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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="شبه جزيرة ملايو – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبه جزيرة ملايو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Malaca" title="Península de Malaca – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Península de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Malay yarımadası – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malay yarımadası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Малакка ярымутрауы – ബഷ്ഖിർ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Малакка ярымутрауы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ബഷ്ഖിർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Малака (паўвостраў) – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малака (паўвостраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малака – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малака" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA" title="মালয় উপদ্বীপ – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালয় উপদ্বীপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajsko_poluostrvo" title="Malajsko poluostrvo – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malajsko poluostrvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Malaca" title="Península de Malaca – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Península de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DA%86%DB%95%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="نیمچەدوورگەی مالایی – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیمچەدوورگەی مالایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajsk%C3%BD_poloostrov" title="Malajský poloostrov – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malajský poloostrov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%C3%A7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Малай çурутравĕ – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Малай çурутравĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayahalv%C3%B8en" title="Malayahalvøen – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malayahalvøen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaiische_Halbinsel" title="Malaiische Halbinsel – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malaiische Halbinsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A7%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μαλαϊκή Χερσόνησος – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλαϊκή Χερσόνησος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Malay Peninsula" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaja_Duoninsulo" title="Malaja Duoninsulo – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malaja Duoninsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_de_Malaca" title="Península de Malaca – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Península de Malaca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaka_poolsaar" title="Malaka poolsaar – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malaka poolsaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiako_penintsula" title="Malaysiako penintsula – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malaysiako penintsula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شبه‌جزیره مالایی – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبه‌جزیره مالایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakan_niemimaa" title="Malakan niemimaa – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malakan niemimaa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakkah%C3%A1lvoyggin" title="Malakkahálvoyggin – ഫാറോസ്" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Malakkahálvoyggin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ഫാറോസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise" title="Péninsule Malaise – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Péninsule Malaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaiisk_Hualeweilun" title="Malaiisk Hualeweilun – നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Malaiisk Hualeweilun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="നോർത്തേൻ ഫ്രിഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(skiereil%C3%A2n)" title="Malakka (skiereilân) – പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Malakka (skiereilân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="പശ്ചിമ ഫ്രിഷിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leithinis_Mhalae" title="Leithinis Mhalae – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leithinis Mhalae" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Malaia" title="Península Malaia – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Península Malaia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2-l%C3%B2i_Pan-t%C3%B3" title="Mâ-lòi Pan-tó – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mâ-lòi Pan-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A6%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99" title="חצי האי המלאי – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חצי האי המלאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="मलय प्रायद्वीप – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलय प्रायद्वीप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajski_poluotok" title="Malajski poluotok – ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malajski poluotok" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1j-f%C3%A9lsziget" title="Maláj-félsziget – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maláj-félsziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AF%D5%A1_(%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB)" title="Մալակկա (թերակղզի) – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալակկա (թերակղզի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenanjung_Malaya" title="Semenanjung Malaya – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Semenanjung Malaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Malayo" title="Peninsula Malayo – ഇലോകോ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Peninsula Malayo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ഇലോകോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakkaskagi" title="Malakkaskagi – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Malakkaskagi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penisola_malese" title="Penisola