Psychiatry.org - Expert Q&A: Dissociative Disorders

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aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="c-sidebar-accordion">Sub Navigation <span class="moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span></button> <ul id="c-sidebar-accordion" class="c-sidebar-accordion"> <li class="active"> <h2><a href="/patients-families/dissociative-disorders">Dissociative Disorders</a></h2> <button aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="sidebar-links-list-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle Dissociative Disorders Page Listing</span> <span class="moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> <ul id="sidebar-links-list-1"> <li class=""> <a href="/patients-families/dissociative-disorders/what-are-dissociative-disorders">What Are Dissociative Disorders? </a> </li> <li class="current"> <a aria-current="page" href="/patients-families/dissociative-disorders/expert-q-and-a">Expert Q&A: Dissociative Disorders <span class="moon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </aside> <article class="c-article--main col xs12 l9 u-mb--0"> <h1 class="h2 ">Expert Q&A: Dissociative Disorders</h1> <div id="divFAQ" class="c-article__body--h2 c-article__body--h2--blue"> <section class="u-mb--spacer"> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h2 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="5297" aria-controls="panel-5297" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> Can people actually have “multiple personalities” or a “split personality”? </button> </h2> <div id="panel-5297" class="c-ada-accordion--panel" style="display: block;"><p>Dissociative identity disorder involves a lack of connection among a person’s sense of identity, memory and consciousness. People with this disorder do not have more than one personality but rather less than one personality. (The name was changed recently from ‘multiple personality disorder’ to ‘dissociative identity disorder.’) This disorder usually arises in response to physical and sexual abuse in childhood as a means of surviving mistreatment by people who should be nurturing and protecting.</p></div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h2 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="5298" aria-controls="panel-5298" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> Are people with dissociative identity disorder often misdiagnosed? </button> </h2> <div id="panel-5298" class="c-ada-accordion--panel" style="display: block;"><p>Yes. They are sometimes misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia, because their belief that they have different identities could be interpreted as a delusion. They sometimes experience dissociated identities as auditory hallucinations (hearing voices). Their symptoms do not improve with antipsychotic medication, but the emotions they display get flatter. This can leading to the mistaken belief that they have schizophrenia and to further ineffective increases in medication. Another common misdiagnosis is borderline personality disorder. People with dissociative identity disorder frequently also have depression.</p></div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h2 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="5299" aria-controls="panel-5299" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> What symptoms would family members see if a person had dissociative identity disorder? Can friends/family members tell when a person with dissociative identity disorder “switches”? </button> </h2> <div id="panel-5299" class="c-ada-accordion--panel" style="display: block;"><p>You may notice sudden changes in mood and behavior. People with dissociative identity disorder may forget or deny saying or doing things that family members witnessed. Family members can usually tell when a person “switches.” The transitions can be sudden and startling. The person may go from being fearful, dependent and excessively apologetic to being angry and domineering. He or she may report not remembering something they said or did just minutes earlier.</p> </div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h2 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="5300" aria-controls="panel-5300" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> Once a person is being treated for a dissociative disorder, how can family members best support and help them? </button> </h2> <div id="panel-5300" class="c-ada-accordion--panel" style="display: block;"><p>Be open and accepting in your responses. Do not ‘take sides’ with one or another component of their identity. Rather view them as portions of the person as a whole. We are all different in different situations, but we see this as different sides of ourselves. Try to maintain that perspective with the person with dissociative disorder. Also, help them to protect themselves from any trauma, abuse, or self harm.