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cunntas</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B2nraichte:UserLogin&returnto=A%27+Ch%C3%A0isg&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Mholamaidh dhut logadh a-steach; ge-tà, cha leig thu leas seo a dhèanamh [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log a-steach</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Cobhair:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2nraichte:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>M’ obair</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2nraichte:MyTalk" title="deasbaireachd mu dheasachaidhean on t-seòladh IP seo [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Deasbaireachd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Seall an tùs aig A' Chàisg</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cuir cànain ris</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ainm-spàsan"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/A%27_Ch%C3%A0isg" title="Seall duilleag na susbainte [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Duilleag</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deasbaireachd:A%27_Ch%C3%A0isg" rel="discussion" title="Deasbad mu dhuilleag na susbainte [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Deasbaireachd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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class="mw-body-content"><p>Chan eil cead agad airson "deasaich an duilleag seo" air sgàth an adhbhair a leanas: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Your IP address is in a range that has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis</a>.</b> <p>The block was made by <a href="/wiki/Cleachdaiche:Jon_Kolbert" title="Cleachdaiche:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. 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If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. </p> Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>’S urrainn dhut coimhead air tùs na duilleige seo ’s lethbhreac a dhèanamh dheth. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="gd" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">[[Faidhle:Grunewald - christ.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Dealbh [[altair]] bho Matthias Grünewald]] 'S e '''a’ Chàisg''' an fhèis as cudthromaiche ann am bliadhna na h-Eaglaise [[Crìosdaidheachd|Crìosdail]]. Is e seo an latha air a bheil muinntir na h-Eaglaise a’ còmharrachadh aiseirigh [[Iosa Chrìosd|Ìosa Crìosd]]. Bidh ceann-latha na Càisge ag atharrachadh gach bliadhna. 'S e [[Di-Dòmhnaich]] an dèidh na ciad [[gealach|gealaiche]] làin as t-[[Earrach]] nuair a bhios a’ Chàisg ann. Mar sin bidh i ann eadar 22mh [[am Màrt|am Màirt]] agus 25mh [[an Giblean]]. == Ainm == Nuair a bithear a’ coimhead air an ainm "Càisg" anns na cànanan diofraichte, chithear gu bheil dà sheòrsa ann, ainmean ceangailte ri “''Pessach''” agus ainmean ceangailte ri “''Ostern/Easter''”. Tha dlùth-cheangal ann eadar an fhèis Chrìosdail agus an fhèis mhòir [[Iùdhachd|Iùdhaich]] “[[Pessach]]”. Dh’atharraich am facal [[Ebhra]] ''Pessach'' gu ''Pascha'' sa [[Greugais|Ghreugais]] agus gu [[Laideann|Laidinn]]. Ann an tòrr chànanan Eòrpach cleachdar ainmean a tha ceangailte ris an fhacal Laidinn, mar eisimpleir canar ''la Pascua'' san [[Spàinntis]] neo ''Pasqua'' san [[Eadailtis]], ''påsk'' san t-[[Suainis]], [[Ruiseis]]: Пасха (= Pas-cha) ris an fhèis seo. 