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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksklaver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksklaver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksklaver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksklaver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_kulturen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_kulturen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>I kulturen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_kulturen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vest-Berlin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 67 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Berlin" title="Vest-Berlin – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vest-Berlin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestberlin" title="Vestberlin – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vestberlin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stberlin" title="Västberlin – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Västberlin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Berlyn" title="Wes-Berlyn – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Berlyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westberlin" title="Westberlin – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Westberlin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="برلين الغربية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلين الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn_Oeste" title="Berlín Oeste – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Berlín Oeste" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Berlin" title="Qərbi Berlin – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Berlin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Заходні Берлін – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходні Берлін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%91%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Заходні Бэрлін – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходні Бэрлін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Западен Берлин – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западен Берлин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Berlin" title="West-Berlin – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="West-Berlin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadni_Berlin" title="Zapadni Berlin – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadni Berlin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn_Occidental" title="Berlín Occidental – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Berlín Occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Západní Berlín – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní Berlín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorllewin_Berlin" title="Gorllewin Berlin – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gorllewin Berlin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Berlin" title="West-Berlin – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="West-Berlin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Berliin" title="Lääne-Berliin – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Berliin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Δυτικό Βερολίνο – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτικό Βερολίνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="West Berlin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn_Occidental" title="Berlín Occidental – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Berlín Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_Berlino" title="Okcidenta Berlino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Berlino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Berlin" title="Mendebaldeko Berlin – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Berlin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="برلین غربی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برلین غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-Ouest" title="Berlin-Ouest – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Berlin-Ouest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Berlyn" title="West-Berlyn – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="West-Berlyn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%BC%EB%A6%B0" title="서베를린 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서베를린" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Արևմտյան Բեռլին – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան Բեռլին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Berlin" title="West-Berlin – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="West-Berlin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Barat" title="Berlin Barat – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Berlin Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlino_Ovest" title="Berlino Ovest – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Berlino Ovest" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ברלין המערבית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברלין המערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Kulon" title="Berlin Kulon – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Berlin Kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დასავლეთი ბერლინი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთი ბერლინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berl%C3%AEna_Rojava" title="Berlîna Rojava – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Berlîna Rojava" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumberl%C4%ABne" title="Rietumberlīne – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumberlīne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Berlynas" title="Vakarų Berlynas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Berlynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Ovest" title="Berlin Ovest – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Berlin