CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"dc5cc120-33e1-48c3-87af-e487406c48ab","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961","wgTitle":"Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961","wgCurRevisionId":1275607589,"wgRevisionId":1275607589,"wgArticleId":71908210,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 errors: missing periodical","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2016","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1: long volume value","CS1 maint: date and year","CS1 German-language sources (de)", "Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use mdy dates from July 2024","1961 in cannabis","2020 in cannabis","2021 in cannabis","2020 cannabis law reform","2021 cannabis law reform","Drug control law","Drug policy reform"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961","wgRelevantArticleId":71908210,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false, "nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q115533464","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs_1961 rootpage-Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs_1961 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Removal+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Removal+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Removal+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Removal+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cannabis_in_the_Single_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannabis_in_the_Single_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cannabis in the Single Convention</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cannabis_in_the_Single_Convention-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cannabis in the Single Convention subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cannabis_in_the_Single_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cannabis,_resin,_and_extracts_and_tinctures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannabis,_resin,_and_extracts_and_tinctures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cannabis, resin, and extracts and tinctures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cannabis,_resin,_and_extracts_and_tinctures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cannabis_plant,_cannabis_leaves,_and_cannabidiol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannabis_plant,_cannabis_leaves,_and_cannabidiol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cannabis plant, cannabis leaves, and cannabidiol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cannabis_plant,_cannabis_leaves,_and_cannabidiol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tetrahydrocannabinol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tetrahydrocannabinol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tetrahydrocannabinol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tetrahydrocannabinol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inclusion_in_Schedule_IV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inclusion_in_Schedule_IV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Inclusion in Schedule IV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inclusion_in_Schedule_IV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous_demands_for_rescheduling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_demands_for_rescheduling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Previous demands for rescheduling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_demands_for_rescheduling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mandates_for_a_scientific_assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandates_for_a_scientific_assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Mandates for a scientific assessment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandates_for_a_scientific_assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_assessment_by_the_World_Health_Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_assessment_by_the_World_Health_Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Scientific assessment by the World Health Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_assessment_by_the_World_Health_Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Review_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Review_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Review process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Review_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recommendations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recommendations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Recommendations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recommendations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption_of_the_recommendation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_of_the_recommendation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Adoption of the recommendation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption_of_the_recommendation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delays_prior_to_the_vote_and_intergovernmental_discussions_at_the_United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delays_prior_to_the_vote_and_intergovernmental_discussions_at_the_United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Delays prior to the vote and intergovernmental discussions at the United Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delays_prior_to_the_vote_and_intergovernmental_discussions_at_the_United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Vote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vote_of_European_Union_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vote_of_European_Union_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2.1</span> <span>Vote of European Union countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vote_of_European_Union_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_and_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_and_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath and consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_and_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q115533464#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&oldid=1275607589" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs%2C_1961&id=1275607589&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRemoval_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs%2C_1961"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRemoval_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs%2C_1961"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs%2C_1961&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q115533464" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Change in international cannabis scheduling</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about cannabis rescheduling in United Nations treaties. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rescheduling_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cannabis rescheduling (disambiguation)">Cannabis rescheduling (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>The <b>removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs</b> is a change in <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> that took place from 2019 to 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the basis of a scientific assessment by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the United Nations adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</a> in 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-:18_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cannabis and cannabis resin had been listed in Schedule IV, the most tightly restricted category, reserved for drugs that are "particularly liable to abuse and to produce ill effects" and whose "liability is not offset by substantial therapeutic advantages."<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its initial placement in this category was not based on science, and no international scientific assessment had been undertaken until 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the December 2, 2020, vote by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from that Schedule entered into force in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2021, cannabis and cannabis resin remain listed in Schedule I of the Single Convention, alongside extracts and tinctures of cannabis.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cannabis_in_the_Single_Convention">Cannabis in the Single Convention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Cannabis in the Single Convention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannabis,_resin,_and_extracts_and_tinctures"><span id="Cannabis.2C_resin.2C_and_extracts_and_tinctures"></span>Cannabis, resin, and extracts and tinctures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cannabis, resin, and extracts and tinctures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Single Convention is the main international treaty related to <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa"><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">products</a>. In its Article 1, the Single Convention defines "<b>cannabis</b>" as the "flowering or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant (excluding the seeds and leaves when not accompanied by the tops) from which the resin has not been extracted, by whatever name they may be designated;" while "<b>cannabis resin</b>" is defined as "the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant." At the adoption of the Convention in 1961, cannabis and cannabis resin were listed in both Schedule I and Schedule IV.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schedule I includes substances that are highly addictive and highly liable to <a href="/wiki/Substance_use_disorder" title="Substance use disorder">substance use disorders</a>, or that are convertible into controlled drugs, while Schedule IV lists "certain drugs listed in Schedule I that are highly addictive and highly liable to abuse and rarely used in medical practice."<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schedule IV is a "stricter subset of schedule I, that specifies extra control measures."<sup id="cite_ref-:9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannabis_plant,_cannabis_leaves,_and_cannabidiol"><span id="Cannabis_plant.2C_cannabis_leaves.2C_and_cannabidiol"></span>Cannabis plant, cannabis leaves, and cannabidiol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cannabis plant, cannabis leaves, and cannabidiol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "<b>cannabis plant</b>" is defined as "any plant of the genus Cannabis" but has never been listed in any Schedule. Only cannabis and cannabis resin are listed in the Schedules of the Single Conventions. Since "drugs" are defined as those substances listed in the Schedules, "cannabis plant" is not considered a drug according to the Single Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "<b>leaves</b>" of cannabis plants are in a similar case: while it is not listed in the Schedules, and is therefore not a "drug" in the meaning of the Single Convention, "cannabis leaves" are subject to some light measures of control under Article 28 of the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since only "cannabis," "cannabis resin," and "extracts and tinctures of cannabis" are listed in the Schedules of the Single Convention, some analysts and governments consider that <a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">cannabidiol</a> (<b>CBD</b>) is not a "narcotic drug" in the meaning of the Single Convention,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a> consider that actual CBD products are in fact extracts of cannabis and should therefore be considered as Scheduled.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tetrahydrocannabinol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-9-THC</a> (tetrahydrocannabinol, or <a href="/wiki/Dronabinol" title="Dronabinol">dronabinol</a>) is not listed in the Schedules of the Single Convention but in the Schedules of a distinct treaty: the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a> of 1971. It has its own scheduling history: <i>delta</i>-9-THC was downgraded from Schedule I to Schedule II of the 1971 Convention in 1991, while other isomers of THC (such as <i>delta</i>-8-THC, <i>delta</i>-10-THC, etc.) remained in Schedule I.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclusion_in_Schedule_IV">Inclusion in Schedule IV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inclusion in Schedule IV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although treaties preceding the Single Convention "contained the first provisions related to cannabis prohibiting the export of cannabis resin to countries that prohibited its use [...], however, no international attempts were made to control the traditional use of cannabis."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">UN Economic and Social Council</a> convened a <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary_Conference" title="Plenipotentiary Conference">Plenipotentiary Conference</a> of 73 nations for the negotiation and adoption of the Single convention on narcotic drugs. That meeting was known as the United Nations Conference on Narcotic Drugs. </p><p>Under Article 3 of the Single Convention,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> is mandated with assessing substances for their inclusion or move in, or withdrawal from the Schedules of the international drug control conventions. Within the WHO, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expert_Committee_on_Drug_Dependence_of_the_World_Health_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization (page does not exist)">Expert Committee on Drug Dependence</a> (or ECDD, previously called Expert Committee on "Habit-forming Drugs" and on "Drugs Liable to Produce Addiction"<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is tasked with the scientific evidence-based assessment of substances. But even before the Single Convention, the committee had this mandate under previous drug control treaties.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ECDD first included cannabis on its agenda at its 3rd meeting (1952), and then again at its 4th (1953), 5th (1954), and 11th (1960) meetings, before the plenipotentiary conference was convened.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They repeatedly concluded that "there is no justification for the medical use of cannabis preparations"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that "there should be an extension of the effort towards the abolition of cannabis from all legitimate medical practice."<sup id="cite_ref-:9_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assessments have been criticized for their lack of scientific methodology, and reliance on doubtful sources such as reports from South African police at times of the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid regime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the basis of the conclusions drawn by the ECDD, the United Nations Conference on Narcotic Drugs decided to list cannabis and cannabis resin in Schedules I and IV, while listing "extracts and tinctures" only in Schedule I.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1970, a letter between U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health,_Education,_and_Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare">Assistant Secretary of Health</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_O._Egeberg" title="Roger O. Egeberg">Roger O. Egeberg</a> and U.S. congressman <a href="/wiki/Harley_Orrin_Staggers" title="Harley Orrin Staggers">Harley O. Staggers</a> suggests that many stakeholders saw the classification in Schedule I and IV of the convention as provisional:</p><blockquote><p>"Some question has been raised whether the use of the plant itself produces "severe psychological or physical dependence" as required by a schedule I or even schedule II criterion. Since there is still a considerable void in our knowledge of the plant and effects of the active drug contained in it, our recommendation is that marijuana be retained within schedule I at least until the completion of certain studies now underway to resolve the issue."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The "certain studies" refers to the anticipated findings of the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_Marijuana_and_Drug_Abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse">National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse</a>. The Commission released a 1972 report favoring decriminalization. However, findings of the commission had no impact on the international scheduling of cannabis. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_demands_for_rescheduling">Previous demands for rescheduling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Previous demands for rescheduling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has long been some controversy over whether cannabis is "particularly liable to abuse and to produce ill effects" and whether that "liability is not offset by substantial therapeutic advantages", as required by Schedule IV criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already in 1973, the Commentary on the Single Convention edited by <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary-General</a> pointed out that "should the results of the intensive research which is at the time of this writing being undertaken on the effects of [cannabis and cannabis resin] so warrant, they could be deleted from Schedule IV, and these two drugs, as well as extracts and tinctures of cannabis, could be transferred from Schedule I to Schedule II."<sup id="cite_ref-drugtext1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugtext1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">endocannabinoid receptor system</a> in the late 1980s, which revolutionized the scientific understanding of the psychopharmacological effects of cannabis, and the important progresses in <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_research" title="Medical cannabis research">research related to the</a> <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical uses of the plant</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugtext.org_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugtext.