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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1992_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>1992 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>1996 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2000_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>2000 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>2004 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>2008 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2012_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>2012 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>2020 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>2024 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_registration_and_notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_registration_and_notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voter registration and notable members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_registration_and_notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Platform</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Platform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Platform subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Domestic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electoral_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Electoral College</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Environmental policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Federalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiscal_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiscal_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Fiscal policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Social policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Foreign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Immigration policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Best_results_in_major_races" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Best_results_in_major_races"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Best results in major races</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Best_results_in_major_races-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution Party (United States)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="الحزب الدستوري (الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحزب الدستوري (الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstitusiya_Partiyas%C4%B1_(AB%C5%9E)" title="Konstitusiya Partiyası (ABŞ) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Konstitusiya Partiyası (ABŞ)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Канстытуцыйная партыя ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канстытуцыйная партыя ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3" title="Partit de la Constitució – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit de la Constitució" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1topr%C3%A1vn%C3%AD_strana_(USA)" title="Státoprávní strana (USA) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Státoprávní strana (USA)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party" title="Constitution Party – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Constitution Party" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party" title="Constitution Party – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Constitution Party" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hiseaduse_Partei" title="Põhiseaduse Partei – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhiseaduse Partei" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n" title="Partido de la Constitución – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido de la Constitución" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party_(Usono)" title="Constitution Party (Usono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Constitution Party (Usono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstituzioaren_Alderdia_(AEB)" title="Konstituzioaren Alderdia (AEB) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konstituzioaren Alderdia (AEB)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="حزب قانون اساسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب قانون اساسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_de_la_Constitution_(%C3%89tats-Unis)" title="Parti de la Constitution (États-Unis) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti de la Constitution (États-Unis)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95%EB%8B%B9" title="헌법당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헌법당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_della_Costituzione_(Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Partito della Costituzione (Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito della Costituzione (Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="الحزب الدستورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحزب الدستورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party" title="Constitution Party – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Constitution Party" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%85%9A" title="憲法党 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="憲法党" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstitusjonspartiet" title="Konstitusjonspartiet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konstitusjonspartiet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Konstytucyjna" title="Partia Konstytucyjna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Konstytucyjna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_da_Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(Estados_Unidos)" title="Partido da Constituição (Estados Unidos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido da Constituição (Estados Unidos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Конституционная партия (США) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конституционная партия (США)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Constitution Party (United States)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perustuslakipuolue_(Yhdysvallat)" title="Perustuslakipuolue (Yhdysvallat) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perustuslakipuolue (Yhdysvallat)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_Party" title="Constitution Party – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Constitution Party" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Ҳизби конститутсионии ИМА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳизби конститутсионии ИМА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American political party</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Taxpayers Party" redirects here. For the New York party, see <a href="/wiki/Taxpayers_Party_of_New_York" title="Taxpayers Party of New York">Taxpayers Party of New York</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"American Constitution Party" redirects here. For the Colorado party, see <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Party_(Colorado)" title="American Constitution Party (Colorado)">American Constitution Party (Colorado)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1950s conservative third party, see <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States,_1952)" title="Constitution Party (United States, 1952)">Constitution Party (United States, 1952)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #A356DE; border-bottom:2px solid #A356DE; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Constitution Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_Party_(USA)_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Constitution_Party_%28USA%29_logo.svg/125px-Constitution_Party_%28USA%29_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Constitution_Party_%28USA%29_logo.svg/188px-Constitution_Party_%28USA%29_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Constitution_Party_%28USA%29_logo.svg/250px-Constitution_Party_%28USA%29_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="260" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_chair" title="Party chair">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Jim Clymer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1990<span class="noprint">; 34 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1990</span>)</span> (as <span class="nowrap">U.S. Taxpayers' Party</span>)<br />1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999</span>)</span> (as Constitution Party)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">408 West Chestnut Street, <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> 17603</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 137,367<sup id="cite_ref-Membership2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Membership2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a><sup id="cite_ref-social_con_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social_con-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultraconservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-social_con_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social_con-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-social_con_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social_con-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC0C2F; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#002C77; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a>, <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">white</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">blue</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">national colors</a>)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A356DE; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a> (de facto)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Seats in the Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 100</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D2B48C; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Seats in the House</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D2B48C; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governorships</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 50</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D2B48C; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State Upper House Seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 1,972</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D2B48C; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">State Lower House Seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 5,411</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D2B48C; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Constitution_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral history of the Constitution Party (United States)">Other elected offices</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">28<sup id="cite_ref-current_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png/100px-Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png/150px-Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png/200px-Constitution_Party_USA_Disc_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://constitutionparty.com/">constitutionparty<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128321#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; 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border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_H._Lanier" title="Lyle H. Lanier">Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James Buchanan Jr.">Buchanan (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Graglia" title="Lino Graglia">Graglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye (Beverly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye (Tim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Mellon Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (daughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1924)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1941)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1953)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (<i>historically, factions</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Newspapers</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>TV channels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> <p><b>Websites</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Economics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> <p><b>Gun rights</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Identity politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America"><i>ACT!</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nativist</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> <p><b>Religion</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> <p><b>Watchdog groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Youth/student groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> <p><b>Miscellaneous</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism#Influence_on_the_Christian_right_in_general" title="Christian reconstructionism">Reconstructionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_education_movement" title="Classical education movement">Classical education movement</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Paideia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Women in conservatism in the United States">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#United_States" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States">Mormon</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Prophecy" title="White Horse Prophecy">White Horse Prophecy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Patriot movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism#United_States" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secessionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">in Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican"><i>South Park</i> Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Constitution Party</b>, named the <b>U.S. Taxpayers' Party</b> until 1999, is an <a href="/wiki/Ultra-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-conservative">ultra-conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that promotes a <a href="/wiki/Religious_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservative">religiously conservative</a> interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Principle" title="Principle">principles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">intents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>. The party platform is based on <a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">originalist</a> interpretations of the Constitution and shaped by principles which it believes were set forth in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>, the Constitution and the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. </p><p>The party was founded by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a>, a conservative activist, after President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> violated his pledge of "<a href="/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">read my lips: no new taxes</a>". During the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a> presidential elections, the party sought to give its presidential nomination to prominent politicians including <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>, but was unsuccessful and instead selected Phillips as its presidential nominee in three successive elections. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a> was given the presidential nomination in <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> in <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> (although he faced opposition from multiple state affiliates), <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a> in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>, Darrell Castle in <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a> in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> and <a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a> in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>. </p><p>In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Jore" title="Rick Jore">Rick Jore</a>, a three-term Republican member of the Montana House of Representatives, became the first member of the party to hold a seat in a state legislature. He was defeated in the 2000, 2002 and 2004 elections; however, he was elected to a state legislature in 2006, the first Constitution Party candidate to be elected. In 2002, Greg Moeller became the first member of the party to win a partisan election. The Constitution parties of Minnesota and <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Party_(Colorado)" title="American Constitution Party (Colorado)">Colorado</a> have both achieved major party status once. </p><p>As of June 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_Party_(United_States)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Constitution Party has 28 members who have been elected to <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> seats and other <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">municipal offices</a> across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-current_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of registered members, the party ranks fifth among national parties in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 presidential election</a>, Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> stated "<a href="/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">read my lips: no new taxes</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">1988 Republican National Convention</a>. However, Bush violated that pledge during his <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">presidency</a>. Following the breaking of the no new taxes pledge <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a> announced that he would form a <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">third political party</a> called the U.S. Taxpayers' Party.