General-purpose machine family for Compute Engine | Compute Engine Documentation

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href="/compute/docs/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Product overview</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Virtual machine instances</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Instance groups</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine type families</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-resource" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-resource" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-resource" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine resource guide</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/general-purpose-machines" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>General-purpose machines</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/storage-optimized-machines" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/storage-optimized-machines" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/storage-optimized-machines" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Storage-optimized machines</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/compute-optimized-machines" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/compute-optimized-machines" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/compute-optimized-machines" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Compute-optimized machines</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/memory-optimized-machines" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/memory-optimized-machines" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/memory-optimized-machines" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Memory-optimized machines</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/accelerator-optimized-machines" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/accelerator-optimized-machines" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/accelerator-optimized-machines" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerator-optimized machines</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/coremark-scores-of-vm-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/coremark-scores-of-vm-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/coremark-scores-of-vm-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>CoreMark scores of VM instances by family</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/cpu-platforms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>CPU platforms</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPUs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About GPUs on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPU machine types</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Regions and zones</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/regions-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/regions-zones" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About regions and zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-regions-zones" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPU regions and zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones/global-regional-zonal-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/regions-zones/global-regional-zonal-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/regions-zones/global-regional-zonal-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Global, regional, and zonal resources</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones/zone-virtualization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/regions-zones/zone-virtualization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/regions-zones/zone-virtualization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Zone virtualization</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get started</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Plan and prepare</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with regions and zones</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones/viewing-regions-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/regions-zones/viewing-regions-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/regions-zones/viewing-regions-zones" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View available regions and zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones/changing-default-zone-region" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/regions-zones/changing-default-zone-region" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/regions-zones/changing-default-zone-region" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change the default region or zone</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review VM deployment options</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/choose-compute-deployment-option" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/choose-compute-deployment-option" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/choose-compute-deployment-option" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a deployment strategy</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/about-vm-tenancy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/about-vm-tenancy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/about-vm-tenancy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About VM tenancy</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Arm VMs on Compute</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/robustsystems" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/robustsystems" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/robustsystems" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Design resilient systems</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/network-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/network-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/network-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Networking overview for VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Images and operating systems</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>OS images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About OS images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/os-details" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/os-details" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Operating system details</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/os-image-lifecycle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/os-image-lifecycle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/os-image-lifecycle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>OS image lifecycle</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/support-maintenance-policy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/support-maintenance-policy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/support-maintenance-policy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Support policy</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Premium operating systems</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/rhel-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>RHEL FAQ</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/sles-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/sles-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/sles-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SLES FAQ</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Ubuntu Pro FAQ</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft Licensing on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/ms-licensing-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft licenses FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>License Manager</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/lima-audit-logging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/lima-audit-logging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/lima-audit-logging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View audit logs</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access control</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access control overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/managing-access-to-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/managing-access-to-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/managing-access-to-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage access to Compute Engine resources</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/access/custom-constraints" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/custom-constraints" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/custom-constraints" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage resources by using custom constraints</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/iam" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/iam" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/iam" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>IAM roles and permissions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/service-accounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/service-accounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/service-accounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Service accounts</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/naming-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/naming-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/naming-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Name resources</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Quickstarts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/create-linux-vm-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Linux VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/create-windows-server-vm-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/create-windows-server-vm-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/create-windows-server-vm-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Windows Server VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/quickstart-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/quickstart-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/quickstart-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a managed instance group</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-start-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and start a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/create-enable-service-accounts-for-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM that uses a user-managed service account</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-similar-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-similar-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-similar-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM similar to an existing VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/custom-hostname-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/custom-hostname-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/custom-hostname-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM with a custom hostname</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM with a custom machine type</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-instance-template" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-instance-template" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-vm-from-instance-template" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM from an instance template</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM that has attached GPUs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-vm-with-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-vm-with-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-vm-with-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerator-optimized VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-accelerator-optimized" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-accelerator-optimized" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-accelerator-optimized" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an accelerator-optimized VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpudirect" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpudirect" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpudirect" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an A3 VM with GPUDirect-TCPX enabled</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-general-purpose" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-general-purpose" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-general-purpose" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an N1 VM that has attached GPUs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage Windows Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/creating-sql-server-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/creating-sql-server-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/creating-sql-server-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create SQL Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-rhel-byos-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-rhel-byos-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-rhel-byos-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM using a RHEL BYOS image</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-hpc-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-hpc-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-hpc-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create an HPC-ready VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Spot VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Spot VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/spot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/spot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Spot VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-spot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and use Spot VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Preemptible VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-unsupported"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/preemptible" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/preemptible" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/preemptible" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About preemptible VMs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="unsupported" data-title="No longer supported" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-unsupported"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-use-preemptible" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and use preemptible VMs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="unsupported" data-title="No longer supported" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Specify a minimum CPU platform for a VM</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/building-custom-os" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/building-custom-os" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/building-custom-os" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Requirements to build custom images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/create-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/create-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/create-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/creating-custom-windows-byol-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/creating-custom-windows-byol-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/creating-custom-windows-byol-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom Windows BYOL base images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-os-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-os-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-os-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create custom Windows Server images</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage instance templates</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About instance templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates/create-instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create instance templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/deterministic-instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates/deterministic-instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates/deterministic-instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deterministic instance templates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-templates/get-list-delete-instance-templates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-templates/get-list-delete-instance-templates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-templates/get-list-delete-instance-templates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get, list, and delete instance templates</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create multiple VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a managed instance group (MIG)</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-managed-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-managed-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-managed-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Basic scenarios for creating MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-zonal-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-zonal-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-zonal-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG in a single zone</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/distributing-instances-with-regional-instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/distributing-instances-with-regional-instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/distributing-instances-with-regional-instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG in multiple zones in a region</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-multiple-machine-types" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-multiple-machine-types" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-multiple-machine-types" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with multiple machine types</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-from-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-from-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-from-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG from an existing VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with autoscaling</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-preemptible-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-preemptible-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-preemptible-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with preemptible VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-gpu-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-gpu-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-gpu-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with GPU VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-stateful-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-stateful-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-mig-with-basic-stateful-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a MIG with stateful configuration</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bulk creation of VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/about-bulk-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/multiple/about-bulk-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/about-bulk-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About bulk creation of VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/create-in-bulk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/multiple/create-in-bulk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/multiple/create-in-bulk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create VMs in bulk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-bulk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-bulk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/create-gpu-vm-bulk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create GPU VMs in bulk</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create sole-tenant VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sole-tenancy overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/provisioning-sole-tenant-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/provisioning-sole-tenant-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/provisioning-sole-tenant-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Provision a sole-tenant VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-advanced-maintenance-control" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-advanced-maintenance-control" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-advanced-maintenance-control" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Advanced maintenance control for sole-tenant nodes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sole-tenancy best practices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-accounting-faq" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-accounting-faq" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenancy-accounting-faq" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Sole-tenancy accounting FAQ</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual workstation</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About creating virtual workstations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Linux workstation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Windows workstation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/linux-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Linux workstation with an attached GPU</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/virtual-workstation/windows-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a virtual Windows workstation with an attached GPU</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use nested virtualization</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About nested virtualization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/managing-constraint" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/managing-constraint" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/managing-constraint" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage the nested virtualization constraint</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/enabling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/enabling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/enabling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable nested virtualization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/creating-nested-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/creating-nested-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/creating-nested-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create nested VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable virtual displays on a VM</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage VM boot disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/detach-reattach-boot-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/detach-reattach-boot-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/detach-reattach-boot-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detach and reattach a boot disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-root-persistent-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-root-persistent-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-root-persistent-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a customized boot disk</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a migration path</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/bringing-your-own-licenses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/bringing-your-own-licenses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/bringing-your-own-licenses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Bring your own licenses</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import disks and images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/requirements-export-import-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/requirements-export-import-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/requirements-export-import-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prerequisites for importing and exporting VM images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automatic import</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/importing-virtual-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/importing-virtual-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/importing-virtual-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import virtual disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/import-ovf-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/import-ovf-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/import-ovf-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import virtual appliances</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/import-aws-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/import-aws-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/import-aws-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import images from AWS</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manual import</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/import-existing-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/import-existing-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/import-existing-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually import boot disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/configuring-imported-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/configuring-imported-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/configuring-imported-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually configure imported disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/creating-an-image-from-an-iso-file" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/creating-an-image-from-an-iso-file" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/creating-an-image-from-an-iso-file" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a persistent disk image from an ISO file</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move a VM within Google Cloud</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/moving-instance-across-zones" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/moving-instance-across-zones" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/moving-instance-across-zones" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move a VM between zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/migrating-interfaces-between-networks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/migrating-interfaces-between-networks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/migrating-interfaces-between-networks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate a VM between networks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/copy-vm-between-projects" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/copy-vm-between-projects" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/copy-vm-between-projects" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Copy VMs between projects</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Move an existing VM to a new VM</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About SSH connections</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linux VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/standard-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect through internal IP addresses</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-internal-ip" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connection options for internal-only VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-iap" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-iap" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-iap" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using IAP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-bastion-host" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-bastion-host" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-bastion-host" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using a bastion host</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-vpn" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-vpn" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-using-vpn" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using Cloud VPN</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/root-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/root-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/root-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect as the root user</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/set-up-service-account-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/set-up-service-account-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/set-up-service-account-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect using service accounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/service-account-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/service-account-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/service-account-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure apps to use SSH</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/solutions/connecting-securely" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /solutions/connecting-securely" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/solutions/connecting-securely" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Securely connect to VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using RDP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-sac" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-sac" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/connecting-to-sac" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using the SAC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/windows-ssh" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/windows-ssh" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/windows-ssh" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using SSH</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/connecting-powershell" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/connecting-powershell" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/connecting-powershell" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Connect to Windows VMs using PowerShell</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage access to VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Linux VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/access-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/access-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/access-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose an access management method</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About OS Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/set-up-oslogin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/set-up-oslogin" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/set-up-oslogin" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up OS Login</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/security-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/security-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/security-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable security keys with OS Login</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/manage-oslogin-in-an-org" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/manage-oslogin-in-an-org" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/manage-oslogin-in-an-org" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage OS Login in an