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href="#Chronologie_machthebbers_&_oorlogen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Chronologie machthebbers & oorlogen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chronologie_machthebbers_&_oorlogen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Chronologie machthebbers & oorlogen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chronologie_machthebbers_&_oorlogen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Markgraafschap_(ca._850–1038)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markgraafschap_(ca._850–1038)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Markgraafschap (ca. 850–1038)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markgraafschap_(ca._850–1038)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koninkrijk_(1038–1230)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koninkrijk_(1038–1230)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Koninkrijk (1038–1230)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koninkrijk_(1038–1230)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maatschappij,_economie_en_cultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maatschappij,_economie_en_cultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Maatschappij, economie en cultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Maatschappij,_economie_en_cultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Maatschappij, economie en cultuur-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Maatschappij,_economie_en_cultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wieg_parlementaire_democratie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wieg_parlementaire_democratie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Wieg parlementaire democratie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wieg_parlementaire_democratie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koninkrijk Castilië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 64 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Castiella" title="Reino de Castiella – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino de Castiella" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="مملكة قشتالة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة قشتالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مملكة كاستييا – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملكة كاستييا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_de_Castiella" title="Reinu de Castiella – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu de Castiella" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastiliya_krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kastiliya krallığı – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kastiliya krallığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="کاستیل شاهلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاستیل شاهلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каралеўства Кастылія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каралеўства Кастылія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кралство Кастилия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кралство Кастилия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouantelezh_Kastilha" title="Rouantelezh Kastilha – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rouantelezh Kastilha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_de_Castella" title="Regne de Castella – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne de Castella" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilsk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Kastilské království – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kastilské království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyrnas_Castilla" title="Teyrnas Castilla – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teyrnas Castilla" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongeriget_Castilien" title="Kongeriget Castilien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kongeriget Castilien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigreich_Kastilien" title="Königreich Kastilien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Königreich Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Βασίλειο της Καστίλης – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο της Καστίλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kingdom of Castile" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Castilla" title="Reino de Castilla – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Castilla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastiilia_kuningriik" title="Kastiilia kuningriik – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kastiilia kuningriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaztelako_Erresuma" title="Gaztelako Erresuma – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gaztelako Erresuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_de_Castilla" title="Reinu de Castilla – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Reinu de Castilla" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پادشاهی کاستیا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی کاستیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Castille" title="Royaume de Castille – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Castille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keninkryk_Kastylje" title="Keninkryk Kastylje – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Keninkryk Kastylje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor%C3%B3in_na_Caist%C3%ADle" title="Coróin na Caistíle – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Coróin na Caistíle" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Castela" title="Reino de Castela – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino de Castela" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="ממלכת קסטיליה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת קסטיליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevina_Kastilija" title="Kraljevina Kastilija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kraljevina Kastilija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszt%C3%ADliai_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g" title="Kasztíliai Királyság – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kasztíliai Királyság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կաստիլիայի թագավորություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաստիլիայի թագավորություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kastilia" title="Kerajaan Kastilia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Kastilia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejio_Kastilia" title="Rejio Kastilia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rejio Kastilia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki%C3%B0_Kastil%C3%ADa" title="Konungsríkið Kastilía – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungsríkið Kastilía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Castiglia" title="Regno di Castiglia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Castiglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="カスティーリャ王国 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カスティーリャ王国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="კასტილიის სამეფო – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კასტილიის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%BC_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="카스티야 