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id="toc-Doric_proper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doric_proper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Doric proper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doric_proper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Laconian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laconian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Laconian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laconian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argolic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argolic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Argolic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argolic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corinthian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corinthian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Corinthian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corinthian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northwest_Doric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_Doric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Northwest Doric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_Doric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phocian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phocian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Phocian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phocian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Locrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Elean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epirote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epirote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Epirote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epirote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Macedonian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Macedonian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Ancient Macedonian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Macedonian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achaean_Doric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achaean_Doric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Achaean Doric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achaean_Doric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achaean_Doric_koine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achaean_Doric_koine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.7</span> <span>Achaean Doric koine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achaean_Doric_koine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northwest_Doric_koine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northwest_Doric_koine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.8</span> <span>Northwest Doric koine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northwest_Doric_koine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Long_a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Long a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compensatory_lengthening_of_e_and_o" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compensatory_lengthening_of_e_and_o"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Compensatory lengthening of e and o</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compensatory_lengthening_of_e_and_o-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contraction_of_a_and_e" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contraction_of_a_and_e"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Contraction of a and e</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contraction_of_a_and_e-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synizesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synizesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Synizesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synizesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proto-Greek_*a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto-Greek_*a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Proto-Greek *a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto-Greek_*a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proto-Greek_*-ti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto-Greek_*-ti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Proto-Greek *-ti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto-Greek_*-ti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proto-Greek_*ts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proto-Greek_*ts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Proto-Greek *ts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proto-Greek_*ts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digamma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digamma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Digamma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digamma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accentuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accentuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Accentuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accentuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morphology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Future_tense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_tense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Future tense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_tense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glossary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glossary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Glossary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Glossary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Glossary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Glossary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Common</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doric_proper_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doric_proper_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Doric proper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doric_proper_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argolic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argolic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Argolic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argolic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cretan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cretan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Cretan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cretan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laconian_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laconian_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Laconian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laconian_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magna_Graecia's_Doric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magna_Graecia's_Doric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Magna Graecia's Doric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magna_Graecia's_Doric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North-West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North-West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North-West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aetolian-Acarnanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aetolian-Acarnanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Aetolian-Acarnanian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aetolian-Acarnanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delphic-Locrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delphic-Locrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Delphic-Locrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delphic-Locrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elean_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elean_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Elean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elean_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epirotic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epirotic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Epirotic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epirotic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achaean_Doric_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achaean_Doric_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Achaean Doric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achaean_Doric_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Doric Greek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اليونانية الدورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليونانية الدورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ডোরিক আঞ্চলিক ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোরিক আঞ্চলিক ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Дорийски диалект – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дорийски диалект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grec_d%C3%B2ric" title="Grec dòric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grec dòric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3r%C5%A1tina" title="Dórština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dórština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorisches_Griechisch" title="Dorisches Griechisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dorisches Griechisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δωρική διάλεκτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δωρική διάλεκτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griego_d%C3%B3rico" title="Griego dórico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Griego dórico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_dialekto_de_la_antikva_greka_lingvo" title="Dora dialekto de la antikva greka lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dora dialekto de la antikva greka lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorien" title="Dorien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dorien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsko_narje%C4%8Dje" title="Dorsko narječje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dorsko narječje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Doria" title="Bahasa Yunani Doria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Yunani Doria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_dorico" title="Dialetto dorico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto dorico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יוונית דורית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוונית דורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectus_Dorica" title="Dialectus Dorica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dialectus Dorica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Doria" title="Bahasa Yunani Doria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Yunani Doria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorisch_(dialect)" title="Dorisch (dialect) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dorisch (dialect)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorisk_gresk" title="Dorisk gresk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dorisk gresk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڈورین یونانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈورین یونانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorsch" title="Doorsch – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Doorsch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt_dorycki" title="Dialekt dorycki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekt dorycki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grego_d%C3%B3rico" title="Grego dórico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grego dórico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_greac%C4%83_doric%C4%83" title="Limba greacă dorică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba greacă dorică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дорийский диалект древнегреческого языка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дорийский диалект древнегреческого языка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorishtja" title="Dorishtja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dorishtja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialettu_doricu" title="Dialettu doricu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Dialettu doricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doric_Greek" title="Doric Greek – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Doric Greek" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorski_dijalekt" title="Dorski dijalekt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dorski dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the modern Doric dialect of Scotland, see <a href="/wiki/Doric_dialect_(Scotland)" title="Doric dialect (Scotland)">Doric dialect (Scotland)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Doric Greek</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Acarnania" title="Acarnania">Acarnania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozolian_Locris" title="Ozolian Locris">western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opuntian_Locris" title="Opuntian Locris">eastern Locris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_(Greece)" title="Doris (Greece)">Doris</a>, Achaea, Elis, Messenia, Laconia, Argolid, Aegina, Corinth, Megara, <a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milos" title="Milos">Milos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Thera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karpathos" title="Karpathos">Karpathos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, and possibly <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">ancient Macedonia</a><br />Also, colonies of the aforementioned regions in <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation#Black_Sea_and_Propontis" title="Greek colonisation">Black Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation#Ionian_Sea,_Adriatic_Sea,_and_Illyria" title="Greek colonisation">Ionian Sea and Adriatic Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Era</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 100</span> BC; evolved into the <a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Ancient Greek</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Western<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Doric Greek</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early form</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Greek">Proto-Greek</a> </div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><b>Doric proper:</b></li> <li>Laconian</li> <li>Argolic</li> <li>Corinthian</li> <li><b>Northwest Doric:</b></li> <li>Phocian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li>Elean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li>(?) <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Ancient Macedonian</a></li> <li>Achaean Doric</li> <li>Achaean Doric koine</li> <li>Northwest Doric koine</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Linguist_List" title="Linguist List">Linguist List</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010101/http://multitree.org/codes/grc-dor">grc-dor</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dori1248">dori1248</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:334px;max-width:334px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:332px;max-width:332px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AncientGreekDialects_(Woodard)_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg/330px-AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg/495px-AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg/660px-AncientGreekDialects_%28Woodard%29_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="555" /></a></span></div><div>Distribution of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Greek dialects</a> in Greece in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodard_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <b>Western</b> group:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#eacd85; color:black;"> </span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Doric_proper">Doric proper</a></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cea980; color:black;"> </span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Northwest_Doric">Northwest Doric</a></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b5ad96; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Achaean_Doric_Greek" title="Achaean Doric Greek">Achaean Doric</a> (probably Northwest Doric)</div></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <b>Central</b> group:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffee6f; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ccebc5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcado-Cypriot</a></div></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <b>Eastern</b> group:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#eb85bd; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bebada; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></div></li></ul></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:332px;max-width:332px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg/330px-Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg/495px-Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg/660px-Magna_Graecia_ancient_colonies_and_dialects-eu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></div><div>Distribution of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Greek dialects</a> in <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> (Southern Italy and Sicily) in the classical period. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>Western</b> group:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#eacd85; color:black;"> </span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Doric_proper">Doric proper</a></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cea980; color:black;"> </span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Northwest_Doric">Northwest Doric</a></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b5ad96; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Achaean_Doric_Greek" title="Achaean Doric Greek">Achaean Doric</a> (probably Northwest Doric)</div></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <b>Eastern</b> group:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bebada; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></div></li></ul></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Doric</b> or <b>Dorian</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Δωρισμός</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Dōrismós</i></span>), also known as <b>West Greek</b>, was a group of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek dialect">Ancient Greek dialects</a>; its <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> are divided into the Doric proper and Northwest Doric subgroups. Doric was spoken in a vast area, including northern Greece (<a href="/wiki/Acarnania" title="Acarnania">Acarnania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aetolia" title="Aetolia">Aetolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozolian_Locris" title="Ozolian Locris">western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opuntian_Locris" title="Opuntian Locris">eastern Locris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doris_(Greece)" title="Doris (Greece)">Doris</a>, and possibly <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">ancient Macedonia</a>), most of the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece#Peloponnese" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Peloponnese</a> (Achaea, Elis, Messenia, Laconia, Argolid, Aegina, Corinth, and Megara), the southern Aegean (<a href="/wiki/Kythira" title="Kythira">Kythira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milos" title="Milos">Milos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Thera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karpathos" title="Karpathos">Karpathos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>), as well as the colonies of some of those regions in <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation#Black_Sea_and_Propontis" title="Greek colonisation">Black Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation#Ionian_Sea,_Adriatic_Sea,_and_Illyria" title="Greek colonisation">the Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea</a>. It was also spoken in the Greek sanctuaries of <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a>, as well as at the four Panhellenic festivals; the <a href="/wiki/Isthmian_Games" title="Isthmian Games">Isthmian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemean_Games" title="Nemean Games">Nemean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pythian_Games" title="Pythian Games">Pythian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> times, under the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a>, an Achaean Doric <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_language" title="Koiné language">koine</a> appeared, exhibiting many peculiarities common to all Doric dialects, which delayed the spread of the <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> to the Peloponnese until the 2nd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Buck_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buck-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only living descendant of Doric is the <a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian language</a> which is still spoken in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> today;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though critically endangered, with only a few hundred – mostly elderly – fluent speakers left.<sup id="cite_ref-Moseley_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moseley-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is widely accepted that Doric originated in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, the original seat of the <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a>. It expanded to all other regions during the <a href="/wiki/Dorian_invasion" title="Dorian invasion">Dorian invasion</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1150 BC</span>) and the colonisations that followed. The presence of a Doric state (<a href="/wiki/Doris_(Greece)" title="Doris (Greece)">Doris</a>) in central Greece, north of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corinth" title="Gulf of Corinth">Gulf of Corinth</a>, led to the theory that Doric had originated in northwest Greece or maybe beyond in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. The dialect's distribution towards the north extends to the <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megarian</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinthian</a> colonies of <a href="/wiki/Potidaea" title="Potidaea">Potidaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ambracia" title="Ambracia">Ambracia</a>; there, it further added words to what would become the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably via traders from a now-extinct "Adriatic <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian languages">Illyrian</a>" intermediary.<sup id="cite_ref-huld_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huld-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the north, local epigraphical evidence includes the decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pella_curse_tablet" title="Pella curse tablet">Pella curse tablet</a>, three additional lesser known <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Macedonian dialect">Macedonian</a> inscriptions (all of them identifiable as Doric),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> numerous inscriptions from a number of Greek colonies. Furthermore, there is an abundance of place names used to examine features of the northern Doric dialects. Southern dialects, in addition to numerous inscriptions, coins, and names, have also provided much more literary evidence through authors such as <a href="/wiki/Alcman" title="Alcman">Alcman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Archimedes" title="Archimedes">Archimedes of Syracuse</a>, among others, all of whom wrote in Doric. There are also ancient dictionaries that have survived; notably the one by <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius of Alexandria</a>, whose work preserved many dialectal words from throughout the Greek-speaking world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doric_proper">Doric proper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Doric proper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doric_Greek_Dialects.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Doric_Greek_Dialects.png/350px-Doric_Greek_Dialects.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Doric_Greek_Dialects.png/525px-Doric_Greek_Dialects.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Doric_Greek_Dialects.png/700px-Doric_Greek_Dialects.png 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption>Doric Greek dialects</figcaption></figure><p>Where the Doric dialect group fits in the overall classification of ancient Greek dialects depends to some extent on the classification. Several views are stated under <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Greek dialects</a>. The prevalent theme of most views listed there is that Doric is a subgroup of <b>West Greek</b>. Some use the terms <b>Northern Greek</b> or <b>Northwest Greek</b> instead. The geographic distinction is only verbal and ostensibly is misnamed: all of Doric was spoken south of "Southern Greek" or "Southeastern Greek." </p><p>Be that as it may, "Northern Greek" is based on a presumption that <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a> came from the north and on the fact that Doric is closely related to <b>Northwest Greek</b>. When the distinction began is not known. All the "northerners" might have spoken one dialect at the time of the Dorian invasion; certainly, Doric could only have further differentiated into its classical dialects when the Dorians were in place in the south. Thus <b>West Greek</b> is the most accurate name for the classical dialects. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian</a>, a descendant of Laconian Doric (Spartan), is still spoken on the southern <a href="/wiki/Argolis" title="Argolis">Argolid</a> coast of the Peloponnese, in the modern prefectures of <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(regional_unit)" title="Arcadia (regional unit)">Arcadia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>. Today it is a source of considerable interest to linguists, and an endangered dialect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laconian">Laconian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Laconian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreeceLaconia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/GreeceLaconia.png/130px-GreeceLaconia.