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phillips formed his new party through the U.S. Taxpayers Alliance, an organization he had founded and which had affiliates in twenty-five states, using its mailing list to announce the formation of a new party.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips also attempted to create a coalition with state affiliates of the <a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a>, but was rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was accepted into the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Free_and_Open_Elections" title="Coalition for Free and Open Elections">Coalition for Free and Open Elections</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party launched its first petition drive when Jack Perry started a campaign to appear on the 1991 <a href="/wiki/1991_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="1991 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania">United States special election</a> ballot in Pennsylvania.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3></div> <p>From January 25 to 26, 1997, the national committee of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party convened in Miami, Florida. During their meeting it was proposed to change the name of the party to either "Constitutional" or "Independent American", but the vote was tied 27 to 27 so U.S. Taxpayers' was retained as the party's name.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1999, another name change was proposed, with American Independent, American Heritage, Constitutional, Independent American, and American Constitution as possible names, but it was unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 3, 1999, the national convention of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party was held and during it the name of the party was successfully changed to Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Taxpayers'_Party_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxpayers'_Party-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every state affiliate of the party, except for Nevada and California, changed their names except for in Michigan where the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Secretary_of_State" title="Michigan Secretary of State">Michigan Secretary of State</a> denied the request.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party is still called the U.S. Taxpayers' Party in Michigan as of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Patricia Becker, the U.S. Taxpayer's nominee for Minnesota state auditor, received over 5% of the popular vote giving the U.S Taxpayers' Party major party status in Minnesota. The party would later hold caucuses during the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1992_presidential_election">1992 presidential election</h4></div> <p>Members of the party sought to give its presidential nomination to <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 presidential election</a>, but were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1992, Phillips was selected to serve as a tentative presidential candidate for the party until a more prominent candidate wanted the party's presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albion_W._Knight_Jr." title="Albion W. Knight Jr.">Albion W. Knight Jr.</a> was later selected to serve as the party's tentative vice-presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 15, Phillips announced that he would run for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips accepted the U.S. Taxpayers' Party's presidential nomination at its national convention in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, which was held from September 4 to 5.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election Phillips and Knight placed seventh with 43,400 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_1992_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_1992-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 1992 presidential election, the U.S. Taxpayers' Party's had ballot qualified state affiliates in California, New Mexico, and South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1996_presidential_election">1996 presidential election</h4></div> <p>In 1996, Phillips sent a memo to conservative Christian leaders including <a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">James Dobson</a>, the head of <a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a>, stating that anti-abortion candidates like Pat Buchanan, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dornan" title="Bob Dornan">Bob Dornan</a> were unlikely to become the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> presidential nominee and that they should instead support an anti-abortion third party candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phillips supported giving the presidential nomination of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party to Buchanan.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Staley, Buchanan's campaign chairman in northern Texas, stated that Buchanan would consider accepting the party's nomination if it had ballot access in all fifty states.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phillips was given the party's presidential nomination again at its national convention in San Diego, California, on August 17, 1996, and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Titus" title="Herbert Titus">Herbert Titus</a> was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election Phillips and Titus placed sixth with 184,820 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_1996_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_1996-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3></div> <p>In 2000, a schism occurred within the party, with those who advocated an explicitly religious party leaving to form the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberty_Party" title="Christian Liberty Party">Christian Liberty Party</a>, then known as the American Heritage Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Blevins2006_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blevins2006-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Day2002_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day2002-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 15, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Jore" title="Rick Jore">Rick Jore</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Montana_House_of_Representatives" title="Montana House of Representatives">Montana House of Representatives</a> who had attended the 1999 Constitution Party National Convention, announced that he was leaving the Republican Party and joining the Constitution Party.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jore unsuccessfully sought reelection in 2000, and unsuccessfully attempted to win election to the Montana House of Representatives in 2002, and 2004, before winning election to the state house in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 5, 2002, Greg Moeller became the first member of the Constitution Party to win a partisan election when he won election as a <a href="/wiki/Scott_Township,_Hamilton_County,_Iowa" title="Scott Township, Hamilton County, Iowa">Scott Township</a> Trustee in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Iowa" title="Hamilton County, Iowa">Hamilton County, Iowa</a>, with only a write-in opponent.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_of_Oregon" title="Constitution Party of Oregon">Constitution Party of Oregon</a> disaffiliated with the national Constitution Party over disagreements regarding abortion policy. However, despite disaffiliating the Constitution Party of Oregon gave its presidential nomination to Baldwin during the 2008 presidential election. During the 2012 presidential election the party attempted to give its presidential nomination to Ron Paul, but he rejected it and Will Christensen was given the nomination instead. In 2013, the Constitution Party of Oregon affiliated with the Independent American Party.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2000_presidential_election">2000 presidential election</h4></div> <p>Unlike the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections the U.S. Taxpayers' Party did not seek a prominent politician to give its presidential nomination to.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Hampshire Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a> announced that he was leaving the Republican Party on July 13, 1999, and briefly sought the presidential nomination of the Constitution Party before dropping out.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 4, 1999, the party selected to give its presidential nomination to Phillips and its vice-presidential nomination to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sobran" title="Joseph Sobran">Joseph Sobran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Taxpayers'_Party_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxpayers'_Party-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on March 31, 2000, Sobran resigned from the ticket due to conflicts between him being a columnist and vice-presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 2, Curtis Frazier was selected to replace Sobran as the party's vice-presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election Phillips and Frazier placed sixth with 98,027 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_2000_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_2000-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004_presidential_election">2004 presidential election</h4></div> <p>On November 7, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a> announced that he would seek the Constitution Party's presidential nomination and on the same day the party selected him to serve as the stand-in presidential candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won the presidential nominations of the American Independent and <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Independence_Party" title="Alaskan Independence Party">Alaskan Independence</a> parties.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peroutka was given the party's presidential nomination and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> was given the party's vice-presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008_presidential_election">2008 presidential election</h4></div> <p>Chuck Baldwin and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> sought the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a>. At the party's national convention Baldwin defeated Keyes winning the party's presidential nomination and Darrell Castle was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baldwin also received the presidential nomination of the Reform Party of Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election they placed sixth with 199,880 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_2008_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_2008-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the <a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a>, which had been affiliated with the Constitution since 1991, split into two factions between supports of Baldwin and Keyes.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ballot_Access_News_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballot_Access_News-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_California" title="Secretary of State of California">Secretary of State of California</a> ruled that the presidential ticket of Keyes and <a href="/wiki/Wiley_Drake" title="Wiley Drake">Wiley Drake</a> had the nomination of the American Independent Party.<sup id="cite_ref-Ballot_Access_News_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ballot_Access_News-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election they placed ninth with 47,941 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_2008_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_2008-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 5, the Constitution Party of Montana submitted a list of presidential electors pledged to <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> for president and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a> for vice-president. Paul was aware and that he would not object as long as he did not need to sign any declaration of candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Paul later wrote a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Montana" title="Secretary of State of Montana">Secretary of State of Montana</a> asking for his name to be removed from the ballot as he was nominated without permission, but it was too late to remove his name from the ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul also appeared on the ballot in Louisiana under the name "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" with <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_Jr." title="Barry Goldwater Jr.">Barry Goldwater Jr.</a> as his vice-presidential running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul later endorsed Baldwin for president.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election he placed tenth with 47,512 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_2008_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_2008-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/220px-2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/330px-2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg/440px-2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election_results_map_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>County results of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">2010 Colorado gubernatorial election</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">2010 Colorado gubernatorial election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Party_(Colorado)" title="American Constitution Party (Colorado)">American Constitution Party</a>, the Constitution Party's affiliate in Colorado, gave its gubernatorial nomination to <a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tom Tancredo</a>. In the general election Tancredo received over 36% of the popular vote, more than the 10% required for major party status in Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the campaign the American Constitution Party's voter registration doubled from 1,271 to 2,731 voters.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major party status in Colorado gave the party the ability to appoint seventeen members to Colorado state boards and commissions, but the party suffered from complicated campaign finance reports and fines from errors and omissions in the reports which led to a negative bank account balance.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2012_presidential_election">2012 presidential election</h4></div> <p>On February 21, 2012, <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a>, a former member of the United States House of Representatives who had served as a Democrat, <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a>, and Republican, announced that he would seek the Constitution Party's presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goode won the nomination at the party's national convention which was held from April 18 to 21, 2012, in Nashville, Tennessee, and Jim Clymer was selected to serve as his vice-presidential running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goode was the first Constitution Party presidential nominee to have held elected federal or state office.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general election Goode and Clymer placed sixth with 122,417 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-election_2012_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election_2012-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Reform Party of Kansas gave its presidential nomination to Chuck Baldwin and its vice-presidential nomination to Joseph Martin as his vice-presidential running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the party attempted to give its presidential nomination to Goode, but the attempt to change the nomination was rejected by the Kansas State Objections Board.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3></div> <p>In 2020, the Virginia, Idaho, South Dakota, and Alaska Constitution parties disaffiliated with the national Constitution Party and the Montana Constitution Party disbanded.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 14, the Constitution Party of Virginia's state committee voted to reaffiliate with the national Constitution Party, but was rejected by the national party on May 2.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_presidential_election">2020 presidential election</h4></div> <p>From October 18 to 19, 2019, a meeting of the Constitution Party's national committee was held. <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a> served as a speaker at the meeting and announced his intention to run for the party's presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 2, 2020, Blankenship won the party's nomination at its virtual convention and William Mohr was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Constitution parties of Virginia and New Mexico instead gave their presidential nominations to Sheila Tittle and the Virginia Constitution Party gave its vice-presidential nomination to Matthew Hehl.