Use Connected Sheets | Apps Script | Google for Developers

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class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Chat apps </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/drive/api/guides/about-apps" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/drive/api/guides/about-apps" track-metadata-position="nav - all products" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="extend, automate & share" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: All products - Drive apps" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Drive apps </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/marketplace" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/marketplace" track-metadata-position="nav - all products" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="extend, automate & share" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: All products - Marketplace" data-category="Workspace top menu 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<div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown" role="menu" aria-label="submenu" hidden> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-content"> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Tools</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://admin.google.com/" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://admin.google.com/" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip target="admin-console" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Admin console" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Admin console </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://script.google.com/" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://script.google.com/" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Apps Script dashboard" target="_blank" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Apps Script dashboard </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/workspace-api" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://console.cloud.google.com/workspace-api" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Google Cloud console" target="console" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Google Cloud console </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/explore" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/explore" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - APIs Explorer" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> APIs Explorer </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://addons.gsuite.google.com/uikit/builder" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://addons.gsuite.google.com/uikit/builder" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="tools" tooltip target="_blank" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Card Builder" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Card Builder </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Training & support</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/guides/get-started" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/guides/get-started" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="training & support" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - How to get started" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> How to get started </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/?product=googleworkspace" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/?product=googleworkspace" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="training & support" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Codelabs" target="_blank" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Codelabs </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/support" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/support" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="training & support" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Developer support" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Developer support </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Updates</li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.googleblog.com/search/?query=Google+Workspace" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.googleblog.com/search/?query=Google+Workspace" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Blog" target="_blank" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Blog </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/preview" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/preview" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Developer previews" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Developer Previews </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace/newsletters" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/workspace/newsletters" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-label="Tab menu: Resources - Newsletter" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Newsletter </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/workspacedevs" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://twitter.com/workspacedevs" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip target="_blank" data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - X (Twitter)" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> X (Twitter) </div> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUcg6az6etU_gRtZVAhBXaw" track-type="nav" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUcg6az6etU_gRtZVAhBXaw" track-metadata-position="nav - resources" track-metadata-module="tertiary nav" track-metadata-module_headline="updates" tooltip data-category="Workspace top menu navigation" target="_blank" data-label="Tab menu: Resources - YouTube" > <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> YouTube </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> <devsite-search enable-signin enable-search enable-suggestions enable-query-completion project-name="Apps Script" tenant-name="Google for Developers" project-scope="/apps-script" url-scoped="https://developers.google.com/s/results/apps-script" > <form class="devsite-search-form" action="https://developers.google.com/s/results" method="GET"> <div class="devsite-search-container"> <button type="button" search-open class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Open search"></button> <div class="devsite-searchbox"> <input aria-activedescendant="" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-label="Search" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" autocomplete="off" class="devsite-search-field devsite-search-query" name="q" placeholder="Search" role="combobox" type="text" value="" > <div class="devsite-search-image material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> </div> <div class="devsite-search-shortcut-icon-container" aria-hidden="true"> <kbd class="devsite-search-shortcut-icon">/</kbd> </div> </div> </div> </form> <button type="button" search-close class="devsite-search-button devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons" aria-label="Close search"></button> </devsite-search> </div> <devsite-language-selector> <ul role="presentation"> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="en" >English</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="de" >Deutsch</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="es" >Español</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="es_419" >Español – América Latina</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="fr" >Français</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="id" >Indonesia</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="it" >Italiano</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pl" >Polski</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="pt_br" >Português – Brasil</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="vi" >Tiếng