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/GreeceLaconia.png/195px-GreeceLaconia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/GreeceLaconia.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption>Laconia in Greece</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Laconian</b> was spoken by the population of <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a> in the southern <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> and also by its colonies, <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Herakleia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> was the seat of ancient Laconia. </p><p>Laconian is attested in inscriptions on pottery and stone from the seventh century BC. A dedication to Helen dates from the second quarter of the seventh century. Taras was founded in 706 and its founders must already have spoken Laconic. </p><p>Many documents from the state of Sparta survive, whose citizens called themselves Lacedaemonians after the name of the valley in which they lived. <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> calls it "hollow Lacedaemon", though he refers to a pre-Dorian period. The seventh century Spartan poet <a href="/wiki/Alcman" title="Alcman">Alcman</a> used a dialect that some consider to be predominantly Laconian. Philoxenus of Alexandria wrote a treatise <i>On the Laconian dialect</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argolic">Argolic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Argolic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreeceArgolis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GreeceArgolis.png/130px-GreeceArgolis.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/GreeceArgolis.png/195px-GreeceArgolis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/GreeceArgolis.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption>Argolis in Greece</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Argolic</b> was spoken in the thickly settled northeast Peloponnese at, for example, <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermioni" title="Ermioni">Hermione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troezen" title="Troezen">Troezen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidaurus" title="Epidaurus">Epidaurus</a>, and as close to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> as the island of <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a>. As <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> had been spoken in this dialect region in the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, it is clear that the <a href="/wiki/Dorian_invasion" title="Dorian invasion">Dorians overran it</a> but were unable to take <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>. The Dorians went on from Argos to <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>. </p><p>Ample inscriptional material of a legal, political and religious content exists from at least the sixth century BC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corinthian">Corinthian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Corinthian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreeceCorinth.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/GreeceCorinth.png/130px-GreeceCorinth.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/GreeceCorinth.png/195px-GreeceCorinth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/GreeceCorinth.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption>Corinthia in Greece</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Corinthian</b> was spoken first in the isthmus region between the Peloponnesus and mainland <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>; that is, the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a>. The cities and states of the Corinthian dialect region were <a href="/wiki/Corinth" title="Corinth">Corinth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaies_Kleones" title="Archaies Kleones">Archaies Kleones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phlius" title="Phlius">Phlius</a>, the colonies of Corinth in western Greece: <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefkada" title="Lefkada">Leucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anaktorio" title="Anaktorio">Anactorium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambracia" title="Ambracia">Ambracia</a> and others, the colonies in and around Italy: <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse, Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, and the colonies of <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corcyra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dyrrachium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyrrachium">Dyrrachium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a>. The earliest inscriptions at Corinth date from the early sixth century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They use a Corinthian epichoric alphabet. (See under <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic Greek</a>.) </p><p>Corinth contradicts the prejudice that Dorians were rustic militarists, as some consider the speakers of Laconian to be. Positioned on an international trade route, Corinth played a leading part in the re-civilizing of Greece after the centuries of disorder and isolation following the collapse of Mycenaean Greece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northwest_Doric">Northwest Doric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Northwest Doric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Northwest Doric</b> (or "Northwest Greek", with "Northwest Doric" now considered more accurate so as not to distance the group from Doric proper) group is closely related to Doric proper.<sup id="cite_ref-Filos227_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos227-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether it is to be considered a part of the southern Doric Group or the latter a part of it or the two considered subgroups of West Greek, the dialects and their grouping remain the same. <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek#Thessalian" title="Aeolic Greek">West Thessalian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek#Boeotian" title="Aeolic Greek">Boeotian</a> had come under a strong Northwest Doric influence. </p><p>While Northwest Doric is generally seen as a dialectal group,<sup id="cite_ref-Filos227_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos227-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dissenting views exist, such as that of Méndez-Dosuna, who argues that Northwest Doric is not a proper dialectal group but rather merely a case of areal dialectal convergence.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the Northwest Doric area, most internal differences did not hinder mutual understanding, though Filos, citing Bubenik, notes that there were certain cases where a bit of accommodation may have been necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest epigraphic texts for Northwest Doric date to the 6th–5th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Filos227_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos227-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are thought to provide evidence for Northwest Doric features, especially the phonology and morphophonology, but most of the features thus attributed to Northwest Doric are not exclusive to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Filos227_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos227-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Northwest Doric dialects differ from the main Doric Group dialects in the below features:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Dative plural of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_nouns#Third_declension" title="Ancient Greek nouns">third declension</a> in <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-οις</span></span> (<i>-ois</i>) (instead of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-σι</span></span> (<i>-si</i>)): <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀκαρνάνοις ἱππέοις</span></span> <i>Akarnanois hippeois</i> for <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀκαρνᾶσιν ἱππεῦσιν</span></span> <i>Akarnasin hippeusin</i> (to the Acarnanian knights).</li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐν</span></span> (<i>en</i>) + accusative (instead of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εἰς</span></span> (<i>eis</i>)): <i>en Naupakton</i> (into Naupactus).</li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-στ</span></span> (<i>-st</i>) for <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-σθ</span></span> (<i>-sth</i>): <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γενέσται</span></span> <i>genestai</i> for <i>genesthai</i> (to become), <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μίστωμα</span></span> <i>mistôma</i> for <i>misthôma</i> (payment for hiring).</li> <li>ar for er: <i>amara</i> /Dor. <i>amera</i>/Att. <i>hêmera</i> (day), Elean <i>wargon</i> for Doric <i>wergon</i> and Attic <i>ergon</i> (work)</li> <li>Dative singular in <i>-oi</i> instead of <i>-ôi</i>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τοῖ Ἀσκλαπιοῖ</span></span>, Doric <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τῷ Ἀσκλαπιῷ</span></span>, Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀσκληπιῷ</span></span> (to Asclepius)</li> <li>Middle participle in <i>-eimenos</i> instead of <i>-oumenos</i></li></ol> <p>Four or five dialects of Northwestern Doric are recognised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phocian">Phocian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phocian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This dialect was spoken in <a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Phocis</a> and in its main settlement, <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>. Because of that it is also cited as Delphian.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> says that <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphians</a> pronounce <i>b</i> in the place of <i>p</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βικρὸν</span></span> for <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πικρὸν</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Locrian">Locrian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Locrian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian Greek</a> is attested in two locations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ozolian_Locris" title="Ozolian Locris">Ozolian Locris</a>, along the northwest coast of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Corinth" title="Gulf of Corinth">Gulf of Corinth</a> around <a href="/wiki/Amfissa" title="Amfissa">Amfissa</a> (earliest <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 500 BC</span>);<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opuntian_Locris" title="Opuntian Locris">Opuntian Locris</a>, on the coast of mainland Greece opposite northwest <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, around <a href="/wiki/Opus,_Greece" title="Opus, Greece">Opus</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elean">Elean</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Elean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dialect of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Elis" title="Ancient Elis">Elis</a> (earliest <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 600 BC</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is considered, after <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic Greek</a>, one of the most difficult for the modern reader of epigraphic texts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epirote">Epirote</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Epirote"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote Greek</a></div> <p>Spoken at the <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a> oracle, (earliest <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–500 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> firstly under control of the <a href="/wiki/Thesprotians" title="Thesprotians">Thesprotians</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later organized in the <a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (since <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 370 BC</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_Macedonian">Ancient Macedonian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ancient Macedonian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most scholars maintain that <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">ancient Macedonian</a> was a Greek dialect,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably of the Northwestern Doric group in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crespo2017_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crespo2017-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Masson" title="Olivier Masson">Olivier Masson</a>, in his article for <i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i>, talks of "two schools of thought": one rejecting "the Greek affiliation of Macedonian" and preferring "to treat it as an Indo-European language of the Balkans" of contested affiliation (examples are Bonfante 1987, and Russu 1938); the other favouring "a purely Greek nature of Macedonian as a northern Greek dialect" with numerous adherents from the 19th century and on (Fick 1874; Hoffmann 1906; Hatzidakis 1897 etc.; Kalleris 1964 and 1976).