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Carolina Constitution Party chose to not run a presidential candidate during the 2020 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024_presidential_election">2024 presidential election</h4></div> <p>The party nominated <a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">anti-abortion</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a> for president and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden" title="Stephen Broden">Stephen Broden</a> for vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some state parties such as <a href="/wiki/Independent_American_Party_of_Nevada" title="Independent American Party of Nevada">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah_Constitution_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah Constitution Party">Utah</a> rejected Terry's nomination and instead nominated convention opponent <a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p585_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p585-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact">Impact</h3></div> <p>The party has sometimes been described as a <a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiler</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h361_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h361-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-z298_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z298-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been instances of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> helping Constitution Party candidates for this reason, such as by running ads for their nominee in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina">2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-z251_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z251-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or assisting Randall Terry, their nominee in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>, with ballot access and campaign promotion efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-d824_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d824-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voter_registration_and_notable_members">Voter registration and notable members</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CPWVa_Party_Symbol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/CPWVa_Party_Symbol.jpg/100px-CPWVa_Party_Symbol.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/CPWVa_Party_Symbol.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="141" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>CPWV symbol</figcaption></figure> <p>Multiple Republicans, including Bob Smith, Virgil Goode, Tom Tancredo, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Craswell" title="Ellen Craswell">Ellen Craswell</a>, Rick Jore, and <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Davis" title="Cynthia Davis">Cynthia Davis</a>, have joined the Constitution Party.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 2, 2002, <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola Foster</a>, who had served as the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party of the United States of America</a>'s vice-presidential nominee during the 2000 presidential election, left the Reform Party to join the Constitution Party. From 2002 to 2004, she served on the party's national committee.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilchrist" title="Jim Gilchrist">Jim Gilchrist</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/The_Minuteman_Project_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="The Minuteman Project Inc.">Minuteman Project</a>, ran for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/California%27s_48th_congressional_district" title="California's 48th congressional district">California's 48th congressional district</a> in a 2005 <a href="/wiki/2005_California%27s_48th_congressional_district_special_election" title="2005 California's 48th congressional district special election">special election</a>. He was the nominee of the American Independent Party, when it was affiliated with the Constitution Party, and placed third with 26,507 votes (25.5%).<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the campaign, Gilchrist had raised more money than all of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> candidates combined.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gilchrist's 25.5% was the highest percentage of the vote received for a third party candidate in a United States House of Representatives election where both major parties participated since the <a href="/wiki/A_Connecticut_Party_(1990)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Connecticut Party (1990)">A Connecticut Party</a> received 26.3% in <a href="/wiki/Connecticut%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Connecticut's 1st congressional district">Connecticut's 1st congressional district</a> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Corsi" title="Jerome Corsi">Jerome Corsi</a>, who co-authored books with Gilchrist and Ohio Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Ken_Blackwell" title="Ken Blackwell">Ken Blackwell</a>, considered running for the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the 2008 presidential election, but declined to seek the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Miller_(Alaska_politician)" title="Joe Miller (Alaska politician)">Joe Miller</a>, who ran as the Republican nominee in Alaska's <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2010 United States Senate election in Alaska">2010 Senate election</a>, considered running for the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the 2016 presidential election, but later declined.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Hostettler" title="John Hostettler">John Hostettler</a>, who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1994 to 2006 as a Republican, also considered running for the party's presidential nomination in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 18, 2010, Virgil Goode joined the national committee of the Constitution Party. Goode served as a speaker at the Constitution Party's national committee meetings in 2009 and 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goode later served as the party's presidential nominee during the 2012 presidential election. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>RV.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Membership2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Membership2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>%</th> <th>Change </th></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td>247,995</td> <td>0.3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td>246,951</td> <td>0.3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td>306,900</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998</td> <td>317,510</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>348,977</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td>325,828</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004</td> <td>367,521</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>438,222</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>476,669</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>77,918</td> <td>0.1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>92,483</td> <td>0.1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018</td> <td>105,668</td> <td>0.1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>118,088</td> <td>0.1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>137,367</td> <td>0.1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> nil% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platform">Platform</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electoral_College">Electoral College</h4></div> <p>The Constitution Party's 2016 platform supported retaining the Electoral College and was opposed to establishing a popular vote system to elect the president and vice president of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_policy">Environmental policy</h4></div> <p>The party believes that "it is our responsibility to be prudent, productive, and efficient stewards of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God's</a> natural resources".<sup id="cite_ref-Environment_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environment-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party rejects the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>, saying that "<a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">globalists</a> are using the global warming threat to gain more control via worldwide sustainable development". According to the party, <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a> is unlawful because "under no circumstances may the federal government take private property, by means of rules and regulations which preclude or substantially reduce the productive use of the property, even with just compensation".<sup id="cite_ref-Environment_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Environment-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In regards to energy, the party calls attention to "the continuing need of the United States for a sufficient supply of energy for national security and for the immediate adoption of a policy of free market solutions to achieve energy independence for the United States," and calls for the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federalism">Federalism</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Federalism" title="New Federalism">New Federalism</a></div> <p>The party supports the repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth Amendment</a>, which allows Congress to tax income derived from interest, dividends, and capital gains, and the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendment</a>, which requires the direct (popular) election of Senators.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party holds that each state's membership in the Union is voluntary,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a stance known as the <a href="/wiki/Compact_theory" title="Compact theory">compact theory</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fiscal_policy">Fiscal policy</h4></div> <p>The Constitution Party's 2012 platform called for phasing out <a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">social security</a>, and the 2016 platform states that "Social Security is a form of individual welfare not authorized in the Constitution".<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2012 platform supports reducing the role of the United States federal government through cutting <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucratic</a> regulation, reducing spending, and replacing the <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a>-based revenue system supplemented by <a href="/wiki/Excise_taxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Excise taxes">excise taxes</a>. The party also takes the position that the "imposition [...] of Federal income, payroll, and estate taxes [...] is an unconstitutional Federal assumption of direct taxing authority".<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also supports the prohibition of <a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">Fractional-reserve banking</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the return to the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a> saying quote "The Constitution forbade the States from accepting or using anything other than a Gold and Silver based currency"<sup id="cite_ref-:2_114-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as stated in the 2016-2020 platform. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h4></div> <p>The party opposes <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, including in cases of rape and incest.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party supports the right of states to administer the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">death penalty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party opposes any government legislation to authorize or define marriage contrary to the Bible, and states that "The law of our Creator defines marriage as the union between one man and one woman".<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It supports the right for local and state governments to "proscribe offensive sexual behavior" and rejects "the notion that homosexuals, transgenders [sic] or those who are sexually deviant are deserving of legal favor or special protection".<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party strongly opposes "adoption by homosexual singles or couples". </p><p>The party also opposes <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>, believing that it is "a destructive element of society resulting in significant and real emotional, physical, spiritual and financial costs to individuals, families and communities," and distinguishable from the US citizen's "cherished <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> right to free speech." While expressing its belief in the individual responsibility of citizens and corporations, the party maintains that government plays a "vital role" in establishing and maintaining the highest level of decency in America's community standards.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party opposes all government sponsorship, involvement in, or promotion of <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article 1 Section 8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Amendment 10</a>, the party opposes federal <a href="/wiki/Drug_prohibition" title="Drug prohibition">anti-drug laws</a>, while conceding that the federal government may have a role in limiting the import of drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitution Party believes that charitable giving is most effective when conducted by private parties. Because the authority to administer charity has not been granted to the government in the Constitution, the party maintains that the government has no business being involved in such endeavors.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party opposes federal restrictions on, or subsidization of, medical treatments.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/English-only_movement" title="English-only movement">English-only movement</a></div> <p>The party supports English as the official language for all governmental business, opposes bilingual ballots, and insists that those who wish to take part in the electoral process and governance of the U.S. be required to read and comprehend basic English as a precondition for citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-Party_Platform_Immigration_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Party_Platform_Immigration-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> described the party as a "Patriot Group," a category of parties that "advocate or adhere to extreme anti-government doctrines".<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion">Religion</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/R._J._Rushdoony" title="R. J. Rushdoony">R. J. Rushdoony</a>, a main figure in <a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a>, helped write the party's 1992 platform. The 1992 platform stated that "the U.S. Constitution established a republic under God, not a democracy". Christian reconstructionism has been influential in the Constitution Party and calls for the remaking of government and society according to Old Testament Biblical law.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The preamble of the 2004 platform states that the Lordship of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ Jesus</a> and the Bible are the final authority of law. It also stated that the purpose of the party was to restore American jurisprudence to its biblical and constitutional roots.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign">Foreign</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Trade">Trade</h4></div> <p>The Constitution Party's 2012 platform supports a <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a> foreign policy. It advocates reduction and eventual elimination of the role the United States plays in multinational and international organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and favors withdrawal of the United States from most treaties, such as <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA), the <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a> (GATT) and the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>. The party supports <a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">protectionist</a> policies in international trade. </p><p>The party also believes in exercising a <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a> system to counteract the United States' increasingly negative <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">balance of trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Immigration_policy">Immigration policy</h4></div> <p>In 2012, the party opposed immigration to the United States without government permission, and sought <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">stricter controls on legal immigration</a>. It demanded that the federal government implement an immigration policy disqualifying potential immigrants on grounds of ill health, criminality, low morals, or financial dependence, claiming that they would impose an improper burden on the United States. The party favored a moratorium on future immigration, with exceptions only for extreme cases of necessity, until federal welfare programs have been phased out and a better vetting program is in place.