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> questions as to the validity of the placement of cannabis and cannabis resin in Schedule IV increased, seen as representing "a historical anomaly [that] should be reviewed at the earliest opportunity."<sup id="cite_ref-:10_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the United States, there has been <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">a number of lawsuits over whether cannabis' Schedule IV status</a> under the Single Convention requires total <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(drugs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition (drugs)">prohibition</a> at the national level (such as <i>NORML v. Ingersoll 497 F.2d 654</i> in 1974 or <i>NORML v. DEA 559 F.2d 735</i> in 1977). In the 2000s, members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Kathalijne_Buitenweg" title="Kathalijne Buitenweg">Kathalijne Buitenweg</a> criticized the Single Convention's cannabis scheduling regime.<sup id="cite_ref-report_A5-2003-0085_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report_A5-2003-0085-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chanvre-info1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chanvre-info1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, a Canadian Senate committee report noted that:</p><blockquote><p>"The argument for placing cannabis in [Schedule IV] was that it was widely abused. The WHO later found that cannabis could have medical applications after all, but the structure was already in place and no international action has since been taken to correct this anomaly."<sup id="cite_ref-Drugtext.org_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugtext.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> emphasised in 2020 that the placement of cannabis in Schedule IV had not been validated by any scientific assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mandates_for_a_scientific_assessment">Mandates for a scientific assessment</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mandates for a scientific assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In fall 2016, NGOs sent open letters to <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">WHO Director-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chan" title="Margaret Chan">Margaret Chan</a>, urging her to include cannabis as a review agenda item at the next ECDD meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the NGOs which sent the letter was in official relation with the WHO, making of its demand a mandate for the ECDD to comply with.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, in previous years, several bodies entitled to mandate a scientific review of cannabis by the ECDD had already requested it to do so:</p><blockquote><p>"the CND in 2009 (CND Resolution 52/5), the INCB in 2014, the ECDD itself in 2015, from the Czech republic in 2016 at the 69th <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In addition, the Caribbean Community also requested an ECDD review of cannabis, although in a report that was only published in 2018, after the review process had started. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_assessment_by_the_World_Health_Organization">Scientific assessment by the World Health Organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scientific assessment by the World Health Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scientific assessment was initiated in December 2016 with the announcement at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> by ECDD secretary, Dr Gilles Forte.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ECDD vowed to pre-review cannabis "within the next eighteen months from the 38th meeting"<sup id="cite_ref-:13_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was held in November 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Review_process">Review process</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Review process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The scientific assessment of substances is divided in two steps: pre-review and critical review.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the WHO:</p><blockquote><p>"The purpose of the pre-review is to determine whether current information justifies an Expert Committee critical review. The categories of information for evaluating substances in pre-reviews are identical to those used in critical reviews."<sup id="cite_ref-:13_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>As compared with the original assessments of cannabis from the 1950s "hastily drawn up on the back of an envelope, the methodology, quality of work and mechanisms for the review of substances considered for <a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">international control</a> have evolved substantially"<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the ECDD started to collect data towards a pre-review. The ECDD dedicated special attention to the assessment of various products from the <i>Cannabis</i> plant,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were divided as follows: </p><ul><li>Cannabis plant and cannabis resin</li> <li>Extracts and tinctures of cannabis</li> <li>Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)</li> <li>Cannabidiol (CBD)</li> <li>Isomers of THC.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A total of 3 ECDD meetings were involved with the assessment:<sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>From November 6 to 10, 2017 (39th meeting), the ECDD undertook a pre-review of CBD.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>From June 4 to 7, 2018 (40th meeting),<sup id="cite_ref-:14_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the first time, the ECDD dedicated a meeting only to the assessment of cannabis-related substances, with: <ul><li>the critical review of CBD,</li> <li>the pre-review of the 4 other products and substances.</li></ul></li> <li>From November 12 to 16, 2018 (41st meeting), the critical review of the remaining 4 cannabis products and substances.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul><p> The key finding of the ECDD after these reviews was that:</p><blockquote><p>"cannabis and cannabis resin are not particularly liable to produce ill-effects similar to the effects of the other substances in Schedule IV of the Convention on Narcotic Drugs. In addition, oral preparations of cannabis have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain and other medical conditions such as epilepsy and spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis."<sup id="cite_ref-:20_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>A number of scientists from around the world composed the ECDD:<sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Patrick Beardsley</b> </td> <td>Virginia Commonwealth University (United States) </td> <td>Professor of Pharmacology, Toxicology </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings. <p>Rapporteur of the 39th and 40th meetings </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Bruna Brands</b> </td> <td>At the 39th and 40th meetings: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto (Canada) <p>At the 41st meeting: Office of Drug Science and Surveillance, Controlled Substances Directorate, Health Canada (Canada) </p> </td> <td>At the 39th and 40th meetings: Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology <p>At the 41st meeting: Senior Science Advisor </p> </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings. <p>Chair of the 39th and 40th meetings </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ifeoma Toyin Ekwere</b> </td> <td>Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (Nigeria) </td> <td>Senior Consultant Anaesthesiologist </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Simon Elliott</b> </td> <td>Independent (United Kingdom); <p>King's College (United Kingdom) </p> </td> <td>Consultant Forensic Toxicologist; <p>Visiting professor in Forensic Toxicology </p> </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Katia Gysling</b> </td> <td>Pontificia Universidad Católica (Chile) </td> <td>Professor of Biological Sciences </td> <td>Temporary adviser at the 39th meeting. <p>Expert at the 40th and 41st meetings </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Raka Jain</b> </td> <td>National Drug Dependence <p>Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (India) </p> </td> <td>Professor of Chemistry </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pamela Kaduri</b> </td> <td>Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Tanzania) <p>At the 40th and 41st meetings, additionally: University of </p><p>Toronto (Canada) </p> </td> <td>Professor of Psychiatry </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings. <p>Rapporteur of the 41st meeting </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Junishi Kitanaka</b> </td> <td>Hyogo College of Medicine (Japan) </td> <td>Professor of Pharmacology </td> <td>Expert at the 40th and 41st meetings </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi</b> </td> <td>Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University (Thailand) </td> <td>Professor of Anatomy </td> <td>Temporary adviser at the 39th meeting. <p>Expert at the 40th and 41st meetings </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar</b> </td> <td>Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Iran) </td> <td>Professor of Psychiatry; Director, Iranian <p>National Centre for Addiction Studies </p> </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings. <p>Co-chair of the 41st meeting </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Jason White</b> </td> <td>University of South Australia (Australia) </td> <td>Professor of Pharmacology; Head of the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences </td> <td>Expert at the 39th, 40th and 41st meetings. <p>Co-chair of the 39th and 40th meetings. </p><p>Chair of the 41st meeting </p><p>Lead co-author of the Pre-review report on CBD (39th meeting) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recommendations">Recommendations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Recommendations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides the recommendation to withdraw "cannabis and cannabis resin" from Schedule IV, a number of recommendations were issued by the ECDD, and transmitted to governments by the <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director-General</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on July 23, 2018, January 24, 2019, and August 5, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In summary, the recommendations were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Number of the recommendation</b> </td> <td><b>ECDD meeting</b> </td> <td><b>Content of the recommendation</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>s.n.</i> </td> <td>40th (June 2018) </td> <td>Preparations considered to be pure cannabidiol (CBD) should not be scheduled within the international drug control conventions </td></tr> <tr> <td><u>5.1</u> </td> <td rowspan="8">41st (November 2018) </td> <td><u>Delete cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the 1961 Single Convention</u> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.2.1 </td> <td>Add delta-9-THC to Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.2.2 </td> <td>If 5.2.1 is adopted, delete delta-9-THC from Schedule II of the 1971 Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.3.1 </td> <td>If 5.2.2 is adopted, add other isomers of THC to Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.3.2 </td> <td>If 5.3.1 is adopted, delete other isomers of THC from Schedule I of the 1971 Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.4 </td> <td>Delete extracts and tinctures of cannabis from Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.5 </td> <td>Give effect to the recommendation of the 40th ECDD meeting [...] by adding a footnote to the entry for cannabis and cannabis resin in Schedule I of the 1961 Single Convention to read "Preparations containing predominantly CBD and not more than 0.2 per cent of delta-9-THC are not under international control” </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.6 </td> <td>Add preparations containing delta-9-THC* to Schedule III of the 1961 Single Convention. <p><i>* produced either by chemical synthesis or as preparations of cannabis, that are compounded as pharmaceutical preparations with one or more other ingredients and in such a way that delta-9-THC cannot be recovered by readily available means or in a yield which would constitute a risk to public health</i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption_of_the_recommendation">Adoption of the recommendation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adoption of the recommendation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recommendation 5.1 on the withdrawal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV, was the only recommendation which was adopted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delays_prior_to_the_vote_and_intergovernmental_discussions_at_the_United_Nations">Delays prior to the vote and intergovernmental discussions at the United Nations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Delays prior to the vote and intergovernmental discussions at the United Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although in general, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (CND) votes on ECDD recommendations at its next available session after WHO Director-General communicates them,<sup id="cite_ref-:16_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "this particular voting was subject to repeated delays, not only due to the complexity and interconnectedness of the recommendations, but also to organisational problems at WHO leadership and burdensome governmental discussions organised by the successive CND Chairs"<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vote was finally held during a reconvened session of the commission, which is highly unusual.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, problems and restrictions linked to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> difficulted the organization of the vote and led to unprecedented breaches in voting procedures, and "hampered the appropriate involvement of civil society stakeholders."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahead of the vote, dozens of organizations of <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical cannabis</a> <a href="/wiki/Patient" title="Patient">patients</a> from around the world submitted a joint statement titled "Support patient access to medicine, vote yes!"<sup id="cite_ref-:152_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:152-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vote">Vote</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Vote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 2, 2020, during its reconvened 63rd session, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> voted to withdraw "cannabis and cannabis resin" from Schedule IV of the Single Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>27 countries voted in favour, 25 against, and one abstained.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the other recommendations, "one did not require a vote, three were rejected and another four were not put on the ballot."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results and outcome of the vote are contained in the commission's Decision 63/17.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Results of the votes </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Voting country</b> </td> <td><b>Recommendation 5.1</b> </td> <td><b>Recommendation 5.2.1</b> </td> <td><b>Recommendation 5.4</b> </td> <td><b>Recommendation 5.5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Afghanistan</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Algeria</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Angola</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Australia</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Austria</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Bahrain</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Belgium</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Brazil</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Burkina Faso</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Canada</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Chile</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>China (Popular Republic of)</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Colombia</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Côte d'Ivoire</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Croatia</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Cuba</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Czech Republic</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ecuador</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Egypt</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>El Salvador</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>France</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Germany</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Hungary</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>India</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Iraq</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Italy</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Jamaica</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Japan</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kazakhstan</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kenya</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kyrgyzstan</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Libya</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Mexico</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Morocco</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Abstention </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nepal</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Abstention </td> <td>Abstention </td> <td>Abstention </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Netherlands</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Nigeria</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Pakistan</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>Abstention </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Peru</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Poland</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Russian federation</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>South Africa</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Spain</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Sweden</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Switzerland</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Thailand</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Togo</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Turkey</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Turkmenistan</b> </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Ukraine</b> </td> <td>Abstention </td> <td>Abstention </td> <td>Abstention </td> <td>Abstention </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>United Kingdom</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Uruguay</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>United States of America</b> </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td> <td>Yes </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Vote_of_European_Union_countries">Vote of European Union countries</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vote of European Union countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> decided that EU countries with a right to vote at the Commission on Narcotic Drugs would agree in advance a common position for their votes.