organization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/oslogin/view-audit-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/oslogin/view-audit-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/oslogin/view-audit-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor OS Login audit logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/permissions-tutorial" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/permissions-tutorial" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/permissions-tutorial" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure granular access within VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/generating-credentials" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage accounts and credentials on Windows VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/automate-pw-generation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/automate-pw-generation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/automate-pw-generation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automate Windows password generation</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually manage SSH keys</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/create-ssh-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create SSH keys</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/add-ssh-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add SSH keys to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/restrict-ssh-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/restrict-ssh-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/restrict-ssh-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restrict SSH keys from VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for securing SSH access</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/network-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/network-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/network-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control network access</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/login-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/login-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/login-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Control SSH login access</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/credentials" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/credentials" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/credentials" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protect SSH credentials</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/auditing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/auditing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/connect/ssh-best-practices/auditing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Audit SSH access</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tag-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tag-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tag-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage tags for resources</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to or from a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>IP addresses</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Internal DNS</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/internal-dns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/internal-dns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/internal-dns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview of internal DNS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-internal-dns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/using-internal-dns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/using-internal-dns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access VMs using internal DNS names</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/zonal-dns" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/zonal-dns" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/zonal-dns" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use zonal DNS</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-ptr-record" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-ptr-record" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-ptr-record" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a PTR record for a VM</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/verifying-instance-identity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/verifying-instance-identity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/verifying-instance-identity" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Verify VM identity</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage storage</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a storage option</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Hyperdisk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/storage-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/storage-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/storage-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Hyperdisk Storage Pools</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/persistent-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extreme Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/local-ssd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Local SSD disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure storage pools</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-storage-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-storage-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-storage-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a storage pool</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/manage-storage-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/manage-storage-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/manage-storage-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage storage pools</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add disks to VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/use-storage-pool-capacity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/use-storage-pool-capacity" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/use-storage-pool-capacity" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add disks from a storage pool to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/add-local-ssd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a VM with Local SSD disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/add-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/add-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/add-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a new Hyperdisk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a new Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/sharing-disks-between-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/sharing-disks-between-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/sharing-disks-between-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Share a disk between VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/attach-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/attach-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/attach-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Attach a disk to a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/mount-ram-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/mount-ram-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/mount-ram-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Mount in-memory RAM disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prepare disks for use</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Format and mount a non-boot disk on Linux</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/format-mount-disk-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Format and prepare a non-boot disk on Windows</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access disks attached to a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/set-persistent-device-name-in-linux-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/set-persistent-device-name-in-linux-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/set-persistent-device-name-in-linux-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practice: Use persistent device names</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/disk-symlinks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/disk-symlinks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/disk-symlinks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Symbolic links to disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer data to disks attached to a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/transfer-files-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Transfer files to Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Encrypt disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/disk-encryption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/disk-encryption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/disk-encryption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About disk encryption</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/customer-supplied-encryption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/customer-supplied-encryption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/customer-supplied-encryption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Encrypt disks with customer-supplied encryption keys</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/customer-managed-encryption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Help protect resources by using Cloud KMS keys</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/modify-hyperdisks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/modify-hyperdisks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/modify-hyperdisks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify Hyperdisk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/migrate-to-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/migrate-to-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/migrate-to-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change the disk type</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/resize-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Increase the size of a Persistent Disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/modify-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/modify-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/modify-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify a Persistent Disk</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Evaluate disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure disks to meet performance requirements</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/review-storage-pool-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/review-storage-pool-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/review-storage-pool-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review storage pool metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/review-disk-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review disk performance metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/analyze-iops-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/analyze-iops-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/analyze-iops-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze provisioned IOPS and throughput</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmark-hyperdisk-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmark-hyperdisk-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmark-hyperdisk-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Hyperdisk performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Persistent Disk performance on a Linux VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-pd-performance-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Persistent Disk performance on a Windows VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/benchmarking-local-ssd-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark Local SSD performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Make disks highly available</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Persistent Disk Asynchronous Replication</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/about" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/about" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Persistent Disk Asynchronous Replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/configure" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/configure" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/configure" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-replication" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-replication" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-replication" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/failover-failback" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/failover-failback" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/failover-failback" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Failover and failback disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-async-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-async-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-async-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage asynchronous disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-consistency-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-consistency-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/manage-consistency-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage consistency groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/async-pd/performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/async-pd/performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Review performance metrics</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-zonal synchronous disk replication</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/about-regional-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/about-regional-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/about-regional-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About synchronous disk replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build high availability services using synchronous disk replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/regional-persistent-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/regional-persistent-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/regional-persistent-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage synchronously replicated disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/repd-failover" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/repd-failover" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/repd-failover" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage failures for synchronous disk replication</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/design-considerations-for-resilient-workloads-with-regional-persistent-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/design-considerations-for-resilient-workloads-with-regional-persistent-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/design-considerations-for-resilient-workloads-with-regional-persistent-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Design considerations for resilient workloads with replicated disks</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up and restore</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/data-protection" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/data-protection" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/data-protection" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Data protection options</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-machine-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images/create-machine-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-machine-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create machine images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images/import-machine-from-virtual-appliance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images/import-machine-from-virtual-appliance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images/import-machine-from-virtual-appliance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Import machine images from virtual appliances</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up a disk in place</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/instant-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/instant-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/instant-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About instant snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-instant-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-instant-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-instant-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage instant snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/convert-instant-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/convert-instant-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/convert-instant-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Copy an instant snapshot to a different location</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Back up a disk for disaster recovery</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/snapshot-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-settings" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/snapshot-settings" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/snapshot-settings" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set default storage location using snapshot settings</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage disk snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create application consistent snapshots</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/creating-linux-application-consistent-pd-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/creating-linux-application-consistent-pd-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/creating-linux-application-consistent-pd-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Linux application consistent snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-windows-persistent-disk-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a Windows disk snapshot (VSS snapshots)</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule disk backups</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/about-snapshot-schedules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/about-snapshot-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/about-snapshot-schedules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About snapshot schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create snapshot schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshot-schedules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshot-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/manage-snapshot-schedules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage snapshot schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/create-alert-snapshot-schedule" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/create-alert-snapshot-schedule" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/create-alert-snapshot-schedule" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure alerts for snapshot schedules</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/clone-duplicate-disks" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Duplicate a disk with clones</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restore from a backup</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-instance-from-machine-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/machine-images/create-instance-from-machine-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/machine-images/create-instance-from-machine-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create VMs from machine images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/restore-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/restore-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/restore-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restore from a standard snapshot</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/restore-instant-snapshot" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/restore-instant-snapshot" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/restore-instant-snapshot" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Restore from an instant snapshot</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/recover-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/recover-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/recover-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Recover a VM with a corrupted or full disk</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage VMs</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Basic operations and lifecycle</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/instance-life-cycle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/instance-life-cycle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/instance-life-cycle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>VM instance lifecycle</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/stop-start-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Stop or restart a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/suspend-resume-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/suspend-resume-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/suspend-resume-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Suspend or resume a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule VM operations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/schedule-instance-start-stop" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/schedule-instance-start-stop" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/schedule-instance-start-stop" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule a VM to start and stop</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/limit-vm-runtime" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/limit-vm-runtime" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/limit-vm-runtime" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Limit the run time of a VM</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View VM properties</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/detect-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/detect-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/detect-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Detect if a VM is running in Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/get-list" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/get-list" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/get-list" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get a list of VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-details" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-vm-details" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-details" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get the details of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/get-uuid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/get-uuid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/get-uuid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get the UUID of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-vm-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-vm-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View the source image of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-references-between-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-references-between-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-references-between-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View referrers to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-ip-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-ip-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-ip-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Locate IP addresses for a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-visible-cores" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-visible-cores" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-visible-cores" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View the number of visible CPU cores</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update VM details</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/rename-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/rename-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/rename-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rename a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update VM properties</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/changing-machine-type-of-stopped-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Edit the machine type of a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/add-remove-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/add-remove-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/add-remove-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add or remove GPUs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/change-service-account" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/change-service-account" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/change-service-account" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change the attached service account</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update the physical location of a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About placement policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/use-spread-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/use-spread-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/use-spread-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and apply spread placement policies to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View placement policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/manage-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/manage-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/manage-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Remove or delete placement policies</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure IP addresses</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-external-ip-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-external-ip-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-external-ip-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure static external IP addresses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-internal-ip-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-internal-ip-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-static-internal-ip-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure static internal IP addresses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-ipv6-address" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-ipv6-address" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/ip-addresses/configure-ipv6-address" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure IPv6 for instances and instance templates</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/deleting-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/deleting-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/deleting-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete a VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/preventing-accidental-vm-deletion" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/preventing-accidental-vm-deletion" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/preventing-accidental-vm-deletion" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Prevent accidental VM deletion</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/updating-vm-tenancy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/updating-vm-tenancy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/updating-vm-tenancy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Update VM tenancy</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage groups of VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/working-with-managed-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/working-with-managed-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/working-with-managed-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with managed VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/getting-info-about-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/getting-info-about-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/getting-info-about-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View info about MIGs and managed instances</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/add-remove-vms-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/add-remove-vms-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/add-remove-vms-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add or remove VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/limit-vm-runtime-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/limit-vm-runtime-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/limit-vm-runtime-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Limit the run time of VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add GPU VMs all at once in a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-resize-requests-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/about-resize-requests-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-resize-requests-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About resize requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-resize-requests-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/create-resize-requests-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/create-resize-requests-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create resize requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manage-resize-requests-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/manage-resize-requests-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manage-resize-requests-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View, cancel, or delete resize requests</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure instance flexibility in a MIG</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-instance-flexibility" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/about-instance-flexibility" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-instance-flexibility" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About instance flexibility</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configure-instance-flexibility" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configure-instance-flexibility" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configure-instance-flexibility" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add instance flexibility</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-instance-flexibility-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/view-instance-flexibility-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-instance-flexibility-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View instance flexibility configuration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/change-or-remove-instance-flexibility-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/change-or-remove-instance-flexibility-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/change-or-remove-instance-flexibility-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Change or remove instance flexibility</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distribute VMs across zones in a regional MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About regional MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-distribution-shape" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-distribution-shape" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-distribution-shape" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About