<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordCD1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordCD1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Masson himself argues with the largely Greek character of the Macedonian <a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">onomastics</a> and sees Macedonian as "a Greek dialect, characterised by its marginal position and by local pronunciations" and probably most closely related to the dialects of the Greek North-West (Locrian, Aetolian, Phocidian, Epirote). Brian D. Joseph acknowledges the closeness of Macedonian to Greek (even contemplating to group them into a "Hellenic branch" of Indo-European), but retains that "[t]he slender evidence is open to different interpretations, so that no definitive answer is really possible".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johannes Engels has pointed to the <a href="/wiki/Pella_curse_tablet" title="Pella curse tablet">Pella curse tablet</a>, written in Doric Greek: "This has been judged to be the most important ancient testimony to substantiate that Macedonian was a north-western Greek and mainly a Doric dialect".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miltiades_Hatzopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miltiades Hatzopoulos (page does not exist)">Miltiades Hatzopoulos</a> has suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian dialect</a> of the 4th century BC, as attested in the <a href="/wiki/Pella_curse_tablet" title="Pella curse tablet">Pella curse tablet</a>, was a sort of Macedonian 'koine' resulting from the encounter of the idiom of the '<a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a>'-speaking populations around <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pierian_Mountains" title="Pierian Mountains">Pierian Mountains</a> with the Northwest Greek-speaking <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a> Macedonians hailing from <a href="/wiki/Argos_Orestiko" title="Argos Orestiko">Argos Orestikon</a>, who founded the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Macedonia" title="Lower Macedonia">Lower Macedonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatzopoulos2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to Hatzopoulos, B. Helly expanded and improved his own earlier suggestion and presented the hypothesis of a (North-)'<a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Achaean</a>' substratum extending as far north as the head of the <a href="/wiki/Thermaic_Gulf" title="Thermaic Gulf">Thermaic Gulf</a>, which had a continuous relation, in prehistoric times both in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Thessaly" title="Ancient Thessaly">Thessaly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a>, with the Northwest Greek-speaking populations living on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Pindus" title="Pindus">Pindus</a> mountain range, and contacts became cohabitation when the Argead Macedonians completed their wandering from <a href="/wiki/Orestis_(region)" title="Orestis (region)">Orestis</a> to Lower Macedonia in the 7th c. BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatzopoulos2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this hypothesis, Hatzopoulos concludes that the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Greek dialect</a> of the historical period, which is attested in inscriptions, is a sort of koine resulting from the interaction and the influences of various elements, the most important of which are the North-<a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Achaean</a> substratum, the Northwest Greek idiom of the <a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Macedonians</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_language" title="Phrygian language">Phrygian</a> adstrata.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatzopoulos2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Achaean_Doric">Achaean Doric</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Achaean Doric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Achaean Doric most probably belonged to the Northwest Doric group.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was spoken in <a href="/wiki/Achaea" title="Achaea">Achaea</a> in the northwestern Peloponnese, on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zakynthos" title="Zakynthos">Zakynthos</a> in the Ionian Sea, and in the Achaean colonies of Magna Graecia in Southern Italy (including <a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Crotone</a>). This <i>strict</i> Doric dialect was later subject to the influence of <i>mild</i> Doric spoken in <a href="/wiki/Corinthia" title="Corinthia">Corinthia</a>. It survived until 350 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Achaean_Doric_koine">Achaean Doric koine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Achaean Doric koine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> times, under the <a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a>, an Achaean Doric <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_language" title="Koiné language">koine</a> appeared, exhibiting many peculiarities common to all Doric dialects, which delayed the spread of the <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> to the Peloponnese until the 2nd century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Buck_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buck-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northwest_Doric_koine">Northwest Doric koine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Northwest Doric koine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png/300px-Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png/450px-Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png/600px-Macedonia_and_the_Aegean_World_c.200.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Political situation in the Greek world around the time at which the Northwest Doric koine arose</figcaption></figure> <p>The Northwest Doric koine refers to a supraregional North-West common variety that emerged in the third and second centuries BC, and was used in the official texts of the <a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Filos230_3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos230_3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such texts have been found in W. Locris, Phocis, and Phtiotis, among other sites.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contained a mix of native Northwest Doric dialectal elements and Attic forms.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was apparently based on the most general features of Northwest Doric, eschewing less common local traits.<sup id="cite_ref-Filos230_3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos230_3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its rise was driven by both linguistic and non-linguistic factors, with non-linguistic motivating factors including the spread of the rival Attic-Ionic koine after it was recruited by the Macedonian state for administration, and the political unification of a vast territories by the Aetolian League and the state of Epirus. The Northwest Doric koine was thus both a linguistic and a political rival of the Attic-Ionic koine.<sup id="cite_ref-Filos230_3_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filos230_3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_a">Long a</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Long a"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a> long *ā is retained as <i>ā</i>, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a> developing a long open <i>ē</i> (<a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a>) in at least some positions. </p> <ul><li>Doric <i>g<b>ā</b> m<b>ā</b>tēr</i> ~ Attic <i>g<b>ē</b> m<b>ē</b>tēr</i> 'earth mother'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compensatory_lengthening_of_e_and_o">Compensatory lengthening of e and o</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Compensatory lengthening of e and o"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In certain Doric dialects (Severe Doric), *e and *o lengthen by compensatory lengthening or contraction to <a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">omega</a>, in contrast to Attic <i>ei</i> and <i>ou</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spurious_diphthong" title="Spurious diphthong">spurious diphthongs</a>). </p> <ul><li>Severe Doric <i>-ō</i> ~ Attic <i>-ou</i> (second-declension genitive singular)</li> <li><i>-ōs</i> ~ <i>-ous</i> (second-declension accusative plural)</li> <li><i>-ēn</i> ~ <i>-ein</i> (present, second aorist infinitive active)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contraction_of_a_and_e">Contraction of a and e</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Contraction of a and e"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contraction: Proto-Greek *ae > Doric <i>ē</i> (<a href="/wiki/Eta" title="Eta">eta</a>) ~ Attic <i>ā</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synizesis">Synizesis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Synizesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Greek *eo, *ea > some Doric dialects' <i>io, ia</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proto-Greek_*a"><span id="Proto-Greek_.2Aa"></span>Proto-Greek *a</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Proto-Greek *a"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Greek short *a > Doric short <i>a</i> ~ Attic <i>e</i> in certain words. </p> <ul><li>Doric <i>hi<b>a</b>ros</i>, <i>Art<b>a</b>mis</i> ~ Attic <i>hi<b>e</b>ros</i> 'holy', <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis"><i>Art<b>e</b>mis</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proto-Greek_*-ti"><span id="Proto-Greek_.2A-ti"></span>Proto-Greek *-ti</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Proto-Greek *-ti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Greek *-ti is retained (assibilated to <i>-si</i> in Attic). </p> <ul><li>Doric <i>phā<b>t</b>i</i> ~ Attic <i>phē<b>s</b>i</i> 'he says' (3rd sing. pres. of athematic verb)</li> <li><i>legon<b>t</b>i</i> ~ <i>legou<b>s</b>i</i> 'they say' (3rd pl. pres. of thematic verb)</li> <li><i>wīka<b>t</b>i</i> ~ <i>eiko<b>s</b>i</i> 'twenty'</li> <li><i>triāka<b>t</b>ioi</i> ~ <i>triāko<b>s</b>ioi</i> 'three hundred'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proto-Greek_*ts"><span id="Proto-Greek_.2Ats"></span>Proto-Greek *ts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Proto-Greek *ts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Proto-Greek *ts > <i>-ss-</i> between vowels. (Attic shares the same development, but further shortens the geminate to <i>-s-</i>.) </p> <ul><li>Proto-Greek <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/m%C3%A9tsos" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/métsos">*métsos</a> > Doric <i>me<b>ss</b>os</i> ~ Attic <i>me<b>s</b>os</i> 'middle' (from Proto-Indo-European <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/m%C3%A9d%CA%B0yos" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/médʰyos">*médʰyos</a>, compare Latin <i>me<b>di</b>us</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digamma">Digamma</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Digamma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial *w (<a href="/wiki/Digamma" title="Digamma">ϝ</a>) is preserved in earlier Doric (lost in Attic). </p> <ul><li>Doric <i><b>w</b>oikos</i> ~ Attic <i>oikos</i> 'house' (from Proto-Indo-European <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wey%E1%B8%B1-" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyḱ-">*weyḱ-, *woyḱ-</a>, compare Latin <i><b>v</b>īcus</i> 'village')</li></ul> <p>Literary texts in Doric and inscriptions from the Hellenistic age have no digamma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accentuation">Accentuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Accentuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For information on the peculiarities of Doric accentuation, see <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_accent#Doric" title="Ancient Greek accent">Ancient Greek accent § Doric</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the article</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Doric_Greek" title="Talk:Doric Greek">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Numeral <i>te<b>t</b>ores</i> ~ Attic <i>te<b>tt</b>ares</i>, Ionic <i>te<b>ss</b>eres</i> "four". </p><p>Ordinal <i>pr<b>ā</b>tos</i> ~ Attic–Ionic <i>pr<b>ō</b>tos</i> "first". </p><p>Demonstrative pronoun <i><b>t</b>ēnos</i> "this" ~ Attic–Ionic <i>(e)<b>k</b>einos</i> </p><p><i>t</i> for <i>h</i> (from Proto-Indo-European <i>s</i>) in article and demonstrative pronoun. </p> <ul><li>Doric <i><b>t</b>oi</i>, <i><b>t</b>ai</i>; <i><b>t</b>outoi</i>, <i><b>t</b>autai</i></li> <li>~ Attic-Ionic <i><b>h</b>oi</i>, <i><b>h</b>ai</i>; <i><b>h</b>outoi</i>, <i><b>h</b>autai</i>.