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the European Commission argued that this common voting position was mandatory (sometimes termed "imperative mandate"<sup id="cite_ref-:19_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and not indicative (EU countries would be obliged to vote at the Commission on Narcotic Drugs according to the previously-agreed common EU position).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This move was criticised for a number of reasons, in particular the difficulty for EU countries, split between two different <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Regional_Groups" title="United Nations Regional Groups">United Nations Regional Groups</a> (EEG and WEOG), to negotiate a common position in both their regional group and the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Ahead of the vote, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> (via its <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_Drug_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal Drug Group">Horizontal Drug Group</a>) had agreed to a common position (yes to recommendations 5.1 to 5.4; no to recommendations 5.5 and 5.6).<sup id="cite_ref-:20_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its explanations of votes, the ambassador of the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a> declared:</p><blockquote><p>"The EU supported the adoption of recommendation 5.1 to delete cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, considering that it would allow more research, in line with our evidence-based drugs policy, on the medical use of cannabis and cannabis resin. It should be noted however that these substances continue to be controlled under schedule I of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>There were 12 <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states of the European Union</a> with voting rights at the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on Narcotic Drugs">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> on the day of the vote. However, only 11 voted as agreed, since Hungary voted no to recommendations 5.1 and 5.4. In February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> opened an infringement procedure against the country "for failure to follow the Union position when voting on the World Health Organisation recommendations on cannabis and cannabis-related substances at the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs in December 2020."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a reply from Hungary considered unsatisfactory, the European Commission declared:</p><blockquote><p>"Decisions on the international scheduling of substances under those conventions fall under the exclusive competence of the Union. The Union position – adopted by the Council in November 2020 – is binding on EU Member States, who have to vote accordingly in the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, in line with Article 218(9) TFEU. Hungary voted contrary to the Union position twice during the vote on the WHO recommendations. Cannabis remains a drug subject to international control. The WHO recommendations aimed to ensure that cannabis and cannabis-related substances are subject to the most relevant international control reflecting current scientific and medical knowledge. [...] Hungary now has two months to reply to the arguments raised by the Commission. Otherwise, the Commission may decide to refer the case to the Court of Justice of the European Union."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_and_consequences">Aftermath and consequences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Aftermath and consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Already in the 2000s, representatives of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Fazey" title="Cindy Fazey">Cindy Fazey</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a> (then-president <a href="/wiki/Philip_O._Emafo" title="Philip O. Emafo">Philip O. Emafo</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) warned that it would be nearly impossible to loosen international cannabis regulations, and that even if the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> removed cannabis from Schedule IV, prohibition would remain embedded into the Single Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the vote, a number of analysts continued to follow these views, arguing that the decision taken would have little legal consequences, if any.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others suggested that the change in legal status could facilitate access and availability to <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical cannabis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even legitimate the <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">legalization of non-medical cannabis</a> under Article 2(9) of the <a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">Single Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, the withdrawal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of C61 "will remove some international procedural barriers to research and development of cannabis- based medical products according to national regulatory frameworks."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commentators argue that, by accepting only the withdrawal from Schedule IV, and not the other ECDD recommendations, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> "might actually be perpetuating the model initiated in the US state of California in 1996 and followed by dozens of other jurisdictions: that of <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">sui generis</a></i>, locally oriented access programs, reliant on small- and medium-scale businesses and <a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">compound botanical medicines</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:5_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of governments mentioned the withdrawal from Schedule IV in their rationale for national <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical cannabis</a> reforms such as <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spain,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, Japan, Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, "[s]cheduling pursuant to international treaty obligations does not require the factual findings that are necessary for other administrative scheduling actions, and may be implemented without regard to the procedures outlined for regular administrative scheduling."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, some have argued that <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">changes in cannabis scheduling at the U.S. federal level</a> may be fast-tracked on these grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/en/ST/CND/1/Add.1/Rev.7">"The International Drug Control Conventions Schedules of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol, as at 22 January 2021 [ST/CND/1/Add.1/Rev.7]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a></i>. January 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs&rft.atitle=The+International+Drug+Control+Conventions+Schedules+of+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961+as+amended+by+the+1972+Protocol%2C+as+at+22+January+2021+%5BST%2FCND%2F1%2FAdd.1%2FRev.7%5D&rft.date=2021-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2Fen%2FST%2FCND%2F1%2FAdd.1%2FRev.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-ZemouliKrawitz2022" class="citation journal cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Krawitz" title="Michael Krawitz">Krawitz, Michael Alan</a> (August 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DHS-11-2021-0060/full/html">"WHO's first scientific review of medicinal Cannabis : from global struggle to patient implications"</a>. <i>Drugs, Habits and Social Policy</i>. <b>23</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FDHS-11-2021-0060">10.1108/DHS-11-2021-0060</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2752-6739">2752-6739</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247421561">247421561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs%2C+Habits+and+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=WHO%27s+first+scientific+review+of+medicinal+Cannabis+%3A+from+global+struggle+to+patient+implications&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A247421561%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2752-6739&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FDHS-11-2021-0060&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft.au=Krawitz%2C+Michael+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emerald.com%2Finsight%2Fcontent%2Fdoi%2F10.1108%2FDHS-11-2021-0060%2Ffull%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/teams/regulation-prequalification/about/health-product-and-policy-standards">"WHO review of cannabis and cannabis-related substances"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=WHO+review+of+cannabis+and+cannabis-related+substances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fteams%2Fregulation-prequalification%2Fabout%2Fhealth-product-and-policy-standards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMills2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mills, James (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440645">"The IHO as Actor: The case of cannabis and the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961"</a>. <i>Hygiea Internationalis</i>. <b>13</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">95–</span>115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3384%2Fhygiea.1403-8668.1613195">10.3384/hygiea.1403-8668.1613195</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6440645">6440645</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30930679">30930679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hygiea+Internationalis&rft.atitle=The+IHO+as+Actor%3A+The+case+of+cannabis+and+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+1961&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6440645%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30930679&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3384%2Fhygiea.1403-8668.1613195&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6440645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUNODC2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/UNODC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNODC">UNODC</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Int_Drug_Control_Conventions/Ebook/The_International_Drug_Control_Conventions_E.pdf"><i>The International Drug Control Conventions: Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol, Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971, United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988; with final acts and resolutions</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Drug+Control+Conventions%3A+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961+as+amended+by+the+1972+Protocol%2C+Convention+on+Psychotropic+Substances+of+1971%2C+United+Nations+Convention+against+Illicit+Traffic+in+Narcotic+Drugs+and+Psychotropic+Substances+of+1988%3B+with+final+acts+and+resolutions&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2013&rft.au=UNODC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcommissions%2FCND%2FInt_Drug_Control_Conventions%2FEbook%2FThe_International_Drug_Control_Conventions_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanenbergSorgeWieniawskiElliott2013" class="citation journal cs1">Danenberg, E.; Sorge, L. A.; Wieniawski, W.; Elliott, S.; Amato, L.; Scholten, W. K. (August 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23548737/">"Modernizing methodology for the WHO assessment of substances for the international drug control conventions"</a>. <i>Drug and Alcohol Dependence</i>. <b>131</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">175–</span>181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drugalcdep.2013.02.032">10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.032</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1879-0046">1879-0046</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23548737">23548737</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+Alcohol+Dependence&rft.atitle=Modernizing+methodology+for+the+WHO+assessment+of+substances+for+the+international+drug+control+conventions&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E181&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.issn=1879-0046&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23548737&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drugalcdep.2013.02.032&rft.aulast=Danenberg&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Sorge%2C+L.+A.&rft.au=Wieniawski%2C+W.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+S.&rft.au=Amato%2C+L.&rft.au=Scholten%2C+W.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F23548737%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1079132">"UN commission reclassifies cannabis, yet still considered harmful"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. December 2, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=UN+commission+reclassifies+cannabis%2C+yet+still+considered+harmful&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F12%2F1079132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKwai2020" class="citation news cs1">Kwai, Isabella (December 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/02/world/europe/cannabis-united-nations-drug-policy.html">"U.N. Reclassifies Cannabis as a Less Dangerous Drug"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+Reclassifies+Cannabis+as+a+Less+Dangerous+Drug&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kwai&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F12%2F02%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcannabis-united-nations-drug-policy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLohmanBarrett2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lohman, Diederik; Barrett, Damon (April 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171726">"Scheduling medicines as controlled substances: addressing normative and democratic gaps through human rights-based analysis"</a>. <i>BMC International Health and Human Rights</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12914-020-00231-1">10.1186/s12914-020-00231-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1472-698X">1472-698X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171726">7171726</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32316971">32316971</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+International+Health+and+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Scheduling+medicines+as+controlled+substances%3A+addressing+normative+and+democratic+gaps+through+human+rights-based+analysis&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7171726%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1472-698X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32316971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12914-020-00231-1&rft.aulast=Lohman&rft.aufirst=Diederik&rft.au=Barrett%2C+Damon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7171726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44454"><i>Guidance on the WHO review of psychoactive substances for international control</i></a>. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F44454">10665/44454</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-150055-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-150055-5"><bdi>978-92-4-150055-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidance+on+the+WHO+review+of+psychoactive+substances+for+international+control&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F44454&rft.isbn=978-92-4-150055-5&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F44454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-ZemouliKrawitzGhehiouèche2018" class="citation book cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, K.; Krawitz, M.; Ghehiouèche, F. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333825934"><i>The Crimson Digest (Vol. 1), Briefing on the international scientific assessment of Cannabis: Processes, stakeholders and history</i></a>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/FAAAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAAAT">FAAAT editions</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-97087-06-7" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-97087-06-7"><bdi>979-10-97087-06-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crimson+Digest+%28Vol.