Ovest" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugat-Berlin" title="Nyugat-Berlin – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugat-Berlin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Западен Берлин – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западен Берлин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पश्चिम बर्लिन – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पश्चिम बर्लिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Barat" title="Berlin Barat – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Berlin Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Berlijn" title="West-Berlijn – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West-Berlijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="西ベルリン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西ベルリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86" title="لیندا برلن – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیندا برلن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%90%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لوېدیځ برلین – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوېدیځ برلین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Zachodni" title="Berlin Zachodni – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Berlin Zachodni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlim_Ocidental" title="Berlim Ocidental – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berlim Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinul_de_Vest" title="Berlinul de Vest – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Berlinul de Vest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Западный Берлин – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западный Берлин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlinu_Ovest" title="Berlinu Ovest – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Berlinu Ovest" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="West Berlin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%BD_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Západný Berlín – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západný Berlín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Западни Берлин – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западни Берлин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadni_Berlin" title="Zapadni Berlin – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadni Berlin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Berliini" title="Länsi-Berliini – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Berliini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Berlin" title="Kanlurang Berlin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Berlin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పశ్చిమ బెర్లిన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పశ్చిమ బెర్లిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81" title="เบอร์ลินตะวันตก – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบอร์ลินตะวันตก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Berlin" title="Batı Berlin – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Berlin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Західний Берлін – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західний Берлін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86" title="مغربی برلن – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی برلن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Berlin" title="Tây Berlin – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Berlin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natondan_nga_Berlin" title="Natondan nga Berlin – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Natondan nga Berlin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="西柏林 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西柏林" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="西柏林 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西柏林" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="西柏林 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西柏林" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q56036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Berlin" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Vest-Berlin" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Berlin"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Berlin"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Vest-Berlin" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Vest-Berlin" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&oldid=24584479" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Vest-Berlin&id=24584479&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVest-Berlin"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVest-Berlin"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vest-Berlin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:West-Berlin" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q56036" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wberlin_transport_78.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wberlin_transport_78.jpg/250px-Wberlin_transport_78.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wberlin_transport_78.jpg/375px-Wberlin_transport_78.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Wberlin_transport_78.jpg/500px-Wberlin_transport_78.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1352" /></a><figcaption>Kart over Vest-Berlin fra 1978. Vest-Berlin var da helt innesperret av <a href="/wiki/Berlinmuren" title="Berlinmuren">Berlinmuren</a> som <a href="/wiki/DDR" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR">DDR</a> hadde bygget rundt den vestlige delen av byen.