</li></ul> <p>Third person plural, athematic or <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_root" title="Proto-Indo-European root">root</a> aorist <i>-n</i> ~ Attic <i>-san</i>. </p> <ul><li>Doric <i>ed<b>on</b></i> ~ Attic–Ionic <i>edo<b>san</b></i></li></ul> <p>First person plural active <i>-mes</i> ~ Attic–Ionic <i>-men</i>. </p><p>Future <i>-se-ō</i> ~ Attic <i>-s-ō</i>. </p> <ul><li><i>prāx<b>ē</b>tai</i> (<i>prāk-se-etai</i>) ~ Attic–Ionic <i>prāx<b>e</b>tai</i></li></ul> <p>Modal particle <i>ka</i> ~ Attic–Ionic <i>an</i>. </p> <ul><li>Doric <i>ai ka, ai de ka, ai tis ka</i> ~ <i>ean, ean de, ean tis</i></li></ul> <p>Temporal adverbs in <i>-ka</i> ~ Attic–Ionic <i>-te</i>. </p> <ul><li><i>hoka</i>, <i>toka</i></li></ul> <p>Locative adverbs in <i>-ei</i> ~ Attic/Koine <i>-ou</i>. </p> <ul><li><i>teide</i>, <i>pei</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_tense">Future tense</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Future tense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aorist and future of verbs in <i>-izō</i>, <i>-azō</i> has <i>x</i> (versus Attic/Koine <i>s</i>). </p> <ul><li>Doric <i>agōni<b>x</b>ato</i> ~ Attic <i>agōni<b>s</b>ato</i> "he contended"</li></ul> <p>Similarly <i>k</i> before suffixes beginning with <i>t</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glossary">Glossary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Glossary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>1. inconsequent transcription, cp.: "Ἐλ</b>ω<b>ός El</b>ô<b>os", "κάρρ</b>ω<b>ν karr</b>ō<b>n", "μυρμηδ</b>ό<b>νες myrmēd</b>ô<b>nes". 2. missing greek terms, cp.: "(Attic gignôskô)".</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Doric_Greek" title="Special:EditPage/Doric Greek">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common">Common</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Common"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἰγάδες</span></span></b> <i>aigades</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἶγες</span></span> <i>aiges</i>) "goats"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἶγες</span></span></b> <i>aiges</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κύματα</span></span> <i>kymata</i>) "waves"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἁλία</span></span></b> <i>halia</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐκκλησία</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">ekklēsia</a></i>) "assembly" (Cf. <a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βρύκαιναι</span></span></b> <i>brykainai</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἱέρειαι</span></span> <i>hiereiai</i>) "priestesses"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βρυκετός</span></span></b> <i>bryketos</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βρυγμός</span></span> <i>brygmos</i>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βρυκηθμός</span></span> <i>brykēthmos</i>) "chewing, grinding, gnashing with the teeth"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δαμιοργοί</span></span></b> <i>damiorgoi</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄρχοντες</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archontes</a></i>) "high officials". Cf. Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δημιουργός</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Demiurge" title="Demiurge">dēmiourgos</a></i> "public worker for the people (dēmos), craftsman, creator"; <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δαμιουργοί· αἱ πόρναι</span></span> "prostitutes". Zamiourgoi <a href="/wiki/Elean" class="mw-redirect" title="Elean">Elean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἐλωός</span></span></b> <i>Elôos</i> <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἥφαιστος παρὰ Δωριεῦσιν</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κάρρων</span></span></b> <i>karrōn</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κρείττων</span></span> <i>kreittōn</i>) "stronger" (Ionic kreissōn, Cretan kartōn )<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κορύγης</span></span></b> <i>korygēs</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κῆρυξ</span></span> <i>kēryx</i>) "herald, messenger" (Aeolic karoux)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λαιός</span></span></b> <i>laios</i> (<a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a>, Attic and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀριστερός</span></span> <i>aristeros</i>) "left".<a href="/wiki/Cretan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan">Cretan</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λαία</span></span> <i>laia</i>, Attic <a href="/wiki/Aspis" title="Aspis">aspis</a> shield, <a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesych</a>. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λαῖφα</span></span> <i>laipha</i> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λαίβα</span></span> <i>laiba</i>, because the shield was held with the left hand. Cf.Latin:<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laevus" class="extiw" title="wikt:laevus">laevus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λαία</span></span></b> <i>laia</i> (Attic, Modern Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λεία</span></span> <i>leia</i>) "prey"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λέω (λείω)</span></span></b> <i>le(i)ō</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐθέλω</span></span> <i>ethelō</i>) "will"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οἴνωτρος</span></span></b> <i>oinōtros</i> "vine pole" (: Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οἶνος</span></span> <i>oinos</i> "wine"). Cf. <a href="/wiki/Oenotrus" title="Oenotrus">Oenotrus</a></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μογίοντι</span></span></b> <i>mogionti</i> (Ionic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πυρέσσουσι</span></span> <i>pyressousi</i>) "they are on fire, have fever" (= Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μογοῦσι</span></span> <i>mogousi</i> "they suffer, take pains to")</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μυρμηδόνες</span></span></b> <i>myrmēdônes</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μύρμηκες</span></span> <i>myrmēkes</i>) "ants". Cf. <a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄπτιλλος</span></span></b> optillos or optilos 'eye' (Attic <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">ophthalmos</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> oculus) (Attic <i>optikos</i> of sight, <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">Optics</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πάομαι</span></span></b> <i>paomai</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κτάομαι</span></span> <i>ktaomai</i>) "acquire"<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῥαπιδοποιός</span></span></b> <i>rhapidopoios</i> poet, broiderer, pattern-weaver, boot-maker<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>rhapis</i> needle for Attic <i>rhaphis</i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σκανά</span></span></b> <i>skana</i> (Attic skênê) tent, stage, <a href="/wiki/Scene_(drama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scene (drama)">scene</a>) (Homeric <i>klisiê</i>) (Doric <i>skanama</i> encampment)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τανθαλύζειν</span></span></b> <i>tanthalyzein</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τρέμειν</span></span> <i>tremein</i>) "to tremble"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τύνη</span></span></b> <i>tunē</i> or <i>tounē</i> 'you nominative' (Attic συ) dative <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τέειν</span></span> <i>teein</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σοί</span></span> soi)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χανάκτιον</span></span></b> <i>chanaktion</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μωρόν</span></span> <i>mōron</i>)(chan goose<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doric_proper_2">Doric proper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Doric proper"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Argolic_2">Argolic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Argolic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Βαλλακράδες</span></span></b> <i>Ballacrades</i> title of Argive athletes on a feast-day (Cf.achras wild pear-tree)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Δαυλὶς</span></span></b> <i>Daulis</i> mimic festival at Argos (acc. Pausanias 10.4.9 daulis means <a href="/wiki/Thicket" title="Thicket">thicket</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Hes.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323552">daulon</a> fire log)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δροόν</span></span></b> <i>droon</i> strong (Attic ischyron, dynaton)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κέστερ</span></span></b> <i>kester</i> youngman (Attic neanias)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κυλλάραβις</span></span></b> <i>kyllarabis</i> <a href="/wiki/Discus" class="mw-redirect" title="Discus">discus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a> at Argos<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σεμαλία</span></span></b> <i>semalia</i> ragged, tattered garments Attic rhakē, cf. himatia clothes)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὤβεα</span></span></b> <i>ôbea</i> eggs (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὠά</span></span> ôa )</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cretan">Cretan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cretan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀγέλα</span></span></b> <i>agela</i> "group of boys in the Cretan <i><a href="/wiki/Agoge" title="Agoge">agōgē</a></i>". Cf. <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homeric</a> Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀγέλη</span></span> <i>agelē</i> "herd"<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Cretan apagelos not yet received in agelê, boy under 17<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀδνός</span></span></b> <i>adnos</i> <i>holy, pure</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἁγνός</span></span> hagnos) (<a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀϝτὸς</span></span></b> <i>aWtos</i> (Attic autos) Hsch. <i>aus</i> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><b>αὐς -</b> αὐτός. Κρῆτες καὶ Λάκωνες</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄκαρα</span></span></b> <i>akara</i> legs<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Attic skelê)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἁμάκις</span></span></b> <i>hamakis</i> once (Attic hapax)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄργετος</span></span></b> <i>argetos</i> <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">juniper</a>, cedar (Attic arkeuthos)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αὐκά</span></span></b> <i>auka</i> power (Attic alkê)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀφραττίας</span></span></b> <i>aphrattias</i> strong</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βαλικιῶται</span></span></b> <i>balikiôtai</i> Koine synepheboi (Attic hêlikiotai 'age-peers' of the same age <i>hêlikia</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βριτύ</span></span></b> <i>britu</i> sweet (Attic glyku)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δαμιόω</span></span></b> <i>damioô</i>, Cretan and <a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Boeotian</a>. for Attic zêmioô to damage, punish, harm<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δαμπόν</span></span></b> <i>dampon</i> <a href="/wiki/Beestings" class="mw-redirect" title="Beestings">first milk</a> curdled by heating over <a href="/wiki/Ember" title="Ember">embers</a> (Attic puriephthon, puriatê)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δῶλα</span></span></b> <i>dôla</i> ears (Attic ôta)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Tarentine ata<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϝέλχανος</span></span></b> <i>Welchanos</i><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Cretan_Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan Zeus">Cretan Zeus</a> and Welchanios, Belchanios, Gelchanos<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Elchanios <a href="/wiki/Cnossus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnossus">Cnossian</a> month)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝεργάδδομαι</span></span></b> <i>wergaddomai</i> I work (Attic ergazomai)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝῆμα</span></span></b> <i>Wêma</i> garment (Attic heima) (Aeolic emma) (Koine (h)immation)(Cf.Attic amphi-ennumi I dress, amph-iesis clothing)<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἰβῆν</span></span></b> <i>ibên</i> wine (Dialectal <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϝοἶνος</span></span> Woînos Attic oinos) (accusative <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἰβῆνα</span></span> ibêna)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἴττον</span></span></b> <i>itton</i> one (Attic hen <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἕν</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καρανώ</span></span></b> <i>karanô</i> goat<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϟόσμος</span></span></b> <i>kosmos</i><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>kormos</i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archontes</a> in Crete, body of kosmoi (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κόσμος</span></span> order, ornament, honour, world – <i>kormos</i> trunk of a tree)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κύφερον, κυφή</span></span></b> <i>kypheron, kuphê</i> head (Attic kephalê)<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λάκος</span></span></b> <i>lakos</i> rag, tattered garment (Attic rhakos) (<a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a> brakos long robe, lacks the sense 'ragged')<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μαλκενίς</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2364857">malkenis</a></i> (Attic parthenos) Hsch: malakinnês.