'S e an aon rud anns na cànanan Breatannach. Canar ''Pasg'' ann an [[Cuimris]] agus ''Pask'' ann am [[Breatainnis]] agus ann an [[Còrnais]]. Chaidh am facal Breatannach iosaid bhon Laidinn, agus chun na Gàidhlige Àrsaidh, agus am fuaim /p/ air atharrachadh gu Q /kw/ (an Linn Oghaim). Dh'atharraich am fuaim /kw/ gu /k/ ro àm na Seanghaeilge, mar sin ‘s e ''Càisg'' ann an [[Gàidhlig]], ''Cáisc'' sa [[Gaeilge]] agus ''Caisht'' ann an [[Gàidhlig Mhanainn|Gàidhlig Mhannain]]. [[Faidhle:Ostara.jpg|thumb|right|Ostara, dealbh às an 19mh linn]] Tha cùisean rud beag eadar-dhealaichte leis an ainm “''Ostern''” anns a' [[Gearmailtis|Ghearmailtis]] neo “''Easter''” sa Bheurla. A-rèir an ''Duden'' (faclair briathrachas na Gearmailtis) thàinig an t-ainm ''Ostern'' bhon Seann Ghearmanais ''Austrō'' a tha a’ ciallachadh "''Morgenröte''" (dearg na maidne). Is dòcha gum b’ e fèis Ghearmanach aig tòiseach an Earraich a bha ann airson ùrram a thoirt do dh’ ''Ostara'' (neo ''Ēostre'' sa Bheurla), ban-dhia phaganach. Nochd am facal "Ēostra" sa’ chiad turas sa bhliadhna 738 aig Beda Venerabilis, manach is eachdraiche à Northumbria. Bha esan den bheachd gun robh na seann tràdaiseanan timcheall air Ostara agus ainm mios a’ Ghiblein (''Ēosturmanoth'' aig an àm seo) ceangailte ri chèile.<ref>Rudolf Simek: Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie, duilleagan 90, 73, 217. Foillsichte aig Alfred Kröner, Stuttgart 1984 ISBN 3-520-36801-3</ref><ref>Karl Helm: Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte, Leabhar 2: Die Nachrömische Zeit; pàirt 2: Die Westgermanen. §§ 162 duilleag 277–280. Foillsichte aig Verlag Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1953.</ref> Sgrìobh e: <blockquote> „Eostur-monath, qui nunc paschalis mensis interpretatur, quondam a dea illorum, quae Eostrae vocabatur, et cui in illo festa celebrabant, nomen habuit; a cuius nomine nunc paschale tempus cognominant, consueto antiquae observationis vocabulo gaudia novae solemnitatis vocantes“.<ref>[http://files.libertyfund.org/files/1917/0990.06_Bk_SM.pdf De temporum Ratione], Aonad 15, Beda Venerabilis ann am: Patriologiae cursus completus: Series Latina, leabhar 90, Paris 1862</ref> ''(Eostur-monath has a name which is now translated Paschal month, and which was once called after a goddess of theirs named Eostre, in whose honour feasts were celebrated in that month. Now they designate that Paschal season by her name, calling the joys of the new rite by the time-honoured name of the old observance.)'' </blockquote> Ged nach eil na h-eachdraichean cinnteach idir, idir san latha-diugh an robh ban-dhia le ainm Ostara riamh ann neo nach robh, tha sin a’ sealltainn gun robh tòrr de na seann tràdaiseanan paganach a’ tighinn a-steach don chreideamh Chrìosdail. Dh’atharraich an t-ainm "Ēostra" an uair sin ann an Seann Àrd Ghearmailtis gu ''ôstarun'' agus ann an Seann Bheurla gu ''Ēastre''. Ged a chleachdadh an t-ainm ''pāsche'' timcheall air Köln anns a' Ghearmailt, bha buaidh mhòr le Bonifatius, àrd-easbaig Mhainz, a bha a’ cleachdadh ''ôstaruna'' a-rèir an tràdaisein aige-san. Tro na linntean dh’atharraich am facal a-rithist gu ''Ostern'' anns a' Ghearmailtis agus gu ''Easter'' ann am Beurla. == Cleachdaidhean anns a’ chreideamh Chrìosdail == A-rèir nan eaglaisean Crìosdail tha a' Chàisg a' tòiseachadh tràth sa mhadainn, nuair a chunnaic na boireannaich an uamh fhalamh. Tha e sgrìobhte anns a' [[Bìoball|Bhìoball]]: ''"Agus thàinig iad gu ro mhoch air madainn a’ cheud là de’n t-seachduin chum na h-uaighe, aig éirigh na greine"''. <ref>Marc, caib. XVI , rann 2, Tiomnadh Nuadh, Commun-Bhìobull Dùthchaill na h-Alba, Dùn Èideann agus Glaschu</ref> Mar sin bidh [[aifreann]]an na Càisge a’ tachairt oidhche [[Di-Dòmhnaich]] (uaireannan oidhche Shathairne) neo aig èirigh na grèine Di-Dòmhnaich. Mar as trice thèid teine beag a losgadh air beulaibh na h-[[eaglais]]e, far an losgar [[coinneal]] na Càisge mus tèid an luchd creideamh a-steach dhan eaglais. Le coinneal na Càisge bidh an [[sagart]] a’ coisrigeadh an uisge-choisrigte ùir anns an aifreann. Tha èirigh na greine na phàirt cudthromach ann an tradaisean na Càisge. Anns a’ chreideamh Chrìosdail 's e ìomhaigh a th’ ann gum bi a h-uile duine ag èirigh an dèidh bàis. Tha e a’ nochdadh ann an òrain na h-eaglaise neo ann an dealbhan cuideachd. Ach tha Uan na Càisge, ìomhaigh na Càisge eile, a’ sealltainn a cheangail ris a’ chreideamh Iùdaich. Tha Uan na Càisge a thoirt dhuinn cuimhne air an tradaisean Iùdaich [[uan]] ìobradh aig fèis Phessaich. == Cleachdaidhean tradaiseanta == === Teine na Càisge === [[Faidhle:Osterfeuer.jpg|thumb|right|Teine na Càisge anns a' Ghearmailt]] 'S e turlach mòr a tha ann an "Teine na Càisge" a thèid a losgadh oidhche na Càisge. Tha e gu math cumanta anns [[a' Ghearmailt]], anns [[an Òlaind]], anns [[an Danmhairg]] is anns [[an t-Suain]] agus anns na dùthchannan anns na h-Alpanan. Cruinneachear [[fiodh]], [[craobh]]an, sgudal às na gàrraidhean is seann chraobhan na [[Nollaig]]e agus nithear cruach mhòr. Uaireannan cuirear ban-bhuidseach à sràbh oirre. Bidh muinntir na coimhearsnachd a' coinneachadh ri chèile, mar as trice bidh iad ag òl [[leann]] neo [[fìon]] teth agus bidh rudeigin ri ithe ann cuideachd ([[brot]] neo isbeanan). Uaireannan tha co-fharpais ann eadar na bailtean beaga air feadh nan coimhearsnachdan cò aig a tha a’ chruach as motha. Mar as trice thèid an [[teine]] a losgadh oidhche Shathairne ro Di-Dòmhnaich na Càisge. Ach tha àitichean eile ann far am bi an teine a’ losgadh Di-Dòmhnaich neo Di-Luain na Càisge. Tha an tràidisean gu math sean, tha cladhaichean anns [[an Eilbheis]] agus anns an Damhairg a’ sealltainn gun robh àitichean-teine ann a chaidh a chleachdadh anns an aon dòigh mar aig [[Linn an Uamha]]. Tha na eachdraichean den bheachd gun tàinig an tràdaisean seo bho na seann làithean ron chreidheamh Chrìosdail. Dhèanadh teine airson an samhradh fhuadach agus an sìol a dhìon an aghaidh thaibhsean dona. Chuireadh an [[luath]] air na h-[[Achadh|achaidhean]] an uair sin. Bha na ciad tùsan sgrìobhte mu teine na Càisge a’ nochdadh anns an [[17mh linn]]. Chithear eisimpleir ann an Westfalen, a' Ghearmailt: “''Bha am Bauernschaft Menninghausen'' (coimhearsnachd nan tuathanaich) ''ann an Oelde a’ cumail an "ostara fiur"'' (teine na Càisge ) ''airson "nahgiburo"'' (nàbhaidhean ) ''agus "friuntschaft"'' (caraidean) ''ann an 1664.''” === Ugh na càisge === [[Faidhle:Sorbische Ostereier.jpg|thumb|right|Uighean na Càisge]] 'S e [[ugh]] bruichte a tha ann an ugh na Càisge. Mar as trice thèid a dhathadh, ach uaireannan thèid a sgeadachadh ann an dòigh eile. 