+1%29%2C+Briefing+on+the+international+scientific+assessment+of+Cannabis%3A+Processes%2C+stakeholders+and+history&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=FAAAT+editions&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=979-10-97087-06-7&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Krawitz%2C+M.&rft.au=Ghehiou%C3%A8che%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F333825934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJelsma2022" class="citation journal cs1">Jelsma, M (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologie-aktuell.com/journale/rausch/bisher-erschienen/inhalt-lesen/2022-34.html">"Cannabis regulation vs international and EU law. Legal tensions and compliance options"</a>. <i>Rausch · Wiener Zeitschrift für Suchttherapie</i>. <b>2022</b> (3/4): <span class="nowrap">92–</span>101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rausch+%C2%B7+Wiener+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Suchttherapie&rft.atitle=Cannabis+regulation+vs+international+and+EU+law.+Legal+tensions+and+compliance+options&rft.volume=2022&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E92-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Jelsma&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologie-aktuell.com%2Fjournale%2Frausch%2Fbisher-erschienen%2Finhalt-lesen%2F2022-34.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfdp.ca/canrep/appendix_a.htm">"Appendix A – Cannabis Report"</a>. Cfdp.ca<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+A+%E2%80%93+Cannabis+Report&rft.pub=Cfdp.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfdp.ca%2Fcanrep%2Fappendix_a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCittiLincianoCannazza2020" class="citation journal cs1">Citti, Cinzia; Linciano, Pasquale; Cannazza, Giuseppe (April 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644620300696">"Is cannabidiol a scheduled controlled substance? Origin makes the difference"</a>. <i>Drug Discovery Today</i>. <b>25</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">628–</span>632. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drudis.2020.02.001">10.1016/j.drudis.2020.02.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1359-6446">1359-6446</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32062008">32062008</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211134042">211134042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Discovery+Today&rft.atitle=Is+cannabidiol+a+scheduled+controlled+substance%3F+Origin+makes+the+difference&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E628-%3C%2Fspan%3E632&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft.issn=1359-6446&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211134042%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32062008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drudis.2020.02.001&rft.aulast=Citti&rft.aufirst=Cinzia&rft.au=Linciano%2C+Pasquale&rft.au=Cannazza%2C+Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1359644620300696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet_Zemouli2020" class="citation book cs1">Riboulet Zemouli, Kenzi (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339612669"><i>Changes in the scope of control over cannabis: Clarifying recommendation #5 on CBD products</i></a>. Fact sheet – Changes in the scope of control over cannabis. Vienna.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changes+in+the+scope+of+control+over+cannabis%3A+Clarifying+recommendation+%235+on+CBD+products&rft.place=Vienna&rft.series=Fact+sheet+%E2%80%93+Changes+in+the+scope+of+control+over+cannabis&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Riboulet+Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F339612669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-ZemouliKrawitz2021" class="citation journal cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi; Krawitz, Michael A. (February 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3829901">"Voluntary Contribution to INCB Guidelines on Medical Cannabis – Due Diligence, Good Faith, & Technical Concerns"</a>. Paris and Washington, DC. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3829901">3829901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Voluntary+Contribution+to+INCB+Guidelines+on+Medical+Cannabis+%E2%80%93+Due+Diligence%2C+Good+Faith%2C+%26+Technical+Concerns&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3829901%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft.au=Krawitz%2C+Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D3829901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_OrganizationDependence2018" class="citation book cs1">World Health Organization; Dependence, WHO Expert Committee on Drug (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/279948"><i>WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: fortieth report</i></a>. World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F279948">10665/279948</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121022-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121022-5"><bdi>978-92-4-121022-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Drug+Dependence%3A+fortieth+report&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F279948&rft.isbn=978-92-4-121022-5&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft.au=Dependence%2C+WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Drug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F279948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBayerGhodse1999" class="citation journal cs1">Bayer, Itsván; Ghodse, Hamid (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012111110/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html">"Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_on_Narcotics" title="Bulletin on Narcotics">Bulletin on Narcotics</a></i>. <b>LI</b> (1/2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html">the original</a> on October 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+on+Narcotics&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+international+drug+control%2C+1945%E2%80%931995&rft.volume=LI&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Bayer&rft.aufirst=Itsv%C3%A1n&rft.au=Ghodse%2C+Hamid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Funodc%2Fen%2Fbulletin%2Fbulletin_1999-01-01_1_page003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/40195/WHO_TRS_57.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><i>Expert Committee on Drugs Liable to Produce Addiction, Third Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Technical Report Series, No. 57. Geneva: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. 1952.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expert+Committee+on+Drugs+Liable+to+Produce+Addiction%2C+Third+Report&rft.place=Geneva&rft.series=Technical+Report+Series%2C+No.+57&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=1952&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F40195%2FWHO_TRS_57.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="E/CN.7/2020/NGO/8" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary_Association_for_Psychedelic_Studies" title="Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies">Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies</a> (December 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/V20/069/93/PDF/V2006993.pdf?OpenElement"><i>Towards science-based scheduling of cannabis sativa and other controlled herbal medicines. Statement submitted by a non-governmental organization in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council [E/CN.7/2020/NGO/8]</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Reconvened sixty-third session, Vienna, December 2–4, 2020, Item 5 of the provisional agenda: Implementation of the international drug control treaties. Vienna: United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Towards+science-based+scheduling+of+cannabis+sativa+and+other+controlled+herbal+medicines.+Statement+submitted+by+a+non-governmental+organization+in+consultative+status+with+the+Economic+and+Social+Council+%5BE%2FCN.7%2F2020%2FNGO%2F8%5D&rft.place=Vienna&rft.series=Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs%2C+Reconvened+sixty-third+session%2C+Vienna%2C+December+2%E2%80%934%2C+2020%2C+Item+5+of+the+provisional+agenda%3A+Implementation+of+the+international+drug+control+treaties&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.au=Multidisciplinary+Association+for+Psychedelic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments-dds-ny.un.org%2Fdoc%2FUNDOC%2FGEN%2FV20%2F069%2F93%2FPDF%2FV2006993.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEssential_medicines_and_health_products,_World_Health_Organization2018" class="citation web cs1">Essential medicines and health products, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018171542/http://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/40th_ecdd_open-session/en/">"40th ECDD Open Session Presentations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/40th_ecdd_open-session/en/">the original</a> on October 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=40th+ECDD+Open+Session+Presentations&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Essential+medicines+and+health+products%2C+World+Health+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmedicines%2Faccess%2Fcontrolled-substances%2F40th_ecdd_open-session%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJon_Gettman1999" class="citation web cs1">Jon Gettman (May 13, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061216160850/http://marijuananews.com/marijuananews/cowan/science_and_the_end_of_marijuana.htm">"Science and the End of Marijuana Prohibition"</a>. MarijuanaNews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marijuananews.com/marijuananews/cowan/science_and_the_end_of_marijuana.htm">the original</a> on December 16, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+and+the+End+of+Marijuana+Prohibition&rft.pub=MarijuanaNews.com&rft.date=1999-05-13&rft.au=Jon+Gettman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marijuananews.com%2Fmarijuananews%2Fcowan%2Fscience_and_the_end_of_marijuana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span> Text originally presented at the 12th International Conference on Drug Policy Reform.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHallamBewley-TaylorJelsma2014" class="citation book cs1">Hallam, C; Bewley-Taylor, D; Jelsma, M (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tni.org/files/download/dlr25_0.pdf"><i>Scheduling in the international drug control system</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Series on Legislative Reform of Drug Policies No. 25. <a href="/w/index.php?title=IDPC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IDPC (page does not exist)">IDPC</a> & <a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">TNI</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scheduling+in+the+international+drug+control+system&rft.series=Series+on+Legislative+Reform+of+Drug+Policies+No.+25&rft.pub=IDPC+%26+TNI&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Hallam&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Bewley-Taylor%2C+D&rft.au=Jelsma%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tni.org%2Ffiles%2Fdownload%2Fdlr25_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drugtext1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-drugtext1_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugtext.org/library/legal/treat/commentary/">"Blog"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugtext.org%2Flibrary%2Flegal%2Ftreat%2Fcommentary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations1973" class="citation book cs1">United Nations (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/commentary1961convention"><i>Commentary on the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 + Commentary on the 1972 Amendment</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961+%2B+Commentary+on+the+1972+Amendment&rft.date=1973&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommentary1961convention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drugtext.org-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drugtext.org_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugtext.org_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020172110/http://www.drugtext.org/library/reports/cancan/vol3/repfinalvol3-e/css/repfinalvol3-e_31.htm">"Report of the [Canadian] Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs"</a>. Drugtext.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugtext.org/library/reports/cancan/vol3/repfinalvol3-e/css/repfinalvol3-e_31.htm">the original</a> on October 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+%5BCanadian%5D+Senate+Special+Committee+on+Illegal+Drugs&rft.pub=Drugtext.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugtext.org%2Flibrary%2Freports%2Fcancan%2Fvol3%2Frepfinalvol3-e%2Fcss%2Frepfinalvol3-e_31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report_A5-2003-0085-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-report_A5-2003-0085_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&reference=A5-2003-0085&language=EN">"Report A5-2003-0085"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+A5-2003-0085&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fsides%2FgetDoc.do%3Ftype%3DREPORT%26reference%3DA5-2003-0085%26language%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chanvre-info1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chanvre-info1_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chanvre-info.ch/info/en/article602.html">"Working document on the UN conventions on drugs"</a>. Chanvre-info.ch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Working+document+on+the+UN+conventions+on+drugs&rft.pub=Chanvre-info.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chanvre-info.ch%2Finfo%2Fen%2Farticle602.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCommittee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights_(2020)2020" class="citation book cs1">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2020) (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/en/E/C.12/GC/25"><i>General comment no. 25 (2020) on science and economic, social and cultural rights (article 15 (1) (b), (2), (3) and (4) of the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights) [E/C.12/GC/25]</i></a>. United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=General+comment+no.+25+%282020%29+on+science+and+economic%2C+social+and+cultural+rights+%28article+15+%281%29+%28b%29%2C+%282%29%2C+%283%29+and+%284%29+of+the+international+covenant+on+economic%2C+social+and+cultural+rights%29+%5BE%2FC.12%2FGC%2F25%5D&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Committee+on+Economic%2C+Social+and+Cultural+Rights+%282020%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2Fen%2FE%2FC.12%2FGC%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghehiouèche, F. (2016). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faaat.net/wp-content/uploads/SUMMARY-MAILING-ACTION-38th-ECDD-SHORT.pdf">Summary: Mailing action to ask for an amendment of the agenda of the Expert Committee on Drug Dependence 38th meeting.</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-ZemouliKrawitzGhehiouèche2021" class="citation book cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Krawitz" title="Michael Krawitz">Krawitz, Michael</a>; Ghehiouèche, Farid (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354905059"><i>History, science, and politics of international cannabis scheduling, 2015–2021</i></a>. Vienna: <a href="/wiki/FAAAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAAAT">FAAAT</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-97087-50-0" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-97087-50-0"><bdi>979-10-97087-50-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History%2C+science%2C+and+politics+of+international+cannabis+scheduling%2C+2015%E2%80%932021.&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=FAAAT&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=979-10-97087-50-0&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft.au=Krawitz%2C+Michael&rft.au=Ghehiou%C3%A8che%2C+Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F354905059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=E%2FCN.7%2F2016%2F1%2FADD.1&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False">"Annotated provisional agenda: Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Reconvened fifty-ninth session, Vienna, 30 November-2 December 2016 [E/CN.7/2016/1/ADD.1]"</a>. <i>undocs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=undocs.org&rft.atitle=Annotated+provisional+agenda%3A+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs%2C+Reconvened+fifty-ninth+session%2C+Vienna%2C+30+November-2+December+2016+%5BE%2FCN.7%2F2016%2F1%2FADD.1%5D&rft.date=2016&rft.au=United+Nations+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2FHome%2FMobile%3FFinalSymbol%3DE%252FCN.7%252F2016%252F1%252FADD.1%26Language%3DE%26DeviceType%3DDesktop%26LangRequested%3DFalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization,_Expert_Committee_on_Drug_Dependence2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/CND_Sessions/CND_59Reconvened/ECN72016_CRP13_V1610192.pdf"><i>Extract from the Report of the 38th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, convened from 14 to 18 November 2016, at WHO headquarters in Geneva. [Commission on Narcotic Drugs Reconvened fifty-ninth session; Document E/CN.7/2016/CRP.13]</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extract+from+the+Report+of+the+38th+Expert+Committee+on+Drug+Dependence%2C+convened+from+14+to+18+November+2016%2C+at+WHO+headquarters+in+Geneva.+%5BCommission+on+Narcotic+Drugs+Reconvened+fifty-ninth+session%3B+Document+E%2FCN.7%2F2016%2FCRP.13%5D&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2016&rft.au=World+Health+Organization%2C+Expert+Committee+on+Drug+Dependence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcommissions%2FCND%2FCND_Sessions%2FCND_59Reconvened%2FECN72016_CRP13_V1610192.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSecretariat_to_the_Governing_Bodies_of_the_United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime2020" class="citation book cs1">Secretariat to the Governing Bodies of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/Scheduling_Resource_Material/19-11955_Drug_Conventions_eBook.pdf"><i>Scheduling procedures under the international drug control conventions</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vienna: United Nations.