Việt</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="tr" >Türkçe</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ru" >Русский</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="he" >עברית</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ar" >العربيّة</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="fa" >فارسی</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="hi" >हिंदी</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="bn" >বাংলা</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="th" >ภาษาไทย</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="zh_cn" >中文 – 简体</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="zh_tw" >中文 – 繁體</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ja" >日本語</a> </li> <li role="presentation"> <a role="menuitem" lang="ko" >한국어</a> </li> </ul> </devsite-language-selector> <devsite-user enable-profiles fp-auth id="devsite-user"> Sign in </devsite-user> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-collapsible-section "> <div class="devsite-header-background"> <div class="devsite-product-id-row" > <div class="devsite-product-description-row"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Lower Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Apps Script" > Apps Script </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-doc-set-nav-row"> <devsite-tabs class="lower-tabs"> <nav class="devsite-tabs-wrapper" aria-label="Lower tabs"> <tab > <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script" 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track-metadata-position="nav - reference" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Reference" track-name="reference" > Reference </a> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples" track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - samples" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Samples" track-name="samples" > Samples </a> </tab> <tab > <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/support" class="devsite-tabs-content gc-analytics-event " track-metadata-eventdetail="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/support" track-type="nav" track-metadata-position="nav - support" track-metadata-module="primary nav" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Support" track-name="support" > Support </a> </tab> </nav> </devsite-tabs> </div> </div> </div> </div> </devsite-header> <devsite-book-nav scrollbars > <div class="devsite-book-nav-filter" > <input type="text" placeholder="Filter" aria-label="Type to filter" role="searchbox"> </div> <nav class="devsite-book-nav devsite-nav nocontent" aria-label="Side menu"> <div class="devsite-mobile-header"> <button type="button" id="devsite-close-nav" class="devsite-header-icon-button button-flat material-icons gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Close navigation" aria-label="Close navigation"> </button> <div class="devsite-product-name-wrapper"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace"> <div class="devsite-product-logo-container" size="medium" > <picture> <img class="devsite-product-logo" alt="Google Workspace" src="https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/i/productlogos/googleg/v6/16px.svg" srcset=" https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/i/productlogos/googleg/v6/16px.svg" sizes="64px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </div> </a> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item devsite-has-google-wordmark"> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Upper Header" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Workspace" > <svg class="devsite-google-wordmark" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 148 48"> <title>Google</title> <path class="devsite-google-wordmark-svg-path" d="M19.58,37.65c-9.87,0-18.17-8.04-18.17-17.91c0-9.87,8.3-17.91,18.17-17.91c5.46,0,9.35,2.14,12.27,4.94l-3.45,3.45c-2.1-1.97-4.93-3.49-8.82-3.49c-7.21,0-12.84,5.81-12.84,13.02c0,7.21,5.64,13.02,12.84,13.02c4.67,0,7.34-1.88,9.04-3.58c1.4-1.4,2.32-3.41,2.66-6.16H19.58v-4.89h16.47c0.18,0.87,0.26,1.92,0.26,3.06c0,3.67-1.01,8.21-4.24,11.44C28.93,35.9,24.91,37.65,19.58,37.65z 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M140.89,29.92l3.93,2.62c-1.27,1.88-4.32,5.11-9.61,5.11c-6.55,0-11.28-5.07-11.28-11.53c0-6.86,4.77-11.53,10.71-11.53c5.98,0,8.91,4.76,9.87,7.34l0.52,1.31l-15.42,6.38c1.18,2.31,3.01,3.49,5.59,3.49C137.79,33.11,139.58,31.84,140.89,29.92zM128.79,25.77l10.31-4.28c-0.57-1.44-2.27-2.45-4.28-2.45C132.24,19.04,128.66,21.31,128.79,25.77z"/> </svg>Workspace </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-book-nav-wrapper"> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-top"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Home" track-name="home" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Home" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/apps-script" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-active" data-category="Site-Wide Custom 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href="/apps-script/support" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event devsite-nav-has-children " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Support" track-name="support" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Support" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Support </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/products-menu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: All products" track-name="all products" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: All products" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> All products </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> More </li> </ul> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/resources-menu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Tab: Resources" track-name="resources" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Resources" track-type="globalNav" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Resources </a> <ul class="devsite-nav-responsive-tabs devsite-nav-has-menu "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> More </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-mobile-nav-bottom"> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="_book"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/overview" >Overview</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/dashboard" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/dashboard" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/dashboard" >Apps Script dashboard</a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Explore the development environment </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/projects" >Script projects</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/concepts/manifests" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/concepts/manifests" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/concepts/manifests" >Manifests</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/concepts/scopes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/concepts/scopes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/concepts/scopes" >Scopes</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/concepts/deployments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/concepts/deployments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/concepts/deployments" >Deployments</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/cloud-platform-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/cloud-platform-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/cloud-platform-projects" >Google Cloud projects</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/logging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/logging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/logging" >Logging</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/client-verification" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/client-verification" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/client-verification" >OAuth