'S e tradaisean a tha ann, ugh na Càisge a thoirt do dhuine eile mar ghiftean aig Latha na Càisge. An-diugh bidh na bùthan a’ reic uighean na Càisge à [[seoclaid]] cuideachd. A-rèir tradaisein paganaich 's e ìomhaigh-bheatha a tha ann an ugh na Càisge. Bha agus tha an tràdaisean, uighean a dhathadh, gu math cumanta air feadh na h-[[an Roinn Eòrpa|Eòrpa]]. Bho na [[Meadhan-Aoisean|Meadhan Aoisean]] bhruicheadh na h-uighean aig àm a’ Charghais, air sgàth 's gun robh e toirmisgte an ithe a-rèir a’ chreideimh. Aig an aon àm thòisich na circean uighean a bhreith a-rithist, mar sin bhiodh na tuathanaich a’ bruich nan uighean airson an cumail maireannach. B’ fheudar do na tuathanaich cìs a phàigheadh do na daoine uaisle, aig latha Diardaoin a’ Bhrochain Mhòir, agus bhiodh iad a’ pàigheadh le uighean bruichte (a-measg rudan eile). Nochd a’ chiad ìomradh sgrìobhte anns a’ bliadhna 1682. Sgrìobh an t-Ollamh Georg Franck von Frankenau pìos air an robh an t-ainm "''De ovis paschalibus – von Oster-Eiern''" (mu uighean na Càisge), far an robh e a’ sgrìobhadh mun tràdaisean seo ann an Alsace agus e a’ gearran nach biodh e math idir don t-slàinte cus uighean ithe. === Geàrr na Càisge === A-rèir beul-aithris bidh geàrr na Càisge a’ peantadh uighean is e gan breith anns na nid a chuireas clann anns na taighean neo anns na gàrraidhean. Chan eilear cinnteach carson a tha [[geàrr]] ceangailte ris an tradaisean seo. Tha cuid a’ creidsinn gum b' e an t-ugh agus an geàrr ìomhaighean Ostara, tha feadhainn eile ag ràdh gur e dìreach ìomhaigh-bheatha às an tradaisean phaganach a th’ ann an geàrr. Chithear cuideachd nach eil an geàrr cumanta anns a h-uile àite. Bho thùs chleachdadh beathaichean eile cuideachd. Anns an Eilbheis b’ e an [[cuthag]] a chuir na h-uighean anns na nid, anns a’ Ghearmailt, ann an Westfalen b’ e an [[sionnach]] a dhèanadh sin agus ann am Bohemia b’ e a’ [[cearc|chearc]] a rinn an obair sin. === Eile === [[Faidhle:Sorben-Osterreiter-Panschwitz-Kuckau.jpg|thumb|right|Marcachd na Càisge ann an Oberlausitz]] Ged ’s e sin na cleachdaidhean as cumanta, tha mòran eile dhiubh ann a tha a’ buntainn do ghach àite fhèin. Seo dìreach eisimpleir às an Oberlausitz: * 'S e seann tràdaisean Sorbach a tha ann an ''Osterreiten'' (Marcachd na Càisge) a tha gu math cumanta an seo. Bidh na fir Caitligeach a’ marcachd bhon bhaile aca fhèin gu eaglais an ath-bhaile Di-Dòmhaich na Càisge. An uair sin bidh aifreann an sin. Anns a’ bhliadhna 2007 bha timcheall air 1700 marcach a’ gabhail pàirt anns an tachartas seo.<ref>Schorch, Marén: "Rituelle und symbolische Inszenierung von Zugehörigkeit. Das sorbische Osterreiten in der Oberlausitz", ann an: Herbert Willems (foillsichear): Theatralisierung der Gesellschaft. Band 1: Soziologische Theorie und Zeitdiagnose, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009, duilleag 331-354.</ref> B’ e tradaisean paganach a bha ann, b’ àbhaist do na marcaich a mharcachd timcheall air na h-achaidhean aca airson “taibhsean a’ gheamhraidh” fhuadach. * Bidh ''Ostereierschieben'' (Gluasad ugh na Càisge) ann am [[Bautzen]] Di-Dòmhnaich na Càisge. A-rèir an tràdaisein a tha nas sine na 400 bliadhna b’ àbhaist do na daoine uaisle uighean a chur car mu char sìos beinn Phrotschenberg, far am biodh clann bhochd a’ feitheamh riutha. 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