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scheduling+procedures+under+the+international+drug+control+conventions&rft.place=Vienna&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Secretariat+to+the+Governing+Bodies+of+the+United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fcommissions%2FCND%2FScheduling_Resource_Material%2F19-11955_Drug_Conventions_eBook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/04-12-2020-un-commission-on-narcotic-drugs-reclassifies-cannabis-to-recognize-its-therapeutic-uses">"UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs reclassifies cannabis to recognize its therapeutic uses"</a>. <i>www.who.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=UN+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs+reclassifies+cannabis+to+recognize+its+therapeutic+uses&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F04-12-2020-un-commission-on-narcotic-drugs-reclassifies-cannabis-to-recognize-its-therapeutic-uses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_OrganizationDependence2018" class="citation book cs1">World Health Organization; Dependence, WHO Expert Committee on Drug (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260546"><i>WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: thirty-ninth report</i></a>. World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F260546">10665/260546</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121018-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121018-8"><bdi>978-92-4-121018-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Drug+Dependence%3A+thirty-ninth+report&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F260546&rft.isbn=978-92-4-121018-8&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft.au=Dependence%2C+WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Drug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F260546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organization2019" class="citation book cs1">World Health Organization (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/325073"><i>WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence: forty-first report</i></a>. World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10665%2F325073">10665/325073</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121027-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-4-121027-0"><bdi>978-92-4-121027-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WHO+Expert+Committee+on+Drug+Dependence%3A+forty-first+report&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10665%2F325073&rft.isbn=978-92-4-121027-0&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fhandle%2F10665%2F325073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2021.004.01.0001.01.ENG">"COUNCIL DECISION (EU) 2021/3 of 23 November 2020 on the position to be taken, on behalf of the European Union, at the reconvened sixty-third session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, on the scheduling of cannabis and cannabis-related substances under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union" title="Official Journal of the European Union">Official Journal of the European Union</a></i>. 7 January 2021. January 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=COUNCIL+DECISION+%28EU%29+2021%2F3+of+23+November+2020+on+the+position+to+be+taken%2C+on+behalf+of+the+European+Union%2C+at+the+reconvened+sixty-third+session+of+the+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs%2C+on+the+scheduling+of+cannabis+and+cannabis-related+substances+under+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961%2C+as+amended+by+the+1972+Protocol%2C+and+the+Convention+on+Psychotropic+Substances+of+1971&rft.volume=7+January+2021&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2FPDF%2F%3Furi%3Duriserv%3AOJ.L_.2021.004.01.0001.01.ENG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:152-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:152_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="E/CN.7/2020/NGO/7" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/European_Coalition_for_Just_and_Effective_Drug_Policies" title="European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies">ENCOD</a> (December 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/E/CN.7/2020/NGO/7"><i>Support patient access to medicine, vote yes! Statement submitted by a non-governmental organization in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council [E/CN.7/2020/NGO/7]</i></a>. Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Reconvened sixty-third session, Vienna, December 2–4, 2020, Item 5 of the provisional agenda: Implementation of the international drug control treaties. Vienna: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Support+patient+access+to+medicine%2C+vote+yes%21+Statement+submitted+by+a+non-governmental+organization+in+consultative+status+with+the+Economic+and+Social+Council+%5BE%2FCN.7%2F2020%2FNGO%2F7%5D&rft.place=Vienna&rft.series=Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs%2C+Reconvened+sixty-third+session%2C+Vienna%2C+December+2%E2%80%934%2C+2020%2C+Item+5+of+the+provisional+agenda%3A+Implementation+of+the+international+drug+control+treaties&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.au=ENCOD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2FE%2FCN.7%2F2020%2FNGO%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaur2020" class="citation web cs1">Kaur, Harmeet (December 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/02/health/un-reclassifies-cannabis-scn-trnd/index.html">"The UN removes cannabis from a list of the most dangerous substances"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+UN+removes+cannabis+from+a+list+of+the+most+dangerous+substances&rft.date=2020-12-03&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Harmeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F12%2F02%2Fhealth%2Fun-reclassifies-cannabis-scn-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">"Decision 63/17: Deletion of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/en/E/2020/28/Add.1"><i>Commission on Narcotic Drugs Report on the reconvened sixty-third session (2–4 December 2020) – Economic and Social Council Official Records, 2020 Supplement No. 8A [E/CN.7/2020/15/Add.1]</i></a>. New-York: United Nations. 2020. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Decision+63%2F17%3A+Deletion+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961+as+amended+by+the+1972+Protocol&rft.btitle=Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs+Report+on+the+reconvened+sixty-third+session+%282%E2%80%934+December+2020%29+%E2%80%93+Economic+and+Social+Council+Official+Records%2C+2020+Supplement+No.+8A+%5BE%2FCN.7%2F2020%2F15%2FAdd.1%5D&rft.place=New-York&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2Fen%2FE%2F2020%2F28%2FAdd.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Council of the European Union (2017), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2017/449/oj/eng"><i>Council Decision (EU) 2017/449 of 7 March 2017 on the position to be adopted, on behalf of the European Union, in the 60th session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the scheduling of substances under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971</i></a>, March 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Council+Decision+%28EU%29+2017%2F449+of+7+March+2017+on+the+position+to+be+adopted%2C+on+behalf+of+the+European+Union%2C+in+the+60th+session+of+the+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs+on+the+scheduling+of+substances+under+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961%2C+as+amended+by+the+1972+Protocol%2C+and+the+Convention+on+Psychotropic+Substances+of+1971&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.europa.eu%2Feli%2Fdec%2F2017%2F449%2Foj%2Feng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-Zemouli2020" class="citation book cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339298907"><i>Cannabis Scheduling & EU position – Elements Document (V.3 – 16.II.2020) Elements about the vote of the WHO recommendations on rescheduling Cannabis and its related substances in the international drug control Conventions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/FAAAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAAAT">FAAAT</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2FRG.2.2.31659.18724">10.13140/RG.2.2.31659.18724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Scheduling+%26+EU+position+%E2%80%93+Elements+Document+%28V.3+%E2%80%93+16.II.2020%29+Elements+about+the+vote+of+the+WHO+recommendations+on+rescheduling+Cannabis+and+its+related+substances+in+the+international+drug+control+Conventions.&rft.pub=FAAAT&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.2.31659.18724&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F339298907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Commission" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52018PC0031">"Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on the position to be adopted, on behalf of the European Union, in the sixty-first session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs on the scheduling of substances under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971"</a>. <i>eur-lex.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eur-lex.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Proposal+for+a+COUNCIL+DECISION+on+the+position+to+be+adopted%2C+on+behalf+of+the+European+Union%2C+in+the+sixty-first+session+of+the+Commission+on+Narcotic+Drugs+on+the+scheduling+of+substances+under+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs+of+1961+as+amended+by+the+1972+Protocol+and+the+Convention+on+Psychotropic+Substances+of+1971&rft.au=European+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2FEN%2FTXT%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%253A52018PC0031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelegation_of_the_European_Union_to_the_International_Organisations_in_Vienna2020" class="citation web cs1">Delegation of the European Union to the International Organisations in Vienna (December 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/vienna-international-organisations/explanation-cnd-vote-who-scheduling-recommendations_en">"Explanation of CND vote on WHO scheduling recommendations on cannabis and cannabis-related substances in Vienna on 2 December 2020"</a>. <i>www.eeas.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eeas.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Explanation+of+CND+vote+on+WHO+scheduling+recommendations+on+cannabis+and+cannabis-related+substances+in+Vienna+on+2+December+2020&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft.au=Delegation+of+the+European+Union+to+the+International+Organisations+in+Vienna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeas.europa.eu%2Fdelegations%2Fvienna-international-organisations%2Fexplanation-cnd-vote-who-scheduling-recommendations_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Commission" class="citation web cs1">European Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/inf_21_441">"Infringement decisions (18 February 2021); February infringements package: key decisions"</a>. <i>European Commission – Press corner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission+%E2%80%93+Press+corner&rft.atitle=Infringement+decisions+%2818+February+2021%29%3B+February+infringements+package%3A+key+decisions&rft.au=European+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommission%2Fpresscorner%2Fdetail%2Fen%2Finf_21_441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/inf_21_5342">"Infringement decisions (12 November 2021); October infringements package: key decisions"</a>. <i>European Commission – Press corner</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission+%E2%80%93+Press+corner&rft.atitle=Infringement+decisions+%2812+November+2021%29%3B+October+infringements+package%3A+key+decisions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommission%2Fpresscorner%2Fdetail%2Fen%2Finf_21_5342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423160616/http://www.fuoriluogo.it/arretrati/2003/apr_17_en.htm">"aprile 2003"</a>. fuoriluogo.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fuoriluogo.it/arretrati/2003/apr_17_en.htm">the original</a> on April 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=aprile+2003&rft.pub=fuoriluogo.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fuoriluogo.it%2Farretrati%2F2003%2Fapr_17_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007200907/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/newsletter_2002-12-31_1_page004.html">"UNODC - Update - December 2002 - Interview with Dr. Philip O. Emaf"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/newsletter_2002-12-31_1_page004.html">the original</a> on October 7, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNODC+-+Update+-+December+2002+-+Interview+with+Dr.+Philip+O.+Emaf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Funodc%2Fen%2Fnewsletter_2002-12-31_1_page004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tni.org/en/publication/the-whos-first-ever-critical-review-of-cannabis">"The WHO's First-Ever Critical Review of Cannabis"</a>. <i>Transnational Institute</i>. March 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transnational+Institute&rft.atitle=The+WHO%27s+First-Ever+Critical+Review+of+Cannabis&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tni.org%2Fen%2Fpublication%2Fthe-whos-first-ever-critical-review-of-cannabis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDentons_Europe_LLP2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dentons Europe LLP (2022). <i>Kurzgutachten betreffend rechtliche Hürden bei der Versorgung desdeutschen Marktes mit Cannabis zu Genusszwecken</i> (in German). Berlin: Demecan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurzgutachten+betreffend+rechtliche+H%C3%BCrden+bei+der+Versorgung+desdeutschen+Marktes+mit+Cannabis+zu+Genusszwecken&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Demecan&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Dentons+Europe+LLP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-Zemouli2022" class="citation journal cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi (March 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4057428">"High Compliance, a Lex Lata Legalization for the Non-Medical Cannabis Industry: How to Regulate Recreational Cannabis in Accordance with the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961"</a>. Rochester, NY. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4057428">4057428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=High+Compliance%2C+a+Lex+Lata+Legalization+for+the+Non-Medical+Cannabis+Industry%3A+How+to+Regulate+Recreational+Cannabis+in+Accordance+with+the+Single+Convention+on+Narcotic+Drugs%2C+1961&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D4057428%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D4057428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2021/07/08/morocco-moves-to-legalise-some-cannabis-cultivation">"Morocco moves to legalise some cannabis cultivation"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Morocco+moves+to+legalise+some+cannabis+cultivation&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2021%2F07%2F08%2Fmorocco-moves-to-legalise-some-cannabis-cultivation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPartido_Socialista_Obrero_Español2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Partido_Socialista_Obrero_Espa%C3%B1ol" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Socialista Obrero Español">Partido Socialista Obrero Español</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://40congreso.psoe.es/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Ponencia-Marco_21-comprimido.pdf"><i>40º Congreso del PSOE, Ponencia Marco, Madrid, Partido Socialista Obrero Español</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=40%C2%BA+Congreso+del+PSOE%2C+Ponencia+Marco%2C+Madrid%2C+Partido+Socialista+Obrero+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.pages=132&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Partido+Socialista+Obrero+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F40congreso.psoe.es%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F07%2FPonencia-Marco_21-comprimido.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiboulet-Zemouli2022" class="citation journal cs1">Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi (August 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-psychotropes-2022-1-page-71.htm?ref=doi">"Le cannabis médical, déconfiné et déclassifié : retour sur le récent changement de classification internationale"</a>. <i>Psychotropes</i>. <b>28</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">71–</span>104. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fpsyt.281.0071">10.3917/psyt.281.0071</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1245-2092">1245-2092</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251639802">251639802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychotropes&rft.atitle=Le+cannabis+m%C3%A9dical%2C+d%C3%A9confin%C3%A9+et+d%C3%A9classifi%C3%A9+%3A+retour+sur+le+r%C3%A9cent+changement+de+classification+internationale&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.date=2022-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251639802%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1245-2092&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fpsyt.281.0071&rft.aulast=Riboulet-Zemouli&rft.aufirst=Kenzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-psychotropes-2022-1-page-71.htm%3Fref%3Ddoi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45948#_Toc21598643"><i>The Controlled Substances Act (CSA): A Legal Overview for the 117th Congress Updated February 5, 2021</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a>. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Controlled+Substances+Act+%28CSA%29%3A+A+Legal+Overview+for+the+117th+Congress+Updated+February+5%2C+2021&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrsreports.congress.gov%2Fproduct%2Fpdf%2FR%2FR45948%23_Toc21598643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugtruth.net/node/8117">"12/09/20 Michael Krawitz"</a>. <i>Drug Truth Network</i>. December 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drug+Truth+Network&rft.atitle=12%2F09%2F20+Michael+Krawitz&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugtruth.net%2Fnode%2F8117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite_House2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> (October 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2022/10/06/background-press-call-on-marijuana-reform/">"Background Press Call on Marijuana Reform"</a>. <i>The White House</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+House&rft.atitle=Background+Press+Call+on+Marijuana+Reform&rft.date=2022-10-06&rft.au=White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbidenwhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fpress-briefings%2F2022%2F10%2F06%2Fbackground-press-call-on-marijuana-reform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemoval+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+resin+from+Schedule+IV+of+the+Single+Convention+on+narcotic+drugs%2C+1961" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/26px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/39px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/52px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis">Cannabis portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannabis491" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannabis" title="Template:Cannabis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabis" title="Template talk:Cannabis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannabis491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cannabis" title="Outline of cannabis">Outline of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Recreational and medical applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Industrial applications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoflowering_cannabis" title="Autoflowering cannabis">Autoflowering cannabis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_indica" title="Cannabis indica">indica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_ruderalis" title="Cannabis ruderalis">ruderalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">sativa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_defenses_in_Cannabis" title="Chemical defenses in Cannabis">Chemical defenses in Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_CBD_to_THC" title="Conversion of CBD to THC">Conversion of CBD to THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms" title="Glossary of cannabis terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_cannabis" title="List of names for cannabis">Names</a> (<a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_cannabis" title="Etymology of cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagga" title="Dagga">dagga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja">ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(word)" title="Marijuana (word)">marijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_slang_names_for_cannabis" title="List of slang names for cannabis">slang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_strains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis strains">Strains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoids" title="Synthetic cannabinoids">Synthetic cannabis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_and_trauma" title="Cannabis use and trauma">Cannabis use and trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medical cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_product_testing" title="Cannabis product testing">Cannabis product testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medical_cannabis" title="History of medical cannabis">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">In the US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_card" title="Medical cannabis card">Medical cannabis card</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">Religious and spiritual use</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalice_(pipe)" title="Chalice (pipe)">Chalice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_drug_testing" title="Cannabis drug testing">Drug testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Anonymous" title="Marijuana Anonymous">Marijuana Anonymous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanfparade" title="Hanfparade">Hanfparade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_diseases" title="List of hemp diseases">List of hemp diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_products" title="List of hemp products">List of hemp products</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hempcrete" title="Hempcrete">hempcrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_jewelry" title="Hemp jewelry">jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_milk" title="Hemp milk">milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">rolling paper</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_varieties" title="List of hemp varieties">List of hemp varieties</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemp_for_Victory" title="Hemp for Victory">Hemp for Victory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_Industries_Association" title="Hemp Industries Association">Hemp Industries Association</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Wears_No_Clothes" title="The Emperor Wears No Clothes">The Emperor Wears No Clothes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">Cannabis edible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Cannabis smoking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_(cannabis)" title="Joint (cannabis)">Joint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaporizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_concentrate" title="Cannabis concentrate">Cannabis concentrate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_flower_essential_oil" title="Cannabis flower essential oil">Essential oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charas" title="Charas">Charas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Hash oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">Kief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_prensada" title="Marihuana prensada"><i>Marihuana prensada</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids" title="Comparison of phytocannabinoids">Phytocannabinoids</a> <ul><li>Quasi-psychedelic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-8-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-10-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">THCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorol">THCP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">CBDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiphorol" title="Cannabidiphorol">CBDP</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amotivational_syndrome" title="Amotivational syndrome">Amotivational syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Cannabis in pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_disorder" title="Cannabis use disorder">Cannabis use disorder</a> (CUD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_endocannabinoid_deficiency_syndrome" title="Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome">Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entourage_effect" title="Entourage effect">Entourage effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endocannabinoid system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_impaired_driving" title="Cannabis and impaired driving">Impaired driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">Time perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_concerns_of_cannabis_use" title="Occupational health concerns of cannabis use">Occupational health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_research" title="Medical cannabis research">Medical cannabis research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budtender" title="Budtender">Budtender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_by_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis by Country">Cannabis by Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cookbook" title="Cannabis cookbook">Cookbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_etiquette" title="Cannabis etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">Cannabis Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_shop" title="Head shop">Head shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_cannabis" title="List of books about cannabis">Books</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Culture_(magazine)" title="Cannabis Culture (magazine)">Cannabis Culture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_columns" title="List of cannabis columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_competitions" title="List of cannabis competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_hoaxes" title="List of cannabis hoaxes">List of cannabis hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_cannabis" title="Category:Films about cannabis">Films</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Times" title="High Times">High Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis_music" title="Category:Cannabis music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_restaurant_industry" title="Cannabis in the restaurant industry">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_sports" title="Cannabis and sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overgrow" title="Operation Overgrow">Operation Overgrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke-in" title="Smoke-in">Smoke-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_TV" title="Stoner TV">Stoner TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_video_game_culture" title="Cannabis and video game culture">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_organizations" title="List of cannabis rights organizations">Cannabis rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Legalise_Cannabis_Party" title="Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party">ALCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Marijuana_Association" title="American Medical Marijuana Association">AMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access" title="Americans for Safe Access">ASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Action_Network" title="Cannabis Action Network">CAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Badged_Network" title="Colorado Badged Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Law_Reform" title="Cannabis Law Reform">CLEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Rescheduling_Cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis">CRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Dagga Couple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_for_Cannabis_Regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors for Cannabis Regulation">DFCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Policy_Alliance" title="Drug Policy Alliance">DPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENCOD" class="mw-redirect" title="ENCOD">ENCOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAAAT_think_%26_do_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="FAAAT think & do tank">FAAAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Cannabis_Association" title="Finnish Cannabis Association">FCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Legalisation_Movement_India" title="Great Legalisation Movement India">GLM India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marijuana_March" title="Global Marijuana March">GMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">LEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary_Association_for_Psychedelic_Studies" title="Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies">MAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">MPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cannabis_Industry_Association" title="National Cannabis Industry Association">NCIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NORML_France" title="NORML France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_New_Zealand" title="NORML New Zealand">NZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_UK" title="NORML UK">UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safer_Alternative_for_Enjoyable_Recreation" title="Safer Alternative for Enjoyable Recreation">SAFER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Cannabis_Clinicians" title="Society of Cannabis Clinicians">SCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Sensible_Drug_Policy" title="Students for Sensible Drug Policy">SSDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_for_Medical_Cannabis_Access" title="Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access">VMCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Cannabinoid_Medicines" title="International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines">IACM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cannabinoid_Research_Society" title="International Cannabinoid Research Society">ICRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Ethnobotanical_Education,_Research_and_Service" title="International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service">ICEERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_lifetime_cannabis_use_by_country" title="Adult lifetime cannabis use by country">Adult lifetime use by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_cannabis_use_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual cannabis use by country">Annual use by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootleggers_and_Baptists#Cannabis" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_leaders" title="List of cannabis rights leaders">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_cannabis_trafficking" title="Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking">Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_legalized_cannabis" title="Effects of legalized cannabis">Effects of legalized cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marijuana_March" title="Global Marijuana March">Global Marijuana March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Internationally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_regulatory_agencies" title="List of cannabis regulatory agencies">Regulatory agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li>In the U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Legal history in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937" title="Marihuana Tax Act of 1937">Marihuana Tax Act of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law" title="Timeline of cannabis law">Timeline of cannabis law</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major legal<br />reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Treaty law: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Act" title="Cannabis Act">2018 Cannabis Act</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/German_cannabis_control_bill" title="German cannabis control bill">German cannabis control bill</a></li> <li>UK: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_classification_in_the_United_Kingdom#Return_to_class_B" title="Cannabis classification in the United Kingdom">Return to class B</a></li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Uruguay" title="Cannabis in Uruguay">Law No. 19172</a></li> <li>US: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_Farming_Act_of_2018" title="Hemp Farming Act of 2018">Hemp Farming Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians<br />and parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties" title="Cannabis political parties">Cannabis political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties_of_the_United_States" title="Cannabis political parties of the United States">of the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties_of_Minnesota" title="Cannabis political parties of Minnesota">of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">of Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ker_v._California" title="Ker v. California">Ker v. California</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leary_v._United_States" title="Leary v. United States">Leary v. United States</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyllo_v._United_States" title="Kyllo v. United States">Kyllo v. United States</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ADPF_187" title="ADPF 187">ADPF 187</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry</a></li> <li>Substances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_antagonist" title="Cannabinoid receptor antagonist">Cannabinoid receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_enhancer" title="Endocannabinoid enhancer">Endocannabinoid enhancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor">Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/15px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/22px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/30px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis"><i>Cannabis</i> portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis" title="Category:Cannabis">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drug_policy_interest_groups_(non-nicotine_and_non-alcohol)279" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Drug_policy" title="Template:Drug policy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Drug_policy" title="Template talk:Drug policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drug_policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drug policy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drug_policy_interest_groups_(non-nicotine_and_non-alcohol)279" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a> interest groups (non-nicotine and non-alcohol)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization" title="Decriminalization">decriminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">prohibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy reform">Drug policy reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_reduction" title="Demand reduction">demand reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">harm reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">liberalization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">1961 Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1971 Psychotropic Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1988 