malese – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penisola malese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="マレー半島 – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マレー半島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujung_Malaka" title="Ujung Malaka – ജാവനീസ്" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ujung Malaka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ജാവനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მალაკის ნახევარკუნძული – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალაკის ნახევარკუნძული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – കര-കാൽപ്പക്" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="കര-കാൽപ്പക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Малакка түбегі – കസാഖ്" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малакка түбегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="കസാഖ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81" title="ទៀបកោះម៉ាឡេ – ഖമെർ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទៀបកោះម៉ាឡេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ഖമെർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="말레이반도 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말레이반도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurea_Chersonesus" title="Aurea Chersonesus – ലാറ്റിൻ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aurea Chersonesus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5" title="ແຫຼມມາເລ – ലാവോ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຫຼມມາເລ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ലാവോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakos_pusiasalis" title="Malakos pusiasalis – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malakos pusiasalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakas_pussala" title="Malakas pussala – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Malakas pussala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saikanosin%27_i_Malezia" title="Saikanosin' i Malezia – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saikanosin' i Malezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samananjuang_Malaka" title="Samananjuang Malaka – മിനാങ്കബൗ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Samananjuang Malaka" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="മിനാങ്കബൗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Малајски Полуостров – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малајски Полуостров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="मलय द्वीपकल्प – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मलय द्वीपकल्प" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Малакка пел ошмаоты – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Малакка пел ошмаоты" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semenanjung_Tanah_Melayu" title="Semenanjung Tanah Melayu – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Semenanjung Tanah Melayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ် – ബർമീസ്" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ബർമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مالایا – മസന്ററാനി" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالایا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="മസന്ററാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka_(schiereiland)" title="Malakka (schiereiland) – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Malakka (schiereiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayahalv%C3%B8ya" title="Malayahalvøya – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malayahalvøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayahalv%C3%B8ya" title="Malayahalvøya – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malayahalvøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Малаккæйы æрдæгсакъадах – ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Малаккæйы æрдæгсакъадах" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Malajski" title="Półwysep Malajski – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Półwysep Malajski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%92" title="جزیرہ نما مالے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جزیرہ نما مالے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_da_Mal%C3%A1sia" title="Península da Malásia – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Península da Malásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Malacca" title="Peninsula Malacca – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peninsula Malacca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Малакка (полуостров) – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малакка (полуостров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajski_poluotok" title="Malajski poluotok – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malajski poluotok" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malay Peninsula" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajsk%C3%BD_polostrov" title="Malajský polostrov – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malajský polostrov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajski_polotok" title="Malajski polotok – സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malajski polotok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Малајско полуострво – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малајско полуострво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malackahalv%C3%B6n" title="Malackahalvön – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malackahalvön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasi_ya_Malay" title="Rasi ya Malay – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rasi ya Malay" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மலாய் தீபகற்பம் – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலாய் தீபகற்பம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9" title="คาบสมุทรมลายู – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาบสมุทรมลายู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangway_ng_Malaya" title="Tangway ng Malaya – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tangway ng Malaya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Yar%C4%B1madas%C4%B1" title="Malay Yarımadası – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malay