target distribution shape</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-set-target-distribution-shape" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-set-target-distribution-shape" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-set-target-distribution-shape" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set a target distribution for VMs across zones</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-enable-disable-proactive-redistribution" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-enable-disable-proactive-redistribution" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-enable-disable-proactive-redistribution" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disable and reenable proactive instance redistribution</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-rebalance-manually" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-rebalance-manually" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-rebalance-manually" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually rebalance a regional MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-simulate-zonal-outage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-simulate-zonal-outage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/regional-mig-simulate-zonal-outage" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Simulate a zone outage for a regional MIG</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Work with suspended and stopped VMs in a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/suspended-and-stopped-vms-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/suspended-and-stopped-vms-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/suspended-and-stopped-vms-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manually-suspend-or-stop-vms-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/manually-suspend-or-stop-vms-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/manually-suspend-or-stop-vms-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually suspend or stop VMs in a MIG</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/accelerate-mig-scale-out-with-standby-pools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/accelerate-mig-scale-out-with-standby-pools" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/accelerate-mig-scale-out-with-standby-pools" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerate scale out with suspended and stopped VMs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply new VM configurations in a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About applying new VM configurations to VMs in a MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/rolling-out-updates-to-managed-instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/rolling-out-updates-to-managed-instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/rolling-out-updates-to-managed-instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Automatically apply VM configuration updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-selected-instances-in-a-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-selected-instances-in-a-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/updating-selected-instances-in-a-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Selectively apply VM configuration updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/update-on-repair" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/update-on-repair" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/update-on-repair" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply configuration updates during repairs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/set-mig-aic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/set-mig-aic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/set-mig-aic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Override instance template properties with an all-instances configuration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/upgrading-images-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/upgrading-images-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/upgrading-images-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform one-click OS image upgrades</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Maintain high availability during VM failures</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-repair" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/about-repair" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/about-repair" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About repairing VMs for high availability</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Repair a VM when an application fails</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/autohealing-instances-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up an application-based health check and autohealing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/monitoring-managed-instance-health-state-changes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/monitoring-managed-instance-health-state-changes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/monitoring-managed-instance-health-state-changes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor VM health state changes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/disabling-and-enabling-health-state-change-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/disabling-and-enabling-health-state-change-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/disabling-and-enabling-health-state-change-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disable and enable health state change logs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/turn-off-vm-repairs-in-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/turn-off-vm-repairs-in-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/turn-off-vm-repairs-in-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Turn off repairs in a MIG</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Support a stateful workload with a MIG</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/stateful-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/stateful-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/stateful-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About stateful MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful MIGs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure a stateful MIG</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-disks-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-disks-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-disks-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful persistent disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-metadata-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-metadata-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-metadata-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-ip-addresses-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-ip-addresses-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/configuring-stateful-ip-addresses-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure stateful IP addresses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/applying-viewing-removing-stateful-config-in-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/applying-viewing-removing-stateful-config-in-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/applying-viewing-removing-stateful-config-in-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply, view, and remove stateful configuration</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/how-stateful-migs-work" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/how-stateful-migs-work" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/how-stateful-migs-work" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How stateful MIGs work</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/preserved-state" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/preserved-state" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/preserved-state" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How operations affect preserved state</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Group VMs together</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/migrate-workload-to-stateful-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/migrate-workload-to-stateful-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/migrate-workload-to-stateful-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate an existing workload to a stateful managed instance group</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-unmanaged-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-unmanaged-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/creating-groups-of-unmanaged-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Group unmanaged VMs together</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/delete-mig" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/delete-mig" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/delete-mig" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete a MIG</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Host maintenance events</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/host-maintenance-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About host events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/live-migration-process" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/live-migration-process" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/live-migration-process" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Live migration process</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/setting-vm-host-options" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/setting-vm-host-options" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/setting-vm-host-options" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set the host maintenance policy</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/getting-live-migration-notice" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/getting-live-migration-notice" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/getting-live-migration-notice" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Query metadata server for notices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/simulating-host-maintenance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/simulating-host-maintenance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/simulating-host-maintenance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Simulate a host maintenance event</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-host-maintenance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpu-host-maintenance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-host-maintenance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Handle GPU host maintenance events</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/monitor-plan-host-maintenance-event" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/monitor-plan-host-maintenance-event" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/monitor-plan-host-maintenance-event" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor and plan for a host maintenance event</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/trigger-host-maintenance-event" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/trigger-host-maintenance-event" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/trigger-host-maintenance-event" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually start host maintenance</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage metadata</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About VM metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/predefined-metadata-keys" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/predefined-metadata-keys" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/predefined-metadata-keys" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Predefined metadata keys</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/setting-custom-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/setting-custom-metadata" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/setting-custom-metadata" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set and remove custom metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/querying-metadata" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/querying-metadata" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/querying-metadata" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and query VM metadata</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/metadata/manage-guest-attributes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/metadata/manage-guest-attributes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/metadata/manage-guest-attributes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set and query guest attributes</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Securing VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/about-shielded-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/about-shielded-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/about-shielded-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Shielded VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/about-confidential-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/about-confidential-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/about-confidential-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Confidential VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/protecting-resources-vpc-service-controls" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/protecting-resources-vpc-service-controls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/protecting-resources-vpc-service-controls" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Protect resources with VPC Service Controls</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage operating systems</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Guest environment</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/guest-environment" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/guest-environment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/guest-environment" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About the guest environment</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/install-guest-environment" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install the guest environment</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/vm-manager" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/vm-manager" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/vm-manager" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage operating systems using VM Manager</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage OS images</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/image-management-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/image-management-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/image-management-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Image management best practices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/image-families-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/image-families-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/image-families-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Image families best practices</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/access-rhel-knowledgebase" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/access-rhel-knowledgebase" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/access-rhel-knowledgebase" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Access Red Hat Knowledgebase</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/managing-access-custom-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/managing-access-custom-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/managing-access-custom-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage access to custom images</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/restricting-image-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/restricting-image-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/restricting-image-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up trusted image policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/export-image" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/export-image" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/export-image" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Export a custom image to Cloud Storage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/set-version-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/set-version-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/set-version-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set image versions in an image family</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/deprecate-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/deprecate-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/deprecate-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deprecate a custom image</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/images/delete-custom" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/delete-custom" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/delete-custom" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete a custom image</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/artifact-registry-os-packages" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/artifact-registry-os-packages" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/artifact-registry-os-packages" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage OS packages</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage licenses</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/licenses/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/licenses/about" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/licenses/about" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About licenses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/licenses/view-append" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/licenses/view-append" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/licenses/view-append" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and append licenses</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel/appending-els-licenses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/rhel/appending-els-licenses" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/rhel/appending-els-licenses" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Append RHEL ELS licenses</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro/upgrade-from-ubuntu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro/upgrade-from-ubuntu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/images/premium/ubuntu-pro/upgrade-from-ubuntu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade from Ubuntu to Ubuntu Pro</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use startup scripts</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Startup scripts overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use startup scripts on Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/startup-scripts/windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use startup scripts on Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/shutdownscript" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/shutdownscript" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/shutdownscript" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run shutdown scripts</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configure-ntp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configure-ntp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configure-ntp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure NTP</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/enabling-virtio-rng" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/enabling-virtio-rng" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/enabling-virtio-rng" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable the virtual random number generator (Virtio RNG)</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy workloads</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up authentication for workloads</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/app-authentication-methods" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/app-authentication-methods" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/app-authentication-methods" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Choose a workload authentication method</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authenticate workloads to Google Cloud API using service accounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads-over-mtls" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads-over-mtls" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/access/authenticate-workloads-over-mtls" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Authenticate workloads to other workloads over mTLS</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Web servers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-apache" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-apache" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-apache" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy an Apache server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-iis" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-iis" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/basic-webserver-iis" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy an IIS server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/docs/terraform/get-started-with-terraform" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /docs/terraform/get-started-with-terraform" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/docs/terraform/get-started-with-terraform" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy a Flask server by using Terraform</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Applications</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="https://console.cloud.google.com/getting-started?walkthrough_tutorial_id=compute_quickstart" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://console.cloud.google.com/getting-started?walkthrough_tutorial_id=compute_quickstart" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://console.cloud.google.com/getting-started?walkthrough_tutorial_id=compute_quickstart" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Interactive: Build a to-do app with MongoDB</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/deploy-aspnet-app" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/deploy-aspnet-app" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/deploy-aspnet-app" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy an ASP.NET application</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/joomla-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/joomla-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/joomla-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up Joomla</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-lamp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-lamp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-lamp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up LAMP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/build/docs/deploying-builds/deploy-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /build/docs/deploying-builds/deploy-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/build/docs/deploying-builds/deploy-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform blue/green deployments using Cloud Build</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email from a VM</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About sending email</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-sendgrid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-sendgrid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-sendgrid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email with SendGrid</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailgun" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailgun" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailgun" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email with Mailgun</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailjet" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailjet" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/sending-mail/using-mailjet" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Send email with Mailjet</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Databases</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>MySQL</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/setup-mysql" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/setup-mysql" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/setup-mysql" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up MySQL on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/mysql-remote-access" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/mysql-remote-access" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/mysql-remote-access" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up client access with a private IP address</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-mysql-database-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-mysql-database-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-mysql-database-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloning a MySQL database on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-highly-available-mysql-cluster-with-drbd-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-highly-available-mysql-cluster-with-drbd-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-highly-available-mysql-cluster-with-drbd-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploying a highly available MySQL 5.6 cluster with DRBD on Compute Engine</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>PostgreSQL</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up PostgreSQL on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-data-disk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-data-disk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-data-disk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a PostgreSQL data disk</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-hot-standby" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-hot-standby" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/setting-up-postgres-hot-standby" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up PostgreSQL with hot standby</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SQL Server</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for SQL Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-high-performance-sql-server-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/creating-high-performance-sql-server-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-high-performance-sql-server-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a high-performance SQL Server VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license-to-linux" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license-to-linux" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license-to-linux" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add a SQL Server license to an existing Linux server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/adding-sql-server-license" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add a SQL Server license to an existing Windows server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-sql-server-instance-using-netapp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/creating-sql-server-instance-using-netapp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/creating-sql-server-instance-using-netapp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure SQL Server on Google Cloud Platform using Cloud Volumes Service</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-availability" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-availability" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-availability" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up AlwaysOn availability groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a failover cluster VM that uses S2D</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance-pd-multi-writer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance-pd-multi-writer" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/configure-failover-cluster-instance-pd-multi-writer" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a failover cluster VM with multi-writer persistent disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-linux-pacemaker" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-linux-pacemaker" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-linux-pacemaker" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up a SQL Server cluster on Linux with Alaways On availability groups and Pacemaker</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-microsoft-sql-server-database-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-microsoft-sql-server-database-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/cloning-a-microsoft-sql-server-database-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cloning a Microsoft SQL Server database on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/load-testing-sql-server-hammerdb" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/load-testing-sql-server-hammerdb" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/load-testing-sql-server-hammerdb" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load test SQL Server using HammerDB</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/disaster-recovery-for-microsoft-sql-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/disaster-recovery-for-microsoft-sql-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/disaster-recovery-for-microsoft-sql-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disaster recovery for Microsoft SQL Server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/dr-for-microsoft-sql-server-with-async-pd" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/dr-for-microsoft-sql-server-with-async-pd" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/dr-for-microsoft-sql-server-with-async-pd" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disaster recovery for Microsoft SQL Server with Async PD</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-microsoft-sql-server-multi-regional-disaster-recovery" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-microsoft-sql-server-multi-regional-disaster-recovery" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/sql-server/deploying-microsoft-sql-server-multi-regional-disaster-recovery" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploying Microsoft SQL Server for multi-regional disaster recovery</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Redis</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/redis/deployment-options" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/redis/deployment-options" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/redis/deployment-options" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deployment Options for Redis on Google Cloud </span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Containers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/containers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/containers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Containers on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/containers/deploying-containers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy containers on VMs and managed instance groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/containers/configuring-options-to-run-containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/containers/configuring-options-to-run-containers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/containers/configuring-options-to-run-containers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure options to run your container</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microsoft Windows</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows workloads</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/windows-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/windows-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/windows-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for Windows Server VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/setup-active-directory" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/setup-active-directory" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/setup-active-directory" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Setting up Active Directory</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for running Active Directory on Google Cloud</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-sharepoint-server-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-sharepoint-server-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-sharepoint-server-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploy Microsoft SharePoint Server on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-exchange-server-2016-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-exchange-server-2016-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/windows/deploying-microsoft-exchange-server-2016-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Deploying Microsoft Exchange Server 2016 on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Windows Server</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/performing-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform an in-place upgrade of Windows Server</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-beta"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-an-automated-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/performing-an-automated-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/performing-an-automated-in-place-upgrade-windows-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Perform an automated in-place upgrade of Windows Server</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="beta" data-title="Beta" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/running-windows-server-failover-clustering" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/running-windows-server-failover-clustering" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/running-windows-server-failover-clustering" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run Windows Server failover clustering</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Others</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load testing</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/distributed-load-testing-using-gke" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/distributed-load-testing-using-gke" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/distributed-load-testing-using-gke" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Distributed load testing using Kubernetes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/community/tutorials/ssh-port-forwarding-set-up-load-testing-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /community/tutorials/ssh-port-forwarding-set-up-load-testing-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/community/tutorials/ssh-port-forwarding-set-up-load-testing-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>SSH port forwarding and load testing</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analytics</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/monte-carlo-methods-with-hadoop-spark" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/monte-carlo-methods-with-hadoop-spark" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/monte-carlo-methods-with-hadoop-spark" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monte Carlo methods using Apache Spark</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Machine learning</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/ml-inference-t4" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/ml-inference-t4" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/ml-inference-t4" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Run TensorFlow inference workloads with TensorRT5 and NVIDIA T4 GPU</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor logs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/audit-logging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/audit-logging" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/audit-logging" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View audit logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/usage-export" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/usage-export" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/usage-export" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View usage reports</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-compute-operations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/viewing-compute-operations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-compute-operations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View Compute Engine operations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/migrating-from-activity-logs-to-audit-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/migrating-from-activity-logs-to-audit-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/migrating-from-activity-logs-to-audit-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Migrate from activity logs to audit logs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-deprecated"><a href="/compute/docs/logging/activity-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/logging/activity-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/logging/activity-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View activity logs</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="deprecated" data-title="Deprecated" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor resources</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/determining-server-usage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/determining-server-usage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/determining-server-usage" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor VM and sole-tenant node usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/observe-monitor-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/observe-monitor-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/observe-monitor-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Observe and monitor VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor GPU performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor GPU performance on Linux VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/monitor-gpus-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor GPU performance on Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor disks</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/disk-health" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/disk-health" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/disk-health" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor disk health</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/monitor-regional-persistent-disk-replica-state" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/monitor-regional-persistent-disk-replica-state" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/monitor-regional-persistent-disk-replica-state" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor the replica states of regional persistent disk volumes</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-monitor" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-monitor" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-monitor" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor reservations</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/labeling-resources" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/labeling-resources" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/labeling-resources" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Organize resources using labels</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Autoscale groups of VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About autoscaling groups of VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create and manage autoscalers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on CPU utilization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/predictive-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/predictive-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/predictive-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on predictions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-load-balancing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-load-balancing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-load-balancing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on load balancing serving capacity</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cloud-monitoring-metrics" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cloud-monitoring-metrics" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-cloud-monitoring-metrics" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on Monitoring metrics</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-schedules" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-schedules" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/scaling-schedules" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Scale based on schedules</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/multiple-signals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/multiple-signals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/multiple-signals" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use an autoscaling policy with multiple signals</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/managing-autoscalers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/managing-autoscalers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/managing-autoscalers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage autoscalers</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/understanding-autoscaler-decisions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/understanding-autoscaler-decisions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/understanding-autoscaler-decisions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Understand autoscaler decisions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/autoscaler/viewing-autoscaler-logs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/autoscaler/viewing-autoscaler-logs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/autoscaler/viewing-autoscaler-logs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View autoscaler logs</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Autoscale node groups</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reserve VM capacity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reservations on demand</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-single-project" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-single-project" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-single-project" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a reservation for a single project</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-shared" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-shared" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-shared" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create a shared reservation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-with-commitments" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Combine reservations with committed use discounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-view" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-view" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-view" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View your reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-consume" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-consume" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-consume" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Consume reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-modify" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-modify" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-modify" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify reservations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-delete" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservations-delete" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-delete" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Delete reservations</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Future reservations</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/future-reservations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/future-reservations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/future-reservations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About future reservations requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-single-project-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-single-project-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-single-project-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create single-project future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/create-shared-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/create-shared-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/create-shared-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create shared future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/modify-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/modify-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/modify-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Modify future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/delete-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/delete-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/delete-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cancel or delete future reservation requests</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View future reservation requests</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Load balancing</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/load-balancing-and-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/load-balancing-and-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/load-balancing-and-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About load balancing and scaling</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/adding-an-instance-group-to-a-load-balancer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/adding-an-instance-group-to-a-load-balancer" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/adding-an-instance-group-to-a-load-balancer" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Add an instance group to a load balancer</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/load-balancing/docs/https/setting-up-https" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /load-balancing/docs/https/setting-up-https" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/load-balancing/docs/https/setting-up-https" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Request routing to a multi-region external HTTPS load balancer</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/http-load-balancing-iis" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/http-load-balancing-iis" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/http-load-balancing-iis" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cross-region load balancing for Microsoft IIS backends</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/load-balancing/docs/internal/setting-up-internal" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /load-balancing/docs/internal/setting-up-internal" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/load-balancing/docs/internal/setting-up-internal" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up Internal TCP/UDP Load Balancing</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Build reliable and scalable applications</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-autohealing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-autohealing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-autohealing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use autohealing for highly available applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-load-balancing" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-load-balancing" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-availability-load-balancing" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use load balancing for highly available applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-scalability-autoscaling" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/high-scalability-autoscaling" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/high-scalability-autoscaling" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use autoscaling for highly scalable applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/tutorials/globally-autoscaling-a-web-service-on-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/tutorials/globally-autoscaling-a-web-service-on-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/tutorials/globally-autoscaling-a-web-service-on-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Globally autoscale a web service on Compute Engine</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/scalable-and-resilient-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/scalable-and-resilient-apps" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/scalable-and-resilient-apps" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Patterns for scalable and resilient applications</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/architecture/patterns-for-floating-ip-addresses-in-compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /architecture/patterns-for-floating-ip-addresses-in-compute-engine" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/architecture/patterns-for-floating-ip-addresses-in-compute-engine" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Patterns for using floating IP addresses on Compute Engine</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Resource utilization</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use recommendations to manage resources</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/apply-machine-type-recommendations-for-instances" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/apply-machine-type-recommendations-for-instances" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/apply-machine-type-recommendations-for-instances" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply machine type recommendations to VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/apply-machine-type-recommendations-managed-instance-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/apply-machine-type-recommendations-managed-instance-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/apply-machine-type-recommendations-managed-instance-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apply machine type recommendations to MIGs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/viewing-and-applying-idle-resources-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/viewing-and-applying-idle-resources-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/viewing-and-applying-idle-resources-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply idle resources recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-understand-vm-insights" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-and-understand-vm-insights" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-understand-vm-insights" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and understand VM insights</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-and-understand-mig-insights" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instance-groups/view-and-understand-mig-insights" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instance-groups/view-and-understand-mig-insights" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and understand MIG insights</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage idle VM recommendations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/idle-vm-recommendations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/idle-vm-recommendations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/idle-vm-recommendations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Idle VM recommendations overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-and-applying-idle-vm-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/viewing-and-applying-idle-vm-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/viewing-and-applying-idle-vm-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply idle VM recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configuring-idle-vm-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configuring-idle-vm-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configuring-idle-vm-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure idle VM recommendations</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable devsite-nav-preview"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage reservation recommendations</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservation-recommendations-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/reservation-recommendations-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/reservation-recommendations-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reservation recommendations overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-idle-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-idle-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-idle-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply idle reservation recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/view-and-apply-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>View and apply underutilized reservation recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configure-idle-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configure-idle-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configure-idle-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure idle reservation recommendations</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/configure-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/configure-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/configure-underutilized-reservation-recommendations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure underutilized reservation recommendations</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overcommit CPUs on sole-tenant VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manual live migration</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/about-manual-live-migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/about-manual-live-migration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/about-manual-live-migration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About manual live migration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually live migrate VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/share-node-groups" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/nodes/share-node-groups" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/nodes/share-node-groups" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Share sole-tenant node groups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Next generation dynamic resource management</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Cost savings</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get discounts for committed usage</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About commitments and committed use discounts (CUDs)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/signing-up-committed-use-discounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Resource-based CUDs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage resource-based commitments</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/renew-commitments-automatically" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Renew commitments automatically</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/committed-use-discounts/extend-commitment-term" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Extend the term length of commitments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/merge-and-split-commitments" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Merge and split commitments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/upgrade-commitment-term" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Upgrade the term of commitments</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Get discounts for sustained usage</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Disk performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/optimize-hyperdisk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/optimize-hyperdisk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/optimize-hyperdisk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Hyperdisk performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-pd-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/optimizing-pd-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-pd-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Persistent Disk performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-local-ssd-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/disks/optimizing-local-ssd-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/disks/optimizing-local-ssd-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize Local SSD performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Workload performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set the number of threads per core</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Customize the number of visible CPU cores</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze the CPU performance using the PMU</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/pmu-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/pmu-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/pmu-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>PMU overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/enable-pmu-in-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/enable-pmu-in-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/enable-pmu-in-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Enable the PMU in VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/manage-pmu-in-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/manage-pmu-in-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/manage-pmu-in-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage the PMU in VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Accelerated workloads with GPUs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>GPUs on Compute Engine</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/about-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/about-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/about-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About GPUs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install drivers</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/install-drivers-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/install-drivers-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/install-drivers-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install GPU drivers</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/install-grid-drivers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/install-grid-drivers" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/install-grid-drivers" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Install drivers for NVIDIA RTX Virtual Workstations (vWS)</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/grid-drivers-table" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/grid-drivers-table" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/grid-drivers-table" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Drivers for NVIDIA RTX Virtual Workstations (vWS)</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/network-bandwidth" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network bandwidth</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use Google Virtual NIC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-idpf" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/using-idpf" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/using-idpf" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use IDPF network interface</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure a VM with higher bandwidth</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/instances/use-compact-placement-policies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/instances/use-compact-placement-policies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/instances/use-compact-placement-policies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce latency by using compact placement policies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/tcp-optimization-for-network-performance-in-gcp-and-hybrid" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/tcp-optimization-for-network-performance-in-gcp-and-hybrid" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/tcp-optimization-for-network-performance-in-gcp-and-hybrid" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize TCP network performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/benchmarking-higher-bandwidth-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/benchmarking-higher-bandwidth-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/benchmarking-higher-bandwidth-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmark higher bandwidth VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/load-balancing/optimize-app-latency" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/load-balancing/optimize-app-latency" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/load-balancing/optimize-app-latency" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize app latency with load balancing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/networking/use-dpdk" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/networking/use-dpdk" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/networking/use-dpdk" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use DPDK to improve network performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network performance and GPU VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-network-bandwidth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/gpu-network-bandwidth" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/gpu-network-bandwidth" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Network bandwidths and GPUs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/gpus/optimize-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/gpus/optimize-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/gpus/optimize-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Use higher network bandwidth</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/general-tips" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/general-tips" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/general-tips" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>General tips</span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot connectivity</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-rdp" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-rdp" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-rdp" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot RDP</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ssh-errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot SSH</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-os-login" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-os-login" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-os-login" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot OS Login</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM operations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-vm-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-vm-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-vm-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-resource-availability" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-resource-availability" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-resource-availability" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot resource availability errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-bulk-vm-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-bulk-vm-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-bulk-vm-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot bulk API VM creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reboots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reboots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reboots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM reboots and shutdowns</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suspend-resume" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suspend-resume" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suspend-resume" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM suspension</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot unresponsive VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/vm-startup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/vm-startup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/vm-startup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM startup</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/fstab-errors" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/fstab-errors" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/fstab-errors" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot fstab errors</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/kernel-panic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/kernel-panic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/kernel-panic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot kernel panic</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-diagnostic-information" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-diagnostic-information" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-diagnostic-information" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Collecting diagnostic information</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-core-dumps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-core-dumps" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/collecting-core-dumps" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Collecting core dumps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/rescue-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/rescue-vm" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/rescue-vm" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rescue an inaccessible VM</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-cpu-soft-lockup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-cpu-soft-lockup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-cpu-soft-lockup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot CPU soft lockups</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM configurations</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-arm-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-arm-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-arm-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot Arm VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-gpus" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-gpus" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-gpus" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot GPU VMs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nested-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nested-vms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-nested-vms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot nested virtualization</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/capturing-vm-screenshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/capturing-vm-screenshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/capturing-vm-screenshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot using VM screenshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot sole-tenant nodes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM performance issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sudoers-file" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sudoers-file" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sudoers-file" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot sudoers files</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot Windows VMs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-windows" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-windows" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-windows" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot Windows VMs</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot using the serial console</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li 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output</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot instance groups</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-migs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-migs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-migs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot managed instance groups (MIGs)</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot OS management</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/import-migrate" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/import-migrate" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/import-migrate" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot licenses</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-import-export-images" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-import-export-images" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-import-export-images" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot image import and export</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suse-registration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suse-registration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-suse-registration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting SLES pay-as-you-go registration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ubuntu-pro-registration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ubuntu-pro-registration" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-ubuntu-pro-registration" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting Ubuntu Pro Registration</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot metadata server</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-metadata-server" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-metadata-server" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-metadata-server" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot metadata server</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot networking issues</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-networking" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-networking" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-networking" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot common networking issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/gvnic" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/gvnic" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/gvnic" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot gVNIC</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot VM performance issues</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot storage</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-disk-full-resize" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-disk-full-resize" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-disk-full-resize" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot full disks and disk resizing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-disk-nvme" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-disk-nvme" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-disk-nvme" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot NVMe disks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-instant-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-instant-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-instant-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot instant snapshots</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-snapshots" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-snapshots" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-snapshots" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot standard snapshots</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservations and commitments</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-creation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-creation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-creation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservation creation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-consumption" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-consumption" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-consumption" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservation consumption</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshooting reservation monitoring</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-updates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-updates" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-reservation-updates" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot reservation updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-future-reservations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-future-reservations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshoot-future-reservations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot future reservation creation and updates</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/automatic-commitment-renewal" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/automatic-commitment-renewal" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/automatic-commitment-renewal" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot automatic commitment renewal</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot workload authentication</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-default-service-accounts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-default-service-accounts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-default-service-accounts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot default service accounts</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-preview"><a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workload-to-workload-auth" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workload-to-workload-auth" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-workload-to-workload-auth" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Troubleshoot workload to workload authentication</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="preview" data-title="Preview" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li></ul></div></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Technology areas" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/ai-ml" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI and ML" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > AI and ML </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/docs/application-development" class="devsite-nav-title 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track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" class="nocontent" project-feedback-url="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/new?component=187134&template=0" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v870e399c64f7c43c99a3043db4b3a74327bb93d0914e84a0c3dba90bbfd67625/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" > <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> General-purpose machine family for Compute Engine </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <hr class="cloud-divider"> <p>This document describes the features of the Compute Engine general-purpose machine family, which has the best price-performance with the most flexible vCPU to memory ratios, and provides features that target most standard and cloud-native workloads.</p> <p>The general-purpose machine family has predefined and <a href="#custom_machine_types">custom</a> machine types to align with your workload, depending on your requirements.</p> <p>C4A is powered by Google's first generation Axion custom Arm-based processor built on Arm Neoverse V2. C4A supports 576 GB DDR5 memory, and up to 100 Gbps per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>C4 and N4 are powered by the fifth generation Intel Xeon Scalable processor (code-named Emerald Rapids). C4 offers a sustained, all-core turbo frequency of 3.1 GHz, 1.5 TB of DDR5 memory, and supports up to 200 Gbps of per VM Tier_1 networking performance. N4 offers a sustained, all-core turbo frequency of 2.9 GHz, 640 GB of DDR5 memory, and up to 50 Gbps of standard network bandwidth.</p> <p>C3 is powered by fourth generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors and offers a sustained, all-core turbo frequency of 3.0 GHz, 8 channels of DDR5 memory, and up to 200 Gbps per VM Tier_1 networking performance. C3D is powered by fourth generation AMD EPYC Genoa processors and offers a sustained, all-core turbo frequency of 3.3 GHz, 2,880 GB of DDR5 memory, and up to 200 Gbps per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>For bare metal machine types, choose the C3 machine series.</p> <p>All third and fourth generation general purpose VMs support <a href="/titanium" track-type="concepts" track-name="computeEngineLink" track-metadata-position="body">Titanium</a>.</p> <p>E2, E2 shared-core, N2, N2D, Tau T2A, and Tau T2D are second generation machine series in this family; N1 and its related shared-core machine types are the first generation machine series.</p> <table style="width:100%"> <thead> <tr> <th width="40%"><b>Machine series</b></th> <th><b>Workloads</b></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="#n4_series">N4</a>, <a href="#n2_series">N2</a>, <a href="#n2d_machines">N2D</a>, <a href="#n1_machines">N1</a> </th> <td> <ul> <li>Medium traffic web and application servers</li> <li>Containerized microservices</li> <li>Business intelligence applications</li> <li>Virtual desktops</li> <li>CRM applications</li> <li>Development and test environments</li> <li>Batch processing</li> <li>Storage and archive</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="#c4a_series">C4A</a>, <a href="#c4_series">C4</a>, <a href="#c3_series">C3</a>, <a href="#c3d_series">C3D</a></th> <td> <ul> <li>High traffic web, app and ad servers</li> <li>Databases and caches</li> <li>Game servers</li> <li>Data analytics</li> <li>Media streaming and transcoding</li> <li>Network appliances</li> <li>CPU-based ML training and inference</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="#e2_machine_types">E2</a> </th> <td> <ul> <li>Low-traffic web servers</li> <li>Back office apps</li> <li>Containerized microservices</li> <li>Small databases</li> <li>Virtual desktops</li> <li>Development and test environments</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <th> <a href="#t2a_machines">Tau T2A</a>, <a href="#t2d_machines">Tau T2D</a> </th> <td> <ul> <li>Scale-out workloads</li> <li>Web servers</li> <li>Containerized microservices</li> <li>Media transcoding</li> <li>Large-scale Java applications</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>To learn how your selection affects the performance of Persistent Disk volumes attached to your VMs, see <a href="/compute/docs/disks/performance#size_price_performance">Configure your Persistent Disk and VMs</a>.</p> <h2 id="c4a_series" data-text="C4A machine series" tabindex="-1">C4A machine series</h2> <p>C4A VMs are powered by Google's first Arm-based Axion™ processor. C4A offers machine types with up to 72 vCPUs and 576 GB of DDR5 memory and is available in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">standard</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highmem</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code> machine series. It is built on <a href="/titanium" track-type="concepts" track-name="computeEngineLink" track-metadata-position="body">Titanium</a> with network offloads and enabled with up to 50 Gbps of standard network performance, and up to 100 Gbps per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>C4A VMs are placed within a single node with <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_memory_access">Uniform Memory Access (UMA)</a> and also support sole tenant nodes to deliver consistent performance. C4A uses Google Cloud's latest generation storage options including Hyperdisk Balanced and Hyperdisk Extreme.</p> <p>In summary, the C4A machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Is powered by the Google Axion CPU and Titanium.</li> <li>Supports up to 72 vCPUs and 576 GB of DDR5 memory.</li> <li>Offers multiple predefined machine types.</li> <li>Supports standard network configuration with up to 50 Gbps bandwidth.</li> <li>Supports per VM Tier_1 networking performance with up to 100 Gbps bandwidth.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview">Resource-based and flexible committed use discounts</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Supports the <a href="/compute/docs/pmu-overview">performance monitoring unit (PMU)</a>.</li> <li>Doesn't support <a href="/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview">compact placement policies</a>.</li> <li>See <a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/known-issues#c4a-cuds">Known issues</a> for information about creating committed use discounts (CUDs) for C4A.</li> </ul> <p>For information about migrating to Arm VMs, read the <a href="/compute/docs/instances/arm-on-compute">Arm on Compute</a> document.</p> <h3 id="c4a_machine_types" data-text="C4A machine types" tabindex="-1">C4A machine types</h3> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> Community supported Arm OSes might be supported. If the OS isn't listed on the <a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details#networking">Operating system details</a> page, test the OS to learn if it is supported.</span></aside> <p>C4A VMs are available as predefined configurations in sizes ranging from 1 vCPU to 72 vCPUs and up to 576 GB of memory.</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">standard</code>: 4 GB memory per vCPU</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code>: 2 GB memory per vCPU</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">highmem</code>: 8 GB memory per vCPU</li> </ul> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c4a-standard" data-text="C4A standard" tabindex="-1">C4A standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-1</code></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>23</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>192</td> <td>34</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>256</td> <td>45</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-72</code></td> <td>72</td> <td>288</td> <td>50</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> SMT is not supported. Each vCPU is equivalent to an entire core. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types. </p> </div></p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4a-highcpu" data-text="C4A highcpu" tabindex="-1">C4A highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-1</code></td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>23</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>96</td> <td>34</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>128</td> <td>45</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-72</code></td> <td>72</td> <td>144</td> <td>50</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> SMT is not supported. Each vCPU is equivalent to an entire core. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types. </p> </div></p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4a-highmem" data-text="C4A highmem" tabindex="-1">C4A highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-1</code></td> <td>1</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>256</td> <td>23</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>384</td> <td>34</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>45</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-72</code></td> <td>72</td> <td>576</td> <td>50</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> SMT is not supported. Each vCPU is equivalent to an entire core. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types. </p> </div></p> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <p>C4A doesn't support custom machine types.</p> <h3 id="supported_disk_types_for_c4a" data-text="Supported disk types for C4A" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for C4A</h3> <p>C4A VMs support only the NVMe disk interface and can use the following <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks">Hyperdisk</a> block storage:</p> <ul> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced High Availability (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced-high-availability</code>) (<a href="/products#product-launch-stages">Preview</a>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Extreme (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-extreme</code>)</li> </ul> <p>C4A doesn't support Persistent Disk.</p> <h4 id="disk_and_capacity_limits" data-text="Disk and capacity limits" tabindex="-1">Disk and capacity limits</h4> <p>You can use a mixture of different Hyperdisk types with a VM, but the maximum total disk capacity (in TiB) across all disk types can't exceed: <ul> <li><p>For machine types with less than 32 vCPUs: 257 TiB for all Hyperdisk</p></li> <li><p>For machine types with 32 or more vCPUs: 512 TiB for all Hyperdisk</p></li> </ul> <p>For details about the capacity limits, see <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks#limits-instance"> Hyperdisk capacity limits per VM</a>.</p> </p> </p> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c4a-standard_1" data-text="C4A standard" tabindex="-1">C4A standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk<br/>per VM</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-1</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-2</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-4</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-8</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-16</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-48</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-64</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-standard-72</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4a-highcpu_1" data-text="C4A highcpu" tabindex="-1">C4A highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk<br/>per VM</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-1</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highcpu-72</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4a-highmem_1" data-text="C4A highmem" tabindex="-1">C4A highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk<br/>per VM</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-1</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-2</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-4</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-8</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-16</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-48</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-64</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4a-highmem-72</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <h3 id="c4a_network" data-text="Network support for C4A VMs" tabindex="-1">Network support for C4A VMs</h3> <p>C4A instances require <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic">gVNIC network interfaces</a>. C4A instances support up to 50 Gbps network bandwidth for standard networking and up to 100 Gbps network bandwidth per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>Before migrating to C4A or creating C4A VMs, make sure that the <a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details#networking">operating system image</a> that you use is fully supported for C4A. Fully supported images include the updated gVNIC driver, even if the guest OS shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gve</code> driver version as 1.0.0. If your C4A VM is using an operating system with limited support, which includes an older version of the gVNIC driver, the VM might not be able to achieve the maximum network bandwidth for C4A VMs.</p> <p>If you use a custom OS image with the C4A machine series, you can <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic#manual-gvnic-setup">manually install the most recent gVNIC driver</a>. The gVNIC driver version v1.3.0 or later is recommended for use with C4A VMs. Google recommends using the latest gVNIC driver version to benefit from additional features and bug fixes.</p> <h2 id="c4_series" data-text="C4 machine series" tabindex="-1">C4 machine series</h2> <p>C4 VMs are powered by 5th generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors (code-named Emerald Rapids) and <a href="/titanium" track-type="concepts" track-name="computeEngineLink" track-metadata-position="body">Titanium</a>. The C4 machine series is designed to deliver price-performance and enterprise-grade reliability along with a maintenance experience for your most demanding workloads.</p> <p>Appropriate workloads include web and app serving, game servers, databases and caches, video streaming, data analytics, network appliances, and CPU-based ML inference.</p> <p>C4 VMs are designed to achieve maximum performance from single-core turbo boosting. You can disable vCPU boosting and limit the vCPUs to the long term sustainable all-core-turbo frequency for more consistent vCPU performance. You can do this by setting <code translate="no" dir="ltr">turboMode=ALL_CORE_MAX</code> in the <a href="/compute/docs/reference/rest/v1/instances/insert">AdvancedMachineFeatures</a> settings.</p> <p>In summary, the C4 machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Is powered by 5th generation Intel Emerald Rapids processor and Titanium processors</li> <li>Lets you switch between core-boosting performance and steady all-core turbo performance for your vCPUs.</li> <li>Supports up to 192 vCPUs and 1.5 TB of DDR5 memory</li> <li>Offers multiple predefined machine types</li> <li>Supports standard network configuration with up to 100 Gbps bandwidth</li> <li>Supports per VM Tier_1 networking performance with up to 200 Gbps bandwidth</li> <li>Supports <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms#intel-amx">Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX)</a>, a built-in accelerator that significantly improves the performance of deep-learning training and inference on the CPU.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview">Resource-based and flexible committed use discounts</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Supports the <a href="/compute/docs/pmu-overview">performance monitoring unit (PMU)</a>.</li> </ul> <h3 id="c4_machine_types" data-text="C4 machine types" tabindex="-1">C4 machine types</h3> <p>C4 VMs are available as predefined configurations in sizes ranging from 2 vCPUs to 192 vCPUs and up to 1,488 GB of memory.</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">standard</code>: 3.75 GB memory per vCPU</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code>: 2 GB memory per vCPU</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">highmem</code>: 7.75 GB memory per vCPU</li> </ul> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c4-standard" data-text="C4 standard" tabindex="-1">C4 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>Up to 10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>15</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>30</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>60</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>120</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>180</td> <td>Up to 34</td> <td>Up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>360</td> <td>Up to 67</td> <td>Up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-192</code></td> <td>192</td> <td>720</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>Up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4-highcpu" data-text="C4 highcpu" tabindex="-1">C4 highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>Up to 10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>96</td> <td>Up to 34</td> <td>Up to 25</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>192</td> <td>Up to 67</td> <td>Up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-192</code></td> <td>192</td> <td>384</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>Up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4-highmem" data-text="C4 highmem" tabindex="-1">C4 highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>15</td> <td>Up to 10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>31</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>62</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>124</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>248</td> <td>Up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>372</td> <td>Up to 34</td> <td>Up to 25</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>744</td> <td>Up to 67</td> <td>Up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-192</code></td> <td>192</td> <td>1,488</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>Up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <p>C4 doesn't support custom machine types.</p> <h3 id="supported_disk_types_for_c4" data-text="Supported disk types for C4" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for C4</h3> <p>C4 VMs support only the NVMe disk interface and can use the following <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks">Hyperdisk</a> block storage:</p> <ul> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Extreme (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-extreme</code>)</li> </ul> <p>C4 does not support Persistent Disk. Read <a href="/compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm">Move your workload from an existing VM to a new VM</a> to migrate your Persistent Disk resources to a newer machine series.</p> <h4 id="disk_and_capacity_limits_2" data-text="Disk and capacity limits" tabindex="-1">Disk and capacity limits</h4> <p>You can use a mixture of different Hyperdisk types with a VM, but the maximum total disk capacity (in TiB) across all disk types can't exceed: <ul> <li><p>For machine types with less than 32 vCPUs: 257 TiB for all Hyperdisk</p></li> <li><p>For machine types with 32 or more vCPUs: 512 TiB for all Hyperdisk</p></li> </ul> <p>For details about the capacity limits, see <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks#limits-instance"> Hyperdisk capacity limits per VM</a>.</p> </p> </p> <p>The number of Hyperdisk volumes of all types that you can attach to a VM can't exceed the limits stated in the <em>Max number of Hyperdisk volumes</em>. For details about these limits, see <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks#hyperdisk-capacity">Hyperdisk capacity</a>.