Drug Trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis in the UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_classification_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis classification in the United Kingdom">reclassification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis in the US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">reclassification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations<br />supporting<br />prohibition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="International Narcotics Control Caucus">International Narcotics Control Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Dain_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_the_Non-Medical_Use_of_Drugs" title="Le Dain Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs">Le Dain Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Above_the_Influence" title="Above the Influence">Above the Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Abuse_Resistance_Education" title="Drug Abuse Resistance Education">Drug Abuse Resistance Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Approaches_to_Marijuana" title="Smart Approaches to Marijuana">Smart Approaches to Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winners_Don%27t_Use_Drugs" title="Winners Don't Use Drugs">Winners Don't Use Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Narcotics_Force" title="Anti-Narcotics Force">Anti-Narcotics Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Drug_Trafficking" title="Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking">Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_Drug_Trafficking" title="Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking">Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations<br />supporting<br />legalisation or<br />harm reduction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAAAT_think_%26_do_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="FAAAT think & do tank">FAAAT think & do tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INPUD" title="INPUD">International Network for People who Use Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">LEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Sensible_Drug_Policy" title="Students for Sensible Drug Policy">SSDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Alliance_for_Medical_Cannabis" title="American Alliance for Medical Cannabis">AAMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access" title="Americans for Safe Access">ASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Action_Network" title="Cannabis Action Network">CAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Rescheduling_Cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis">CRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Sensible_Marijuana_Policy" title="Committee for Sensible Marijuana Policy">CSMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DanceSafe" title="DanceSafe">DanceSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Policy_Alliance" title="Drug Policy Alliance">DPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DrugWarRant" title="DrugWarRant">DrugWarRant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Times_Freedom_Fighters" class="mw-redirect" title="High Times Freedom Fighters">High Times Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">MPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Cannabis_Reform_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Cannabis Reform Coalition">Massachusetts Cannabis Reform Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cannabis_Industry_Association" title="National Cannabis Industry Association">NCIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Coalition" title="November Coalition">November Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patients_Out_of_Time" title="Patients Out of Time">PoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safer_Alternative_for_Enjoyable_Recreation" title="Safer Alternative for Enjoyable Recreation">SAER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_for_Medical_Cannabis_Access" title="Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access">VMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VANDU" class="mw-redirect" title="VANDU">VANDU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Legalise_Cannabis_Campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="British Legalise Cannabis Campaigns">British Legalise Cannabis Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Law_Reform" title="Cannabis Law Reform">Cannabis Law Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Equality_Alliance" title="Drug Equality Alliance">Drug Equality Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coalition_for_Just_and_Effective_Drug_Policies" title="European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies">European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Cannabis_Association" title="Finnish Cannabis Association">Finnish Cannabis Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzineres" title="Metzineres">Metzineres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_France" title="NORML France">NORML France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_UK" title="NORML UK">NORML UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Release_(agency)" title="Release (agency)">Release Drug Policy Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_Drug_Policy_Foundation" title="Transform Drug Policy Foundation">Transform Drug Policy Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Namibia" title="Cannabis in Namibia">Cannabis and Hemp Association of Namibia (CHAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Fields of Green for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_NORML" title="Otago NORML">Otago NORML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_New_Zealand" title="NORML New Zealand">NORML New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties" title="Cannabis political parties">Cannabis<br />political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_pot" title="Bloc pot">Bloc pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Marijuana_Party" title="British Columbia Marijuana Party">British Columbia Marijuana Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Freedom Party of Manitoba">Freedom Party of Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots%E2%80%93Legalize_Cannabis_Party" title="Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party">Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalize_Marijuana_Party" title="Legalize Marijuana Party">Legalize Marijuana Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana Party (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Reform_Party" title="Marijuana Reform Party">Marijuana Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Marijuana_Party" title="Saskatchewan Marijuana Party">Saskatchewan Marijuana Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marijuana_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marijuana Party">United States Marijuana Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale_Yarok" title="Ale Yarok">Ale Yarok</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Legalise_Cannabis_Party" title="Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party">Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Is_Safer_Than_Alcohol" title="Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol">Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">Cannabis Party</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Party" title="Dagga Party">Dagga Party</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sans_fronti%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis sans frontières">Cannabis sans frontières</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_sans_fronti%C3%A8res" class="extiw" title="fr:Cannabis sans frontières">fr</a>]</span> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalise_Cannabis_Australia" title="Legalise Cannabis Australia">Legalise Cannabis Australia</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalise_Cannabis_Queensland" title="Legalise Cannabis Queensland">Legalise Cannabis Queensland</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)#2021–present:_Luz_Verde_(Green_Light)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">Luz Verde</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Representaci%C3%B3n_Cann%C3%A1bica_de_Navarra_(RCN-NOK)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Representación Cannábica de Navarra (RCN-NOK) (page does not exist)">Representación Cannábica de Navarra (RCN-NOK)</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and<br />medical groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckley_Foundation" title="Beckley Foundation">Beckley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Science" title="Drug Science">Drug Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heffter_Research_Institute" title="Heffter Research Institute">Heffter Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Cannabinoid_Medicines" title="International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines">International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Ethnobotanical_Education,_Research_and_Service" title="International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service">International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindesmith_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindesmith Center">Lindesmith Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary_Association_for_Psychedelic_Studies" title="Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies">Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Cannabis_Buyers%27_Cooperative" title="Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative">Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Cannabis_Buyers_Club" title="San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club">San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Cannabis_Clinicians" title="Society of Cannabis Clinicians">Society of Cannabis Clinicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-European_Drug_Information" title="Trans-European Drug Information">Trans-European Drug Information network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_policy35" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_policy" title="Template:Public policy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_policy" title="Template talk:Public policy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public policy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_policy35" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy" title="Agricultural policy">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy" title="Cultural policy">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy reform">reform</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">Economic</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy" title="Fiscal policy">Fiscal</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Incomes_policy" title="Incomes policy">Incomes</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Industrial_policy" title="Industrial policy">Industrial</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Investment_policy" title="Investment policy">Investment</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tax_policy" title="Tax policy">Tax</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Commercial_policy" title="Commercial policy">Trade</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_policy" title="Education policy">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy" title="Energy policy">Energy</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_policy" title="Nuclear energy policy">Nuclear energy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy policy">Renewable energy</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_policy" title="Food policy">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">Health</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_policy" title="Pharmaceutical policy">Pharmaceutical</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Vaccination_policy" title="Vaccination policy">Vaccination</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing policy">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration policy">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_policy" title="Knowledge policy">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policy" title="Language policy">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_policy" title="Science policy">Science</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_research_policy" title="Stem cell research policy">Stem cell</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Space_policy" title="Space policy">Space</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Technology_policy" title="Technology policy">Technology</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">Social</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_policy" title="Evidence-based policy">Evidence-based policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_budgeting" title="Public budgeting">Public budgeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine" title="Public policy doctrine">Public policy doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_school" title="Public policy school">Public policy school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_analysis" title="Policy analysis">Policy analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_studies" title="Policy studies">Policy studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_services" title="Youth services">Youth services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_policy_topics_by_country" title="List of public policy topics by country">Public policy by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2020s_in_history471" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020s_in_history" title="Template:2020s in history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2020s_in_history" title="Template talk:2020s in history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020s_in_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2020s in history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2020s_in_history471" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s in history</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_politics" title="2020s in politics">2020s in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_military_history" title="2020s in military history">2020s in military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_economic_history" title="2020s in economic history">2020s in economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_environmental_history" title="2020s in environmental history">2020s in environmental history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_science_and_technology" title="2020s in science and technology">2020s in science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_climate_history" title="2020s in climate history">2020s in climate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_social_history" title="2020s in social history">2020s in social history</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_21st_century" title="Timeline of the 21st century">Timeline of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_2020s" title="List of state leaders in the 2020s">State leaders in the 2020s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_in_the_21st_century" title="List of protests in the 21st century">List of protests in the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic impact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Treaty descheduling of cannabis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_European_Parliament" title="Ninth European Parliament">EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Aboul_Gheit" title="Ahmed Aboul Gheit">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Luis_Almagro" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration of Luis Almagro">OAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intergovernmental_organizations" title="List of intergovernmental organizations">List of all groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population"> Major groups, by size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_racial_unrest_(2020%E2%80%932023)" title="United States racial unrest (2020–2023)">United States racial unrest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">3</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_United_States_politics_and_government" title="2020 in United States politics and government">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_United_States_politics_and_government" title="2021 in United States politics and government">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_United_States_politics_and_government" title="2025 in United States politics and government">2025</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Justin_Trudeau" title="Premiership of Justin Trudeau">Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela" title="Crisis in Venezuela">Crisis in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Pi%C3%B1era" title="Sebastián Piñera">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Lula_da_Silva" title="Second presidency of Lula da Silva">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Vizcarra" title="Martín Vizcarra">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Francisco_Sagasti" title="Presidency of Francisco Sagasti">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Pedro_Castillo" title="Presidency of Pedro Castillo">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Dina_Boluarte" title="Presidency of Dina Boluarte">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">outline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93European_Union_border_crisis" title="Belarus–European Union border crisis">Belarus–European Union border crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Boris_Johnson" title="Premiership of Boris Johnson">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Liz_Truss" title="Premiership of Liz Truss">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Rishi_Sunak" title="Premiership of Rishi Sunak">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Keir_Starmer" title="Premiership of Keir