Yarımadası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Малакка (півострів) – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малакка (півострів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%92_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="مالے جزیرہ نما – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مالے جزیرہ نما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakka" title="Malakka – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malakka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o_M%C3%A3_Lai" title="Bán đảo Mã Lai – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bán đảo Mã Lai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawis_han_Malaya" title="Rawis han Malaya – വാരേയ്" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rawis han Malaya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="വാരേയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="马来亚半岛 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马来亚半岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მალაკაშ ჩქონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალაკაშ ჩქონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="马来半岛 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马来半岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1-l%C3%A2i_po%C3%A0n-t%C3%B3" title="Má-lâi poàn-tó – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Má-lâi poàn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="馬來半島 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬來半島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&params=7_00_N_100_00_E_source:kolossus-ruwiki_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">100°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.000°N 100.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.000; 100.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsula</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4128903">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">മലയ് പെനിൻസുല</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ">തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3946094">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&params=7_00_N_100_00_E_source:kolossus-ruwiki_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">100°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.000°N 100.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.000; 100.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="മലേഷ്യ">മലേഷ്യ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="തായ്‌ലൻഡ്">തായ്‌ലൻഡ്</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="മ്യാൻമർ">മ്യാൻമർ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="സിംഗപ്പൂർ">സിംഗപ്പൂർ</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv/220px--Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="147" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="720" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="840" data-height="560" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="216" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="540" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv/Night_Pass_over_Malaysia.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="540" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>മലയ പെനിൻസുല രാത്രി വെളിച്ചത്തിൽ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>മലയ് പെനിൻസുല</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യ">തെക്കുകിഴക്കേ ഏഷ്യയിലെ</a> ഒരു <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉപദ്വീപ്">ഉപദ്വീപാണ്</a>. ഇതിന്റെ ഭൂവിസ്തൃതി ഏതാണ്ട് വടക്ക്-കിഴക്ക് ആണ്. ഈ ഉപദ്വീപിന്റെ അവസാനം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ഏഷ്യൻ വൻകര">ഏഷ്യൻ വൻകര</a>യുടെ തെക്ക് ഭാഗമാണ്. ഈ പ്രദേശം <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="പെനിൻസുലർ മലേഷ്യ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">പെനിൻസുലർ മലേഷ്യ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="തെക്കൻ തായ്‌ലാന്റ്">തെക്കൻ തായ്ലാന്റ്</a> എന്നിവ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളുന്നു. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="മ്യാൻമാർ">മ്യാൻമറിന്റെ</a> തെക്കൻ മുനമ്പും (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawthaung_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawthaung District (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കൗതാംങ്</a>), സിറ്റി സ്റ്റേറ്റ് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="സിംഗപ്പൂർ">സിംഗപ്പൂറും</a> ഇതിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ടെനാസെറിം മലകൾ">ടെനാസെറിം മലനിരകളുടെ</a> ഒരു ഭാഗമായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B4%B8_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ടിറ്റിവാങ്‍സ മലനിരകൾ">ടിറ്റിവാങ്‍സ മലനിരകൾ</a> ഈ ഉപദ്വീപിന്റെ നട്ടെലായി നിൽക്കുന്നു. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="തിബെത്ത്">ടിബറ്റിൽ</a> നിന്ന് ക്രാ ഇസ്ഷ്ടുമസ് (പെനിൻസുലയുടെ ഏറ്റവും ഇടുങ്ങിയ സ്ഥാനം) മലയ് പെനിൻസുലയിലേക്ക് രൂപംകൊള്ളുന്ന സെൻട്രൽ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordillera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordillera (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കോർഡില്ലേരയുടെ</a> തെക്കൻ ഭാഗമാണ് ഇവ.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> മലയ് ഉപദ്വീപിനും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യ">ഇന്തോനേഷ്യയിലെ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="സുമാത്ര">സുമാത്ര</a> ദ്വീപിനുമിടയിലുള്ള കടലിടുക്കാണ് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മലാക്കാ കടലിടുക്ക്">മലാക്ക കടലിടുക്ക്</a>. സൗത്ത് തീരം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="സിംഗപ്പൂർ">സിംഗപ്പൂർ</a> ദ്വീപിൽ നിന്നും <a href="/w/index.php?title=Straits_of_Johor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Straits of Johor (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജോഹർ കടലിടുക്ക്</a> വേർതിരിക്കുന്നു. കിഴക്കൻ മേഖലയിലെ ഏറ്റവും തിരക്കുള്ള കപ്പൽ പാതയാണ് മലാക്ക കടലിടുക്ക്. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8" title="ചൈന">ചൈനയിൽ</a> നിന്നുള്ള ഭീഷണി നേരിടാൻ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ">ഇന്ത്യ</a> ഇവിടെ വൻ സൈനിക സന്നാഹമൊരുക്കി എന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="വിജ്ഞാനശാസ്ത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.9C.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.9E.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A8.E0.B4.B6.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.B8.