<sup id="cite_ref-Party_Platform_Immigration_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Party_Platform_Immigration-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party opposes <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare</a> <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> and other benefits to undocumented immigrants. It rejects the practice of bestowing U.S. citizenship on children born to illegal immigrant parents while in this country (<i><a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">jus soli</a></i>), and flatly rejects any extension of <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> to undocumented immigrants. The Constitution Party additionally calls for the use of the United States military to enforce its strict immigration policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_results">Electoral results</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th width="300">Presidential nominee </th> <th>Home state </th> <th width="300">Previous positions </th> <th width="300">Vice presidential nominee </th> <th>Home state </th> <th width="300">Previous positions </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/100px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/150px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/200px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="464" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Chairman of <a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">The Conservative Caucus</a><br />Candidate for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">Massachusetts's 6th congressional district</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1970 United States House of Representatives elections">1970</a>)<br />Candidate for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from Massachusetts<br />(<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts,_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1978">1978</a>)</span> </td> <td><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Albion_W._Knight_Jr." title="Albion W. Knight Jr.">Albion W. Knight</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/35px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/45px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Presiding Bishop of the <a href="/wiki/United_Episcopal_Church_of_North_America" title="United Episcopal Church of North America">United Episcopal Church of North America</a><br />(1989–1992)</span> </td> <td>43,369 (nil%)<br />0 EV (#7) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/100px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/150px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/200px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="464" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">(see above for previous positions)<br />Nominee for President of the United States<br />(1992)</span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Titus" title="Herbert Titus">Herbert Titus</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Lawyer, writer</span> </td> <td>184,656 (0.2%)<br />0 EV (#6) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/100px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/150px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG/200px-Howard_Phillips_-v2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="464" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">(see above for previous positions)<br />Nominee for President of the United States<br />(1992; 1996)</span> </td> <td><b>Curtis Frazier</b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/23px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/35px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/46px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Nominee for United States Senator from Missouri<br />(<a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Senate_election_in_Missouri" title="1998 United States Senate election in Missouri">1998</a>)</span> </td> <td>98,020 (0.1%)<br />0 EV (#6) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Lawyer<br />Founder of the Institute on the Constitution</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBaldwin08_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="253" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/35px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/45px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Pastor, radio host</span> </td> <td>143,630 (0.1%)<br />0 EV (#5) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CBaldwin08_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/CBaldwin08_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="253" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin_presidential_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuck Baldwin presidential campaign, 2008">campaign</a>) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/35px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/45px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Nominee for Vice President of the United States<br />(2004)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DCastle08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DCastle08.jpg/100px-DCastle08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DCastle08.jpg/150px-DCastle08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/DCastle08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="251" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Darrell Castle">Darrell Castle</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Lawyer</span> </td> <td>199,750 (0.2%)<br />0 EV (#5) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgil_Goode,_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Virgil_Goode%2C_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg/100px-Virgil_Goode%2C_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Virgil_Goode%2C_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg/150px-Virgil_Goode%2C_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Virgil_Goode%2C_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg/200px-Virgil_Goode%2C_official_109th_Congress_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="548" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgil Goode presidential campaign, 2012">campaign</a>) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">Virginia Senate</a><br />(1973–1997)<br />Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 5th congressional district">Virginia's 5th district</a><br />(1997–2009)</span> </td> <td><b>Jim Clymer</b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Nominee for <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Pennsylvania" title="Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania">Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania</a><br />(1994; <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania lieutenant gubernatorial election, 1998">1998</a>)<br />Chair of the Constitution Party<br />(1999–2012)<br />Nominee for <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Pennsylvania">Attorney General of Pennsylvania</a><br />(2000)<br />Nominee for United States Senator from Pennsylvania<br />(<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2004">2004</a>)</span> </td> <td>122,388 (0.1%)<br />0 EV (#5) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DCastle08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DCastle08.jpg/100px-DCastle08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/DCastle08.jpg/150px-DCastle08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/DCastle08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="251" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Darrell Castle">Darrell Castle</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Darrell Castle presidential campaign, 2016">campaign</a>) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a><sup id="cite_ref-USN_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USN-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Nominee for Vice President of the United States<br />(2008)</span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Nominee for United States Senator from Utah<br />(<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah,_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Utah, 2006">2006</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Utah, 2010">2010</a>)</span> </td> <td>203,069 (0.2%)<br />0 EV (#6) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USN_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USN-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Blankenship_Image_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Don_Blankenship_Image_%28cropped%29.jpeg/100px-Don_Blankenship_Image_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Don_Blankenship_Image_%28cropped%29.jpeg/150px-Don_Blankenship_Image_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Don_Blankenship_Image_%28cropped%29.jpeg/200px-Don_Blankenship_Image_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="542" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/46px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Massey_Energy" title="Massey Energy">Massey Energy</a> <br /> Republican candidate for U.S. Senate from West Virginia (2018)</span> </td> <td><br /><b>William Mohr</b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Chairman of the U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan</span> </td> <td>60,023 (nil%)<br />0 EV (#8) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Randall_Terry_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="3451" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Terry 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Anti-abortion activist<br />Candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephenbroden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Stephenbroden.jpg/100px-Stephenbroden.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Stephenbroden.jpg/150px-Stephenbroden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Stephenbroden.jpg/200px-Stephenbroden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="291" /></a></span><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden" title="Stephen Broden">Stephen Broden</a></b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">Pastor<br />Republican candidate for U.S. House in Texas (<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden#2010_election" title="Stephen Broden">2010</a>)</span> </td> <td>41,107 (nil%)<br />0 EV (#8) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th>No. of overall votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th>No. of representatives </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">2000</a> </th> <td>122,936 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2002 United States House of Representatives elections">2002</a> </th> <td>99,306 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2004 United States House of Representatives elections">2004</a> </th> <td>132,613 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2006 United States House of Representatives elections">2006</a> </th> <td>68,031 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections">2008</a> </th> <td>136,021 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2010 United States House of Representatives elections">2010</a> </th> <td>123,841 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2012 United States House of Representatives elections">2012</a> </th> <td>118,102 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections">2016</a> </th> <td>127,376 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections">2018</a> </th> <td>74,956 </td> <td>nil </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2020 United States House of Representatives elections">2020</a> </th> <td>82,567 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 United States House of Representatives elections">2022</a> </th> <td>44,314 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 435</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><small>General election results source:</small><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year</th> <th>No. of total votes</th> <th>% of vote</th> <th>No. of seats won </th></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1998 United States Senate elections">1998</a></b> </th> <td>183,588 </td> <td>0.3 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">2000</a></b> </th> <td>286,816 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2002 United States Senate elections">2002</a></b> </th> <td>60,456 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2004 United States Senate elections">2004</a></b> </th> <td>404,853 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2006 United States Senate elections">2006</a></b> </th> <td>133,037 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2008 United States Senate elections">2008</a></b> </th> <td>240,729 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2010 United States Senate elections">2010</a></b> </th> <td>338,593 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2012 United States Senate elections">2012</a></b> </th> <td>140,636 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2014 United States Senate elections">2014</a></b> </th> <td>100,395 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2016 United States Senate elections">2016</a></b> </th> <td>93,315 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2018 United States Senate elections">2018</a></b> </th> <td>57,932 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2020 United States Senate elections">2020</a></b> </th> <td>110,851 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><b><a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2022 United States Senate elections">2022</a></b> </th> <td>40,419 </td> <td>0.05 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><small>General election results source:</small><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Best_results_in_major_races">Best results in major races</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Office </th> <th>Percent (%) </th> <th>District </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Candidate </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>President</b> </td> <td>1.3 </td> <td>Utah </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Utah" title="2008 United States presidential election in Utah">2008</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.2 </td> <td>Alaska </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Alaska" title="2016 United States presidential election in Alaska">2016</a> </td> <td>Darrell Castle </td></tr> <tr> <td>0.8 </td> <td>Washington </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Washington_(state)" title="2016 United States presidential election in Washington (state)">2016</a> </td> <td>Darrell Castle </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>US Senate</b> </td> <td>5.7 </td> <td>Utah </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_election_in_Utah" title="2010 United States Senate election in Utah">2010</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.2 </td> <td>Oregon </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon" title="2008 United States Senate election in Oregon">2008</a> </td> <td>David Brownlow </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0 </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania" title="2004 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania">2004</a> </td> <td>Jim Clymer </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>US House</b> </td> <td>21.1 </td> <td>Florida District 16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections#Florida" title="2002 United States House of Representatives elections">2002</a> </td> <td>Jack McLain </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.9 </td> <td>Alabama District 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Alabama#District_1" title="2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama">2010</a> </td> <td>David M. Walter </td></tr> <tr> <td>16.5 </td> <td>Virginia District 11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Virginia#District_11" title="2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia">2002</a> </td> <td>Frank W. Creel </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>Governor</b> </td> <td>36.4 </td> <td>Colorado </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Colorado_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Colorado gubernatorial election">2010</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tom Tancredo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.5 </td> <td>Nevada </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Nevada_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Nevada gubernatorial election">1974</a> </td> <td>James Houston </td></tr> <tr> <td>12.8 </td> <td>Pennsylvania </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Pennsylvania_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election">1994</a> </td> <td>Peg Luksik </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Constitution Party National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Constitution_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral history of the Constitution Party">Electoral history of the Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoconservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoconservatism">Theoconservatism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Membership2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Membership2021_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Membership2021_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWinger2021" class="citation web cs1">Winger, Richard (March 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2021/03/28/march-2021-ballot-access-news-print-edition/">"March 2021 Ballot Access News Print Edition"</a>. <i>Ballot Access News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210329004618/http://ballot-access.org/2021/03/28/march-2021-ballot-access-news-print-edition/">Archived</a> from the original on March 29, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=March+2021+Ballot+Access+News+Print+Edition&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft.aulast=Winger&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2021%2F03%2F28%2Fmarch-2021-ballot-access-news-print-edition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-social_con-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-social_con_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-social_con_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-social_con_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116140223/https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/">"Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties"</a>. <i>Boundless</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/interest-groups-7/minor-political-parties-58/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403/">the