Starmer">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">France</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellorship_of_Angela_Merkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellorship of Angela Merkel">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellorship_of_Olaf_Scholz" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellorship of Olaf Scholz">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte#Prime_Minister_of_Italy_(2018–2021)" title="Giuseppe Conte">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draghi_government" title="Draghi government">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloni_government" title="Meloni government">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Vladimir_Putin" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Vladimir Putin">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_33rd_D%C3%A1il" title="Government of the 33rd Dáil">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilm%C3%A8s_II_Government" title="Wilmès II Government">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Croo_Government" title="De Croo Government">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2020 Kyrgyz Revolution">2020 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Sri_Lankan_protests" title="2022 Sri Lankan protests">2022 Sri Lankan protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake" title="2024 Noto earthquake">2024 Noto earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Myanmar civil war">Myanmar civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_drug_war" title="Philippine drug war">Philippine drug war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi Jinping Administration">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Keqiang Government">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Qiang Government">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">North Korea</a></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Abe_Cabinet" title="Fourth Abe Cabinet">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suga_Cabinet" title="Suga Cabinet">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Kishida_Cabinet" title="First Kishida Cabinet">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Kishida_Cabinet" title="Second Kishida Cabinet">3b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Kishida_Cabinet_(First_Reshuffle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kishida Cabinet (First Reshuffle)">3c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Kishida_Cabinet_(Second_Reshuffle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kishida Cabinet (Second Reshuffle)">3d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ishiba_Cabinet" title="First Ishiba Cabinet">4a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Ishiba_Cabinet" title="Second Ishiba Cabinet">4b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Narendra_Modi" title="Premiership of Narendra Modi">India</a></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joko_Widodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Joko Widodo">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malaysia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">4</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministership_of_Imran_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministership of Imran Khan">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Premiership of Shehbaz Sharif">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East and <br /> North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_economic_integration" title="Middle East economic integration">Middle East economic integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Libyan civil war (2014–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Israeli_political_crisis" title="2018–2022 Israeli political crisis">Israeli political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932021_Iraqi_protests" title="2019–2021 Iraqi protests">Iraqi protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahsa_Amini_protests" title="Mahsa Amini protests">Mahsa Amini protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Outline of the Gaza war">outline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fourth government of Israel">1a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-fifth government of Israel">1b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-sixth_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-sixth government of Israel">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">3a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">3b</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-Saharan<br />Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Vision_2020" title="Nigeria Vision 2020">Nigeria Vision 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_transition_to_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese transition to democracy">Sudanese transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_civil_conflict_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)">Ethiopian civil conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigray_war" title="Tigray war">Tigray war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">national responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_Belt" title="Coup Belt">Coup Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Rwanda_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda conflict">DRC–Rwanda conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 campaign (2022–present)">M23 campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_crisis_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Nigerien crisis (2023–2024)">Nigerien crisis (2023–2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Niger_crisis" title="Benin–Niger crisis">Benin–Niger crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Somalia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Abdullahi_Mohamed" title="Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_Council_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereignty Council of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiy Ahmed">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Eritrea</a></li> <li>Nigeria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Presidency of Muhammadu Buhari">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bola_Tinubu" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency of Bola Tinubu">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia and<br />Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_government" title="Morrison government">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanese_government" title="Albanese government">2</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Sixth National Government of New Zealand">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_science" title="2020 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_art" title="2020 in art">Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Portal:Current events</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2020s_articles56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2020s_articles" title="Template:2020s articles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2020s_articles" title="Template talk:2020s articles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2020s_articles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2020s articles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2020s_articles56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s" title="2020s"> Decade overview</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_African_history" title="2020s in African history">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_Asian_history" title="2020s in Asian history">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_European_history" title="2020s in European history">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_electoral_politics" title="2020s in electoral politics">Electoral data</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_military_history" title="2020s in military history">Military </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_economic_history" title="2020s in economic history">Economic </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_environmental_history" title="2020s in environmental history">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_science_and_technology" title="2020s in science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_social_history" title="2020s in social history">Social </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_politics" title="2020s in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_21st_century" title="Timeline of the 21st century">Timeline of the 21st century</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_2020s" title="List of sovereign states in the 2020s">List of nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="2020s in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><i>Lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">List of current heads of state and government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_in_the_21st_century" title="List of protests in the 21st century">List of protests in the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts" title="List of ongoing armed conflicts">List of ongoing armed conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:COVID-19" title="Portal:COVID-19">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">Recession</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Paris_Agreement_on_Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Paris Agreement on Climate Change">2016 Paris Agreement on Climate Change</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Treaty descheduling of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Govt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council"> UN Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_European_Parliament" title="Ninth European Parliament">EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Aboul_Gheit" title="Ahmed Aboul Gheit">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Luis_Almagro" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration of Luis Almagro">OAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_intergovernmental_organizations" title="List of intergovernmental organizations">List of all groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population"> Major groups, by size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Govt:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_politics_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 in politics and government">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_politics_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 in politics and government">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_politics_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 in politics and government">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_politics_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 in politics and government">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_politics_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 in politics and government">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_in_politics_and_government" class="mw-redirect" title="2025 in politics and government">2025</a></i></li> <li><i>Science:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_science" title="2020 in science">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_science" title="2021 in science">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_science" title="2022 in science">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_science" title="2023 in science">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_science" title="2024 in science">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_in_science" title="2025 in science">2025</a></i></li> <li><i>Arts:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_art" title="2020 in art">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_art" title="2021 in art">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_art" title="2022 in art">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_art" title="2023 in art">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_art" title="2024 in art">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_art" title="2025 in art">2025</a></li> <li><i>Sports:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_sports" title="2020 in sports">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_sports" title="2021 in sports">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_sports" title="2022 in sports">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_sports" title="2023 in sports">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_sports" title="2024 in sports">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2025_in_sports" title="2025 in sports">2025</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>General:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s-related_lists" title="Category:2020s-related lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_timelines" title="Category:2020s timelines">Timelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_timelines_by_year" title="Category:21st-century timelines by year">By year</a></li> <li><i>Historical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s" title="Category:2020s">2020s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_by_country" title="Category:2020s by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_economic_history" title="Category:2020s in economic history">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_politics" title="Category:2020s in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_women%27s_history" title="Category:2020s in women's history">Women's history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_fads_and_trends" title="Category:2020s fads and trends">Trends</a></li> <li><i>Topical:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_technology" title="Category:2020s in technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_transport" title="Category:2020s in transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_computing" title="Category:2020s in computing">Computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_science" title="Category:2020s in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_health" title="Category:2020s in health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_the_arts" title="Category:2020s in the arts">Arts and culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_art" title="Category:2020s in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_paintings" title="Category:2020s paintings">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_sculptures" title="Category:2020s sculptures">Sculptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_literature" title="Category:2020s in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_music" title="Category:2020s in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_fashion" title="Category:2020s fashion">Fashion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_sports" title="Category:2020s in sports">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_professional_wrestling" title="Category:2020s in professional wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Portal:Current events</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&oldid=1275607589">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&oldid=1275607589</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1961_in_cannabis" title="Category:1961 in cannabis">1961 in cannabis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_in_cannabis" title="Category:2020 in cannabis">2020 in cannabis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2021_in_cannabis" title="Category:2021 in cannabis">2021 in cannabis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_cannabis_law_reform" title="Category:2020 cannabis law reform">2020 cannabis law reform</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2021_cannabis_law_reform" title="Category:2021 cannabis law reform">2021 cannabis law reform</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drug_control_law" title="Category:Drug control law">Drug control law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drug_policy_reform" title="Category:Drug policy reform">Drug policy reform</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016">Articles with dead external links from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">CS1 maint: date and year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2024">Use mdy dates from July 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 February 2025, at 00:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>Add languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d7b4c955b-8ncs9","wgBackendResponseTime":223,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.998","walltime":"1.141","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4115,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":278629,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1608,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":265787,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 914.238 1 -total"," 23.24% 212.439 22 Template:Cite_web"," 18.15% 165.937 9 Template:Navbox"," 14.21% 129.945 21 Template:Cite_book"," 11.99% 109.662 1 Template:Cannabis"," 9.62% 87.988 11 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.36% 76.435 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.19% 47.419 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.12% 37.649 1 Template:Dead_link"," 3.80% 34.706 1 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.595","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6476496,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n [\"text\"] = \"''Cannabis'' portal\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7768bff66-7lgh2","timestamp":"20250304155032","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q115533464","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q115533464","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-10-03T20:15:52Z","dateModified":"2025-02-14T00:23:41Z","headline":"change in international cannabis scheduling"}</script> </body> </html>