왕국 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카스티야 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyaniya_Kast%C3%AElyay%C3%AA" title="Keyaniya Kastîlyayê – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keyaniya Kastîlyayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Castellae" title="Regnum Castellae – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum Castellae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena_de_Castelia" title="Rena de Castelia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rena de Castelia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilijos_karalyst%C4%97" title="Kastilijos karalystė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kastilijos karalystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kast%C4%ABlijas_Karaliste" title="Kastīlijas Karaliste – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kastīlijas Karaliste" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Кралство Кастиља – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кралство Кастиља" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8met_Castilla" title="Kongedømet Castilla – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kongedømet Castilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Castilla" title="Kongedømmet Castilla – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongedømmet Castilla" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiaume_de_Castelha" title="Reiaume de Castelha – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reiaume de Castelha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Kastylii" title="Królestwo Kastylii – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo Kastylii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AA" title="قشتالہ بادشاہت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قشتالہ بادشاہت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Castela" title="Reino de Castela – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Castela" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_Castiliei" title="Regatul Castiliei – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regatul Castiliei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Королевство Кастилия – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Королевство Кастилия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinrick_o_Castile" title="Kinrick o Castile – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kinrick o Castile" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevina_Kastilja" title="Kraljevina Kastilja – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljevina Kastilja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom of Castile" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Краљевина Кастиља – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Краљевина Кастиља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungariket_Kastilien" title="Kungariket Kastilien – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kungariket Kastilien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ราชอาณาจักรกัสติยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชอาณาจักรกัสติยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastilya_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kastilya Krallığı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kastilya Krallığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кастильське королівство – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кастильське королівство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81" title="مملکت قشتالہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت قشتالہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Castilla" title="Vương quốc Castilla – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương quốc Castilla" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="卡斯蒂利亚王国 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡斯蒂利亚王国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="卡斯蒂利亚王国 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡斯蒂利亚王国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3"><i>Reino de Castilla</i><br />Koninkrijk Castilië </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Markgraafschap" class="mw-redirect" title="Markgraafschap">markgraafschap</a> van <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Asturi%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Asturië">Asturië</a>/<a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Le%C3%B3n" title="Koninkrijk León">León</a> 860-1038<br />personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Le%C3%B3n" title="Koninkrijk León">León</a> 1037-1157 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Le%C3%B3n" title="Koninkrijk León">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Koninkrijk León"><img alt="Koninkrijk León" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg/25px-Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg/38px-Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg/50px-Banner_of_arms_kingdom_of_Leon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Navarra" title="Koninkrijk Navarra">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bandera_Navarra.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Koninkrijk Navarra"><img alt="Koninkrijk Navarra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bandera_Navarra.png/25px-Bandera_Navarra.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bandera_Navarra.png/38px-Bandera_Navarra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bandera_Navarra.png/50px-Bandera_Navarra.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><big><b>1065 – 1230</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kroon van Castilië"><img alt="Kroon van Castilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg/25px-Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg/38px-Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg/50px-Bandera_de_la_Corona_de_Castilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="687" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kroon_van_Castili%C3%AB" title="Kroon van Castilië">→</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Castile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Castile.svg/125px-Flag_of_Castile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Castile.svg/188px-Flag_of_Castile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Castile.svg/250px-Flag_of_Castile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Royal_Arms_of_Castille_(1214-15th_Century).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg/75px-Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg/113px-Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg/150px-Royal_Arms_of_Castille_%281214-15th_Century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vlag_van_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vlag van Castilië (de pagina bestaat niet)">Details</a>)</small> </td> <td><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Castilië (de pagina bestaat niet)">Details</a>)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Kaart </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:506-Castile_1210.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Castilië in 1210; León-Galicië was toen onafhankelijk."><img alt="Castilië in 1210; León-Galicië was toen onafhankelijk." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/506-Castile_1210.png/266px-506-Castile_1210.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/506-Castile_1210.png/399px-506-Castile_1210.