original</a> on January 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boundless&rft.atitle=Ideological+Third+Parties+and+Splinter+Parties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boundless.com%2Fpolitical-science%2Ftextbooks%2Fboundless-political-science-textbook%2Finterest-groups-7%2Fminor-political-parties-58%2Fideological-third-parties-and-splinter-parties-335-8403%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deal_W._Hudson" title="Deal W. Hudson">Hudson, Deal</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-kxKOrqtQBQC&pg=PA82"><i>Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416565895" title="Special:BookSources/9781416565895"><bdi>9781416565895</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222110053/https://books.google.com/books?id=-kxKOrqtQBQC&pg=PA82">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Spectator&rft.atitle=Constitutionally+Contentious&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspectator.org%2Farticles%2F43751%2Fconstitutionally-contentious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-TPM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Contention_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contention-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-election_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudin" class="citation news cs1">Rudin, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054433/http://www.npr.org/elections2010/scorecard/race.php?ID=56">"Election 2010 Scorecard"</a>. <i>National Public Radio</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/elections2010/scorecard/race.php?ID=56">the original</a> on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=Election+2010+Scorecard&rft.aulast=Rudin&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Felections2010%2Fscorecard%2Frace.php%3FID%3D56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quiver-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quiver_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoyce2010" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Kathryn (2010). <i>Quiverfull: Inside the Christian Patriarchy Movement</i>. Beacon Press. pp. 7, 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0807010730" title="Special:BookSources/978-0807010730"><bdi>978-0807010730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quiverfull%3A+Inside+the+Christian+Patriarchy+Movement&rft.pages=7%2C+28&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0807010730&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2012" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Nancy L. (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deliriumpolitics0000cohe"><i>Delirium: The Politics of Sex in America</i></a></span>. Counterpoint. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deliriumpolitics0000cohe/page/321">321</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1582438016" title="Special:BookSources/978-1582438016"><bdi>978-1582438016</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delirium%3A+The+Politics+of+Sex+in+America&rft.pages=321&rft.pub=Counterpoint&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1582438016&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Nancy+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeliriumpolitics0000cohe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lovell_2009_https://archive.org/details/crimeso_lov_2009_00_5251/page/50_50-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lovell_2009_https://archive.org/details/crimeso_lov_2009_00_5251/page/50_50_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovell2009" class="citation book cs1">Lovell, Jarret S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crimeso_lov_2009_00_5251/page/50"><i>Crimes of Dissent: Civil Disobedience, Criminal Justice, and the Politics of Conscience</i></a>. New York University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crimeso_lov_2009_00_5251/page/50">50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814752272" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814752272"><bdi>978-0814752272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crimes+of+Dissent%3A+Civil+Disobedience%2C+Criminal+Justice%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Conscience&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0814752272&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=Jarret+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrimeso_lov_2009_00_5251%2Fpage%2F50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Ben (May 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0510/Goode_joins_Constitution_Party.html">"Goode joins Constitution Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106005430/http://www.politico.com/blogs/bensmith/0510/Goode_joins_Constitution_Party.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goode+joins+Constitution+Party&rft.pub=Politico&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fbensmith%2F0510%2FGoode_joins_Constitution_Party.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-election_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-election-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quiver_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quiver-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lovell_2009_https://archive.org/details/crimeso_lov_2009_00_5251/page/50_50_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovell_2009_https://archive.org/details/crimeso_lov_2009_00_5251/page/50_50-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-current-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-current_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constitutionparty.com/elections/current-office-holders/">"Current Office Holders"</a>. <i>Constitution Party</i>. October 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved November 21, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58703499/the-atlanta-constitution/">"Riled GOP right wing putting Bush on notice"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a></i>. November 11, 1990. p. 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905181846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58703499/the-atlanta-constitution/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Riled+GOP+right+wing+putting+Bush+on+notice&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1990-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58703499%2Fthe-atlanta-constitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58710520/the-park-record/">"Integrity of Principles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Park_Record" title="Park Record">Park Record</a></i>. September 5, 1991. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905200637/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58710520/the-park-record/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Park+Record&rft.atitle=Integrity+of+Principles&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1991-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58710520%2Fthe-park-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/02-09-91.pdf">"Phillips Calls For New Party"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. February 9, 1991. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714053507/http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/02-09-91.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Phillips+Calls+For+New+Party&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1991-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1991%2F02-09-91.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58710634/tampa-bay-times/">"Religious right agenda is basis of new party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a></i>. July 20, 1991. p. 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905200851/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58710634/tampa-bay-times/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Religious+right+agenda+is+basis+of+new+party&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1991-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58710634%2Ftampa-bay-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/04-03-91.pdf">"COFOE Grows"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. April 3, 1991. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718020708/http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/04-03-91.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=COFOE+Grows&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1991-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1991%2F04-03-91.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/07-22-91.pdf">"First petition campaign"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. July 22, 1991. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718020656/http://www.ballot-access.org/1991/07-22-91.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=First+petition+campaign&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1991-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1991%2F07-22-91.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1997/0210.html">"U.S. Taxpayers Party To Keep Name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. February 10, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906225552/http://www.ballot-access.org/1997/0210.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+Taxpayers+Party+To+Keep+Name&rft.date=1997-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1997%2F0210.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/0206.html">"U.S. Taxpayers' Party Name Change?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. February 6, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906230107/http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/0206.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+Taxpayers%27+Party+Name+Change%3F&rft.date=1999-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1999%2F0206.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/0403.html">"U.S. Taxpayers To Keep Name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. April 3, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906230032/http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/0403.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+Taxpayers+To+Keep+Name&rft.date=1999-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1999%2F0403.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taxpayers'_Party-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taxpayers'_Party_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taxpayers'_Party_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/1001.html">"Taxpayers' Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. October 1, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906230355/http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/1001.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Taxpayers%27+Party&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1999%2F1001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2019/03/27/constitution-party-of-michigan-asks-secretary-of-state-to-let-it-update-its-name/">"Constitution Party of Michigan Asks Secretary of State to Let it Update its Name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 27, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200907163422/http://ballot-access.org/2019/03/27/constitution-party-of-michigan-asks-secretary-of-state-to-let-it-update-its-name/">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+of+Michigan+Asks+Secretary+of+State+to+Let+it+Update+its+Name&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2019%2F03%2F27%2Fconstitution-party-of-michigan-asks-secretary-of-state-to-let-it-update-its-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChannel_32020" class="citation web cs1">Channel 3, Hannah Knowles I. News (September 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwmt.com/news/election/michigan-man-running-for-vice-president-with-the-us-taxpayers-party">"Michigan man running for vice president with the U.S. Taxpayers Party"</a>. <i>WWMT</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WWMT&rft.atitle=Michigan+man+running+for+vice+president+with+the+U.S.+Taxpayers+Party&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Channel+3&rft.aufirst=Hannah+Knowles+I.+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwmt.com%2Fnews%2Felection%2Fmichigan-man-running-for-vice-president-with-the-us-taxpayers-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59154737/star-tribune/">"Major status in hand, Constitution Party holds its first caucuses"</a>. <i>Star Tribune</i>. March 8, 2000. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200912190946/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59154737/star-tribune/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=Major+status+in+hand%2C+Constitution+Party+holds+its+first+caucuses&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2000-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F59154737%2Fstar-tribune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58704670/south-florida-sun-sentinel/">"Rumors boost Rose Perot for the presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sun-Sentinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-Sentinel">South Florida Sun-Sentinel</a></i>. November 24, 1991. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905183540/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58704670/south-florida-sun-sentinel/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Florida+Sun-Sentinel&rft.atitle=Rumors+boost+Rose+Perot+for+the+presidency&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1991-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58704670%2Fsouth-florida-sun-sentinel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58710146/intelligencer-journal/">"Clymer forms the U.S. Taxpayer Party in Pa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligencer_Journal" title="Intelligencer Journal">Intelligencer Journal</a></i>. November 25, 1991. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905200243/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58710146/intelligencer-journal/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligencer+Journal&rft.atitle=Clymer+forms+the+U.S.+Taxpayer+Party+in+Pa.&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1991-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58710146%2Fintelligencer-journal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/2-2-92.pdf">"Taxpayers Party To Run Phillips"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. February 2, 1992. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507135349/http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/2-2-92.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Taxpayers+Party+To+Run+Phillips&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1992-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1992%2F2-2-92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/3-1-92.pdf">"Taxpayers Party Chooses VP"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 1, 1992. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718020627/http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/3-1-92.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Taxpayers+Party+Chooses+VP&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1992%2F3-1-92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/3-30-92.pdf">"Phillips Wins Massachusetts Race"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 30, 1992. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714053440/http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/3-30-92.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Phillips+Wins+Massachusetts+Race&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1992-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1992%2F3-30-92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58712180/the-alliance-times-herald/">"1992 national convention"</a>. <i>The Alliance Times-Herald</i>. September 14, 1992. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905203126/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58712180/the-alliance-times-herald/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Alliance+Times-Herald&rft.atitle=1992+national+convention&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1992-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58712180%2Fthe-alliance-times-herald%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/9-9-92.pdf">"National Conventions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. September 9, 1992. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716030618/http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/9-9-92.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=National+Conventions&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1992-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1992%2F9-9-92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election_1992-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-election_1992_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1992&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1992 Presidential General Election Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dave_Leip%27s_Atlas_of_U.S._Presidential_Elections" title="Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections">Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905205202/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1992&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1992+Presidential+General+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1992%26minper%3D0%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/11-6-92.pdf">"Changes In Ballot Status"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. November 6, 1992. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716030611/http://www.ballot-access.org/1992/11-6-92.