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terrorism</h3> </div>  </div>   <section class="layout-content py-8"> <div class="container"> <div class="grid grid-cols-12 gap-8"> <section class="col-span-12 md:col-span-9">         <div id="block-addtoanybuttons" class="block-region-content-top addtoany-block block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block" data-region="content-top">    <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/extremism-ranks-and-after" data-a2a-title="Extremism in the Ranks and After"><a class="a2a_button_print"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a></span>  </div>      <div id="block-pagetitle" class="block-region-content-top page-title-block block block-core block-page-title-block" data-region="content-top">    <h1 class="page-title">     <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Extremism in the Ranks and After</span>  </h1>  </div>           <div id="block-umd-content" class="block-region-content system-main-block block block-system block-system-main-block" data-region="content">     <article data-history-node-id="35580" role="article" about="/publication/extremism-ranks-and-after" class="node-35580 prose max-w-none node node--type-publication node--view-mode-full"> <div class="node__content">     <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abstract:</div> <div class="field__item"><p>On February 5, 2021, United States Secretary of Defense, Lloyd J. Austin III, announced a department-wide stand-down to address the problem of extremism in the ranks. This announcement, followed by one in April establishing the Counter Extremism Working Group, emphasizes the need for the Department of Defense to achieve a better understanding of the scope and nature of the problem. This research brief, which explores data from the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) project, is intended to help in this effort by providing information on the military service backgrounds of individuals who committed extremist crimes in the U.S. from 1990 through the end of April 2024.</p> <p>The data used in this research brief are from an ongoing project to expand the PIRUS database with supplemental information on the military backgrounds of U.S. extremists. This brief provides data on the rates of military service among U.S. extremists, as well as their branch, ideological, and extremist group affiliations. The brief also provides a closer look at the individuals with military backgrounds who have been charged with taking part in the Capitol breach on January 6, 2021. An analysis of the effects of combat deployment on the radicalization of U.S. extremists as well as specific radicalization risk factors, including online recruitment, mental health concerns, and substance use disorders, can be found in the full report at <a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/radicalization-ranks">https://www.start.umd.edu/publication/radicalization-ranks</a>.</p> <p><strong><a class="button" href="https://www.start.umd.edu/sites/default/files/publications/local_attachments/Extremism In the Ranks and After - Research Brief - May 2024 Final.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="white">View Publication</font></a></strong></p> </div> </div>      <div id="node-publication-full-group-publication-info" class="group-publication-info field-group-div info-block info-line"> <h3>Publication Information</h3>     <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-full-citation field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Full Citation:</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Jensen, Michael, Sheehan Kane, and Elena Akers. 2024. "Extremism in the Ranks and After." College Park, MD: START (April).</p> </div> </div>      <div class="field field--name-field-author-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">START Author(s):</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/people/michael-jensen" hreflang="und">Michael Jensen</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/people/sheehan-kane" hreflang="und">Sheehan Kane</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/people/elena-akers" hreflang="und">Elena Akers</a></div> </div> </div>      <div class="field field--name-field-publication-url field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Publication URL:</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.start.umd.edu/sites/default/files/publications/local_attachments/Extremism In the Ranks and After - Research Brief - May 2024 Final.pdf" target="_blank">Visit Website</a></div> </div>  </div>      <div id="node-publication-full-group-additional-info" class="group-additional-info field-group-div info-block info-line group-tags"> <h3>Additional Info</h3>     <div class="field field--name-field-research-area field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Research Area:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/research-areas/radical-beliefs-and-behavior" hreflang="en">Radical Beliefs and Behavior</a></div> </div> </div>      <div class="field field--name-field-topics field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topics:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topics/right-wing-terrorism" hreflang="en">Right-wing Terrorism</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topics/psychology-terrorism" hreflang="en">Psychology of Terrorism</a></div> </div> </div>      <div class="field field--name-field-regions field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Regions:</div> <div class="field__items"> <div 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