</p> </div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h2 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="5301" aria-controls="panel-5301" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> Can dissociative disorders go away without treatment? </button> </h2> <div id="panel-5301" class="c-ada-accordion--panel" style="display: block;"><p>They can, but they usually do not. Typically those with dissociative identity disorder experience symptoms for six years or more before being correctly diagnosed and treated.</p></div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h2 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="5302" aria-controls="panel-5302" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> Is dissociation really a disorder or a coping mechanism? </button> </h2> <div id="panel-5302" class="c-ada-accordion--panel" style="display: block;"><p>Dissociation is a common coping mechanism, especially in the face of trauma. Many rape victims experience the crime as though they were floating above their bodies, feeling sorry for the person beneath them. Many of us find ways to detach ourselves from painful or unpleasant experiences.</p> <p>However, people typically restore their usual perspective over time. Those with dissociative disorders experience persistent amnesia, depersonalization, derealization or fragmentation of identity that actually interferes with the normal process of working through and putting into perspective traumatic or stressful experiences.</p></div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="o-wrapper o-wrapper--widget "> <div class="row u-mb--0"> <div class="col c-col--main xs12 u-mb--0"> <div class="c-card c-author-pod"> <p class="c-author__label">Content Author</p> <div class="c-author__img-content"> <div class="c-author__img__hold"> <div class="c-author__img"> <img src="/getmedia/315f277d-a404-4e07-aa7e-5ab52ca71cb6/spiegel-expert.jpg?width=250&height=250&ext=.jpg" alt="David Spiegel, M.D. "> </div> </div> <div class="c-author__content"> <h3 class="h4 u-mb--1">David Spiegel, M.D. </h3> <p>Professor and Associate Chair of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences<br /> Director, Center on Stress and Health<br /> Medical Director, Center for Integrative Medicine<br /> Stanford 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href="/patients-families/climate-change-and-mental-health-connections/who-is-affected-by-climate-change" class="last-focusable-element">Who Is Affected by Climate Change?</a></li> </ul> <ul id="2604-menu" class="ada-menu"> <li> <button class="back-button" data-parentid="913-menu"> <span class="moon-chevron-left--light" aria-hidden="true"></span> Back </button> </li> <li><a href="/patients-families/depression" ><strong>Depression</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression">What Is Depression?</a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/depression/expert-q-and-a" class="last-focusable-element">Expert Q&A: Depression</a></li> </ul> <ul id="4877-menu" class="ada-menu"> <li> <button class="back-button" data-parentid="913-menu"> <span class="moon-chevron-left--light" aria-hidden="true"></span> Back </button> </li> <li><a href="/patients-families/disruptive-impulse-control-and-conduct-disorders" ><strong>Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/disruptive-impulse-control-and-conduct-disorders/what-are-disruptive-impulse-control-and-conduct">What are Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders?</a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/disruptive-impulse-control-and-conduct-disorders/expert-q-and-a" class="last-focusable-element">Expert Q&A: Disruptive, Impulse Control and Conduct Disorders</a></li> </ul> <ul id="5293-menu" class="ada-menu"> <li> <button class="back-button" data-parentid="913-menu"> <span class="moon-chevron-left--light" aria-hidden="true"></span> Back </button> </li> <li><a href="/patients-families/dissociative-disorders" ><strong>Dissociative Disorders</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/dissociative-disorders/what-are-dissociative-disorders">What Are Dissociative Disorders?</a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/dissociative-disorders/expert-q-and-a" class="last-focusable-element">Expert Q&A: Dissociative Disorders</a></li> 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class="last-focusable-element">Expert Q&A: Gambling Disorder</a></li> </ul> <ul id="5090-menu" class="ada-menu"> <li> <button class="back-button" data-parentid="913-menu"> <span class="moon-chevron-left--light" aria-hidden="true"></span> Back </button> </li> <li><a href="/patients-families/gender-dysphoria" ><strong>Gender Dysphoria</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/gender-dysphoria/what-is-gender-dysphoria">What is Gender Dysphoria?</a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/gender-dysphoria/expert-q-and-a" class="last-focusable-element">Expert Q&A: Gender Dysphoria</a></li> </ul> <ul id="5103-menu" class="ada-menu"> <li> <button class="back-button" data-parentid="913-menu"> <span class="moon-chevron-left--light" aria-hidden="true"></span> Back </button> </li> <li><a href="/patients-families/hoarding-disorder" ><strong>Hoarding Disorder</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/patients-families/hoarding-disorder/what-is-hoarding-disorder">What is Hoarding Disorder?</a></li> 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