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>വിജ്ഞാനശാസ്ത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: വിജ്ഞാനശാസ്ത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="മലയ് ഭാഷ">മലയ്</a> വാക്ക് താന മേലായു, താന (ഭൂമി), മേലായു (മലയ്) എന്ന പദത്തിൽ നിന്നും ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞു വന്നതാണ്. അതായതു് "മലയ് ദേശം". പതിനാറാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ പഴക്കമുള്ള മലയ് ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളിൽ ഈ പദം കാണാം.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Malacca Sultanate">മലഖക സുൽത്താനത്തിലെ</a> പ്രമുഖ നായകന്മാരുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട് വാക്കാലുള്ള കഥകളായി ആരംഭിച്ച പ്രശസ്ത ക്ലാസിക്കൽ കൃതിയായ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hikayat_Hang_Tuah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikayat Hang Tuah (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹികായത്ത് ഹാൻ ടുവായിലാണ്</a> പലപ്പോഴും ഇത് പരാമർശിക്കപ്പെടുന്നത്. മലാക്കാൻ ആധിപത്യത്തിൻ കീഴിലുള്ള പ്രദേശത്തെ സൂചിപ്പിക്കാൻ താന മേലായു എന്ന വാക്ക് സ്ഥിരമായി ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>പതിനാറാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ 1512 മുതൽ 1515 വരെ മലാക്കായിൽ താമസിച്ചിരുന്ന ഒരു <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="പോർട്ടുഗീസ്">പോർട്ടുഗീസ്</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="അപ്പോത്തിക്കെരി">അപ്പോത്തിക്കെരി</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tome_Pires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tome Pires (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ടോം പേറസ്</a> <i>ടെട്രാ ഡി താന മാളായിയോ</i> എന്ന ഏതാണ്ട് സമാനമായ പദപ്രയോഗം നടത്തി. ഇത് സുമാത്രയുടെ തെക്ക്-കിഴക്കൻ ഭാഗമായ മലാഖയിലെ സുൽത്താനിൽ നാടുകടത്തപ്പെട്ട ഗവൺമെന്റ് സ്ഥാപിച്ച <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Shah_of_Malacca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmud Shah of Malacca (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">മഹ്മൂദ് ഷായെ</a> അദ്ദേഹം പരാമർശിച്ചു. 17-ാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ പോർച്ചുഗീസ് ചരിത്രകാരനായ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Godinho_de_Er%C3%A9dia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Godinho de Erédia (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇമ്മാനുവൽ ഗോദീനോ ദെ എറേദിയയുടെ</a> വിവരണം, വടക്ക് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ആൻഡമാൻ കടൽ">ആൻഡമാൻ കടലും</a>, കേന്ദ്രത്തിൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മലാക്കാ കടലിടുക്ക്">മലാക്കാ കടലിടുക്കും</a>, തെക്ക് സുൻഡ സ്ട്രീറ്റ് എന്ന ഭാഗവും, കിഴക്ക് പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD" title="ദക്ഷിണ ചൈനാക്കടൽ">ദക്ഷിണ ചൈനാക്കടൽ</a> ഭാഗവും.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>മലാക്ക സ്ഥാപിതമാവുന്നതിനു മുമ്പേ തന്നെ, മലയ ഉപദ്വീപിനെ കുറിച്ച്, പല വിദേശ രാജ്യങ്ങളിലെയും പൗരാണിക കാലത്തിലെയും മദ്ധ്യകാലഘട്ടത്തിലെയും ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളിൽ പരാമർശിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. പല ഭാരതീയ പണ്ഡിതരും, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="വായുപുരാണം">വായുപുരാണത്തിൽ</a> <i>മലകളാൽ സംരക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ട വൻകര</i> എന്ന അർഥമുള്ള <i>മലയ ദ്വീപ്</i> എന്ന് പ്രതിപാദിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്, മലയ് ഉപദ്വീപിനെ കുറിച്ച് ആണെന്ന് കരുതപ്പെടുന്നു..<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="തമിഴ്‌നാട്">തമിഴ്‌നാട്ടിലെ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="തഞ്ചാവൂർ">തഞ്ചാവൂരിൽ</a> സ്ഥിതിചെയ്യുന്ന <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ബൃഹദീശ്വരക്ഷേത്രം">ബൃഹദീശ്വര ക്ഷേത്രത്തിന്റെ</a> തെക്ക് വശത്തെ ഭിത്തിയിൽ മലയ ഉപദ്വീപിലെ മലകളാൽ സംരക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന മലൈയൂർ (<i>Malaiur</i>) എന്ന രാജ്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് പരാമർശം ഉണ്ട്.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_(southeast_Asia).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_%28southeast_Asia%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_%28southeast_Asia%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_%28southeast_Asia%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_%28southeast_Asia%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_%28southeast_Asia%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-The_Golden_Chersonese_-_details_from_the_eleventh_map_of_Asia_%28southeast_Asia%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1048" /></a><figcaption>Details from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolaus_Germanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolaus Germanus (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Nicolaus Germanus</a>'s 1467 copy of a map from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_(Ptolemy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geography (Ptolemy) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Ptolemy's <i>Geography</i></a>, showing the Golden Chersonese, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. The horizontal line represents the <a href="/wiki/Equator" class="mw-redirect" title="Equator">Equator</a>, which is misplaced too far north due to its being calculated from the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a> using the Ptolemaic degree, which is only five-sixths of a true degree.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ടോളമി">ടോളമിയുടെ</a> ഗ്രീക്ക് ഗ്രന്ഥമായ <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographia_(Ptolemy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geographia (Ptolemy) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ജ്യോഗ്രഫിയയിൽ</a></i> സുവർണ്ണ ഉപദ്വീപിലെ (<i>Golden Chersonese</i>) മലെയു കൊലോൺ എന്ന പരാമർശമുണ്ട്. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>സൂഖോതായ് രാജ്യം ഭരിച്ചിരുന്ന <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="രാം ഖാംഹെംങ്">രാം ഖാം ഹെംങ് രാജാവിന്റെ</a> ദക്ഷിണ ഭാഗത്തേക്കുള്ള സാമ്രാജ്യവികസനത്തെ പ്രതിരോധിച്ച മലയ് ഉപദ്വീപിലെ <i>മ-ലി-യു-എർ</i> (<i>Ma-li-yu-er</i>) എന്ന രാജ്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ച് ചൈനീസ് യുവാൻ രാജവംശത്തിന്റെ കാലാനുസൃതവവിവരണത്തിൽ പറഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ഇതേ കാലഘട്ടത്തിൽ തന്നെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B" title="മാർക്കോ പോളോ">മാർക്കോ പോളോ</a> തന്റെ സഞ്ചാരക്കുറിപ്പുകളായിരുന്ന <i>ദ് ട്രവൽസ് ഒവ് മാർകൊ പോളൊയിൽ</i> മലയൂരിർ എന്ന മലയ് ഉപദ്വീപിലെ രാജ്യത്തെക്കുറിച്ച്, യുവാൻ കാലാനുസൃതവവിവരണത്തിൽ പറഞ്ഞതിനു സമാനമായി പ്രതിപാദിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഇതും_കാണുക"><span id=".E0.B4.87.