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Changes+In+Ballot+Status&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1992-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1992%2F11-6-92.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58727586/the-spokesman-review/">"Memo to Christians: Be ready to abandon GOP"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. July 6, 1995. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906003525/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58727586/the-spokesman-review/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Memo+to+Christians%3A+Be+ready+to+abandon+GOP&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1995-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58727586%2Fthe-spokesman-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58728345/chicago-tribune/">"Can Buchanan take center stage?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. September 1, 1995. p. 139. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906004419/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58728345/chicago-tribune/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Can+Buchanan+take+center+stage%3F&rft.pages=139&rft.date=1995-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58728345%2Fchicago-tribune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58728448/the-billings-gazette/">"Independent party wants Buchanan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billings_Gazette" title="Billings Gazette">Billings Gazette</a></i>. March 21, 1996. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906004423/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58728448/the-billings-gazette/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billings+Gazette&rft.atitle=Independent+party+wants+Buchanan&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1996-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F58728448%2Fthe-billings-gazette%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1996/0909.html">"U.S. Taxpayers Party Convention"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. September 9, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716030454/http://www.ballot-access.org/1996/0909.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=U.S.+Taxpayers+Party+Convention&rft.date=1996-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1996%2F0909.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election_1996-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-election_1996_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1996&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1996 Presidential General Election Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dave_Leip%27s_Atlas_of_U.S._Presidential_Elections" title="Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections">Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908144522/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1996&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=1996+Presidential+General+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D1996%26minper%3D0%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blevins2006-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blevins2006_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlevins2006" class="citation book cs1">Blevins, Dave (2006). <i>American Political Parties in the 21st Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. 15–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2480-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2480-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-2480-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Political+Parties+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=15-17&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2480-1&rft.aulast=Blevins&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Day2002-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Day2002_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2002" class="citation book cs1">Day, Alan John (2002). <i>Political Parties of the World</i>. John Harper. p. 508. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9536278-7-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9536278-7-5"><bdi>978-0-9536278-7-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+of+the+World&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=John+Harper&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-9536278-7-5&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Alan+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2000/0301.html">"Constitution Party Has A State Legislator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 1, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908001741/http://www.ballot-access.org/2000/0301.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+Has+A+State+Legislator&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2000%2F0301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2002/0701.html">"Constitution Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 1, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908002211/http://www.ballot-access.org/2002/0701.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party&rft.date=2000-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2002%2F0701.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2005/0101.html">"Montana Supreme Court Unseats Jore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. January 1, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908003007/http://www.ballot-access.org/2005/0101.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Montana+Supreme+Court+Unseats+Jore&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2005%2F0101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2003/0101.html">"Constitution Party Wins Its First Partisan Election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. January 1, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908002527/http://www.ballot-access.org/2003/0101.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 7, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910002920/http://ballot-access.org/2013/09/07/constitution-party-of-oregon-affiliates-itself-with-the-national-alliance-of-independent-american-parties/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+of+Oregon+Affiliates+Itself+with+the+National+Alliance+of+Independent+American+Parties&rft.date=2013-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2013%2F09%2F07%2Fconstitution-party-of-oregon-affiliates-itself-with-the-national-alliance-of-independent-american-parties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1998/0405.html">"US Taxpayers Sets 2000 Convention"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. April 5, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908000641/http://www.ballot-access.org/1998/0405.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=US+Taxpayers+Sets+2000+Convention&rft.date=1998-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1998%2F0405.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/0803.html">"Senator Smith Quits Republicans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. August 3, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908145347/http://www.ballot-access.org/1999/0803.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Senator+Smith+Quits+Republicans&rft.date=1999-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F1999%2F0803.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2003/constitution-party-hopes-take-politics-extreme-2004">"The Constitution Party, the most extreme far right party in the U.S., is gearing up for a political power grab in 2004"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></i>. November 12, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908145505/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2003/constitution-party-hopes-take-politics-extreme-2004">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=The+Constitution+Party%2C+the+most+extreme+far+right+party+in+the+U.S.%2C+is+gearing+up+for+a+political+power+grab+in+2004.&rft.date=2003-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fintelligence-report%2F2003%2Fconstitution-party-hopes-take-politics-extreme-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2000/0501.html">"Constitution Party Loses Sobran"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. May 1, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908001231/http://www.ballot-access.org/2000/0501.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+Loses+Sobran&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2000%2F0501.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2000/1001.html">"Constitution Party Chooses V-P"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. October 1, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908001438/http://www.ballot-access.org/2000/1001.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+Chooses+V-P&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2000%2F1001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election_2000-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-election_2000_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=2000&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"2000 Presidential General Election Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dave_Leip%27s_Atlas_of_U.S._Presidential_Elections" title="Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections">Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200908144620/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=2000&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=2000+Presidential+General+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D2000%26minper%3D0%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2003/1201.html">"Constitution Party Likely To Choose Michael Peroutka"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. December 1, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200911221019/http://www.ballot-access.org/2003/1201.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+Likely+To+Choose+Michael+Peroutka&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2003%2F1201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2004/0401.html">"American Independent and Alaska Independence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. April 1, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200911221019/http://www.ballot-access.org/2003/1201.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=American+Independent+and+Alaska+Independence&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2004%2F0401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2004/0801.html">"Constitution Party Nominates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. August 1, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200911221337/http://www.ballot-access.org/2004/0801.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+Nominates&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballot-access.org%2F2004%2F0801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2008/04/26/chuck-baldwin-is-constitution-party-nominee-for-president/">"Chuck Baldwin is Constitution Party Nominee for President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. April 26, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906183714/http://ballot-access.org/2008/04/26/chuck-baldwin-is-constitution-party-nominee-for-president/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Chuck+Baldwin+is+Constitution+Party+Nominee+for+President&rft.date=2008-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2008%2F04%2F26%2Fchuck-baldwin-is-constitution-party-nominee-for-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2008/04/26/darrell-castle-is-constitution-party-vice-presidential-nominee/">"Darrell Castle is Constitution Party Vice-Presidential Nominee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. April 26, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906183734/http://ballot-access.org/2008/04/26/darrell-castle-is-constitution-party-vice-presidential-nominee/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Darrell+Castle+is+Constitution+Party+Vice-Presidential+Nominee&rft.date=2008-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2008%2F04%2F26%2Fdarrell-castle-is-constitution-party-vice-presidential-nominee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2008/07/08/kansas-secretary-of-state-accepts-reform-party-paperwork-for-president/">"Kansas Secretary of State Accepts Reform Party Paperwork for President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. July 8, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910031901/http://ballot-access.org/2008/07/08/kansas-secretary-of-state-accepts-reform-party-paperwork-for-president/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Kansas+Secretary+of+State+Accepts+Reform+Party+Paperwork+for+President&rft.date=2008-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2008%2F07%2F08%2Fkansas-secretary-of-state-accepts-reform-party-paperwork-for-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-election_2008-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-election_2008_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-election_2008_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-election_2008_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=2008&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"2008 Presidential General Election Results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dave_Leip%27s_Atlas_of_U.S._Presidential_Elections" title="Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections">Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906184050/https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=2008&minper=0&f=0&off=0&elect=0">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.atitle=2008+Presidential+General+Election+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fnational.php%3Fyear%3D2008%26minper%3D0%26f%3D0%26off%3D0%26elect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/American_Independent_Party">"American Independent Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906182634/https://ballotpedia.org/American_Independent_Party">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballotpedia&rft.atitle=American+Independent+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.org%2FAmerican_Independent_Party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ballot_Access_News-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ballot_Access_News_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ballot_Access_News_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2008/07/07/alan-keyes-faction-of-the-american-independent-party-of-california/">"Alan Keyes Faction of the American Independent Party of California"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. July 7, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906182647/http://ballot-access.org/2008/07/07/alan-keyes-faction-of-the-american-independent-party-of-california/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Alan+Keyes+Faction+of+the+American+Independent+Party+of+California&rft.date=2008-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2008%2F07%2F07%2Falan-keyes-faction-of-the-american-independent-party-of-california%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2011/03/10/alan-keyes-faction-of-american-independent-party-tentatively-wins-intra-party-on-procedural-issues/">"Alan Keyes Faction of American Independent Party Tentatively Wins Intra-Party Dispute on Procedural Issues"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 10, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906182847/http://ballot-access.org/2011/03/10/alan-keyes-faction-of-american-independent-party-tentatively-wins-intra-party-on-procedural-issues/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Alan+Keyes+Faction+of+American+Independent+Party+Tentatively+Wins+Intra-Party+Dispute+on+Procedural+Issues&rft.date=2011-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2011%2F03%2F10%2Falan-keyes-faction-of-american-independent-party-tentatively-wins-intra-party-on-procedural-issues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2008/09/05/montana-constitution-party-submits-presidential-electors-pledged-to-ron-paul-and-michael-peroutka/">"Montana Constitution Party Submits Presidential Electors Pledged to Ron Paul and Michael Peroutka"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. September 5, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906184236/http://ballot-access.org/2008/09/05/montana-constitution-party-submits-presidential-electors-pledged-to-ron-paul-and-michael-peroutka/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Montana+Constitution+Party+Submits+Presidential+Electors+Pledged+to+Ron+Paul+and+Michael+Peroutka&rft.date=2008-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2008%2F09%2F05%2Fmontana-constitution-party-submits-presidential-electors-pledged-to-ron-paul-and-michael-peroutka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flatheadbeacon.com/2008/09/11/ron-paul-wants-off-montana-ballot/">"Ron Paul Wants Off Montana Ballot"</a>. <i>Flathead Beacon</i>. September 11, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906184540/https://flatheadbeacon.com/2008/09/11/ron-paul-wants-off-montana-ballot/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flathead+Beacon&rft.atitle=Ron+Paul+Wants+Off+Montana+Ballot&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflatheadbeacon.com%2F2008%2F09%2F11%2Fron-paul-wants-off-montana-ballot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2008/09/04/louisiana-asked-to-print-ron-paul-on-ballot-as-presidential-candidate/">"Louisiana Asked to Print Ron Paul on Ballot as Presidential Candidate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. September 4, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906184759/http://ballot-access.org/2008/09/04/louisiana-asked-to-print-ron-paul-on-ballot-as-presidential-candidate/">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Louisiana+Asked+to+Print+Ron+Paul+on+Ballot+as+Presidential+Candidate&rft.date=2008-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2008%2F09%2F04%2Flouisiana-asked-to-print-ron-paul-on-ballot-as-presidential-candidate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Republican_Congressman_Ron_Paul_endorses_Constitution_Party_nominee_Chuck_Baldwin_for_President_of_the_United_States">"Republican