</p> <p>The combined total number of Hyperdisk Balanced and Hyperdisk Extreme volumes attached to a single VM depends on the number of vCPUs the VM has, and can't exceed these limits:</p> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c4-standard_1" data-text="C4 standard" tabindex="-1">C4 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk<br/>per VM</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-2</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-4</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-8</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-16</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-48</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-96</code></td> <td>72</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-standard-192</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4-highcpu_1" data-text="C4 highcpu" tabindex="-1">C4 highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk<br/>per VM</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>72</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highcpu-192</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c4-highmem_1" data-text="C4 highmem" tabindex="-1">C4 highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk<br/>per VM</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="20%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-2</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-4</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-8</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-16</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-48</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-96</code></td> <td>72</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c4-highmem-192</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <h3 id="c4_network" data-text="Network support for C4 VMs" tabindex="-1">Network support for C4 VMs</h3> <p>C4 VM instances require <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic">gVNIC network interfaces</a>. C4 supports up to 100 Gbps network bandwidth for standard networking and up to 200 Gbps with per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>Before migrating to C4 or creating C4 VMs, make sure that the <a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details#networking">operating system image</a> that you use is fully supported for C4. Fully supported images include the updated gVNIC driver, even if the guest OS shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gve</code> driver version as 1.0.0. If your C4 VM is using an operating system with limited support, which includes an older version of the gVNIC driver, the VM might not be able to achieve the maximum network bandwidth for C4 VMs.</p> <p>If you use a custom OS image with the C4 machine series, you can <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic#manual-gvnic-setup">manually install the most recent gVNIC driver</a>. The gVNIC driver version v1.3.0 or later is recommended for use with C4 VMs. Google recommends using the latest gVNIC driver version to benefit from additional features and bug fixes.</p> <h2 id="n4_series" data-text="N4 machine series" tabindex="-1">N4 machine series</h2> <p>N4 VMs are powered by the 5th generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors (code-named Emerald Rapids) and <a href="/titanium" track-type="concepts" track-name="computeEngineLink" track-metadata-position="body">Titanium</a>. N4 machine types are built from the ground up for flexibility and cost optimization through an efficient architecture of streamlined features, shapes, and next generation <a href="/compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management">dynamic resource management</a>, which makes better use of resources on host machines. N4 offers flexible options like custom machine types that lets you use choose varied combinations of compute and memory to optimize costs and reduce resource waste. N4 is suited for a variety of general-purpose workloads that don't require peak processing power at all times.</p> <p>In summary, the N4 machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Is powered by 5th generation Intel Emerald Rapids processor and <a href="/titanium" track-type="concepts" track-name="computeEngineLink" track-metadata-position="body">Titanium</a> processors.</li> <li>Supports up to 80 vCPUs and 640 GB of DDR5 memory.</li> <li>Offers multiple predefined machine types and <a href="#custom_machine_types">custom machine types</a> and extended custom memory up to 640 GB.</li> <li>Supports standard network configuration with up to 50 Gbps bandwidth</li> <li>Supports Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX), a built-in accelerator that significantly improves the performance of deep-learning training and inference on the CPU.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based and flexible committed use discounts</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Does not support Local SSD or per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</li> </ul> <h3 id="n4_machine_types" data-text="N4 machine types" tabindex="-1">N4 machine types</h3> <p>N4 VMs are available as predefined configurations in sizes ranging from 2 vCPUs to 80 vCPUs and up to 640 GB of memory.</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">standard</code>: 4 GB memory per vCPU</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code>: 2 GB memory per vCPU</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">highmem</code>: 8 GB memory per vCPU</li> </ul> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="n4-standard" data-text="N4 standard" tabindex="-1">N4 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>192</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>256</td> <td>45</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>320</td> <td>50</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a></p>. </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n4-highcpu" data-text="N4 highcpu" tabindex="-1">N4 highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>96</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>128</td> <td>45</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>160</td> <td>50</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a></p>. </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n4-highmem" data-text="N4 highmem" tabindex="-1">N4 highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>256</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>384</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>45</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>640</td> <td>50</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a></p>. </div> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <h3 id="supported_disk_types_for_n4" data-text="Supported disk types for N4" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for N4</h3> <p>N4 VMs supports only the NVMe disk interface and can use the following <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks">Hyperdisk</a> block storage:</p> <ul> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced</code>)</li> </ul> <p>N4 does not support Persistent Disk or Local SSD. Read <a href="/compute/docs/import/migrate-to-new-vm">Move your workload from an existing VM to a new VM</a> to migrate your Persistent Disk resources to a newer machine series.</p> <h4 id="disk_and_capacity_limits_3" data-text="Disk and capacity limits" tabindex="-1">Disk and capacity limits</h4> <p>The number of Hyperdisk volumes of all types that you can attach to a VM can't exceed the limits stated in the <em>Max number of Hyperdisk volumes</em>. For details about these limits, see <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks#hyperdisk-capacity">Hyperdisk capacity</a>.</p> <p>The combined total number of Hyperdisk Balanced volumes attached to a single VM depends on the number of vCPUs the VM has, and can't exceed these limits:</p> <p> <p> For VMs running Microsoft Windows and using the NVMe disk interface, the combined number of both Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk attached volumes can't exceed a total of 16 disks. See <a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/known-issues#known_issues_for_windows_vm_instances">Known issues</a>. Local SSD volumes are excluded from this issue. </p> </p> <p>N4 storage limits are described in the following table:</p> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="n4-standard_1" data-text="N4 standard" tabindex="-1">N4 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="4" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="29%">Machine types</th> <th width="15%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="15%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="15%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-2</code></td> <td>20</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-4</code></td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-8</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-16</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-32</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-48</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-standard-80</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n4-highcpu_1" data-text="N4 highcpu" tabindex="-1">N4 highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="4" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="29%">Machine types</th> <th width="15%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="15%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="15%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>20</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highcpu-80</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n4-highmem_1" data-text="N4 highmem" tabindex="-1">N4 highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="4" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="29%">Machine types</th> <th width="15%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="15%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="15%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-2</code></td> <td>20</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-4</code></td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-8</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-16</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-32</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-48</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n4-highmem-80</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <h3 id="n4_network" data-text="Network support for N4 VMs" tabindex="-1">Network support for N4 VMs</h3> <p>N4 instances require <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic">gVNIC network interfaces</a>. N4 instances support up to 50 Gbps network bandwidth for standard networking and don't support per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>Before migrating to N4 or creating N4 VMs, make sure that the <a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details#networking">operating system image</a> that you use is fully supported for N4. Fully supported images include the updated gVNIC driver, even if the guest OS shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gve</code> driver version as 1.0.0. If your N4 VM is using an operating system with limited support, which includes an older version of the gVNIC driver, the VM might not be able to achieve the maximum network bandwidth for N4 VMs.</p> <p>If you use a custom OS image with the N4 machine series, you can <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic#manual-gvnic-setup">manually install the most recent gVNIC driver</a>. The gVNIC driver version v1.3.0 or later is recommended for use with N4 VMs. Google recommends using the latest gVNIC driver version to benefit from additional features and bug fixes.</p> <h2 id="c3d_series" data-text="C3D machine series" tabindex="-1">C3D machine series</h2> <p>C3D VMs are powered by the 4th generation AMD EPYC™ (Genoa) processor with a maximum frequency of 3.7 Ghz. C3D machine types are optimized for the underlying hardware architecture to deliver optimal, reliable, and consistent performance.</p> <p>C3D uses <a href="/titanium" track-type="concepts" track-name="computeEngineLink" track-metadata-position="body">Titanium</a>, which enables higher levels of networking performance, isolation and security. The C3D machine series supports Tier_1 networking bandwidth of up to 100 Gbps and up to 200 Gbps.</p> <p>In summary, the C3D machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Is powered by 4th generation AMD EPYC™ processor and Titanium.</li> <li>Supports up to 360 vCPUs and 2,880 GB of DDR5 memory.</li> <li>Supports standard network configuration with up to 100 Gbps bandwidth and Tier_1 networking with up to 200 Gbps bandwidth.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Supports <a href="/confidential-computing/confidential-vm/docs/confidential-vm-overview">Confidential VM</a> with AMD SEV.</li> </ul> <h3 id="c3d_machine_types" data-text="C3D machine types" tabindex="-1">C3D machine types</h3> <p>C3D VMs are available in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">standard</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highmem</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">lssd</code> configurations in sizes ranging from 4 to 360 vCPUs and up to 2,880 GB of memory. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code> configuration offers the lowest price per performance for compute-bound workloads that don't require large amounts of memory.</p> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c3d-standard" data-text="C3D standard" tabindex="-1">C3D standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-30</code></td> <td>30</td> <td>120</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-60</code></td> <td>60</td> <td>240</td> <td>up to 40</td> <td>up to 75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-90</code></td> <td>90</td> <td>360</td> <td>up to 60</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-180</code></td> <td>180</td> <td>720</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 150</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-360</code></td> <td>360</td> <td>1,440</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-highcpu" data-text="C3D highcpu" tabindex="-1">C3D highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-30</code></td> <td>30</td> <td>59</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-60</code></td> <td>60</td> <td>118</td> <td>up to 40</td> <td>up to 75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-90</code></td> <td>90</td> <td>177</td> <td>up to 60</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-180</code></td> <td>180</td> <td>354</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 150</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-360</code></td> <td>360</td> <td>708</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-highmem" data-text="C3D highmem" tabindex="-1">C3D highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-30</code></td> <td>30</td> <td>240</td> <td>up to 20</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-60</code></td> <td>60</td> <td>480</td> <td>up to 40</td> <td>up to 75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-90</code></td> <td>90</td> <td>720</td> <td>up to 60</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-180</code></td> <td>180</td> <td>1,440</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 150</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-360</code></td> <td>360</td> <td>2,880</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-standard-with-local-ssd" data-text="C3D standard with Local SSD" tabindex="-1">C3D standard with Local SSD</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-8-lssd</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>Up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-16-lssd</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>Up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-30-lssd</code></td> <td>30</td> <td>120</td> <td>Up to 20</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-60-lssd</code></td> <td>60</td> <td>240</td> <td>Up to 40</td> <td>up to 75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-90-lssd</code></td> <td>90</td> <td>360</td> <td>Up to 60</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-180-lssd</code></td> <td>180</td> <td>720</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>up to 150</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-360-lssd</code></td> <td>360</td> <td>1440</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-highmem-with-local-ssd" data-text="C3D highmem with Local SSD" tabindex="-1">C3D highmem with Local SSD</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-8-lssd</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>Up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-16-lssd</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>Up to 20</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-30-lssd</code></td> <td>30</td> <td>240</td> <td>Up to 20</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-60-lssd</code></td> <td>60</td> <td>480</td> <td>Up to 40</td> <td>up to 75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-90-lssd</code></td> <td>90</td> <td>720</td> <td>Up to 60</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-180-lssd</code></td> <td>180</td> <td>1440</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>up to 150</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-360-lssd</code></td> <td>360</td> <td>2880</td> <td>Up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A CPU uses two threads per core, and a vCPU respresents a single thread. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth networking</a> for larger machine types.</p> </div> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <p>C3D doesn't support custom machine types.</p> <h3 id="c3d_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for C3D" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for C3D</h3> <p>C3D VMs support only the NVMe disk interface and can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>SSD (performance) Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced High Availability (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced-high-availability</code>) (<a href="/products#product-launch-stages">Preview</a>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk ML (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-ml</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Extreme (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-extreme</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Throughput (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-throughput</code>)</li> <li>Local SSD (only available with -lssd machine types)</li> </ul> <p>To use Local SSD with C3D, create your VM using the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">-lssd</code> variant of the C3D machine types. Selecting this machine type creates a VM of the specified size with Local SSD partitions attached. You must use a machine type that ends in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">-lssd</code> to use Local SSD with your C3D VM; you can't attach Local SSD volumes separately.</p> <h4 id="disk_and_capacity_limits_4" data-text="Disk and capacity limits" tabindex="-1">Disk and capacity limits</h4> <p> For VMs running Microsoft Windows and using the NVMe disk interface, the combined number of both Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk attached volumes can't exceed a total of 16 disks. See <a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/known-issues#known_issues_for_windows_vm_instances">Known issues</a>. Local SSD volumes are excluded from this issue. </p> </p> <p>C3D storage limits are described in the following table:</p> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c3d-standard_1" data-text="C3D standard" tabindex="-1">C3D standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="13%">Per VM</th> <th width="13%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="13%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="13%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="13%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>16</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-30</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-60</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-90</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-180</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-360</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-highcpu_1" data-text="C3D highcpu" tabindex="-1">C3D highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>16</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-30</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-60</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-90</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-180</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highcpu-360</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-highmem_1" data-text="C3D highmem" tabindex="-1">C3D highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>16</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-30</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-60</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-90</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-180</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-360</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-standard-with-local-ssd_1" data-text="C3D standard with Local SSD" tabindex="-1">C3D standard with Local SSD</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-8-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 (375 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-16-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>16</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 (375 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-30-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 (750 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-60-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>4 (1.5 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-90-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>8 (3 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-180-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>16 (6 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-standard-360-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>32 (12 TiB)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3d-highmem-with-local-ssd_1" data-text="C3D highmem with Local SSD" tabindex="-1">C3D highmem with Local SSD</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-8-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 (375 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-16-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>16</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 (375 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-30-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 (750 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-60-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>4 (1.5 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-90-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>8 (3 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-180-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>16 (6 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3d-highmem-360-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>32 (12 TiB)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <h3 id="c3d_network" data-text="Network support for C3D VMs" tabindex="-1">Network support for C3D VMs</h3> <p>C3D VM instances require <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic">gVNIC network interfaces</a>. C3D supports up to 100 Gbps network bandwidth for standard networking and up to 200 Gbps with per VM Tier_1 networking performance.</p> <p>Before migrating to C3D or creating C3D VMs, make sure that the <a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details#networking">operating system image</a> that you use is fully supported for C3D. Fully supported images include the updated gVNIC driver, even if the guest OS shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gve</code> driver version as 1.0.0. If your C3D VM is using an operating system with limited support, which includes an older version of the gVNIC driver, the VM might not be able to achieve the maximum network bandwidth for C3D VMs.</p> <p>If you use a custom OS image with the C3D machine series, you can <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic#manual-gvnic-setup">manually install the most recent gVNIC driver</a>. The gVNIC driver version v1.3.0 or later is recommended for use with C3D VMs. Google recommends using the latest gVNIC driver version to benefit from additional features and bug fixes.</p> <h2 id="c3_series" data-text="C3 machine series" tabindex="-1">C3 machine series</h2> <p>C3 VMs are powered by the 4th generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors (code-named Sapphire Rapids), DDR5 memory, and <a href="https://cloud.google.com/titanium">Titanium</a>. C3 machine types are optimized for the underlying NUMA architecture to deliver optimal, reliable, and consistent performance.</p> <p>The new C3 machine series is a major leap in our purpose-built infrastructure offerings:</p> <ul> <li>Leveraging Titanium processors to offload networking from the CPUs</li> <li>Delivering high performance block-storage with <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks">Google Cloud Hyperdisk</a></li> <li>Speeding up ML training and inference with <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms#intel-amx">Intel AMX</a></li> </ul> <p>C3 uses Titanium to enable higher levels of networking performance, isolation and security. The C3 machine series supports a default network bandwidth of up to 100 Gbps and up to 200 Gbps with <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">per VM Tier_1 networking performance</a>. Titanium has been designed from the ground up to enable updates that don't impact running workloads.</p> <p>The C3 machine series provides some of the largest general-purpose machine types, letting you create VM instances with up to 176 vCPUs and 1.4 TB of memory.</p> <p>C3 has bare metal machine types, which allow you to access all the raw compute resources of the server. You can create bare metal instances with 192 vCPUs and up to 1,536 GB of memory. Bare metal instances also provide access to several onboard, function-specific <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms#accelerator">accelerators and offloads</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Intel-QAT</li> <li>Intel-DLB</li> <li>Intel DSA</li> <li>Intel IAA</li> </ul> <p>If your organization uses a Shielded VM policy, then you must create a custom org policy that excludes bare metal shapes before you can create a bare metal instance.</p> <p>In summary, the C3 machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Is powered by Intel 4th Generation Xeon processors and Titanium.</li> <li>Supports up to 176 vCPUs and 1.4 TB of DDR5 memory for VMs.</li> <li>Supports up to 192 vCPUs and 1,536 GB of memory for bare metal instances.</li> <li>Supports standard network configuration with up to 100 Gbps bandwidth and Tier_1 networking with up to 200 Gbps bandwidth.</li> <li>Supports Intel Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX), a built-in accelerator that significantly improves the performance of deep-learning training and inference on the CPU.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based">Flexible CUDs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Supports <a href="/confidential-computing/confidential-vm/docs/confidential-vm-overview">Confidential VM</a> with Intel TDX.</li> <li>Doesn't support the following: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">Sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a></li> </ul></li> <li>C3 bare metal instances don't support the following: <ul> <li><a href="/kubernetes-engine/docs">Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/shielded-vm/docs/shielded-vm">Shielded VM</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview">Nested virtualization</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <h3 id="c3_machine_types" data-text="C3 machine types" tabindex="-1">C3 machine types</h3> <p>C3 VMs are available in predefined machine types with sizes ranging from 4 to 176 vCPUs and up to 1,408 GB of memory.</p> <p>To use Local SSD with C3, create your VM using the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">-lssd</code> variant of the C3 machine types. Selecting this machine type creates a VM of the specified size with Local SSD partitions attached. You must use a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-*-lssd</code> machine type to use Local SSD with your VM; you can't attach Local SSD volumes separately.</p> <p>To create a bare metal instance with C3, use one of the following machine types:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-192-metal</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-192-metal</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-192-metal</code></li> </ul> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c3-standard" data-text="C3 standard" tabindex="-1">C3 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-22</code></td> <td>22</td> <td>88</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-44</code></td> <td>44</td> <td>176</td> <td>up to 32</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-88</code></td> <td>88</td> <td>352</td> <td>up to 62</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-176</code></td> <td>176</td> <td>704</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-192-metal</code></td> <td>192<sup>†</sup></td> <td>768</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU represents a single hardware thread, or logical core.<br /> <sup>†</sup> For bare metal instances, the number of vCPUs is equivalent to the number of hardware threads on the host server.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3-highcpu" data-text="C3 highcpu" tabindex="-1">C3 highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-22</code></td> <td>22</td> <td>44</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-44</code></td> <td>44</td> <td>88</td> <td>up to 32</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-88</code></td> <td>88</td> <td>176</td> <td>up to 62</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-176</code></td> <td>176</td> <td>352</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-192-metal</code></td> <td>192<sup>†</sup></td> <td>512</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU represents a single hardware thread, or logical core.<br /> <sup>†</sup> For bare metal instances, the number of vCPUs is equivalent to the number of hardware threads on the host server.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3-highmem" data-text="C3 highmem" tabindex="-1">C3 highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-22</code></td> <td>22</td> <td>176</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-44</code></td> <td>44</td> <td>352</td> <td>up to 32</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-88</code></td> <td>88</td> <td>704</td> <td>up to 62</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-176</code></td> <td>176</td> <td>1408</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-192-metal</code></td> <td>192<sup>†</sup></td> <td>1536</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU represents a single hardware thread, or logical core.<br /> <sup>†</sup> For bare metal instances, the number of vCPUs is equivalent to the number of hardware threads on the host server.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3-with-local-ssd" data-text="C3 with Local SSD" tabindex="-1">C3 with Local SSD</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier_1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-4-lssd</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-8-lssd</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-22-lssd</code></td> <td>22</td> <td>88</td> <td>up to 23</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-44-lssd</code></td> <td>44</td> <td>176</td> <td>up to 32</td> <td>up to 50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-88-lssd</code></td> <td>88</td> <td>352</td> <td>up to 62</td> <td>up to 100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-176-lssd</code></td> <td>176</td> <td>704</td> <td>up to 100</td> <td>up to 200</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU represents a single hardware thread, or logical core.