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vest-Berlin</b> var den delen av <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> som var kontrollert av de tre vestlige maktene <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> fra <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> til <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. Den var omgitt av <a href="/wiki/Den_tyske_demokratiske_republikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Den tyske demokratiske republikk">den sovjetiske okkupasjonssonen</a>, og ble etterhvert skilt fra <a href="/wiki/%C3%98st-Berlin" title="Øst-Berlin">Øst-Berlin</a> og <a href="/wiki/DDR" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR">DDR</a> av <a href="/wiki/Berlinmuren" title="Berlinmuren">Berlinmuren</a> som DDR-myndighetene bygget rundt byen. Vest-Berlin var således en <a href="/wiki/Demokrati" title="Demokrati">demokratisk</a> øy inne i <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stblokken" title="Østblokken">østblokken</a>, og hadde dermed stor symbolbetydning under <a href="/wiki/Den_kalde_krigen" title="Den kalde krigen">den kalde krigen</a>. </p><p>Vest-Berlin hadde en spesiell status; byen var formelt underlagt vestmaktenes direkte militære styre, men fungerte i praksis som en delstat i <a href="/wiki/Vest-Tyskland" title="Vest-Tyskland">Vest-Tyskland</a>. I 1950 overlot vestmaktene utøvelsen av den daglige regjeringsmakten til Vest-Berlins folkevalgte parlament og regjering. Vest-Berlin besto av fransk sektor (i nord omkring <a href="/wiki/Tegel" title="Tegel">Tegel</a>), britisk sektor (sentralt omkring <a href="/wiki/Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm" title="Kurfürstendamm">Kurfürstendamm</a> og <a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a>) og amerikansk sektor (i sør med blant annet <a href="/wiki/Tempelhof" title="Tempelhof">Tempelhof</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er ingen nøyaktig dato for når de vestlige sektorene ble en egen politisk enhet, men <a href="/wiki/Berlinblokaden" title="Berlinblokaden">Berlinblokaden</a> fra 1948 til 1949 regnes som regel som startpunktet. </p><p>Før andre verdenskrig var byens kommersielle og kulturelle sentrum mellom <a href="/wiki/Potsdamer_Platz" title="Potsdamer Platz">Potsdamer platz</a> og <a href="/wiki/Alexanderplatz" title="Alexanderplatz">Alexanderplatz</a>. Med delingen av byen og oppføring av muren ble mesteparten liggende i øst. I vest var myndighetene forsiktige med å utvikle et nytt sentrum fordi det kunne antyde at delingen av byen var permanent. <a href="/wiki/Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm" title="Kurfürstendamm">Kurfürstendamm</a> vokste på 1920-tallet frem som en stor handle- og underholdningsgate, og dette området og <a href="/wiki/Zoologischer_Garten_stasjon" title="Zoologischer Garten stasjon">Zoologischer Garten jernbanestasjon</a> ble etter delingen av byen sentrum i Vest-Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-cityprofile2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityprofile2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hansaviertel" title="Hansaviertel">Hansaviertel</a> (Hansaområdet) ble utviklet fra 1957 i tilsiktet kontrast til <a href="/wiki/Karl-Marx-Allee" title="Karl-Marx-Allee">Stalinallee</a> i øst. Modernistene <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arne_Jacobsen" title="Arne Jacobsen">Arne Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Alto</a> og <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gropius" title="Walter Gropius">Walter Gropius</a> bidro til området. Myndighetene i vest ønsket å utvikle de øde området nær muren og sørge for at byggene var synlige fra øst. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Scharoun" title="Hans Scharoun">Hans Scharoun</a> designet blant annet <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Philharmonie" title="Berliner Philharmonie">Berliner Philharmonie</a> (1963) og <a href="/wiki/Kulturforum_Berlin" title="Kulturforum Berlin">Kulturforum</a> (1956).<sup id="cite_ref-cityprofile2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityprofile2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vest-Berlin dekket et areal på 483 km<sup>2</sup>; av dette var 30 % skog, parker og vann, og 7,5 % var jordbruksareal. Ingen andre byer i verden hadde så store grøntarealer innenfor sine grenser. Den hadde i 1982 2,18 millioner innbyggere; av disse var 9 % såkalte gjestearbeidere (<i>Gastarbeiter</i>) særlig fra Tyrkia. Området rundt <a href="/wiki/Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm" title="Kurfürstendamm">Kurfürstendamm</a> ble regnet som Vest-Berlins sentrum.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samfunnsliv">Samfunnsliv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Samfunnsliv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Samfunnsliv"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg/250px-JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg/375px-JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg/500px-JFK_speech_Ich_bin_ein_berliner_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> holder sin <i><a href="/wiki/Ich_bin_ein_Berliner" title="Ich bin ein Berliner">Ich bin ein Berliner</a></i>-tale i Vest-Berlin i 1963</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall,_Brandenburg_Gate,_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12,_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall%2C_Brandenburg_Gate%2C_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12%2C_1987.jpg/250px-President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall%2C_Brandenburg_Gate%2C_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12%2C_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall%2C_Brandenburg_Gate%2C_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12%2C_1987.jpg/375px-President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall%2C_Brandenburg_Gate%2C_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12%2C_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall%2C_Brandenburg_Gate%2C_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12%2C_1987.jpg/500px-President_Reagan_giving_a_speech_at_the_Berlin_Wall%2C_Brandenburg_Gate%2C_Federal_Republic_of_Germany._June_12%2C_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2949" data-file-height="2327" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> holder sin <i><a href="/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall" title="Tear down this wall">Tear down this wall</a></i>-tale i Vest-Berlin i 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>Vest-Berlin var den klart største byen i Tyskland som helhet og hadde en storbykarakter og kosmopolitisk atmosfære som andre tyske byer manglet. Byen var særlig et sentrum for utdanning, forskning og kultur. Vest-Berlin ble sterkt subsidiert av Vest-Tyskland, som dekket halvparten av byens budsjett.