Congressman Ron Paul endorses Constitution Party nominee Chuck Baldwin for President of the United States"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wikinews" title="Wikinews">Wikinews</a></i>. September 23, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200906185011/https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Republican_Congressman_Ron_Paul_endorses_Constitution_Party_nominee_Chuck_Baldwin_for_President_of_the_United_States">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 6, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905225047/https://www.westword.com/news/american-constitution-party-faces-major-headaches-as-a-major-colorado-party-5865526">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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November 16, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905225406/http://ballot-access.org/2010/11/16/colorado-constitution-party-registration-more-than-doubles-in-last-five-months/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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November 19, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905225642/http://ballot-access.org/2010/11/19/constitution-party-now-entitled-to-appoint-members-to-17-colorado-state-boards/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 27, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200905225640/http://ballot-access.org/2013/08/27/colorado-constitution-party-suffers-from-being-a-qualified-major-party/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 17, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910032933/http://ballot-access.org/2012/02/17/virgil-goode-to-declare-presidency-candidacy-in-front-of-federal-hall-in-new-york-city-on-february-21/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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July 26, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910001847/http://ballot-access.org/2012/07/26/reform-party-of-kansas-nominates-chuck-baldwin-for-president/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 12, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910032155/http://ballot-access.org/2012/09/12/kansas-reform-party-chooses-virgil-goode-for-president-in-place-of-chuck-baldwin/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 13, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910032156/http://ballot-access.org/2012/09/13/kansas-state-officials-reject-attempt-to-place-andre-barnett-on-the-ballot-as-the-reform-party-nominee/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 25, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200909163647/http://ballot-access.org/2005/09/25/constitution-candidate-raises-more-money-than-democrat/">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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July 14, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200909165206/http://ballot-access.org/2007/07/14/jerome-corsi-wont-seek-constitution-party-presidential-nomination/">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 7, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200909165516/http://ballot-access.org/2016/04/07/joe-miller-republican-u-s-senate-nominee-in-alaska-in-2010-reportedly-will-seek-constitution-party-presidential-nomination/">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=October+2012+Registration+Totals&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2013%2F01%2F04%2Fdecember-2012-ballot-access-news-print-edition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2020/03/27/march-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition/">"Early 2020 Voter Registration Totals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i>. March 1, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200910174147/http://ballot-access.org/2020/03/27/march-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition/">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballot+Access+News&rft.atitle=Early+2020+Voter+Registration+Totals&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2020%2F03%2F27%2Fmarch-2020-ballot-access-news-print-edition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_114-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_114-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_114-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_114-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constitutionparty.com/assets/2016-2010_National_Platform.pdf">"Constitution Party Platform, 2016-2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160915175728/https://www.constitutionparty.com/assets/2016-2010_National_Platform.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+Party+Platform%2C+2016-2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fassets%2F2016-2010_National_Platform.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Environment-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Environment_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Environment_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140401051035/http://www.constitutionparty.com/environment/">"Party Platform (Environment)"</a>. <i>Constitutionparty.org</i>. September 21, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/environment/">the original</a> on April 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitutionparty.org&rft.atitle=Party+Platform+%28Environment%29&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fenvironment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/energy/">Party Platform (Energy)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140401043427/http://www.constitutionparty.com/energy/">Archived</a> April 1, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Constitutionparty.org</i>, Retrieved April 2, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/congressional-reform/">"Party Platform (Congressional Reform)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. September 21, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221205124/http://www.constitutionparty.com/congressional-reform/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Congressional+Reform%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fcongressional-reform%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/statehood/">"Party Platform (Statehood)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204943/http://www.constitutionparty.com/statehood/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Statehood%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fstatehood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/social-security"><i>Social Security Phase-out Plan</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223220848/http://www.constitutionparty.com/social-security/">Archived</a> February 23, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Constitution Party organization online; retrieved .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/taxes/">"Party Platform (Taxes)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219063712/http://www.constitutionparty.com/taxes/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Taxes%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Ftaxes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/the-sanctity-of-life-2/">"Party Platform (Sanctity of Life)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160929075855/http://www.constitutionparty.com/the-sanctity-of-life-2/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Sanctity+of+Life%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fthe-sanctity-of-life-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/crime/">"Party Platform (Crime)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. September 21, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218210453/http://www.constitutionparty.com/crime/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Crime%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fcrime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/family/">"Party Platform (Family)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221205133/http://www.constitutionparty.com/family/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Family%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Ffamily%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontheissues.org/celeb/Constitution_Party_Civil_Rights.htm">"Constitution Party on Civil Rights"</a>. <i>OnTheIssues.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410182714/https://ontheissues.org/Celeb/Constitution_Party_Civil_Rights.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OnTheIssues.org&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+on+Civil+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fceleb%2FConstitution_Party_Civil_Rights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/pornography-obscenity-and-sexually-oriented-businesses/">"Party Platform (Pornography, Obscenity, and Sexually Oriented Businesses)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. September 21, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204956/http://www.constitutionparty.com/pornography-obscenity-and-sexually-oriented-businesses/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Pornography%2C+Obscenity%2C+and+Sexually+Oriented+Businesses%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fpornography-obscenity-and-sexually-oriented-businesses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/gambling/">"Party Platform (Gambling)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. September 21, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218221310/http://www.constitutionparty.com/gambling/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Gambling%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fgambling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/drug-abuse/">"Party Platform (Drug Abuse)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219040604/http://www.constitutionparty.com/drug-abuse/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Drug+Abuse%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fdrug-abuse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204953/http://www.constitutionparty.com/welfare/">"Party Platform (Welfare)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/welfare/">the original</a> on February 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Welfare%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fwelfare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/healthcare-and-government/">"Party Platform (Health Care and Government)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221204950/http://www.constitutionparty.com/healthcare-and-government/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Health+Care+and+Government%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fhealthcare-and-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Party_Platform_Immigration-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Party_Platform_Immigration_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Party_Platform_Immigration_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/immigration/">"Party Platform (Immigration)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140218203107/http://www.constitutionparty.com/immigration/">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Immigration%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Fimmigration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2009/spring/patriot-groups">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Patriot' Groups"</a>. Southern Poverty Law Center. Spring 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120015344/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2009/spring/patriot-groups">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Generally, Patriot groups define themselves as opposed to the '<a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a>' or advocate or adhere to extreme anti-government doctrines. ... Listing here does not imply that the groups themselves advocate or engage in <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a> or other criminal activities, or are <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Patriot%27+Groups&rft.pub=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fget-informed%2Fintelligence-report%2Fbrowse-all-issues%2F2009%2Fspring%2Fpatriot-groups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59154528/asbury-park-press/">"Far-right U.S. Taxpayers Party convening today in San Diego"</a>. <i>Asbury Park Press</i>. August 15, 1996. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200912191846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59154528/asbury-park-press/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbury+Park+Press&rft.atitle=Far-right+U.S.+Taxpayers+Party+convening+today+in+San+Diego&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1996-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F59154528%2Fasbury-park-press%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59157300/the-magee-courier/">"Floyd is Constitution Party convention delegate"</a>. <i>The Magee Courier</i>. July 15, 2004. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200912194956/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59157300/the-magee-courier/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Magee+Courier&rft.atitle=Floyd+is+Constitution+Party+convention+delegate&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2004-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F59157300%2Fthe-magee-courier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionparty.com/tariffs-and-trade/">"Party Platform (Tariffs and Trade)"</a>. Constitutionparty.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219055700/http://www.constitutionparty.com/tariffs-and-trade/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+Platform+%28Tariffs+and+Trade%29&rft.pub=Constitutionparty.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Ftariffs-and-trade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sobran" title="Joseph Sobran">Joseph Sobran</a> was the original vice presidential nominee, but he withdrew from the ticket and was replaced by Frazier.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, Baldwin and Castle did not appear on the ballot; instead, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a> appeared as the Constitution presidential and vice presidential nominees, respectively. Paul and Peroutka received an additional 10,638 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USN-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USN_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USN_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2016" class="citation news cs1">Nelson, Steven (August 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-09/bible-says-no-to-trump-clinton-choice-constitution-party-candidate-says">"Bible Says No to Trump-Clinton Choice, Third-Party Candidate Says"</a>. <i>US News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716050145/https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-09/bible-says-no-to-trump-clinton-choice-constitution-party-candidate-says">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=US+News&rft.atitle=Bible+Says+No+to+Trump-Clinton+Choice%2C+Third-Party+Candidate+Says&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-08-09%2Fbible-says-no-to-trump-clinton-choice-constitution-party-candidate-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, Castle and Bradley did not appear on the ballot under the Constitution Party; instead, Scott Copeland and J. R. Myers appeared as the Constitution presidential and vice presidential nominees, respectively. Copeland and Myers received an additional 2,356 votes. Castle and Bradley ran in the state as independents and received 4,411 votes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/William_Mohr">"William Mohr"</a>. <i>Ballotpedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516184321/https://ballotpedia.org/William_Mohr">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ballotpedia&rft.atitle=William+Mohr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.org%2FWilliam_Mohr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballot-access.org/2024/04/27/randall-terry-wins-constitution-partys-presidential-nomination/">"Randall Terry Wins Constitution Party's Presidential Nomination | Ballot Access News"</a>. April 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Randall+Terry+Wins+Constitution+Party%27s+Presidential+Nomination+%7C+Ballot+Access+News&rft.date=2024-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2024%2F04%2F27%2Frandall-terry-wins-constitution-partys-presidential-nomination%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constitutionparty.com/elections/constitution-party-general-election-results-2018/">"Constitution Party General Election Results – 2018"</a>. <i>ConstitutionParty.com</i>. November 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220131210/https://www.constitutionparty.com/elections/constitution-party-general-election-results-2018/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ConstitutionParty.com&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+General+Election+Results+%E2%80%93+2018&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Felections%2Fconstitution-party-general-election-results-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constitutionparty.com/elections/constitution-party-general-election-results-2018/">"Constitution Party General Election Results – 2018"</a>. November 28, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220131210/https://www.constitutionparty.com/elections/constitution-party-general-election-results-2018/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+Party+General+Election+Results+%E2%80%93+2018&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionparty.com%2Felections%2Fconstitution-party-general-election-results-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenthal2010" class="citation book cs1">Blumenthal, Max (2010). <i>Republican Gomorrah: Inside the Movement That Shattered the Party</i>. 