</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὄθρυν</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2372180">othrun</a></i> mountain (Attic oros) (Cf.<a href="/wiki/Othrys" class="mw-redirect" title="Othrys">Othrys</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῥυστόν</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392873">rhyston</a></i> spear</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σεῖφα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393600">seipha</a></i> darkness (Attic zophos, skotia) (Aeolic dnophos)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σπεῦσδος</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2395900">speusdos</a></i> title of Cretan officer (Cf.speudô speus- rush)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τάγανα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23102143">tagana</a></i> (Attic tauta) these things</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τίρος</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23104049">tiros</a></i> summer (Homeric, Attic theros)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τρέ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23104654">tre</a></i> you, accusative ( Attic se )</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Laconian_2">Laconian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Laconian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀβήρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;layout=;query=entry%3D%2383;loc=a%29be%2Frbhlon">abêr</a></i> storeroom <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οἴκημα στοὰς ἔχον, ταμεῖον Λάκωνες</span></span></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀϝώρ</span></span></b> <i>awôr</i> dawn (Attic ἠώς <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">êôs</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> aurora)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄδδα</span></span></b> <i>adda</i> need, deficiency (Attic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2335108">endeia</a>) <a href="/wiki/Aristophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Aristophanes of Byzantium">Aristophanes of Byzantium</a>(fr. 33)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀδδαυόν</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%231163">addauon</a></i> dry (i.e. azauon) or addanon (Attic xêron)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἴκουδα</span></span></b> <i>aikouda</i> (Attic aischunē) <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἰσχύνη. Λάκωνες</span></span></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἵματία</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232415">haimatia</a></i> blood-broth, Spartan Melas Zomos <a href="/wiki/Black_soup" title="Black soup">Black soup</a>) (haima haimatos blood)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀΐτας</span></span></b> <i>aïtas</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐρώμενος</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Eromenos" title="Eromenos">erōmenos</a></i>) "beloved boy (in a <a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">pederastic</a> relationship)"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀκκόρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%233197">akkor</a></i> tube, bag (Attic askos)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀκχαλίβαρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%233792">akchalibar</a></i> bed (Attic skimpous)(<a href="/wiki/Koine" class="mw-redirect" title="Koine">Koine</a> krabbatos)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμβροτίξας</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%235083">ambrotixas</a></i> having begun, past participle(amphi or ana..+ ?) (Attic aparxamenos, aparchomai) (Doric -ixas for Attic -isas)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμπέσσαι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%235516">ampesai</a></i> (Attic amphiesai) to dress</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀπαβοίδωρ</span></span></b> <i>apaboidôr</i> out of tune (Attic ekmelôs) (Cf.Homeric singer <a href="/wiki/Aoidos" title="Aoidos">Aoidos</a>) / <i>emmelôs, aboidôr</i> in tune</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἀπέλλα</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Apella" class="mw-redirect" title="Apella">apella</a></i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐκκλησία</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">ekklēsia</a></i>) "assembly in <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>" (verb apellazein)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀρβυλίς</span></span></b> <i>arbylis</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀρύβαλλος</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Aryballos" title="Aryballos">aryballos</a></i>) (Hesychius: <b>ἀρβυλίδα</b> λήκυθον. Λάκωνες)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄττασι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2317266">attasi</a></i> wake up, get up (Attic anastêthi)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βάβαλον</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2318960">babalon</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Imperative_mood" title="Imperative mood">imperative</a> of cry aloud, shout (Attic kraugason)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βάγαρον</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2318973">bagaron</a></i> (Attic χλιαρόν <i>chliaron</i> 'warm') (Cf. Attic φώγω <i>phōgō</i> 'roast') (Laconian word)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βαφά</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319681">bapha</a></i> broth (Attic zômos) (Attic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319684"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βαφή</span></span> baphê</a> dipping of red-hot iron in water (<a href="/wiki/Koine" class="mw-redirect" title="Koine">Koine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> βαφή <i>vafi</i> <a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">dyeing</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝείκατι</span></span></b> <i>weikati</i> twenty (Attic εἴκοσι eikosi)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βέλα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319758">bela</a></i> sun and dawn Laconian (Attic <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">helios</a> Cretan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2375">abelios</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βερνώμεθα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319826">bernômetha</a></i> Attic <i>klêrôsômetha</i> we will cast or obtain by lot (inf. <i>berreai</i>) (Cf.Attic <i>meiresthai</i> receive portion, Doric <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2365756">bebramena</a> for heimarmenê, allotted by <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βέσκερος</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319826">beskeros</a></i> bread (Attic artos)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βήλημα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319837">bêlêma</a></i> hindrance, river dam (Laconian)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βηρίχαλκον</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319852">bêrichalkon</a></i> fennel (Attic marathos) (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">chalkos</i></span> bronze)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βίβασις</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319895">bibasis</a></i> Spartan dance for boys and girls</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βίδυοι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319930">bidyoi</a></i> <i>bideoi, bidiaioi also</i> "officers in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Ephebos" title="Ephebos">ephebes</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βίὡρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320011">biôr</a></i> almost, maybe (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἴσως</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">isôs</i></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σχεδόν</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">schedon</i></span>) wihôr (ϝίὡρ)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βλαγίς</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320025">blagis</a></i> spot (Attic kêlis)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βοῦα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320475">boua</a></i> "group of boys in the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Agoge" title="Agoge">agōgē</a></i>"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βο(υ)αγός</span></span></b> <i>bo(u)agos</i> "leader of a <i>boua</i> at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βυλλίχης</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321217">bullichês</a></i> Laconian dancer (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">orchêstês</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βώνημα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321339">bônêma</a></i> speech (Homeric, Ionic eirêma <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2331179">eireo</a>) (Cf.Attic phônêma sound, speech)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γαβεργόρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321362">gabergor</a></i> labourer (ga earth wergon work) (Cf.geôrgos farmer)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γαιάδας</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321403">gaiadas</a></i> citizens, people (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">dêmos</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γονάρ</span></span></b> <i>gonar</i> mother Laconian (gonades children Eur. Med. 717)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δαβελός</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323155">dabelos</a></i> torch (Attic dalos)(Syracusan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323187">daelos, dawelos</a>)(Modern Greek davlos) (Laconian <b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δαβῇ</span></span></b> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">dabêi</i></span></i> (Attic <i>kauthêi</i>) it should be burnt)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δίζα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2326745">diza</a></i> goat (Attic aix) and Hera aigophagos Goat-eater in Sparta</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εἴρην</span></span></b> <i>eirēn</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔφηβος</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Ephebos" title="Ephebos">ephēbos</a></i>) "<a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> youth who has completed his 12th year"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εἰσπνήλας</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3D%239884">eispnēlas</a></i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐραστής</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Erastes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Erastes (disambiguation)">erastēs</a></i>) one who inspires love, a lover (Attic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2331503">eispneô</a> inhale, breathe)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐξωβάδια</span></span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2337723">exôbadia</a> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">enôtia</i></span> ; <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">ôta</i></span> ears)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔφοροι</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">ephoroi</a></i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔφοροι ἄρχοντες</span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">archontes</a></i>) "high officials at Sparta". Cf. Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἔφορος</span></span> <i>ephoros</i> "overseer, guardian"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θοράτης</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2348957">Thoratês</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2348968">thoraios</a> containing the semen, god of growth and increase</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θρῶναξ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2349249">thrônax</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Drone_(bee)" title="Drone (bee)">drone</a> (Attic kêphên)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κάφα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2356281">kapha</a></i> washing, bathing-tub (Attic loutêr) (Cf.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2394619">skaphê</a> basin, bowl)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κελοῖα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2356521">keloia</a></i> (kelya, kelea also) "contest for boys and youths at <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a>"</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κίρα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2357519">kira</a></i>fox (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">alôpêx</i></span>) (Hsch kiraphos).