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95"></span>ഇതും കാണുക</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഇതും കാണുക"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="മലയ് ദ്വീപസമൂഹം">മലയ് ദ്വീപസമൂഹം</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബങ്ങൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.99.E0.B5.BE"></span>അവലംബങ്ങൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബങ്ങൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia, Avijit Gupta</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101001080211/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=128872">"Mathrubhumi - ചൈനാഭീഷണി മലാക്കാ കടലിടുക്കിനെ ലക്ഷ്യമിട്ട് ഇന്ത്യ വൻ സൈനിക സന്നാഹമൊരുക്കുന്നു"</a>. 2010-10-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathrubhumi.com/story.php?id=128872">the original</a> on 2010-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mathrubhumi+-+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE+%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86+%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF+%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathrubhumi.com%2Fstory.php%3Fid%3D128872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFMohamed_Anwar_Omar_Din2012" class="citation web cs1">Mohamed Anwar Omar Din (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/23534/15030">"Legitimacy of the Malays as the Sons of the Soil"</a>. Canadian Center of Science and Education. pp. 80–81. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1911-2025">1911-2025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legitimacy+of+the+Malays+as+the+Sons+of+the+Soil&rft.pages=80-81&rft.pub=Canadian+Center+of+Science+and+Education&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=1911-2025&rft.au=Mohamed+Anwar+Omar+Din&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccsenet.org%2Fjournal%2Findex.php%2Fass%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F23534%2F15030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFReid2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Reid_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Reid (academic) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Reid, Anthony</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialalchemyn00reid_283"><i>Imperial alchemy : nationalism and political identity in Southeast Asia</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/imperialalchemyn00reid_283/page/n109">95</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-0-521-87237-9" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-0-521-87237-9"><bdi>978-0-521-87237-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+alchemy+%3A+nationalism+and+political+identity+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87237-9&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fimperialalchemyn00reid_283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFMohamed_Anwar_Omar_Din2011" class="citation web cs1">Mohamed Anwar Omar Din (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/82001895">"Asal Usul Orang Melayu: Menulis Semula Sejarahnya (The Malay Origin: Rewrite Its History)"</a>. Jurnal Melayu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiti_Kebangsaan_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia</a>. pp. 28–30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asal+Usul+Orang+Melayu%3A+Menulis+Semula+Sejarahnya+%28The+Malay+Origin%3A+Rewrite+Its+History%29&rft.pages=28-30&rft.pub=Jurnal+Melayu%2C+Universiti+Kebangsaan+Malaysia&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Mohamed+Anwar+Omar+Din&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F82001895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFPande2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Govind_Chandra_Pande" class="mw-redirect" title="Govind Chandra Pande">Pande, Govind Chandra</a> (2005). <i>India's Interaction with Southeast Asia: History of Science,Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. 1, Part 3</i>. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-81-87586-24-1" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-81-87586-24-1"><bdi>978-81-87586-24-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%27s+Interaction+with+Southeast+Asia%3A+History+of+Science%2CPhilosophy+and+Culture+in+Indian+Civilization%2C+Vol.+1%2C+Part+3&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=Munshiram+Manoharlal&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-87586-24-1&rft.aulast=Pande&rft.aufirst=Govind+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFMukerjee1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radhakamal_Mukerjee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radhakamal Mukerjee (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Mukerjee, Radhakamal</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cultureartindia00muke"><i>The culture and art of India</i></a>. Coronet Books Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cultureartindia00muke/page/n211">212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-81-215-0114-9" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-81-215-0114-9"><bdi>978-81-215-0114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+culture+and+art+of+India&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Coronet+Books+Inc&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-81-215-0114-9&rft.aulast=Mukerjee&rft.aufirst=Radhakamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcultureartindia00muke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar1970" class="citation book cs1">Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan (1970). <i>Some contributions of India to the ancient civilisation of Indonesia and Malaysia</i>. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak. p. 8. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASIN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASIN (identifier) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000PFNF5C">B000PFNF5C</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+contributions+of+India+to+the+ancient+civilisation+of+Indonesia+and+Malaysia&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Punthi+Pustak&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000PFNF5C%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Himansu+Bhusan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFLanger1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_L._Langer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William L. Langer (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Langer, William Leonard</a> (1973). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Encyclopedia_of_World_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Encyclopedia of World History (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">An Encyclopedia of World History</a>: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged</i>. Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-0-395-13592-1" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-0-395-13592-1"><bdi>978-0-395-13592-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+World+History%3A+Ancient%2C+Medieval%2C+and+Modern%2C+Chronologically+Arranged&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Co&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-395-13592-1&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=William+Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFKothaS.2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotha_Satchidanda_Murthy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotha Satchidanda Murthy (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Kotha, Satchidananda Murthy</a>; S., Sankaranarayanan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifethoughtcultu0002unse"><i>Life, thought, and culture in India, c. AD 300-1000</i></a>. Centre for Studies in Civilizations. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifethoughtcultu0002unse/page/121">121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-81-87586-09-8" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-81-87586-09-8"><bdi>978-81-87586-09-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life%2C+thought%2C+and+culture+in+India%2C+c.+AD+300-1000&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Centre+for+Studies+in+Civilizations&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-87586-09-8&rft.aulast=Kotha&rft.aufirst=Satchidananda+Murthy&rft.au=S.%2C+Sankaranarayanan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifethoughtcultu0002unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFGerini1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerolamo_Emilio_Gerini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerolamo Emilio Gerini (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Gerini, Gerolamo Emilio</a> (1974). <i>Researches on Ptolemy's geography of eastern Asia (further India and Indo-Malay archipelago</i>. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/81-7069-036-6" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/81-7069-036-6"><bdi>81-7069-036-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Researches+on+Ptolemy%27s+geography+of+eastern+Asia+%28further+India+and+Indo-Malay+archipelago&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Oriental+Books+Reprint+Corporation&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=81-7069-036-6&rft.aulast=Gerini&rft.aufirst=Gerolamo+Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFGuoxue2003" class="citation web cs1">Guoxue (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guoxue.com/shibu/24shi/yuanshi/yuas_210.htm">"Chronicle of Mongol Yuan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+Mongol+Yuan&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Guoxue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guoxue.com%2Fshibu%2F24shi%2Fyuanshi%2Fyuas_210.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFHall1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D.G.E._Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D.G.E. Hall (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Hall, Daniel George Edward</a> (1981). <i>History of South East Asia</i>. Macmillan. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-0-333-24163-9" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-0-333-24163-9"><bdi>978-0-333-24163-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+South+East+Asia&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-333-24163-9&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Daniel+George+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFCordier2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Cordier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Cordier (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Cordier, Henri</a> (2009). <i>Ser Marco Polo; notes and addenda to Sir Henry Yule's edition, containing the results of recent research and discovery</i>. Bibliolife. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-1-110-77685-6" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-1-110-77685-6"><bdi>978-1-110-77685-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ser+Marco+Polo%3B+notes+and+addenda+to+Sir+Henry+Yule%27s+edition%2C+containing+the+results+of+recent+research+and+discovery&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Bibliolife&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-110-77685-6&rft.aulast=Cordier&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFWright2004" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Thomas (2004). <i>The travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: the translation of Marsden revised, with a selection of his notes</i>. Kessinger Publishing, LLC. pp. 364–365. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/978-1-4191-8573-1" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/978-1-4191-8573-1"><bdi>978-1-4191-8573-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+travels+of+Marco+Polo%2C+the+Venetian%3A+the+translation+of+Marsden+revised%2C+with+a+selection+of+his+notes&rft.pages=364-365&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing%2C+LLC&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4191-8573-1&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B3_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Malay_Peninsula" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> എന്ന വിഷയവുമായി ബന്ധമുള്ള കൂടുതൽ പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്">വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസിൽ</a>)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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