<br /> <sup>†</sup> For bare metal instances, the number of vCPUs is equivalent to the number of hardware threads on the host server.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Default egress bandwidth can't exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> </div> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <p>C3 doesn't support custom machine types.</p> <h3 id="c3_regions" data-text="C3 regional availability for bare metal instances" tabindex="-1">C3 regional availability for bare metal instances</h3> <p>For C3 VMs, you can view the available regions and zones in the <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones#available">Available regions and zones</a> table.</p> <ul> <li>Select <code translate="no" dir="ltr">C3</code> in the <strong>Select a machine type</strong> drop-down menu to see all the zones where you can create a C3 VM.</li> <li>You can also use the <strong>Select a location</strong> drop-down menu to limit the results to a geographical area.</li> </ul> <p>C3 bare metal instances are available in the following regions and zones:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Zone</th> <th>High-CPU</th> <th>Standard</th> <th>High-mem</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">asia-southeast1-a</code></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">europe-west1-b</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">europe-west1-c</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">europe-west4-b</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-a</code></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-central1-c</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east1-c</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east1-d</code></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east4-a</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east4-c</code></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east5-a</code></td> <td><span style="color:red"><b>—</b></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">us-east5-b</code></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> <td><span class="compare-yes"></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="c3_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for C3" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for C3</h3> <p>C3 VMs support only the NVMe disk interface and can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal SSD (performance) Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Extreme (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-extreme</code>)—Requires at least 64 vCPUs</li> <li>Hyperdisk ML (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-ml</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Throughput (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-throughput</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Balanced High Availability (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-balanced-high-availability</code>) (<a href="/products#product-launch-stages">Preview</a>)</li> <li>Local SSD—only available with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">-lssd</code> machine types</li> </ul> <p>A set amount of Local SSD disks are added to the C3 VM when you use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">-lssd</code> machine type. This is the only way to include Local SSD storage with a C3 VM.</p> <p>C3 bare metal instances support only Hyperdisk storage. You can't use Local SSD disks with bare metal instances.</p> <h4 id="disk_and_capacity_limits_5" data-text="Disk and capacity limits" tabindex="-1">Disk and capacity limits</h4> <p> For VMs running Microsoft Windows and using the NVMe disk interface, the combined number of both Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk attached volumes can't exceed a total of 16 disks. See <a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/known-issues#known_issues_for_windows_vm_instances">Known issues</a>. Local SSD volumes are excluded from this issue. </p> </p> <p>C3 storage limits are described in the following table:</p> <div> <devsite-selector> <section> <h3 id="c3-standard_1" data-text="C3 standard" tabindex="-1">C3 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per instance</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per instance</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-22</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-44</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-88</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-176</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-192-metal</code></td> <td>16<br/>(Hyperdisk only)</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>16</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3-highcpu_1" data-text="C3 highcpu" tabindex="-1">C3 highcpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per instance</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per instance</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-22</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-44</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-88</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-176</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highcpu-192-metal</code></td> <td>16<br/>(Hyperdisk only)</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>16</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3-highmem_1" data-text="C3 highmem" tabindex="-1">C3 highmem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per instance</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per instance</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-22</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-44</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-88</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-176</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-highmem-192-metal</code></td> <td>16<br/>(Hyperdisk only)</td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>Not supported</td> <td>16</td> <td>Not supported</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="c3-with-local-ssd_1" data-text="C3 with Local SSD" tabindex="-1">C3 with Local SSD</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:center">Maximum number of disks</th> <th></th> </tr> <tr> <th width="21%">Machine types</th> <th width="11%">Per VM<sup>*</sup></th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk<br />per VM</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Balanced</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk Throughput</th> <th width="12%">Hyperdisk ML</th> <th width="11%">Hyperdisk Extreme</th> <th width="14%">Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-4-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>24</td> <td>0</td> <td>1 (375 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-8-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 (750 GiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-22-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>0</td> <td>4 (1.5 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-44-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>0</td> <td>8 (3 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-88-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>16 (6 TiB)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">c3-standard-176-lssd</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>8</td> <td>32 (12 TiB)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </devsite-selector> </div> <h3 id="c3_network" data-text="Network support for C3 VMs" tabindex="-1">Network support for C3 VMs</h3> <p>The following network interface drivers are required:</p> <ul> <li>C3 VM instances require <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic">gVNIC network interfaces</a>. </li> <li>C3 bare metal instances require the <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-idpf">Intel IDPF LAN PF device driver</a>. </li> </ul> <p>C3 supports up to 100 Gbps network bandwidth for standard networking and up to 200 Gbps with per VM Tier_1 networking performance for VM and bare metal instances.</p> <p>Before migrating to C3 or creating C3 VMs or bare metal instances, make sure that the <a href="/compute/docs/images/os-details#networking">operating system image</a> that you use is fully supported for C3. Fully supported images include the IDPF network driver for bare metal instances or the updated gVNIC driver for VM instances. If an OS image is fully supported, it has the updated gVNIC driver installed, even if the guest OS shows the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">gve</code> driver version as 1.0.0. If your C3 VM is using an operating system with limited support, which includes an older version of the gVNIC driver, the VM might not be able to achieve the maximum network bandwidth for C3 VMs.</p> <p>If you use a custom OS image to create a C3 VM, you can <a href="/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic#manual-gvnic-setup">manually install the most recent gVNIC driver</a>. The gVNIC driver version v1.3.0 or later is recommended for use with C3 VMs. Google recommends using the latest gVNIC driver version to benefit from additional features and bug fixes.</p> <h2 id="n2d_machines" data-text="N2D machine series" tabindex="-1">N2D machine series</h2> <p>The N2D machine series can run on either AMD EPYC Milan or AMD EPYC Rome processors. The third generation <a href="https://www.amd.com/en/processors/epyc-7003-series" target="amd" class="external">AMD EPYC Milan processor</a> is available only in specific <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones">regions and zones</a>. To use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">AMD Milan</code> as your <a href="/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform#startinginstancewithmincpuplatform">minimum CPU platform</a>, request it when you create your VM instance.</p> <p>The N2D series provides some of the largest general-purpose machine types with up to 224 vCPUs and 896 GB of memory and vCPU to memory ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8. The AMD EPYC Rome processors in this series run with a base frequency of 2.25 GHz, an effective frequency of 2.7 GHz, and a max boost frequency of 3.3 GHz.</p> <p>In summary, the N2D series:</p> <ul> <li>Support up to 224 vCPUs and 896 GB of memory.</li> <li>Support 50 Gbps and 100 Gbps <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth network configurations</a>.</li> <li>Available in predefined and <a href="#custom_machine_types">custom VMs</a>.</li> <li>Offer higher memory-to-core ratios for VMs created with the extended memory feature. Using the extended memory feature helps you avoid per-CPU software licensing costs while providing access to more than 8 GB of memory per vCPU.</li> <li>Powered by third generation AMD EPYC Milan and second generation AMD EPYC Rome processors.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based">Flexible CUDs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">Sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Does not support GPUs or nested virtualization.</li> <li>Supports <a href="/confidential-computing/confidential-vm/docs/confidential-vm-overview">Confidential VM</a> with AMD SEV and AMD SEV-SNP.</li> </ul> <p>N2D VMs don't support GPUs or nested virtualization.</p> <h3 id="n2d_machine_types" data-text="N2D machine types" tabindex="-1">N2D machine types</h3> <p>The following table lists the features of the N2D machine series. For some machine types, certain features are not applicable (N/A).</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="n2d-standard" data-text="N2D standard" tabindex="-1">N2D standard</h3> <p>N2D standard machine types have 4 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>192</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>256</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>320</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>384</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>512</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-224</code></td> <td>224</td> <td>896</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>. <br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports high-bandwidth networking for<a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration"> larger machine types.</a> </p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2d-high-mem" data-text="N2D high-mem" tabindex="-1">N2D high-mem</h3> <p>N2D high-mem machine types have 8 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>256</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>384</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>640</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>768</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>. <br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports high-bandwidth networking for<a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration"> larger machine types.</a> </p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2d-high-cpu" data-text="N2D high-cpu" tabindex="-1">N2D high-cpu</h3> <p>N2D high-cpu machine types have 1 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>80</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>96</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-224</code></td> <td>224</td> <td>224</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>. <br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports high-bandwidth networking for<a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration"> larger machine types.</a> </p> </div> </section> </div> <p>For details on the pricing information, see the following:</p> <ul> <li>For machine type pricing, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#n2d_machine_types">VM pricing page</a>.</li> <li>Disk usage and network usage is charged separately from machine type pricing. For details, see <a href="/compute/disks-image-pricing#disks">Disk and image pricing</a> and <a href="/vpc/network-pricing">Network pricing</a>.</li> <li>For per VM Tier_1 network performance billing rates, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#high_bandwidth_configuration">Tier_1 higher bandwidth network pricing</a>.</li> </ul> <h3 id="n2d_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for N2D" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for N2D</h3> <p>N2D VMs support both the SCSI and the NVMe disk interface and can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal and regional standard Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-standard</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional SSD Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Throughput (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-throughput</code>)</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> <p>N2D VMs with Confidential Computing running Microsoft Windows with the NVMe disk interface have a disk attachment limitation of 16 disks. See <a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/known-issues#windows-disk-attachment">Known issues</a> for details.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="n2d-standard_1" data-text="N2D standard" tabindex="-1">N2D standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Max number of disks per VM, <br/> across all disks<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-64</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-80</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-96</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-standard-224</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">†</sup>The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32 TiB. </p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup> The maximum total disk size applies to all Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk disk types attached to the VM. </p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2d-high-mem_1" data-text="N2D high-mem" tabindex="-1">N2D high-mem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Max number of disks per VM per VM<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-64</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-80</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highmem-96</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">†</sup>The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32 TiB. </p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup> The maximum total disk size applies to all Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk disk types attached to the VM. </p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2d-high-cpu_1" data-text="N2D high-cpu" tabindex="-1">N2D high-cpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Max number of disks per VM<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-80</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2d-highcpu-224</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">†</sup>The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32 TiB. </p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup> The maximum total disk size applies to all Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk disk types attached to the VM. </p> </div> </section> </div> <h2 id="n2_series" data-text="N2 machine series" tabindex="-1">N2 machine series</h2> <p>The N2 machine series has flexible sizing between 2 to 128 vCPUs and 0.5 to 8 GB of memory per vCPU. Machine types in this series run on the following processors:</p> <ul> <li><p>Ice Lake—offered in specific <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones">regions and zones</a>. It is the default processor for larger machine types.</p></li> <li><p>Cascade Lake—the default for machine types up to 80 vCPUs. If you want to create VMs with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Ice Lake</code>, you must set it as the <a href="/compute/docs/instances/specify-min-cpu-platform#startinginstancewithmincpuplatform">minimum CPU platform</a>.</p></li> </ul> <p>You can find more details about these two processors on the <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms#intel_cpu_processors">CPU platforms</a> page.</p> <p>Workloads that can take advantage of the higher clock frequency are a good choice for this series. These workloads can get higher per-thread performance while benefiting from all the flexibility that the general-purpose machine family offers.</p> <p>In summary, the N2 machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Supports up to 128 vCPUs and 864 GB of memory.</li> <li>Supports 50 Gbps, 75 Gbps, and 100 Gbps <a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration">high-bandwidth network configurations</a>.</li> <li>Is available in predefined and <a href="#custom_machine_types">custom VMs</a>.</li> <li>Has higher memory-to-core ratios for VMs created with the extended memory feature. Using the extended memory feature helps control per-CPU software licensing costs while providing access to more than 8 GB of memory per vCPU.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based">Flexible CUDs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">Sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <h3 id="n2_machine_types" data-text="N2 machine types" tabindex="-1">N2 machine types</h3> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="n2-standard" data-text="N2 standard" tabindex="-1">N2 standard</h3> <p>N2 standard machine types have 4 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>192</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>256</td> <td>32</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>320</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>384</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>512</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports high-bandwidth networking for<a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration"> larger machine types.</a> </p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2-high-mem" data-text="N2 high-mem" tabindex="-1">N2 high-mem</h3> <p>N2 high-memory machine types have 8 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>256</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>384</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>32</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>640</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>768</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>864</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports high-bandwidth networking for<a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration"> larger machine types.</a> </p> </div> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2-high-cpu" data-text="N2 high-cpu" tabindex="-1">N2 high-cpu</h3> <p>N2 high-cpu machine types have 1 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Default egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>#</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>48</td> <td>32</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-80</code></td> <td>80</td> <td>80</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>96</td> <td>32</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> Supports high-bandwidth networking for<a href="/compute/docs/networking/configure-vm-with-high-bandwidth-configuration"> larger machine types.</a> </p> </div> </section> </div> <p>For details on the pricing information, see the following:</p> <ul> <li>For machine type pricing, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#n2_predefined">VM pricing page</a>.</li> <li>Disk usage and network usage is charged separately from machine type pricing. For details, see <a href="/compute/disks-image-pricing#disks">Disk and image pricing</a> and <a href="/vpc/network-pricing">Network pricing</a>.</li> <li>For per VM Tier_1 network performance billing rates, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#high_bandwidth_configuration">Tier_1 higher bandwidth network pricing</a>.</li> </ul> <h3 id="n2_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for N2" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for N2</h3> <p>N2 VMs support both the SCSI and the NVMe disk interface and can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal and regional standard Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-standard</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional SSD Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Extreme Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-extreme</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Extreme (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-extreme</code>). Not supported with custom N2 machine types.</li> <li>Hyperdisk Throughput (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-throughput</code>)</li> <li>Local SSD</li> </ul> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="n2-standard_1" data-text="N2 standard" tabindex="-1">N2 standard</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>Max number of disks per VM, <br/> across all disks<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk Extreme<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk Throughput<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-64</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-80</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-96</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-standard-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p><sup class="footnote">†</sup> The maximum size per Hyperdisk Extreme volume is 64 TiB. The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32 TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup> You can attach a mixture of Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk volumes to a VM, but the total Persistent Disk capacity can't exceed 257 TiB. </p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2-high-mem_1" data-text="N2 high-mem" tabindex="-1">N2 high-mem</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>Max number of disks per VM, <br/> across all disks<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk Extreme<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk Throughput<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-64</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-80</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-96</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highmem-128</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p><sup class="footnote">†</sup> The maximum size per Hyperdisk Extreme volume is 64 TiB. The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32 TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup> You can attach a mixture of Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk volumes to a VM, but the total Persistent Disk capacity can't exceed 257 TiB. </p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n2-high-cpu_1" data-text="N2 high-cpu" tabindex="-1">N2 high-cpu</h3> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>Max number of disks per VM, <br/> across all disks<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk Extreme<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk Throughput<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>0</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-80</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n2-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>Yes</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p><sup class="footnote">†</sup> The maximum size per Hyperdisk Extreme volume is 64 TiB. The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32 TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup> You can attach a mixture of Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk volumes to a VM, but the total Persistent Disk capacity can't exceed 257 TiB. </p> </div> </section> </div> <h2 id="e2_machine_types" data-text="E2 machine series" tabindex="-1">E2 machine series</h2> <p>The cost-optimized E2 machine series have between 2 to 32 vCPUs with a ratio of 0.5 GB to 8 GB of memory per vCPU for standard VMs, and 0.25 to 1 vCPUs with 0.5 GB to 8 GB of memory for shared-core E2 machine types. The E2 machine series offers both Intel and AMD EPYC processors. The processor is selected for you at the time of VM creation. Machine types in this series are available in all regions and zones and support a <a href="/compute/docs/dynamic-resource-management#virtio-memory-device">virtio memory balloon device</a>.</p> <p>In summary, the E2 machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Supports up to 32 vCPUs and 128 GB of memory.</li> <li>Supports Intel and AMD EPYC Rome and Milan processors.</li> <li>Is available in predefined and <a href="#custom_machine_types">custom VMs</a>.</li> <li>Offers the lowest on demand pricing across the general-purpose machine types.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based">Flexible CUDs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Does not offer <a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a>; however, it provides consistently low on-demand and committed-use pricing.</li> <li>Does not support GPUs, Local SSDs, sole-tenant nodes, or nested virtualization.</li> </ul> <h3 id="sharedcore" data-text="Shared-core VMs" tabindex="-1">Shared-core VMs</h3> <p>The E2 machine series also contains shared-core machine types that use context- switching to time-share a physical core between vCPUs for multitasking. Different shared-core machine types sustain different amounts of time on a physical core.</p> <p>Unlike predefined machine types and custom machine types, shared-core machine types have a predefined price that includes both vCPUs and memory. For more information, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#e2_sharedcore_machine_types">VM instance pricing</a>.</p> <h4 id="cpu-bursting" data-text="CPU bursting" tabindex="-1">CPU bursting</h4> <p>Shared-core machine types offer bursting capabilities that allow instances to use additional physical CPU for short periods of time. Bursting happens automatically when your VM requires more physical CPU than originally allocated. During these spikes, your VM will opportunistically take advantage of available physical CPU in bursts. Note that bursts are not permanent and are only possible periodically. <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-micro</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-small</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-medium</code> shared-core VMs can burst for dozens of seconds.</li> <li>If the CPU is utilized at 100%, then the burst lasts as follows:</li> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-micro</code>: 30 seconds</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-small</code>: 60 seconds</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-medium</code> 120 seconds</li> </ul> </ul> The exact burst time is determined by a <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_bucket" class="external">Token bucket</a> meaning utilizing the CPU less than 100% will result in longer bursts. Bursting doesn't incur any additional charges. You are charged the listed on-demand price for <code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2 shared-core</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">f1-micro</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">g1-small</code> VMs.</p> <h3 id="e2_limitations" data-text="E2 Limitations" tabindex="-1">E2 Limitations</h3> <ul> <li>The E2 machine series does not offer SUDs; however, it provides consistently low on-demand and committed-use pricing.</li> <li>The E2 machine series does not support GPUs, Local SSDs, sole-tenant nodes, or nested virtualization.</li> </ul> <h3 id="e2_machine_types_table" data-text="E2 machine types" tabindex="-1">E2 machine types</h3> <p>E2 is available in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">standard</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highmem</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">highcpu</code> configurations, as well as shared-core machine type. In general, E2 shared-core machine types can be more cost-effective for running small, non-resource intensive applications than standard, high-memory, or high-CPU machine types.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="e2-standard" data-text="E2 standard" tabindex="-1">E2 standard</h3> <p>E2 standard machine types have 4 GB of system memory per vCPU. </p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs</th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th>Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine pricing</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="e2-high-mem" data-text="E2 high-mem" tabindex="-1">E2 high-mem</h3> <p>E2 high-memory machine types have 8 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs</th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total Persistent Disk size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th>Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>64</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine pricing</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup>Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="e2-high-cpu" data-text="E2 high-cpu" tabindex="-1">E2 high-cpu</h3> <p>E2 high-cpu machine types have 1 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="25%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs</th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th>Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine pricing</a>. <br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="e2-shared-core" data-text="E2 shared-core" tabindex="-1">E2 shared-core</h3> <p>E2 shared-core machine types are cost-effective, have a virtio memory balloon device, and are ideal for small workloads. When you use E2 shared-core machine types, your VM runs two vCPUs simultaneously shared on one physical core for a specific fraction of time depending on the machine type. Each vCPU can burst up to 100% of CPU time, for short periods, before returning to the time limitations described in the preceding section.</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-micro</code> sustains 2 vCPUs, each for 12.5% of <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time">CPU time</a> totaling 25% CPU time.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-small</code> sustains 2 vCPUs, each at 25% of <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time">CPU time</a> totaling 50% CPU time.