</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μεσόδμα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2366430">mesodma, messodoma</a></i> woman and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%238921"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀνθρωπώ</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">anthrôpô</i></span></a> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">gunê</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μυρταλίς</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2369398">myrtalis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Butcher%27s_broom" class="mw-redirect" title="Butcher's broom">Butcher's broom</a> (Attic oxumursinê) (Myrtale real name of <a href="/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias">Olympias</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πάσορ</span></span></b> <i>pasor</i> passion (Attic pathos)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πόρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2385719">por</a></i> leg, foot (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">pous</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πούρδαιν</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2386103">pourdain</a></i> restaurant (Koine mageirion) (Cf.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2391620">purdalon</a>, purodansion (from <i>pyr</i> fire hence <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σαλαβάρ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393117">salabar</a></i> cook (Common Doric/Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">mageiros</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σίκα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2394092">sika</a></i> 'pig' (Attic hus) and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2322921">grôna</a> female pig.</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σιρία</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2394279">siria</a></i> safeness (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">asphaleia</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ψιθωμίας</span></span></b> <i>psithômias</i> ill, sick (Attic asthenês) <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Λάκωνες τὸν ἀσθενῆ</span></span></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ψιλάκερ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23115719">psilaker</a></i> first dancer</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὠβά</span></span></b> <i>ôba</i> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κώμη</span></span> <i>kōmē</i>) "village; one of five quarters of the city of Sparta"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magna_Graecia's_Doric"><span id="Magna_Graecia.27s_Doric"></span>Magna Graecia's Doric</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Magna Graecia's Doric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀστύξενοι</span></span></b> <i>astyxenoi</i> <a href="/wiki/Metic" title="Metic">Metics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Tarentine</a></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βάννας</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319313">bannas</a></i> king <a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">basileus</a>, wanax, <a href="/wiki/Anax_(Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anax (Greek)">anax</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βειλαρμοσταὶ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319753">beilarmostai</a></i> cavalry officers Tarentine (Attic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2350342">ilarchai</a>) (ilē, squadron + Laconian <a href="/wiki/Harmost" title="Harmost">harmost</a>-)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δόστορε</span></span></b> <i>dostore</i> 'you make' <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Tarentine</a> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ποιεῖτε</span></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θαύλια</span></span></b> <i>Thaulia</i> "festival of <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Tarentum</a>", <b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θαυλακίζειν</span></span></b> <i>thaulakizein</i> 'to demand sth with uproar' Tarentine, <b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θαυλίζειν</span></span></b> <i>thaulizein</i> "to celebrate like Dorians", <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θαῦλος</span></span> <i>Thaulos</i> "<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> Ares", <a href="/wiki/Thessalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalian">Thessalian</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ζεὺς Θαύλιος</span></span> <i>Zeus Thaulios</i>, <a href="/wiki/Athenian" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian">Athenian</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ζεὺς Θαύλων</span></span> <i>Zeus Thaulon</i>, Athenian family <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θαυλωνίδαι</span></span> <i>Thaulonidai</i></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ῥάγανον</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392055">rhaganon</a></i> easy <a href="/wiki/Thuriian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thuriian">Thuriian</a> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">rhaidion</i></span>) (Aeolic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">braidion</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σκύτας</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2395366">skytas</a></i> 'back-side of neck' (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">trachēlos</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τήνης</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23103860">tênês</a></i> till Tarentine (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἕως</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">heôs</i></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τρυφώματα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23105762">tryphômata</a></i> whatever are fed or nursed, children, cattle (Attic thremmata)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὑετίς</span></span></b> <i>huetis</i> jug, <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphora</a> Tarentine (Attic hydris, <a href="/wiki/Hydria" title="Hydria">hydria</a>)(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23106530">huetos</a> rain)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North-West">North-West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: North-West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aetolian-Acarnanian">Aetolian-Acarnanian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Aetolian-Acarnanian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀγρίδιον</span></span></b> <i>agridion</i> 'village' <a href="/wiki/Aetolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian">Aetolian</a> (Attic chôrion)(Hesychius text: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">*<span lang="grc"><b>ἀγρίδιον</b> κωμάριον, χωρίον vA [παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς]</span></span> dim. of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23851">agros</a> countryside, field)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀερία</span></span></b> <i>aeria</i> fog <a href="/wiki/Aetolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian">Aetolian</a> (Attic omichlê, aêr air)(Hsch.<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><b>ἀερία</b> ὀμίχλη, παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς.</span></span>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κίββα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2357306">kibba</a></i> wallet, bag <a href="/wiki/Aetolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aetolian">Aetolian</a> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πήρα</span></span> pêra) (Cypr. kibisis) (Cf.Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κιβωτός</span></span> kibôtos ark kibôtion box <a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suid</a>. cites kibos)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πλήτομον</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383874">plêtomon</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Acarnanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarnanian">Acarnanian</a> old, ancient (Attic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2376766">palaion</a>,<i>palaiotaton</i> very old)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Delphic-Locrian">Delphic-Locrian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Delphic-Locrian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δείλομαι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320622">deilomai</a></i> will, want <a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphian</a>(Attic boulomai) (<a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Coan</a> dêlomai) (Doric bôlomai) (Thessalian belloumai)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝαργάνα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2342167">Wargana</a></i> female worker epithet for <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphic</a>) (Attic Erganê) (Attic ergon work, Doric Wergon, Elean <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2342215"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝάργον</span></span> Wargon</a></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝέρρω</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2342711">Werrô</a></i> go away <a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a> (Attic errô) (Hsch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319826">berrês</a> fugitive, berreuô escape)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϝεσπάριοι Λοϟροὶ</span></span></b> <i>Wesparioi Lokroi</i> Epizephyrian (Western) <a href="/wiki/Locrians" title="Locrians">Locrians</a> (Attic <i>hesperios</i> of evening, western, Doric <i>wesperios</i>) (cf. Latin <a href="/wiki/Vesper_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Vesper (disambiguation)">Vesper</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ὀπλίαι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2374535">opliai</a></i> places where the <a href="/wiki/Locrians" title="Locrians">Locrians</a> counted their cattle</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elean_2">Elean</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Elean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀϝλανέο̄ς</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%231802">aWlaneôs</a></i> without fraud, honestly IvO7 (Attic adolôs)(Hsch.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%233864">alanes</a> true)(Tarentinian alaneôs absolutely)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμίλλυξ</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%235284">amillux</a></i> scythe (Attic drepanon) in accus. <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμίλλυκα</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Boeotian</a> amillakas wine)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀττάμιος</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2317263">attamios</a></i> unpunished (Attic azêmios) from an earliest <i>addamios</i> (cf.Cretan, Boeotian <i>damioô</i> punish)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βάβακοι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2318958">babakoi</a></i> cicadas <a href="/wiki/Elean" class="mw-redirect" title="Elean">Elean</a> (Attic tettiges) (in <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a> babakoi frogs)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βαίδειος</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319122">baideios</a></i> ready (Attic hetoimos) (heteos fitness)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βενέοι</span></span></b> <i>beneoi</i> <a href="/wiki/Elean" class="mw-redirect" title="Elean">Elean</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βορσός</span></span></b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320399">borsos</a> pole, stake (Attic stauros)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βρα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320740">bra</a></i> brothers, brotherhood (Cf.Attic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23112241">phratra</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">βρατάνα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320827">bratana</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ladle_(spoon)" title="Ladle (spoon)">ladle</a> (Attic torune) (Doric <i>rhatana</i>) (cf. <a href="/wiki/Aeolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeolic">Aeolic</a> <i>bradanizô</i> brandish, shake off)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δειρῆται</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323782">deirêtai</a></i> small birds (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δρῆες</span></span> <i>drêes</i> or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δρῆγες</span></span> <i>drêges</i>) (Attic strouthoi) (Hsc. <i>trikkos</i> small bird and king by Eleans)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝράτρα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392206">Wratra</a></i> law, contract (Attic rhetra)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σερός</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393740">seros</a></i> yesterday (Attic chthes)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">στερχανά</span></span></b> <i>sterchana</i> funeral feast (Attic perideipnon)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φίλαξ</span></span></b> <i>philax</i> young <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> <i>ilax</i>, Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Holly" title="Holly">ilex</a></i> (Laconian <i>dilax</i> <a href="/wiki/Ariocarpus" title="Ariocarpus">ariocarpus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">sorbus</a>)(<a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Modern Cretan</a> <i>azilakas</i> <a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">Quercus ilex</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">φόρβυτα</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23112090">phorbuta</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Gums" title="Gums">gums</a> (Attic oula) (Homeric pherbô feed, eat)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epirotic">Epirotic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Epirotic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀγχωρίξαντας</span></span></b> <i>anchôrixantas</i><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having transferred, postponed<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chaonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaonian">Chaonian</a> (Attic metapherô, anaballô) (anchôrizo <i>anchi</i> near +<i>horizô</i> define and Doric <i>x</i> instead of Attic <i>s</i>) (Cf. Ionic <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;query=entry%3D%231075;layout=;loc=a%29gxou%2Frhs">anchouros</a> neighbouring) not to be confused with Doric <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%237833">anchôreô</a> Attic ana-chôreô go back, withdraw.