client verification</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/libraries" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/libraries" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/libraries" >Libraries</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/versions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/versions" >Versions</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/collaborating" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/collaborating" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/collaborating" >Collaboration</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/clasp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/clasp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/clasp" >Command line interface</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Apps Script runtimes </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/v8-runtime" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime" >V8 Runtime overview</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime/migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/v8-runtime/migration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/v8-runtime/migration" >Migrating to the V8 runtime</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Google services and external APIs </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services" >Built-in Google services</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services/advanced" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services/advanced" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services/advanced" >Advanced Google services</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services/authorization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services/authorization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services/authorization" >Authorization</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/services/external" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/services/external" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/services/external" >External APIs</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Types of scripts </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/standalone" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/standalone" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/standalone" >Standalone</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/bound" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/bound" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/bound" >Bound to Google Workspace documents</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Extend Google Workspace </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Google Docs </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/docs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/docs" >Overview</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/docs/tabs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/docs/tabs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/docs/tabs" >Work with tabs</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Google Sheets </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets" >Overview</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets/functions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets/functions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets/functions" >Custom functions</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets/macros" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets/macros" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets/macros" >Macros</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/sheets/connected-sheets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/sheets/connected-sheets" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/sheets/connected-sheets" >Connected Sheets</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Google Slides </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides" >Overview</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/presentations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/presentations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/presentations" >Structure of a presentation</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/moving-elements" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/moving-elements" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/moving-elements" >Sizing and positioning page elements</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/selecting" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/selecting" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/selecting" >Selecting items in a presentation</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/editing-styling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/editing-styling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/editing-styling" >Editing and styling text</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/slides/lifecycle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/slides/lifecycle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/slides/lifecycle" >Life cycle of an update</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Menus, dialogs, and sidebars </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/menus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/menus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/menus" >Custom Menus in Google Workspace</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/dialogs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/dialogs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/dialogs" >Dialogs and sidebars in Google Workspace</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> User interfaces </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html" >Create and serve HTML</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/communication" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/communication" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/communication" >Client-to-server communication</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/templates" >Templated HTML</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/restrictions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/restrictions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/restrictions" >Restrictions</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/migration/iframe" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/migration/iframe" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/migration/iframe" >Migrate to IFRAME</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/web" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/web" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/web" >Web apps</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/html/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/html/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/html/best-practices" >Best practices</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Store and serve data </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/properties" >Script, user, and document properties</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/jdbc" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/jdbc" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/jdbc" >External databases via JDBC</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/content" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/content" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/content" >Content service</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Admin management </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/assign-cloud-permissions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/assign-cloud-permissions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/assign-cloud-permissions" >Assign permissions for Google Cloud projects</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-restrict-oauth-scopes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-restrict-oauth-scopes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-restrict-oauth-scopes" >Monitor and restrict data access</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-use" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-use" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/monitor-use" >Monitor and control Apps Script use</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/admin/view-cloud-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/admin/view-cloud-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/admin/view-cloud-projects" >View or edit Google Cloud projects</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Convert VBA Macros to Apps Script </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/overview" >Overview</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatibility-report" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatibility-report" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatibility-report" >Determine VBA compatibility</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/convert-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/convert-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/convert-files" >Convert VBA macros to Apps Script</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/fix-conversion-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/fix-conversion-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/fix-conversion-errors" >Fix conversion errors</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/address-conversion-issues" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/address-conversion-issues" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/address-conversion-issues" >Address common issues</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/tutorials" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/tutorials" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/tutorials" >Watch video tutorials</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatible-vba-apis" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatible-vba-apis" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/guides/macro-converter/compatible-vba-apis" >View list of compatible VBA APIs</a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-accordion"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Use the REST API </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/concepts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/concepts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/concepts" >Introduction</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Quickstarts </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/js" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/js" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/js" >JavaScript</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/go" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/go" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/go" >Go</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/java" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/java" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/java" >Java</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/nodejs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/nodejs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/nodejs" >Node.js</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/quickstart/python" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/quickstart/python" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/quickstart/python" >Python</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Concepts </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/concepts/processes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/concepts/processes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/concepts/processes" >Processes</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> How To... </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/enable" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/enable" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/enable" >Enable script authorization and access</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-projects" >Manage script projects</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-deployments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-deployments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-deployments" >Manage script deployments</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-versions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/manage-versions" >Manage script versions</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/view-processes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/view-processes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/view-processes" >View process information</a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/how-tos/execute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/how-tos/execute" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/how-tos/execute" >Execute a function</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> Troubleshoot </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/apps-script/api/troubleshoot-authentication-authorization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /apps-script/api/troubleshoot-authentication-authorization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/apps-script/api/troubleshoot-authentication-authorization" >Troubleshoot authentication & authorization</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="All products" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> Google Workspace apps </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/admin-sdk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Admin console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Admin console </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/cloud-search" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Search" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Cloud Search </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/gmail" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Gmail" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Gmail </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/calendar" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Calendar" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Calendar </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/chat" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Chat" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Chat </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/classroom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Classroom" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Classroom </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Docs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Docs </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/drive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Drive" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Drive </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/forms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Forms" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Forms </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/keep" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Keep" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Keep </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/meet" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Meet" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Meet </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/sheets" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Sheets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Sheets </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/sites" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Sites" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Sites </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/slides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Slides" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Slides </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/tasks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Tasks" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Tasks </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/vault" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Vault" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Vault </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> Extend, automate & share </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/add-ons" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Add-ons" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Add-ons </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/apps-script" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apps Script" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Apps Script </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/chat/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Chat apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Chat apps </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/drive/api/guides/about-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Drive apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Drive apps </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/marketplace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Marketplace" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Marketplace </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Resources" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> Tools </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://admin.google.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Admin console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Admin console </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://script.google.com/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apps Script dashboard" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Apps Script dashboard </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/workspace-api" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Cloud console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Google Cloud console </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/explore" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: APIs Explorer" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> APIs Explorer </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://addons.gsuite.google.com/uikit/builder" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Card Builder" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Card Builder </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> Training & support </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/guides/get-started" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: How to get started" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> How to get started </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://codelabs.developers.google.com/?product=googleworkspace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Codelabs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Codelabs </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/support" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Developer support" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Developer support </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> Updates </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://developers.googleblog.com/search/?query=Google+Workspace" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Blog" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Blog </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/preview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Developer Previews" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Developer Previews </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/workspace/newsletters" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Newsletter" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> Newsletter </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/workspacedevs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: X (Twitter)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> X (Twitter) </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUcg6az6etU_gRtZVAhBXaw" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: YouTube" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> YouTube </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" id="main-content" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav > <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developers.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Home </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.google.com/workspace" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Workspace" > Google Workspace </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Apps Script" > Apps Script </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/overview" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="4" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="4" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Guides </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <devsite-feedback position="header" project-name="Apps Script" product-id="717201" bucket="apps-script" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20250211-r00-rc00.466928320959134316" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=191640&template=824113" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png" project-support-url="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/support" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Use Connected Sheets </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </devsite-feature-tooltip> <devsite-key-takeaways></devsite-key-takeaways> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <a href="https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/g-suite/connected-sheets-is-generally-available" target="_blank" class="external">Connected Sheets</a> is a Google Sheets feature that lets you analyze BigQuery and Looker data directly within Sheets. You can access Connected Sheets programmatically with the Spreadsheet service. <h2 id="common_actions" data-text="Common Connected Sheets actions" tabindex="-1">Common Connected Sheets actions</h2> Use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSource</code> classes and objects to connect to BigQuery or Looker and analyze data. The following table lists the most common <code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSource</code> actions and how to create them in Apps Script: <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Action</th> <th>Google Apps Script class</th> <th>Method to use</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Connect a sheet to a supported data source</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source-spec"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourceSpec</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">SpreadsheetApp.newDataSourceSpec()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Choose a data source</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSource</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet().getDataSource()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Add