</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-medium</code> sustains 2 vCPUs, each at 50% of <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time">CPU time</a> totaling 100% CPU time.</li> </ul> <div> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="25%">Description</th> <th>vCPUs</th> <th>Fractional vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th>Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-micro</code></td> <td> Micro machine type with 0.25 vCPU and 1 GB of memory, backed by a shared physical core. </td> <td>2</td> <td>0.25<sup>*</sup></td> <td>1</td> <td>16</td> <td>3</td> <td>no</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-small</code></td> <td> Small machine type with 0.5 vCPU and 2 GB of memory, backed by a shared physical core. </td> <td>2</td> <td>0.5<sup>*</sup></td> <td>2</td> <td>16</td> <td>3</td> <td>no</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-medium</code></td> <td> Medium machine type with 1 vCPU and 4 GB of memory, backed by a shared physical core. </td> <td>2</td> <td>1<sup>*</sup></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>3</td> <td>no</td> <td>2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <sup>*</sup> Fractional vCPU of 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 with 2 vCPUs exposed to the guest operating system.<br /> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine pricing</a>. <br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </div> </section> </div> <h3 id="e2_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for E2 VMs" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for E2 VMs</h3> <p>E2 VMs can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal and regional balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional SSD Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional standard Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-standard</code>)</li> </ul> <h2 id="n1_machines" data-text="N1 machine series" tabindex="-1">N1 machine series</h2> <p>The N1 machine series is Compute Engine's first generation general-purpose machine series available on Intel Skylake, Broadwell, Haswell, Sandy Bridge, and Ivy Bridge CPU platforms.</p> <p>In summary, the N1 machine series:</p> <ul> <li>Supports up to 96 vCPUs and 624 GB of memory.</li> <li>Has both predefined machine types and custom machine types. Custom machine types can be created within a wide range of memory-to-core ratio, ranging from 1 GB per vCPU to 6.5 GB per vCPU.</li> <li>Offers higher memory-to-core ratios for VMs created with the extended memory feature.</li> <li>Supports the following discount and consumption options: <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#spend_based">Flexible CUDs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">Sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a>; N1 machine series offers a higher SUD percentage than the N2 machine series.</li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Supports <a href="/tpu/docs/tpus">Tensor Processing Units (TPUs)</a> in select <a href="/tpu/docs/types-zones">zones</a>.</li> <li>Can support up to <a href="/vpc/docs/create-use-multiple-interfaces#max-interfaces">8 virtual interfaces per instance</a>.</li> </ul> <h3 id="n1_machine_types" data-text="N1 machine types" tabindex="-1">N1 machine types</h3> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 id="n1-standard" data-text="N1 standard" tabindex="-1">N1 standard</h3> <p>N1 standard machine types have 3.75 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th width="15%">Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th width="15%">Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-1</code></td> <td>1</td> <td>3.75</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>2</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>7.50</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>15</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>30</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>60</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>120</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>240</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-standard-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>360</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine type pricing</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> 32 Gbps for Skylake or later <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>. 16 Gbps for all other platforms.</p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n1-high-memory" data-text="N1 high-memory" tabindex="-1">N1 high-memory</h3> <p>N1 high-memory machine types have 6.5 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th width="15%">Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th width="15%">Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>13</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>26</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>52</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>104</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>208</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>416</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highmem-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>624</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine type pricing</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> 32 Gbps for Skylake or later <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>. 16 Gbps for all other platforms.</p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n1-high-cpu" data-text="N1 high-cpu" tabindex="-1">N1 high-cpu</h3> <p>N1 high-cpu machine types have 0.9 GB of system memory per vCPU. High-CPU machine types are ideal for tasks that require a moderate increase of vCPUs relative to memory.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th width="15%">Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th width="15%">Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>1.80</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>3.60</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>7.20</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>14.4</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>28.8</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-64</code></td> <td>64</td> <td>57.6</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">n1-highcpu-96</code></td> <td>96</td> <td>86.4</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>32<sup>#</sup></td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> A vCPU is implemented as a single hardware thread, or logical core, on one of the available <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">machine type pricing</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>.<br /> <sup>#</sup> 32 Gbps for Skylake or later <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>. 16 Gbps for all other platforms.</p> </div> </section> <section> <h3 id="n1-shared-core" data-text="N1 shared-core " tabindex="-1">N1 shared-core </h3> <p>Each vCPU can burst up to 100% of CPU time, for short periods, before returning to their prescribed CPU time limitations.</p> <ul> <li>When you run an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">f1-micro</code>, your VM sustains a single vCPU for up to 20% of <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time">CPU time</a>. </li> <li>When you run a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">g1-small</code>, your VM sustains a single vCPU for up to 50% of <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_time">CPU time</a>. </li> </ul> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th width="25%">Description</th> <th>vCPUs</th> <th>Fractional vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th>Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">f1-micro</code></td> <td> Micro machine type with 0.2 vCPU and 0.6 GB of memory, backed by a shared physical core. </td> <td>1</td> <td>0.2<sup>*</sup></td> <td>0.60</td> <td>16</td> <td>3</td> <td>No</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">g1-small</code></td> <td> Small machine type with 0.5 vCPU and 1.70 GB of memory, backed by a shared physical core. </td> <td>1</td> <td>0.5<sup>*</sup></td> <td>1.70</td> <td>16</td> <td>3</td> <td>No</td> <td>1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <sup>*</sup> Fractional vCPU of 0.2 or 0.5, with 1 vCPU exposed to the guest operating system.<br /> <sup>†</sup> Persistent Disk and Hyperdisk usage is charged separately from <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing">VM pricing</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </section> </div> <h3 id="n1_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for N1 VMs" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for N1 VMs</h3> <p>N1 VMs can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal and regional balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional SSD Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Zonal and regional standard Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-standard</code>)</li> <li>Local SSD disks</li> </ul> <h2 id="t2a_machines" data-text="Tau T2A machine series" tabindex="-1">Tau T2A machine series</h2> <p>The Tau T2A machine series runs on the Ampere Altra Arm processor with a base frequency of 3.0 GHz. Tau T2A offers predefined machine types with 1 to 48 vCPUs, supports 4 GB of memory per vCPU, and offers a maximum of 32 Gbps of outbound data transfer.</p> <p>This series is available only in select <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones#available">regions and zones</a>.</p> <p>The Tau T2A machine series doesn't support simultaneous multithreading (SMT); each vCPU is equivalent to an entire core.</p> <h3 id="t2a_machine_types" data-text="Tau T2A machine types" tabindex="-1">Tau T2A machine types</h3> <p>Tau T2A standard machine types have 4 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th>Max number of Persistent Disk (PDs)<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total PD size (TiB)</th> <th>Local SSD</th> <th width="15%">Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th width="15%">Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-1</code></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2a-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>192</td> <td>128</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> SMT is not supported. Each vCPU is equivalent to an entire core. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </p> </div> </p> <h3 id="t2a_limitations" data-text="Tau T2A Limitations" tabindex="-1">Tau T2A Limitations</h3> <p>The Tau T2A machine series does not support:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/general-purpose-machines#custom_machine_types">Custom machine types</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes">Sole tenant nodes</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/nested-virtualization/overview">Nested virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/disks/extreme-persistent-disk">Extreme Persistent Disk</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/disks/local-ssd">Local SSD</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/disks/high-availability-regional-persistent-disk">Regional Persistent Disk</a></li> <li>Virtio-SCSI Storage Controller and Virtio-Net Ethernet Adapter</li> <li>Windows Server or Windows Client OS</li> <li>32-bit mode ELO (guest userspace support)</li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview">Committed use discounts (CUDs)</a> or <a href="/compute/docs/sustained-use-discounts">Sustained use discounts (SUDs)</a>; however, it offers <a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VM discounts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display#restrictions">Virtual display devices</a></li> </ul> <p>T2A supports the <a href="/compute/shielded-vm/docs/shielded-vm#secure-boot">Secure boot</a> feature, but not all public OS images for T2A support secure boot.</p> <h3 id="t2a_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for T2A" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for T2A</h3> <p>T2A VMs support only the NVMe disk interface and can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal standard Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-standard</code>)</li> <li>Zonal balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal SSD (performance) Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> </ul> <p> <p> For VMs running Microsoft Windows and using the NVMe disk interface, the combined number of both Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk attached volumes can't exceed a total of 16 disks. See <a href="/compute/docs/troubleshooting/known-issues#known_issues_for_windows_vm_instances">Known issues</a>. Local SSD volumes are excluded from this issue. </p> </p> <h2 id="t2d_machines" data-text="Tau T2D machine series" tabindex="-1">Tau T2D machine series</h2> <p>The Tau T2D machine series run on the third generation <a href="https://www.amd.com/en/processors/epyc-7003-series" target="amd" class="external">AMD EPYC Milan processor</a> with a base frequency of 2.45 GHz, an effective frequency of 2.8 GHz, and a max boost frequency of 3.5 GHz. This series has predefined machine types of up to 60 vCPUs, support 4 GB of memory per vCPU, and a maximum of 32 Gbps outbound data transfer. It also supports the following discount and consumption options:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/committed-use-discounts-overview#resource_based">Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs)</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/spot">Spot VMs</a></li> <li><a href="/compute/docs/instances/reservations-overview">Reservations</a></li> </ul> <p>This series is available only in select <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones#available">regions and zones</a>.</p> <p>Machine types in the Tau T2D machine series have simultaneous multithreading (SMT) disabled; therefore a vCPU is equivalent to an entire core.</p> <h3 id="t2d_limitations" data-text="Tau T2D Limitations" tabindex="-1">Tau T2D Limitations</h3> <p>Tau T2D VMs do not support:</p> <ul> <li>Local SSD</li> <li>Regional Persistent Disk</li> <li>Custom VMs</li> <li>Sole-tenant nodes</li> <li>Extreme Persistent Disk</li> <li>GPUs</li> <li>Nested virtualization</li> <li>Flexible CUDs</li> <li>Sustained use discounts (SUDs)</li> <li>Confidential VMs</li> </ul> <h3 id="t2d_machine_types" data-text="Tau T2D machine types" tabindex="-1">Tau T2D machine types</h3> <p>Tau T2D standard machine types have 4 GB of system memory per vCPU.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th width="20%">Machine types</th> <th>vCPUs<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Memory (GB)</th> <th width="15%">Maximum egress bandwidth (Gbps)<sup>‡</sup></th> <th width="15%">Tier 1 egress bandwidth (Gbps)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-1</code></td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-2</code></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-4</code></td> <td>4</td> <td>16</td> <td>10</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-8</code></td> <td>8</td> <td>32</td> <td>16</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-16</code></td> <td>16</td> <td>64</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-32</code></td> <td>32</td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-48</code></td> <td>48</td> <td>192</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-60</code></td> <td>60</td> <td>240</td> <td>32</td> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p><sup>*</sup> SMT is not supported. Each vCPU is equivalent to an entire core. See <a href="/compute/docs/cpu-platforms">CPU platforms</a>.<br /> <sup>‡</sup> Maximum egress bandwidth cannot exceed the number given. Actual egress bandwidth depends on the destination IP address and other factors. See <a href="/compute/docs/network-bandwidth">Network bandwidth</a>. </p> </div> </p> <p>For details on the pricing information, see the following:</p> <ul> <li>For machine type pricing, see <a href="/compute/vm-instance-pricing#t2d_machine_types">VM pricing page</a>.</li> <li>Disk usage and network usage is charged separately from machine type pricing. For details, see <a href="/compute/disks-image-pricing#disks">Disk and image pricing</a> and <a href="/vpc/network-pricing">Network pricing</a>.</li> </ul> <h3 id="t2d_disks" data-text="Supported disk types for T2D" tabindex="-1">Supported disk types for T2D</h3> <p>T2D VMs support both the SCSI and the NVMe disk interface and can use the following block storage types:</p> <ul> <li>Zonal standard Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-standard</code>)</li> <li>Zonal balanced Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-balanced</code>)</li> <li>Zonal SSD (performance) Persistent Disk (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">pd-ssd</code>)</li> <li>Hyperdisk Throughput (<code translate="no" dir="ltr">hyperdisk-throughput</code>)</li> </ul> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Machine types</th> <th width="20%">Max number of disks per VM<sup>*</sup></th> <th>Max number of Hyperdisk<br/>volumes per VM<sup>†</sup></th> <th>Max total disk size (TiB)<br/>across all disks<sup>‡</sup></th> <th>Local SSD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-1</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-2</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>20</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-4</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>24</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-8</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>32</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-16</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>48</td> <td>257</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-32</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-48</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>No</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code translate="no" dir="ltr">t2d-standard-60</code></td> <td>128</td> <td>64</td> <td>512</td> <td>No</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="font-size: 10pt"> <p> <sup class="footnote">*</sup> The maximum size per Persistent Disk volume is 64 TiB.</p> <p><sup class="footnote">†</sup>The maximum size per Hyperdisk Throughput volume is 32  TiB.</p> <p> <sup class="footnote">‡</sup>You can attach a mixture of Hyperdisk and Persistent Disk volumes to a VM, but the total Persistent Disk capacity can't exceed 257 TiB. </p> </div> <h2 id="custom_machine_types" data-text="Custom machine types" tabindex="-1">Custom machine types</h2> <p>If none of the predefined machine types in the general-purpose machine family match your workload needs, you can create a VM with a custom machine type.</p> <p>Creating a VM with a custom machine type is ideal for workloads that require more processing power or more memory, but don't need all of the upgrades that are provided by the next larger predefined machine type.</p> <p>It costs slightly more to use a custom machine type than an equivalent predefined machine type, and there are limitations in the amount of memory and vCPUs that you can select. The on-demand prices for custom machine types include a 5% premium over the on-demand and commitment prices for predefined machine types.</p> <p>You can create a VM with a custom machine type for only the N and E machine series in the general-purpose machine family. Custom machine types are not available for the C and Tau machine series. Custom machine types are subject to the same Persistent Disk limits as E2, N2, and N1 predefined machine types. The maximum total Persistent Disk size for each VM is 257 TiB and the max number of Persistent Disk is 128. N4 custom machines types are subject to the limitations of <a href="/compute/docs/disks/hyperdisks#hyperdisk-capacity">Hyperdisk capacity</a> storage.</p> <p>If a custom machine type doesn't meet your requirements, it's possible to <a href="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores">customize the number of visible CPU cores</a> on many machine types. It's also possible to <a href="/compute/docs/instances/set-threads-per-core">set the number of threads per core</a> for certain machine types. You can make these changes during VM instance creation, or by editing an existing VM instance. Reducing the number of visible cores might impact the cost of your VMs. Be sure to review <a href="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores#pricing">pricing</a> prior to making any changes.</p> <div class="ds-selector-tabs" data-ds-scope="code-sample"> <section> <h3 class="two-line-tab" id="n4-custom-machine-types" data-text="N4 custom machine types" tabindex="-1">N4 custom machine types</h3> <ul> <li>For N4 custom machine types, you can create a machine type with 2 to 80 vCPUs with the vCPUs in multiples of 2, and memory between 1 and 640 GB. </li> <li>By default, the memory per vCPU that you can select for a custom machine type is determined by the machine series you use. For the N4 machine series, select between 1 GB and 8 GB per vCPU in 256 MB increments. When creating a standard N4 machine type, the minimum memory you can select is 1 GB. Higher amounts of memory are possible by enabling <a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type#extendedmemory">extended memory.</a> </li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of invalid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 0.5 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the total memory is less than the minimum 1 GB for an N4 VM.</li> <li><b>1 vCPU, 1024 MB of memory</b>. Invalid because the vCPU count is too small. N4 custom machine types require a minimum of 2 vCPUs.</li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of valid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>36 vCPUs, 18 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because the total number of vCPUs is even and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is also within the acceptable range of 1 GB to 8 GB per vCPU. </li> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 7 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because it has 2 vCPUs, which is the minimum value, and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is also within the acceptable range of 1 GB to 8 GB per vCPU.</li> </ul> </section> <section> <h3 class="two-line-tab" id="n2d-custom-machine-types" data-text="N2D custom machine types" tabindex="-1">N2D custom machine types</h3> <ul> <li> The maximum number of vCPUs allowed for a custom machine type is determined by the machine series you choose. For the N2D machine series, which support AMD EPYC Rome and Milan platforms, you can deploy custom machine types with 2 to 96 vCPUs. </li> <li> You can create N2D custom machine types with 2, 4, 8, or 16 vCPUs. After 16, you can increment the number of vCPUs by 16, up to 96 vCPUs. The minimum acceptable number of vCPUs is 2. </li> <li>By default, the memory per vCPU that you can select for a custom machine type is determined by the machine series you choose. For N2D machine types, select between 0.5 GB and 8.0 GB per vCPU in 256 MB increments. Higher amounts of memory are possible by enabling <a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type#extendedmemory">extended memory.</a></li> <li> N2D custom machine types are available only in select <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones#available">regions and zones.</a></li> <li> N2D custom machine types support per VM Tier_1 networking performance maximum egress limits of 50 Gbps to 100 Gbps. When enabled: <ul> <li>VMs with 48 to 94 vCPUs have a total egress limit of 50 Gbps.</li> <li>VMs with 96 vCPUs have a total egress limit of 100 Gbps.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of invalid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 0.4 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the total memory is less than the minimum 1 GB for an N2D VM.</li> <li><b>34 vCPUs, 34 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the total number of vCPUs is not divisible by 16.</li> <li><b>1 vCPU, 1024 MB of memory</b>. Invalid because the vCPU count is too small. N2D custom machine types require a minimum of 2 vCPUs.</li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of valid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>32 vCPUs, 16 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because the total number of vCPUs is even and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is 1 GB, which satisfies the minimum requirement. Because the number of vCPUs is larger than 8 vCPUs, the number of vCPUs must be divisible by 16.</li> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 7 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because it has 2 vCPUs, which is the minimum value, and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is also within the acceptable range of 1 GB to 8 GB per vCPU.</li> </ul> </section> <section> <h3 class="two-line-tab" id="n2-custom-machine-types" data-text="N2 custom machine types" tabindex="-1">N2 custom machine types</h3> <ul> <li>For N2 custom machine types, you can create a machine type with 2 to 80 vCPUs and memory between 1 and 864 GB. For machine types with up to 32 vCPUs, you can select a vCPU count that is a multiple of 2. For machine types with greater than 32 vCPUs, you must select a vCPU count that is a multiple of 4 (for example, 36, 40, 56, or 80).</li> <li>You can create N2 custom machine types on different processors: <ul> <li><b>Cascade Lake</b>, the 2nd generation of the Intel Xeon processor. This is the default processor for N2 custom machine types with less than 80 vCPUs. </li> <li><b>Ice Lake</b>, the 3rd generation of the Intel Xeon processor. Ice Lake processors are available in specific <a href="/compute/docs/regions-zones">regions and zones</a>. </li> </ul> </li> <li>By default, the memory per vCPU that you can select for a custom machine type is determined by the machine series you use. For the N2 machine series, select between 0.5 GB and 8.0 GB per vCPU in 256 MB increments. Higher amounts of memory are possible by enabling <a href="/compute/docs/instances/creating-instance-with-custom-machine-type#extendedmemory">extended memory.</a> </li> <li>N2 custom machine types have an option for a per VM Tier_1 networking performance maximum egress of 50 Gbps to 100 Gbps with a minimum of 30 vCPUs. <ul> <li>32 to 62 vCPUs have a total egress of 50 Gbps</li> <li>64 to 78 vCPUs have a total egress of 75 Gbps</li> <li>80 vCPUs have a total egress of 100 Gbps</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of invalid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 0.5 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the total memory is less than the minimum 1 GB for an N2 VM.</li> <li><b>34 vCPUs, 34 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the total number of vCPUs is not divisible by 4.</li> <li><b>1 vCPU, 1024 MB of memory</b>. Invalid because the vCPU count is too small. N2 custom machine types require a minimum of 2 vCPUs.</li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of valid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>36 vCPUs, 18 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because the total number of vCPUs is even and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is also within the acceptable range of 0.5 GB to 8 GB per vCPU. Because the number of vCPUs is larger than 32 vCPUs, the number of vCPUs must be divisible by 4.</li> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 7 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because it has 2 vCPUs, which is the minimum value, and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is also within the acceptable range of 0.5 GB to 8 GB per vCPU.</li> </ul> </section> <section> <h3 class="two-line-tab" id="e2-custom-machine-types" data-text="E2 custom machine types" tabindex="-1">E2 custom machine types</h3> <ul> <li>E2 custom machine types support predefined platforms with Intel or AMD EPYC processors. You can create E2 custom machine types with vCPUs in multiples of 2, up to 32 vCPUs. The minimum acceptable number of vCPUs for a VM is 2. </li> <li>By default, the general-purpose machine series you choose determines the memory per vCPU that you can select for a custom machine type. For E2, the ratio of memory per vCPU is 0.5 GB to 8 GB inclusive. When creating a standard E2 machine type, the minimum memory you can select is 1 GB. </li> <li>An exception to the minimum vCPU limitation is to create an e2-standard-2 VM, then customize the visible core to 1 vCPU. The resulting VM is an e2-custom VM. For example, you create an E2 VM using the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-standard-2</code> machine type, stop the VM, and edit it by changing the visible core to 1 vCPU with 1.25 GB of memory. As a result, the machine type changes to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-custom-2-1280</code>. Pricing is described in the <a href="/compute/docs/instances/customize-visible-cores#pricing)">Customize the number of visible CPU cores</a> document. </li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of invalid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>1 vCPU, 1024 MB of memory</b>. Invalid because the vCPU count is too small. E2 custom machine types require a minimum of 2 vCPUs.</li> <li><b>32 vCPUs, 1 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the ratio of vCPUs to memory is incorrect. The acceptable ratio is 0.5 GB of memory to 1 vCPU.</li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of valid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>32 vCPUs, 16 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because the total number of vCPUs is even and the total memory is an acceptable ratio of memory to vCPU. </li> <li><b>2 vCPUs, 8 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because it has 2 vCPUs, which is the minimum value, and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is also within the acceptable range of 0.5 GB to 8 GB per vCPU.</li> </ul> </section> <section> <h3 class="two-line-tab" id="e2-shared-core-custom-machine-types" data-text="E2 shared-core custom machine types" tabindex="-1">E2 shared-core custom machine types</h3> <p>E2 shared-core machine types support predefined Intel or AMD EPYC processors, which are preselected for you at the time of VM creation. You can create shared-core machine types with a vCPU range of 0.25 to 1 vCPU. The memory range is 1 to 8 GB, with a maximum ratio of 8 GB per vCPU.</p> <p>You can't customize the number of visible cores on a shared-core E2 VM.</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-micro</code>: 0.25 vCPU, 1 to 2 GB of memory</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-small</code>: 0.50 vCPU, 1 to 4 GB of memory</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">e2-medium</code>: 1 vCPU, 1 to 8 GB of memory</li> </ul> </section> <section> <h3 class="two-line-tab" id="n1-custom-machine-types" data-text="N1 custom machine types" tabindex="-1">N1 custom machine types</h3> <ul> <li>You can create N1 custom machine types with 1 or more vCPUs. For VMs with more than 1 vCPU, you must increment the number of vCPUs by 2, up to 96 vCPUs for Intel Skylake platform,or up to 64 vCPUs for Intel Broadwell, Haswell, or Ivy Bridge CPU platforms.</li> <li>By default, the memory per vCPU that you can select for a custom machine type is determined by the machine series you choose. For N1 machine types, select between 1 GB and 6.5 GB per vCPU, inclusive. Higher amounts of memory are possible by enabling extended memory.</li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of invalid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>1 vCPU, 0.2 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the total memory is less than the minimum 1 GB for an N1 VM. </li> <li><b>3 vCPU, 1 GB of total memory</b>. Invalid because the number of vCPU cores must be 1 or an even number up to 96. </li> </ul> <p><b>Examples of valid machine types:</b></p> <ul> <li><b>32 vCPUs, 29 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because the total number of vCPUs is even and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. The amount of memory per vCPU is 1 GB, which satisfies the minimum requirement.</li> <li><b>1 vCPU, 1 GB of total memory</b>. Valid because it has one vCPU, which is the minimum value, and the total memory is a multiple of 256 MB. 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