aBDks9ztRknmpyoRO.64.dy42I7_D5uzxMpVhxpIkLWeo2310JjwFWqw9V59_aySWaSWRkb0NQPzugHou4hQT583SoFESTteIDvSPIFFtG0qRKEXNhAG2KrHhhfjqrpcsaj6i3XOZwMG7ORxDuIJnblZFD0UE7ClJQvQsIeQE6fvyLNLTFpgX8yGBD6yHTjoYKjSlC1Llf25qm_G3.Of6cUfDKT2w6mD_dJ3Wl0tlwq"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913697253d539cb9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=multi-phase&__cf_chl_rt_tk=D.ROop7RQ2opKUl06LkFk2Yj57xJDMk_9B3Z_BNgDDw-1739803833-1.0.1.1-DDuYtzapScZ2ww_GCrh8yNmA2qPhIXH3aGOId4GLCMs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>