a data source sheet</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source-sheet"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourceSheet</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Add a pivot table</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source-pivot-table"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourcePivotTable</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Range.insertDataSourcePivotTable()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pull data into an extract</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source-table"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourceTable</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Range.insertDataSourceTable()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Use a formula</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source-formula"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourceFormula</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Range.setFormula()</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Add a chart</td> <td><a href="/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/data-source-chart"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourceChart</code></a></td> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Sheet.insertDataSourceChart()</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="add_required_authorization_scopes" data-text="Add required authorization scopes" tabindex="-1">Add required authorization scopes</h2> To access BigQuery data, you must include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">enableBigQueryExecution()</code> method in your Google Apps Script code. This method adds the required <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bigquery.readonly</code> OAuth scope to your Google Apps Script project. The following sample shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution()</code> method called within a function: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript">function addDataSource() { SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution(); var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActive(); }</pre></devsite-code> To access Looker data, you must include the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">enableLookerExecution()</code> method in your Google Apps Script code. Accessing Looker in Apps Script will reuse your existing Google Account Link with Looker. The following sample shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">SpreadsheetApp.enableLookerExecution()</code> method called within a function: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript">function addDataSource() { SpreadsheetApp.enableLookerExecution(); var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActive(); }</pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="add_additional_oauth_scopes_to_the_manifest_file" data-text="Add additional OAuth scopes to the manifest file" tabindex="-1">Add additional OAuth scopes to the manifest file</h3> When connecting with BigQuery, most OAuth scopes are automatically added to the manifest file based on the functions used in your code. If you need additional scopes to access certain BigQuery data, you can <a href="/apps-script/concepts/scopes#setting_explicit_scopes">set explicit scopes</a>. For example, to <a href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/external-data-drive#api" target="_blank" class="external">query BigQuery data hosted within Google Drive</a>, you must add a Drive OAuth scope to your manifest file. The following sample shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">oauthScopes</code> portion of a manifest file. It adds a drive OAuth scope in addition to the minimum required <code translate="no" dir="ltr">spreadsheet</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">bigquery.readonly</code> OAuth scopes: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Text only">{ ... "oauthScopes": [ "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive" ], ... }</pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="example_create_and_refresh_a_data_source_object" data-text="Example: Create and refresh a data source object" tabindex="-1">Example: Create and refresh a data source object</h2> The following examples shows how to add a data source, create a data source object from the data source, refresh the data source object, and get the execution status. <h3 id="add_a_data_source" data-text="Add a data source" tabindex="-1">Add a data source</h3> The following examples show how to add a BigQuery and a Looker data source respectively. <h4 id="adding-a-bigquery-data-source" data-text="BigQuery" tabindex="-1">BigQuery</h4> To add a BigQuery data source to a spreadsheet, insert a data source sheet with a data source spec. The data source sheet is automatically refreshed to fetch preview data. Replace <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><YOUR_PROJECT_ID></code> below with a valid Google Cloud project ID. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// For operations that fetch data from BigQuery, enableBigQueryExecution() must be called. SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution(); var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.create('Test connected sheets'); Logger.log('New test spreadsheet: %s', spreadsheet.getUrl()); // Build data source spec by selecting a table. var dataSourceSpec = SpreadsheetApp.newDataSourceSpec() .asBigQuery() .setProjectId('<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>') .setTableProjectId('bigquery-public-data') .setDatasetId('ncaa_basketball') .setTableId('mbb_historical_tournament_games') .build(); // Add data source and its associated data source sheet. var dataSourceSheet = spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet(dataSourceSpec); var dataSource = dataSourceSheet.getDataSource(); </code></pre></devsite-code> <h4 id="looker" data-text="Looker" tabindex="-1">Looker</h4> To add a Looker data source to a spreadsheet, insert a data source sheet with a data source spec. The data source sheet is automatically refreshed to fetch preview data. Replace <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><INSTANCE_URL></code>,<code translate="no" dir="ltr"><MODEL_NAME></code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><EXPLORE_NAME></code> in the following sample with a valid Looker instance URL, model name and explore name respectively. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// For operations that fetch data from Looker, enableLookerExecution() must be called. SpreadsheetApp.enableLookerExecution(); var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.create('Test connected sheets'); Logger.log('New test spreadsheet: %s', spreadsheet.getUrl()); // Build data source spec by selecting a table. var dataSourceSpec = SpreadsheetApp.newDataSourceSpec() .asLooker() .setInstanceUrl('<INSTANCE_URL>') .setModelName('<MODEL_NAME>') .setExploreName('<EXPLORE_NAME>') .build(); // Add data source and its associated data source sheet. var dataSourceSheet = spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet(dataSourceSpec); var dataSource = dataSourceSheet.getDataSource(); </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="add_a_data_source_object" data-text="Add a data source object" tabindex="-1">Add a data source object</h3> Once the data source is added to the spreadsheet, data source objects can be created from the data source. In this example, a pivot table is created using <code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSourcePivotTable</code> on the BigQuery <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dataSource</code> created in <a href="#adding-a-bigquery-data-source">the code sample which adds a BigQuery datasource</a>. Unlike regular data in grid sheets that are referenced by cell index or A1 notations, data from data sources are usually referenced by column names. Therefore, most property setters on data source objects use column name as input. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">var rootCell = spreadsheet.insertSheet('pivotTableSheet').getRange('A1'); // Add data source pivot table and set data source specific configurations. var dataSourcePivotTable = rootCell.createDataSourcePivotTable(dataSource); var rowGroup = dataSourcePivotTable.addRowGroup('season'); rowGroup.sortDescending().setGroupLimit(5); dataSourcePivotTable.addColumnGroup('win_school_ncaa'); dataSourcePivotTable.addPivotValue('win_pts', SpreadsheetApp.PivotTableSummarizeFunction.AVERAGE); dataSourcePivotTable.addPivotValue('game_date', SpreadsheetApp.PivotTableSummarizeFunction.COUNTA); var filterCriteria = SpreadsheetApp.newFilterCriteria() .whenTextEqualToAny(['Duke', 'North Carolina']) .build(); dataSourcePivotTable.addFilter('win_school_ncaa', filterCriteria); // Get a regular pivot table instance and set shared configurations. var pivotTable = dataSourcePivotTable.asPivotTable(); pivotTable.setValuesDisplayOrientation(SpreadsheetApp.Dimension.ROWS); </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="refresh_a_data_source_object" data-text="Refresh a data source object" tabindex="-1">Refresh a data source object</h3> You can refresh data source objects to fetch the latest data from BigQuery based on the data source specs and object configurations. The process to refresh data is asynchronous. To refresh a data source object, use the following methods: <ol> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">refreshData()</code> starts the data refresh execution.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">waitForCompletion()</code> returns the end state once the data execution is completed. This eliminates the need to keep polling the execution status.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataExecutionStatus.getErrorCode()</code> gets the error code in case the data execution fails.</li> </ol> The sample below illustrates a refresh of the pivot table data: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">var status = dataSourcePivotTable.getStatus(); Logger.log('Initial state: %s', status.getExecutionState()); dataSourcePivotTable.refreshData(); status = dataSourcePivotTable.waitForCompletion(/* timeoutInSeconds= */ 60); Logger.log('Ending state: %s', status.getExecutionState()); if (status.getExecutionState() == SpreadsheetApp.DataExecutionState.ERROR) { Logger.log('Error: %s (%s)', status.getErrorCode(), status.getErrorMessage()); } </code></pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="use_triggers_with" data-text="Use triggers with Connected Sheets" tabindex="-1">Use triggers with Connected Sheets</h2> Automate your Connected Sheets data source functions with <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/guides/triggers/installable">triggers and events</a>. For example, use <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/guides/triggers/installable#time-driven_triggers">time-driven triggers</a> to refresh data source objects repeatedly at a specific time, and use spreadsheet <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/guides/triggers/installable#g_suite_application_triggers">event triggers</a> to trigger data execution on a predefined event. The following sample adds a BigQuery data source with a query parameter and refreshes the data source sheet when the query parameter is edited. Replace <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><YOUR_PROJECT_ID></code> below with a valid Google Cloud project ID. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="MySQL"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Add data source with query parameter. function addDataSource() { SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution(); var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActive(); // Add a new sheet and use A1 cell as the parameter cell. var parameterCell = spreadsheet.insertSheet('parameterSheet').getRange('A1'); parameterCell.setValue('Duke'); // Add data source with query parameter. var dataSourceSpec = SpreadsheetApp.newDataSourceSpec() .asBigQuery() .setProjectId('<YOUR_PROJECT_ID>') .setRawQuery('select * from `bigquery-public-data`.`ncaa_basketball`.`mbb_historical_tournament_games` WHERE win_school_ncaa = @SCHOOL') .setParameterFromCell('SCHOOL', 'parameterSheet!A1') .build(); var dataSourceSheet = spreadsheet.insertDataSourceSheet(dataSourceSpec); dataSourceSheet.asSheet().setName('ncaa_data'); } // Function used to configure event trigger to refresh data source sheet. function refreshOnParameterEdit(e) { var editedRange = e.range; if (editedRange.getSheet().getName() != 'parameterSheet') { return; } // Check that the edited range includes A1. if (editedRange.getRow() > 1 || editedRange.getColumn() > 1) { return; } var spreadsheet = e.source; SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution(); spreadsheet.getSheetByName('ncaa_data').asDataSourceSheet().refreshData(); } </code></pre></devsite-code> In the above sample, the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">addDataSource()</code> function adds a data source to the spreadsheet. After you execute <code translate="no" dir="ltr">addDataSource()</code>, create an event trigger in the Apps Script editor. To learn how to create an event trigger, see <a href="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/guides/triggers/installable">Installable triggers</a>. Select the following options for your trigger: <ul> <li>Event source: From spreadsheet</li> <li>Event type: On edit</li> <li>Function to run: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">refreshOnParameterEdit</code></li> </ul> Once the trigger is created, the data source sheet refreshes automatically every time the parameter cell is edited. <h2 id="troubleshoot" data-text="Troubleshoot" tabindex="-1">Troubleshoot</h2> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Error message</th> <th>Resolution</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">enableBigQuery()</code> to enable data executions for BIGQUERY data sources.</td> <td>This error indicates that <code translate="no" dir="ltr">SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution()</code> is not called before fetching BigQuery data. Call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">SpreadsheetApp.enableBigQueryExecution()</code> in functions that use methods for BigQuery execution. Such as, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">refreshData()</code> on data source objects, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Spreadsheet.insertDataSourceTable()</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">DataSource.updateSpec()</code>. These methods require an additional bigquery.readonly OAuth scope to work.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Not permitted to act on data sources. Please contact your administrator to enable the feature.</td> <td>This error indicates that the account doesn’t have Connected Sheets enabled. Connected Sheets is only available to Google Workspace users with certain subscriptions. Contact your administrator to enable the feature.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="tebPb3nt10eGRuQsCn30V3hnH7RQ" listnr-id="717201"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Apps Script" product-id="717201" bucket="apps-script" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20250211-r00-rc00.466928320959134316" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=191640&template=824113" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/images/branding/product/2x/apps_script_48dp.png" project-support-url="https://developers.google.com/apps-script/support" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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