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"Candidate bases bid on God; Constitution Party presidential nominee draws crowd of 500, wants spot on state ballot". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Candidate+bases+bid+on+God%3B+Constitution+Party+presidential+nominee+draws+crowd+of+500%2C+wants+spot+on+state+ballot&rft.date=2004-06-30&rft.aulast=Camden&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamden2004" class="citation news cs1">Camden, Jim (June 30, 2004). "Candidate is on a mission; Constitution Party nominee visits Spokane". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Candidate+is+on+a+mission%3B+Constitution+Party+nominee+visits+Spokane&rft.date=2004-06-30&rft.aulast=Camden&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Constitution Party Assails Socialism". <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Daily_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Daily Times">Seattle Daily Times</a></i>. 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GOP says it won't appeal ballot ruling</a>; September 28, 2010; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register-Herald" title="The Register-Herald">The Register-Herald</a></i>; Summary: "By a margin of just eleven voter signatures, the party succeeds in securing ballot access for U.S. House of Representatives candidate Phil Hudok. The party then spends the rest of the summer petitioning to gain access for U.S. Senate candidate Jeff Becker to run in the special election for the late <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert C. Byrd</a>'s seat, despite looming challenges by the GOP to stop or delay the election".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Group Plans To Form New Political Party". <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Daily_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Daily Times">Seattle Daily Times</a></i>. September 7, 1958. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Group+Plans+To+Form+New+Political+Party&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1958-09-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden1956" class="citation news cs1">Hayden, Jay G. (September 9, 1956). "Chances Slim 'Far-Rightist' Ticket Would Be Important". <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Daily_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Daily Times">Seattle Daily Times</a></i>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Chances+Slim+%27Far-Rightist%27+Ticket+Would+Be+Important&rft.pages=109&rft.date=1956-09-09&rft.aulast=Hayden&rft.aufirst=Jay+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Hearings on Gay Marriage Likely to Be Packed Monday". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>. January 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Hearings+on+Gay+Marriage+Likely+to+Be+Packed+Monday&rft.date=2012-01-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLester2004" class="citation news cs1">Lester, David (October 12, 2004). "County Hopefuls Agree to Agree – and Disagree". <i><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Herald-Republic" title="Yakima Herald-Republic">Yakima Herald-Republic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yakima+Herald-Republic&rft.atitle=County+Hopefuls+Agree+to+Agree+%E2%80%93+and+Disagree&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Only 3 Parties' Write-In Votes To Be Counted". <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Daily_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Daily Times">Seattle Daily Times</a></i>. October 23, 1956. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Only+3+Parties%27+Write-In+Votes+To+Be+Counted&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1956-10-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish2013" class="citation news cs1">Parrish, Susan (April 11, 2013). "Spokane Group Behind Anti-Levy Fliers in B.G". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Columbian" title="The Columbian">The Columbian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Columbian&rft.atitle=Spokane+Group+Behind+Anti-Levy+Fliers+in+B.G&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomeroy2004" class="citation journal cs1">Pomeroy, Karla (January 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltimorechronicle.com/jan04_ConstitutionParty.html">"Marylander Campaigns to be Constitution Party's Presidential Candidate"</a>. <i>Basin Baltimore Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115194917/http://baltimorechronicle.com/jan04_ConstitutionParty.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Basin+Baltimore+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Marylander+Campaigns+to+be+Constitution+Party%27s+Presidential+Candidate&rft.date=2004-01-26&rft.aulast=Pomeroy&rft.aufirst=Karla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaltimorechronicle.com%2Fjan04_ConstitutionParty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/elections/2004/candidates/295780/">"Steve Krukar (CST)"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115194643/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/elections/2004/candidates/295780/">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Steve+Krukar+%28CST%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Felections%2F2004%2Fcandidates%2F295780%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2010" class="citation news cs1">Ward, Leah (May 21, 2010). "Constitution Party prepares to gather in Moxee [Derived headline]". <i><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Herald-Republic" title="Yakima Herald-Republic">Yakima Herald-Republic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yakima+Herald-Republic&rft.atitle=Constitution+Party+prepares+to+gather+in+Moxee+%5BDerived+headline%5D&rft.date=2010-05-21&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Leah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Write-in' Is Voter Privilege, Says Candidate". <i><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Daily_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Daily Times">Seattle Daily Times</a></i>. November 4, 1956. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=%27Write-in%27+Is+Voter+Privilege%2C+Says+Candidate&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1956-11-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+Party+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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href="/wiki/Albion_Knight,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Albion Knight, Jr.">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herb_Titus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a>/Frazier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Peroutka</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Baldwin</a>/Castle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Goode</a>/Clymer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>: Castle/<a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Blankenship</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Mohr" class="mw-redirect" title="William Mohr">Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Terry</a>/<a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden" title="Stephen Broden">Broden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Party_(Colorado)" title="American Constitution Party (Colorado)">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_American_Party_of_Nevada" title="Independent American Party of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_of_North_Carolina" title="Constitution Party of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_of_Oregon" title="Constitution Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Constitution_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral history of the Constitution Party (United States)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">National Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">primaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_parties" title="Template talk:United States political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">political parties in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smaller</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Socialist_Party" title="African People's Socialist Party">African People's Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Socialists of America">Black Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberty_Party" title="Christian Liberty Party">Christian Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Citizens Party of the United States">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Party_(United_States)" title="Forward Party (United States)">Forward Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marijuana_Party" title="U.S. Marijuana Party">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_2017)" title="People's Party (United States, 2017)">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_America_Movement" title="Renew America Movement">Renew America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serve_America_Movement" title="Serve America Movement">Serve America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_Party" title="Transhumanist Party">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American (Know Nothing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_Elect" title="Americans Elect">Americans Elect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1924)" title="American Party (1924)">American (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_(United_States)" title="Communist Workers' Party (United States)">Communist Workers'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States,_1952)" title="Constitution Party (United States, 1952)">Constitution (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party_(1844)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican Party (1844)">Democratic-Republican (1844)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">Gold Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_(United_States)" title="Human Rights Party (United States)">Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(United_States)" title="Independence Party (United States)">Independence (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_America" title="Independence Party of America">Independence (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Labor Party of the United States">Labor (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty (1840)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(United_States)" title="National Party (United States)"> National (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(United_States)" title="New Party (United States)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Party" title="New Union Party">New Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullifier_Party" title="Nullifier Party">Nullifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Party_(Southern_U.S.)" title="Opposition Party (Southern U.S.)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Party_(1970s)" title="Patriot Party (1970s)">Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist (People's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Choice_Party" title="Personal Choice Party">Personal Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_America" title="Proletarian Party of America">Proletarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Unida_Party" title="Raza Unida Party">Raza Unida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(United_States)" title="Red Guards (United States)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guard_Party" title="Red Guard Party">Red Guard Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Party" title="Silver Party">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States Rights (Dixiecrat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_Union_Party" title="Unconditional Union Party">Unconditional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States,_1850)" title="Union Party (United States, 1850)">Union (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Union Party (United States)">Union (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panthers" class="mw-redirect" title="White Panthers">White Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Patriot_Party" title="White Patriot Party">White Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_America" title="Workers Party of America">Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Lords Party">Young Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_state_and_local_political_parties" title="Template:United States state and local political parties">State and local political parties (without national body)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Presidential nominating convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_social_conservatism" title="Template:American social conservatism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_social_conservatism" title="Template talk:American social conservatism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_social_conservatism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American social conservatism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social conservatism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gay_agenda" title="Gay agenda">Gay agenda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-pornography movement in the United States">Anti-pornography movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consistent_life_ethic" title="Consistent life ethic">Consistent life ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_religion" title="Organized religion">Organized religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">Prohibition of drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious liberty">Religious liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_prayer_in_the_United_States" title="School prayer in the United States">School prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state#Friendly_and_hostile_separation" title="Separation of church and state">Friendly separation of church and state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Barton_(author)" title="David Barton (author)">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Brownback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Bryant" title="Anita Bryant">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Boebert" title="Lauren Boebert">Boebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boykin" title="Peter Boykin">Boykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III" title="L. Brent Bozell III">Bozell III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Candace Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">DeMint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dice" title="Mark Dice">Dice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Donohue" title="Bill Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Falwell Sr.">Falwell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell_Jr." title="Jerry Falwell Jr.">Falwell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Frist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louie_Gohmert" title="Louie Gohmert">Gohmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hostettler" title="John Hostettler">Hostettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._James_Kennedy" title="D. James Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Parsley" title="Rod Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Pence" title="Greg Pence">Pence (Greg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Perkins_(politician)" title="Tony Perkins (politician)">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Peroutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libs_of_TikTok" title="Libs of TikTok">Raichik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Robinson_(American_politician)" title="Mark Robinson (American politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayle_Ruzicka" title="Gayle Ruzicka">Ruzicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Scarborough" title="Rick Scarborough">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bret_Schundler" title="Bret Schundler">Schundler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Stenzel" title="Pam Stenzel">Stenzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Beth_Stuckey" title="Allie Beth Stuckey">Stuckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tancredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Tatum" title="Brandon Tatum">Tatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_and_Elizabeth_Uihlein" title="Richard and Elizabeth Uihlein">Uihlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Principles_Project" title="American Principles Project">American Principles Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">Concerned Women for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">Family Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_on_Sexual_Exploitation" title="National Center on Sexual Exploitation">National Center on Sexual Exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">National Organization for Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">National Right to Life Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">Parents Television and Media Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Values_Coalition" title="Traditional Values Coalition">Traditional Values Coalition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">Factions in the Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Declaration:_A_Call_of_Christian_Conscience" title="Manhattan Declaration: A Call of Christian Conscience">Manhattan Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_pride" title="Straight pride">Straight 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