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/506-Castile_1210.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="506" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small>Castilië in 1210; León-Galicië was toen onafhankelijk.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Algemene gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">Hoofdstad</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Burgos_(Spanje)" title="Burgos (Spanje)">Burgos</a> (860–1087)<br /><a href="/wiki/Toledo_(Spanje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo (Spanje)">Toledo</a> (1087–1230) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taal_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taal (hoofdbetekenis)">Talen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spaans_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaans (hoofdbetekenis)">Castiliaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baskisch" title="Baskisch">Baskisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicisch" title="Galicisch">Galicisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturisch" title="Asturisch">Asturisch</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Religie" title="Religie">Religie(s)</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rooms-katholiek" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooms-katholiek">Rooms-katholiek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">jodendom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Regering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">Regeringsvorm</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Koning_(titel)" title="Koning (titel)">Koninkrijk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd">Staatshoofd</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Koning_(titel)" title="Koning (titel)">Koning</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Het <b>koninkrijk Castilië</b> was een van de middeleeuwse koninkrijken van het <a href="/wiki/Iberisch_Schiereiland" title="Iberisch Schiereiland">Iberisch Schiereiland</a>. Het evolueerde naar een politieke autonome entiteit in de 9e eeuw. Eerst was het een <a href="/wiki/Vazalstaat" title="Vazalstaat">vazalstaat</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Le%C3%B3n" title="Koninkrijk León">koninkrijk León</a>. De naam stamt af van de kastelen die er in de regio gebouwd werden. Het is een voorloper van het huidige koninkrijk <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a>. Historici nemen aan dat hier de wieg van de Europese <a href="/wiki/Parlementaire_democratie" title="Parlementaire democratie">parlementaire democratie</a> stond.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronologie_machthebbers_&_oorlogen"><span id="Chronologie_machthebbers_.26_oorlogen"></span>Chronologie machthebbers & oorlogen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Chronologie machthebbers & oorlogen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Chronologie machthebbers & oorlogen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Markgraafschap_(ca._850–1038)"><span id="Markgraafschap_.28ca._850.E2.80.931038.29"></span>Markgraafschap (ca. 850–1038)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Markgraafschap (ca. 850–1038)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Markgraafschap (ca. 850–1038)"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nadat het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Asturi%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Asturië">koninkrijk Asturië</a> er in de 8e eeuw in geslaagd was de <a href="/wiki/Moren" title="Moren">Moren</a> te beletten Noord-Iberië te veroveren en bovendien enige gebieden wist te hernemen, begonnen zich binnen het vorstendom aparte streken te vormen: het noordelijke kerngebied Asturië, het westelijke <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Galici%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Galicië">Galicië</a>, het zuidelijke <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Le%C3%B3n" title="Koninkrijk León">León</a> en ten oosten en zuidoosten daarvan een nieuw op de Moren gewonnen grensgebied, aanvankelijk de "<a href="/wiki/Marcha_Orientalis" title="Marcha Orientalis">Oostmark</a>" (<i>marca oriantal</i>, ) genoemd, met vele kastelen (<i>castelli</i>) om het te verdedigen: "<a href="/wiki/Castili%C3%AB" title="Castilië">Castilië</a>". </p><p>Dit land werd bestuurd door een graaf die resideerde in <a href="/wiki/Burgos_(Spanje)" title="Burgos (Spanje)">Burgos</a> en in dienst stond van de koning van Asturië, dat later León werd. De oudst bekende graaf is <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Azn%C3%A1rez" title="Ferdinand Aznárez">Ferdinand Aznárez</a>, die in 899 <i>graaf van Burgos</i> wordt genoemd en in 909 <i>graaf van Castilië</i>. Zijn zoon <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Ferdinand González">Ferdinand González</a> (r. 930-970) breidde de macht van Castilië uit tot de Atlantische kust, verwierf feitelijke onafhankelijkheid van León en bedreigde <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Navarra" title="Koninkrijk Navarra">Navarra (Pamplona)</a>. </p><p>Van 1029 tot 1035 was Castilië een deel van Navarra, maar in 1035 maakte <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_van_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ferdinand I van León">Ferdinand de Grote</a> zich los Navarra, veroverde in 1037 León-Galicië en liet zich op 22 juni 1038 tot koning van León kronen. Daarmee werd hij ook van graaf tot koning van Castilië verheven, maar "koning van León" bleef zijn belangrijkste titel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koninkrijk_(1038–1230)"><span id="Koninkrijk_.281038.E2.80.931230.29"></span>Koninkrijk (1038–1230)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Koninkrijk (1038–1230)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Koninkrijk (1038–1230)"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferdinand de Grote versloeg in 1054 Navarra en maakte het tot een vazalstaat, veroverde in 1064 <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_(stad)" title="Coimbra (stad)">Coimbra</a> op de Moren, bracht de Moorse koning van Toledo een nederlaag toe en maakte zowel hem als de vorsten van Zaragoza en Badajoz schatplichtig. Met zijn dood in 1065 werd het rijk onder zijn drie zonen verdeeld in Castilië (<a href="/wiki/Sancho_II_van_Castili%C3%AB" title="Sancho II van Castilië">Sancho II</a>), León (<a href="/wiki/Alfons_VI_van_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alfons VI van León">Alfons VI</a>) en Galicië (<a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_I_van_Galici%C3%AB" title="García I van Galicië">García I</a>), maar de broers streden onderling totdat in 1072 Sancho het rijk herenigde, maar vermoord werd en opgevolgd door Alfons. Koning Alfons breidde het Castiliaanse rijk uit met de voormalige <a href="/wiki/Visigotische_rijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigotische rijk">Visigotische</a> hoofdstad <a href="/wiki/Toledo_(Spanje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toledo (Spanje)">Toledo</a> (1085), <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara_(stad_in_Spanje)" title="Guadalajara (stad in Spanje)">Guadalajara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid_(stad)" title="Madrid (stad)">Madrid</a> en <a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina" title="Talavera de la Reina">Talavera</a>; het nieuwe gebied werd "Nieuw-Castilië" genoemd, door de <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Guadarrama" title="Sierra de Guadarrama">Sierra de Guadarrama</a> van noordelijke "Oud-Castilië" gescheiden. Spoedig daarna vielen de fanatiek-islamitische <a href="/wiki/Almoraviden" title="Almoraviden">Almoraviden</a> vanuit Noord-Afrika al-Andalus binnen en versloegen Alfons bij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagrajas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagrajas (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sagrajas</a> (1086); de rivier de <a href="/wiki/Taag" title="Taag">Taag</a> bleef voorlopig de zuidgrens van Castilië. In 1087 werd Toledo de nieuwe hoofdstad. </p><p>In 1212 vond de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Slag bij Las Navas de Tolosa">Slag bij Las Navas de Tolosa</a> plaats; hierbij versloeg een coalitie van christelijke vorstendommen (Castilië, <a href="/wiki/Kroon_van_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kroon van Aragon">Aragón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Portugal" title="Koninkrijk Portugal">Portugal</a>, Navarra), enkele geestelijke ridderorden en de <a href="/wiki/Almohaden" class="mw-redirect" title="Almohaden">Almohaden</a>. Dit luidde de volgende fase in van de <a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Spanje)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista (Spanje)">Reconquista</a>. Ten slotte werden in 1230 de koninkrijken Castilië en León verenigd in de <a href="/wiki/Kroon_van_Castili%C3%AB" title="Kroon van Castilië">Kroon van Castilië</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maatschappij,_economie_en_cultuur"><span id="Maatschappij.2C_economie_en_cultuur"></span>Maatschappij, economie en cultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Maatschappij, economie en cultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Maatschappij, economie en cultuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na de verwoesting van de stad Léon omstreeks 987 door <a href="/wiki/Abu_Aamir_Muhammad_ibn_Abdullah_ibn_Abi_Aamir,_al-Hajib_al-Mansur" title="Abu Aamir Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Aamir, al-Hajib al-Mansur">Almanzor</a> werd de stad herbouwd en opnieuw bevolkt door Alfonso V. Hij vaardigde in 1017 een <a href="/wiki/Manifest" title="Manifest">handvest</a> uit waarmee hij regels gaf voor het economische leven en de <a href="/wiki/Markt_(winkel)" title="Markt (winkel)">markt</a>en, die door een eigen korps werden gehandhaafd. Dat maakte het aantrekkelijk in de stad te wonen en te werken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wieg_parlementaire_democratie">Wieg parlementaire democratie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Wieg parlementaire democratie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Wieg parlementaire democratie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1188 werd in het koninkrijk het eerste <a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">parlement</a> in de Europese geschiedenis gehuisvest, de regels hiervoor waren gegeven in verschillende verordeningen van koning Alfonso IX (1188-1230). Hij zette een model op voor regering en bestuur middels besluitvorming door vertegenwoordigers van de Spaanse middeleeuwse instituten, het volk, de adel, de kerk en de koning.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voor het eerst werd het vaste regel, dat burgers uit de plaatsen en steden vertegenwoordigers kozen die deelnamen aan de besluitvorming.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook werden regels uitgevaardigd ter bescherming van grondrechten van alle inwoners van het land, van koning tot meest eenvoudige burger.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het belang van de koning lag er in, de steden na veroveringen en moord door Islamitische heersers, opnieuw te bevolken. Naar de zienswijze van vooraanstaand professor politicologie <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Keane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Keane (de pagina bestaat niet)">John Keane</a>, staat in het koninkrijk de wieg van de Europese <a href="/wiki/Parlementaire_democratie" title="Parlementaire democratie">parlementaire democratie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Burgerrechten" title="Burgerrechten">burgerrechten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Duitsland verscheen het burgerdom voor het eerst in de besluitvormende vergadering in 1232, in Engeland in 1265 en in Frankrijk in 1302. Het Decreet van León is opgenomen in het UNESCO register "Geschiedenis van de Wereld" in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_heersers_van_Castili%C3%AB_en_Le%C3%B3n" title="Lijst van heersers van Castilië en León">Lijst van heersers van Castilië en León</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">UNESCO</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/memoryoftheworld/registry/251">The Decreta of León of 1188 - The oldest documentary manifestation of the European parliamentary system</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924173435/https://en.unesco.org/memoryoftheworld/registry/251">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-09-24">24 september 2022</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-09-24">24 september 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotelrealcolegiata.com/en/cradle-of-parliamentarism/">Cradle of Parliamentarism - Royal Collegiate of Saint Isidoro</a>. <i>Hotel Real colegiata de San Isidoro.</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924174939/https://www.hotelrealcolegiata.com/en/cradle-of-parliamentarism/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-09-24">24 september 2022</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-09-24">24 september 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Verzoekschrift Spanje aan UNESCO: Decreta of Léon <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/spain_decreta_of_leon.pdf">https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/spain_decreta_of_leon.pdf</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418222343/https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/spain_decreta_of_leon.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 18 april 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnkeane.net/">Home JK</a>. <i>John Keane</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924173436/http://www.johnkeane.net/">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-09-24">24 september 2022</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-09-24">24 september 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castilië&oldid=65292678">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koninkrijk_Castilië&oldid=65292678</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Koninkrijk_Castili%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Koninkrijk Castilië">Koninkrijk Castilië</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Spanje" title="Categorie:Spanje">Spanje</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Europa" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Europa">Geschiedenis van Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Democratie" title="Categorie:Democratie">Democratie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mensenrechten" title="Categorie:Mensenrechten">Mensenrechten</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 19 aug 2023 om 16:05.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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