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette skjedde ut fra en tanke om at Vest-Berlin skulle være et utstillingsvindu for vesten, og bidro til at Vest-Berlin ble en velstående by, til tross for at den økonomiske gjenoppbyggingen i Vest-Berlin egentlig gikk langt tregere enn i Vest-Tyskland, ikke minst på grunn av begrensningene som delingen av byen medførte. Vest-Berlin hadde også fritak for verneplikt, noe som gjorde at byen tiltrakk seg mange unge, og ingen annen tysk by hadde så mange unge innbyggere som Vest-Berlin. Disse omstendighetene bidro til Vest-Berlins liberale atmosfære. </p><p>Samtidig var Vest-Berlin sterkt preget av å være en "frontby" under den kalde krigen<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og av å være det viktigste stedet for konfrontasjon mot østblokken fra vesttysk og alliert side; en sterk og følelsesladet antikommunisme var en konsensusholdning og grunnverdi både blant alle de regjerende partiene og i brede lag av befolkningen, i mye større grad og mye lengre enn ellers i Vest-Tyskland. Særlig de første tiårene av den kalde krigen var antikommunismen langt mer militant, og fikk sterk støtte av USA; <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> konsentrerte fra begynnelsen av 1950-årene store deler av sine europeiske operasjoner i Vest-Berlin. Den kalde krigen ble i Berlin utkjempet lokalt, meter for meter, en situasjon som var unik for Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwane_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwane-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vest-Berlin fremstod ikke minst i 1950- og 60-årene som "episenteret for den kalde krigen, stedet for supermaktenes konfrontasjon, 'nervekrigen', Amerikas <i>finest hour</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den kalde krigens mest symboltunge markeringer fant sted i byen, blant disse <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedys</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Ich_bin_ein_Berliner" title="Ich bin ein Berliner">Ich bin ein Berliner</a></i>-tale i 1963 og <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagans</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall" title="Tear down this wall">Tear down this wall</a></i>-tale i 1987. Internasjonalt var Berlin og da særlig Vest-Berlin også kjent som verdens fremste "spionhovedstad"; ingen by i verden hadde så mange etterretningstjenester og agenter i virksomhet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Timothy Brown peker på denne dobbeltheten ved Vest-Berlin: </p> <dl><dd>"Som en kapitalistisk øy i et kommunistisk hav var Vest-Berlin samtidig en frontlinjeby i den større kalde krigen og et utstillingsvindu for velstanden og friheten i vesten. Dens status som "frontby" under alliert militær okkupasjon gjorde den til hjem, på den ene siden, for en brennende antikommunistisk befolkning som i stor grad var takknemlig for den amerikanske beskyttelsen, og på den andre siden for militærnektere som søkte fritak fra verneplikt og radikale agitatorer som søkte etter en ideell scene for å latterliggjøre respekten for den kalde krigens antikommunisme. [...] Vest-Berlin var både lukket og åpen, et sted for agitasjon og eksperimenter pakket inn i den mest begrensede boksen tenkelig under den kalde krigen."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Juridisk_status">Juridisk status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Juridisk status" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Juridisk status"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vest-Berlin hadde en spesiell og komplisert status. </p><p>I henhold til sin egen forfatning, vedtatt i 1950, var «Stor-Berlin» en delstat i <a href="/wiki/Forbundsrepublikken_Tyskland" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland">Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland</a>, men de tre vestmaktenes holdning var at de foreløpig ikke kunne godta dette. Dette hang sammen med en avtale inngått med Sovjetunionen i 1945 om at hele Berlin skulle styres i fellesskap av disse fire. De tre vestlige allierte regnet ikke Berlin som en del av den sovjetiske okkupasjonssonen.<sup id="cite_ref-femdelt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-femdelt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sovjetunionen hadde latt DDR få erklære Øst-Berlin som en del av og hovedstad i DDR, noe vestmaktene protesterte mot. Vestmaktene mente det var viktig å beholde deres direkte styre over Vest-Berlin for å unngå at byen falt i hendene på Sovjetunionen, og at en formell overføring til Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland måtte vente til det forelå en løsning for Tyskland som helhet. </p><p>Da vestmaktene i 1955 ga Forbundsrepublikken utenrikspolitisk suverenitet tok de forbehold for Berlins spesielle status. Tilsvarende tok Sovjetunionen forbehold da DDR fikk suverenitet i 1955. Berlins status forble da okkupert som i avtalene fra 1945. Vest-Berlin var i henhold til vesttysk rett en del av Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland og ble behandlet som dette av Forbundsrepublikken Tysklands myndigheter og av Vest-Berlins egne lokale myndigheter. Vest-Berlins representanter hadde ingen stemmerett i <a href="/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen">Forbundsdagen</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Forbundsr%C3%A5det_(Tyskland)" title="Forbundsrådet (Tyskland)">Forbundsrådet</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Vibe_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vibe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den tyske forfatningsdomstolen, <a href="/wiki/Bundesverfassungsgericht" title="Bundesverfassungsgericht">Bundesverfassungsgericht</a>, fastslo for eksempel i dom i 1966 at «grunnloven gjelder i utgangspunktet også i Berlin; Berlin er til tross for okkupasjonsmaktenes forbehold en delstat i Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland».<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På grunn av vestmaktenes holdning sendte Berlin bare representanter uten stemmerett til <a href="/wiki/Forbundsdagen" title="Forbundsdagen">Forbundsdagen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Forbundsr%C3%A5det_(Tyskland)" title="Forbundsrådet (Tyskland)">Forbundsrådet</a>, og lover vedtatt av Forbundsdagen ble vedtatt direkte ved akklamasjon av <a href="/wiki/Berlins_parlament" title="Berlins parlament">Berlins parlament</a> etterpå. Vestmaktene anerkjente at det fantes «særlige bindinger» mellom Vest-Berlin og Vest-Tyskland, og den føderale regjeringen brukte byen til regelmessige møter, noe som hver gang ble møtt med sovjetiske protester. I <a href="/wiki/Forbundsforsamlingen_(Tyskland)" title="Forbundsforsamlingen (Tyskland)">Forbundsforsamlingen</a>, som valgte den tyske presidenten, hadde Berlins representanter stemmerett. En representant for Vest-Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a>, ble for eksempel valgt til vesttysk president i 1984. Vest-Berlins innbyggere ble av Vest-Tyskland behandlet som tyske statsborgere og fikk følgelig vesttysk pass. Men ville de reise til Øst-Berlin eller østblokken måtte de ha et eget reisepass spesielt for Vest-Berlin. Dermed ville DDR gjøre klart at de ikke anså Vest-Berlin som del av Forbundsrepublikken Tyskland. </p><p>Ved <a href="/wiki/Presidentvalget_i_Tyskland_1969" title="Presidentvalget i Tyskland 1969">presidentvalget i 1969</a> etter <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_L%C3%BCbke" title="Heinrich Lübke">Heinrich Lübkes</a> avgang ble <a href="/wiki/Forbundsforsamlingen_(Tyskland)" title="Forbundsforsamlingen (Tyskland)">Forbundsforsamlingens</a> møte lagt til Ostpreussenhalle i Vest-Berlin. Valgmøtet ble avholdt i Vest-Berlin i stedet for i Bonn til protester fra DDR og Sovjetunionen. 8000 politimenn bevoktet utsendingene og sikkerhetssone på 1 kilometer rundt forsamlingslokalet. Sovjetiske MIG-jagerfly var i luften over Øst-Tyskland da politikerne ble fløyet inn. DDR hindret medlemmene av forsamlingen å reise gjennom landet og de bli derfor fraktet til Vest-Berlin med fly. Sovjetiske militære drev manøver i DDR og MiG-jagere nærmet seg delegatenes fly (amerikanske militære DC 9).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navn">Navn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Navn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Navn"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg/250px-Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg/375px-Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg/500px-Senderfreiesberlin-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="1051" /></a><figcaption>Logo for <a href="/wiki/Sender_Freies_Berlin" title="Sender Freies Berlin">Sender Freies Berlin</a> (Det frie Berlins kringkasting), det offentlige kringkastingsselskapet i Vest-Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p>Skrivemåten Vest-Berlin (tysk <i>West-Berlin</i>) var utbredt, men den «politisk korrekte» betegnelsen i Vest-Tyskland var «Berlin (West)» eller bare «Berlin». I <a href="/wiki/DDR" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR">DDR</a> brukte man systematisk betegnelsen «Selbständige politische Einheit Westberlin», mens «Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR» ble brukt for å betegne Øst-Berlin. I vestlig språkbruk ble uttrykk som <i>det frie Berlin</i> eller lignende ofte brukt om Vest-Berlin; dette var også reflektert i institusjonsnavn som <a href="/wiki/Sender_Freies_Berlin" title="Sender Freies Berlin">Sender Freies Berlin</a> ("Det frie Berlins kringkasting"; det offentlige kringkastingsselskapet i Vest-Berlin) og <a href="/wiki/Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Freie Universität Berlin">Freie Universität Berlin</a>. Uttrykket <i>de frie sektorene i Berlin</i> ble ofte brukt på amerikansk regjeringshold, f.eks. i taler av flere amerikanske presidenter, herunder i den siste store talen under Den kalde krigen, <i><a href="/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall" title="Tear down this wall">Tear down this wall</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sektorer_og_bydeler">Sektorer og bydeler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sektorer og bydeler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sektorer og bydeler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vest-Berlin bestod av 481 km², og var inndelt i tre sektorer, som hver var underlagt en vestalliert okkupasjonsmakt. I tillegg var Vest-Berlin inndelt i bydeler. </p> <ul><li>Amerikansk sektor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kreuzberg" title="Kreuzberg">Kreuzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuk%C3%B6lln" title="Neukölln">Neukölln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempelhof" title="Tempelhof">Tempelhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neberg" title="Schöneberg">Schöneberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steglitz" title="Steglitz">Steglitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zehlendorf" title="Zehlendorf">Zehlendorf</a></li></ul></li> <li>Britisk sektor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiergarten" title="Tiergarten">Tiergarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmersdorf" title="Wilmersdorf">Wilmersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandau" title="Spandau">Spandau</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fransk sektor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reinickendorf" title="Reinickendorf">Reinickendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Wedding</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksklaver">Eksklaver</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksklaver" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksklaver"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vest-Berlin hadde frem til slutten av 1980-tallet flere <a href="/wiki/Eksklave" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksklave">eksklaver</a> inne i DDR. Disse eksklavene ble gjennom byttehandler etterhvert enten knyttet til Vest-Berlin eller overgitt til DDR. Det mest kjente eksempelet var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinst%C3%BCcken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinstücken (ikke skrevet ennå)">Steinstücken</a>, siden det var den eneste permanent bebodde eksklaven. Frem til det ble bygget en vei som forbandt eksklaven med Vest-Berlin, ble befolkningen forsørget ved hjelp av helikoptre fra <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">den amerikanske hæren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Transport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Transport"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ytre_Berliner_Ring" title="Ytre Berliner Ring">Ytre Berliner Ring</a> ble bygget i perioden 1951-1961 av økonomiske, trafikkpolitiske og strategiske grunner. Den gjorde det mulig å føre togtrafikken utenom Vest-Berlin. Uten denne ringbanen ville det ha vært trafikkteknisk umulig å bygge <a href="/wiki/Berlinmuren" title="Berlinmuren">Berlinmuren</a> på en meningsfull måte. Ringen er 125 km lang. </p><p>Flyplassene <a href="/wiki/Berlin%E2%80%93Tegel_internasjonale_lufthavn" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin–Tegel internasjonale lufthavn">Tegel</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tempelhof_internasjonale_lufthavn" title="Tempelhof internasjonale lufthavn">Tempelhof</a> lå i Vest-Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I tillegg hadde RAF flybasen <a href="/wiki/Gatow_lufthavn" title="Gatow lufthavn">Gatow</a>, som ble brukt under Berlinblokaden; på den tid brukte man også en innsjø som base for sjøfly som hovedsaklig transporterte salt til den beleirede delen av Berlin (som senere altså ble Vest-Berlin). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_kulturen">I kulturen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: I kulturen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen I kulturen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Figuren Vesper Lynd i Ian Flemings bøker om James Bond og i filmversjonene av disse er navngitt etter Vest-Berlin, en "spionhovedstad" under den kalde krigen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vest-Berlin&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Vesilind, Priit J. (januar 1982). «Two Berlins». <i>National Geographic</i> (vol 161, no 1): 2–51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVest-Berlin&rft.atitle=Two+Berlins&rft.au=Vesilind%2C+Priit+J.&rft.date=1982-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=vol+161%2C+no+1&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.pages=2-51&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cityprofile2014-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-cityprofile2014_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cityprofile2014_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Arandelovic, Biljana; Bogunovich, Dushko (1. april 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275113001613">«City profile: Berlin»</a>. <i>Cities</i>. 37: 1–26. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0264-2751">0264-2751</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cities.2013.10.007">10.1016/j.cities.2013.10.007</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 15. august 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVest-Berlin&rft.atitle=City+profile%3A+Berlin&rft.au=Bogunovich%2C+Dushko&rft.aufirst=Biljana&rft.aulast=Arandelovic&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0264-2751&rft.jtitle=Cities&rft.pages=1-26&rft.volume=37&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0264275113001613&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cities.2013.10.007&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Emily Pugh, <i>Architecture, Politics, and Identity in Divided Berlin</i>, s. 103, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Jarausch, Konrad H. / Ostermann, Christian / Etges, Andreas: <i>The Cold War: Historiography, Memory, Representation</i>, s. 299, De Gruyter, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwane-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwane_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Schwane, "West-Berlin als 'Frontstadt' und Ort gesamtdeutscher Begegnung", i <i>Wider den Zeitgeist? Konflikt und Deeskalation in West-Berlin 1949 bis 1965</i>, s. 41ff., ibidem-Verlag, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">David E. Barclay, "A 'Complicated Contrivance': West Berlin behind the Wall, 1971-1989", i Janet Ward, Marc Silberman, Karen E. Till (red.): <i>Walls, Borders, Boundaries: Spatial and Cultural Practices in Europe</i>, kapittel 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Rodney Carlisle, <i>Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence</i>, s. 65-69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Brown: "A Tale of Two Communes: The Private and the Political in Divided Berlin". I Martin Klimke, ‎Jacco Pekelder, ‎Joachim Scharloth (red.): <i>Between Prague Spring and French May: Opposition and Revolt in Europe, 1960-1980</i>, s. 132ff, Berghahn Books, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-femdelt-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-femdelt_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007071901038"><i>Det femdelte Tyskland</i></a>. Oslo: Gyldendal. 1971. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8205000417" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8205000417">8205000417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVest-Berlin&rft.btitle=Det+femdelte+Tyskland&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8205000417&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007071901038&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vibe-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vibe_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Vibe, Kjeld (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010102906081"><i>Berlin-spørsmålet</i></a>. Bergen: Chr. Michelsens institutt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVest-Berlin&rft.au=Vibe%2C+Kjeld&rft.btitle=Berlin-sp%C3%B8rsm%C3%A5let&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Bergen&rft.pub=Chr.+Michelsens+institutt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2010102906081&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/dfr/bv019377.html">BVerfGE 19, 377</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509022820/https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https://www.zeit.de/1994/10/die-laengste-wahl">«ZEIT ONLINE | Lesen Sie zeit.de mit Werbung oder im PUR-Abo. Sie haben die Wahl.»</a>. <i>www.zeit.de</i>. 4. mars 1994. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F1994%2F10%2Fdie-laengste-wahl">originalen</a> 9. mai 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 3. mars 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVest-Berlin&rft.atitle=ZEIT+ONLINE+%7C+Lesen+Sie+zeit.de+mit+Werbung+oder+im+PUR-Abo.+Sie+haben+die+Wahl.&rft.date=1994-03-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zeit.de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2Fzustimmung%3Furl%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.zeit.de%252F1994%252F10%252Fdie-laengste-wahl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Romesh Ratnesar: <i>Tear Down This Wall: A City, a President, and the Speech that Ended the Cold War</i>, s. 208, Simon and Schuster, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Oliver Buckton, <i>Espionage in British Fiction and Film since 1900: The Changing Enemy</i>, s. 22, Lexington Books, 2015</span> </li> </ol></div> <div 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Europeisk_kulturhovedstad" title="Mal:Europeisk kulturhovedstad"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Europeisk_kulturhovedstad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Europeisk kulturhovedstad (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Europeisk_kulturhovedstad" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Europeisk kulturhovedstad"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Europeisk_kulturhovedstad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Europeisk_kulturhovedstad" title="Europeisk kulturhovedstad">Europeisk kulturhovedstad</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">«City of Culture»<br />1985–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Athen" title="Athen">Athen</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Firenze" title="Firenze">Firenze</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li>1988: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vest-Berlin</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen" title="Antwerpen">Antwerpen</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Lisboa" title="Lisboa">Lisboa</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(by)" title="Luxembourg (by)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B8benhavn" title="København">København</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:European_Capital_of_Culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/European_Capital_of_Culture.svg/70px-European_Capital_of_Culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/European_Capital_of_Culture.svg/105px-European_Capital_of_Culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/European_Capital_of_Culture.svg/140px-European_Capital_of_Culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="67" data-file-height="45" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Milleniumsåret</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussel" title="Brussel">Brussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helsingfors" title="Helsingfors">Helsingfors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praha" title="Praha">Praha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> og <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">«Capital of Culture»<br />2001–</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge">Brugge</a> og <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Genova" title="Genova">Genova</a> <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Cork" title="Cork">Cork</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(by)" title="Luxembourg (by)">Luxembourg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> og <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%85bo" title="Åbo">Åbo</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a> og <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a> og <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Mons" title="Mons">Mons</a> og <a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a> og <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1fos" title="Páfos">Páfos</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a> og <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a> og <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></li> <li>2020 og 2021: <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> og <a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8" title="Bodø">Bodø</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Se også:</i> <a href="/wiki/Europeisk_milj%C3%B8hovedstad" title="Europeisk miljøhovedstad">Europeisk miljøhovedstad</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div id="catlinks"><p id="portlinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portaler" title="Wikipedia:Portaler">Portal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tyskland" title="Portal:Tyskland">Tyskland</a></p></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link 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