</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀκαθαρτία</span></span></b> <i>akathartia</i> impurity (Attic/Doric akatharsia) (Lamelles Oraculaires 14)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀποτράχω</span></span></b> <i>apotrachô</i> run away (Attic/Doric <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2314104">apotrechô</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄσπαλοι</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316353">aspaloi</a></i> fishes Athamanian (Attic ichthyes) (<a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a> chlossoi) (Cf.LSJ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316348">aspalia</a> angling, <i>aspalieus</i> fisherman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316349">aspalieuomai</a> I angle metaph. of a lover, aspalisai: halieusai, sagêneusai. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%234672">hals</a> sea)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἄσπετος</span></span></b> <i>Aspetos</i> divine epithet of <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316371">aspetos</a> 'unspeakable, unspeakably great, endless' (Aristotle F 563 Rose; Plutarch, Pyrrhus 1; SH 960,4)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γνώσκω</span></span></b> <i>gnôskô</i> know (Attic gignôskô) (Ionic/Koine ginôskô) (Latin nōsco)(Attic gnôsis, Latin notio knowledge) (ref.<a href="/wiki/Orion_of_Thebes" title="Orion of Thebes">Orion</a> p. 42.17)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">διαιτός</span></span></b> <i>diaitos</i> (Hshc. judge kritês) (Attic diaitêtês arbitrator) Lamelles Oraculaires 16</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐσκιχρέμεν</span></span></b> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2342910">eskichremen</a></i> lend out <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πὲρ τοῖ <a href="/wiki/Argyria" title="Argyria">ἀργύρροι</a></span></span> (Lamelles Oraculaires 8 of Eubandros) (Attic eis + inf. kichranai from chraomai use)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϝεῖδυς</span></span></b> <i>Weidus</i> knowing (Doric <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ϝειδώς</span></span>) weidôs) (Elean <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ϝειζός</span></span> weizos) (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">εἰδώς</span></span>) eidôs) (<a href="/wiki/PIE" class="mw-redirect" title="PIE">PIE</a> *weid- "to know, to see", <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> veda I know) Cabanes, L'Épire 577,50</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κάστον</span></span></b> <i>kaston<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wood Athamanian (Attic xylon</i><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2371881">xyô</a> scrape, hence <a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">xyston</a>); <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <i> kāṣṭham</i> ("wood, timber, firewood") (Dialectical kalon<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wood, traditionally derived from kaiô<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> burn kauston<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sth that can be burnt, <i>kausimon</i> fuel)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">λῃτῆρες</span></span></b> <i>lêïtêres</i> Athamanian priests with garlands Hes.text <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἱεροὶ στεφανοφόροι. Ἀθαμᾶνες</span></span>(LSJ: lêitarchoi<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> public priests ) (hence <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Leitourgia</a></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μανύ</span></span></b> <i>manu</i><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> small Athamanian (Attic mikron, brachu) (Cf. manon<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rare) (PIE *men- small, thin) (Hsch. <i>banon</i> thin) ( <i>manosporos</i> thinly sown <i>manophullos</i> with small leaves <a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Thphr</a>.HP7.6.2–6.3)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Νάϊος</span></span></b> <i>Naios</i> or <i>Naos</i> epithet of <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodonaean</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> (from the spring in the oracle) (cf. <a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan (mythology)">Pan</a> Naios in <a href="/wiki/Pydna" title="Pydna">Pydna</a> SEG 50:622 (Homeric naô<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flow, Attic <i>nama</i> spring) (<a href="/wiki/PIE" class="mw-redirect" title="PIE">PIE</a> *sna-)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">παγάομαι</span></span></b> <i>pagaomai</i> 'wash in the spring' (of <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a>) (Doric <i>paga</i> Attic <i>pêgê</i> running water, fountain)<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">παμπασία</span></span></b> <i>pampasia</i> (to ask <i>peri pampasias</i> cliché phrase in the oracle) (Attic pampêsia<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> full property) (Doric <i>paomai</i> obtain)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πελιγᾶνες</span></span></b> <i><a href="/wiki/Peliganes" title="Peliganes">Peliganes</a></i> or <i>Peligones</i> (<a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirotan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> senators)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πρᾶμι</span></span></b> <i>prami</i> do <a href="/wiki/Optative_mood" title="Optative mood">optative</a> (Attic <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πράττοιμι</span></span> prattoimi) <a href="/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)" title="Syncope (medicine)">Syncope</a> (Lamelles Oraculaires 22)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τίνε</span></span></b> <i>tine</i> (Attic/Doric tini) to whom (Lamelles Oraculaires 7)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τριθυτικόν</span></span></b> <i>trithutikon</i> triple sacrifice tri + thuo(Lamelles Oraculaires 138)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Achaean_Doric_2">Achaean Doric</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Achaean Doric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καιρότερον</span></span></b> <i>kairoteron</i> (<a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a>: ἐνωρότερον enôroteron) "earlier" (<a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">kairos</a> time, enôros early cf. <a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a>)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κεφαλίδας</span></span></b> <i>kephalidas</i> (Attic: κόρσαι korsai) "<a href="/wiki/Sideburns" title="Sideburns">sideburns</a>" (<i>kephalides</i> was also an alternative for <i>epalxeis</i> 'bastions' in Greek proper)</li> <li><b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σιαλίς</span></span></b> <i>sialis</i> (Attic: βλέννος blennos) (cf. <a href="/wiki/Blennorrhea" title="Blennorrhea">blennorrhea</a>) <a href="/wiki/Slime" class="mw-disambig" title="Slime">slime</a>, mud (Greek <i>sialon</i> or <i>sielon</i> <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a>, modern Greek σάλιο salio)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griko_language" title="Griko language">Griko language</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Woodard-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodard_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger D. Woodard (2008), "Greek dialects", in: <i>The Ancient Languages of Europe</i>, ed. R. D. Woodard, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKarali2007" class="citation book cs1">Karali, Maria (2007). "The classification of the ancient Greek dialects". In Christidis, Anastassios-Fivos; Arapopoulou, Maria; Chriti, Maria (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC"><i>A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity</i></a>. Translated by Markham, Chris. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 390–391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83307-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83307-3"><bdi>978-0-521-83307-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+classification+of+the+ancient+Greek+dialects&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Greek%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=390-391&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83307-3&rft.aulast=Karali&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWJbd0m6YaFkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMéndez_Dosuna2007" class="citation book cs1">Méndez Dosuna, Julián (2007). "The Doric dialects". In Christidis, Anastassios-Fivos; Arapopoulou, Maria; Chriti, Maria (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC"><i>A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 444–445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83307-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83307-3"><bdi>978-0-521-83307-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Doric+dialects&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Greek%3A+From+the+Beginnings+to+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=444-445&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83307-3&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9ndez+Dosuna&rft.aufirst=Juli%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWJbd0m6YaFkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStriano2014" class="citation book cs1">Striano, Araceli (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10005154">"Doric"</a>. In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Bubenik, Vit; Crespo, Emilio; Golston, Chris; Lianeri, Alexandra; Luraghi, Silvia; Matthaios, Stephanos (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics</i>. 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"The Source of the So-Called Achaean-Doric κοινη". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Philology" title="American Journal of Philology">American Journal of Philology</a></i>. <b>21</b> (2): 193–196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F287905">10.2307/287905</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/287905">287905</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Philology&rft.atitle=The+Source+of+the+So-Called+Achaean-Doric+%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=193-196&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F287905&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F287905%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=Carl+Darling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003222534/http://multitree.org/codes/tsd">"MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships — Tsakonian"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/tsd">the original</a> on October 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MultiTree%3A+A+Digital+Library+of+Language+Relationships+%E2%80%94+Tsakonian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmultitree.org%2Fcodes%2Ftsd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moseley-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moseley_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2007" class="citation book cs1">Moseley, Christopher (2007). <i>Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages</i>. New York: Routledge. s.v. "Tsakonian".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+world%27s+endangered+languages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=s.v.+%22Tsakonian%22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇabej,_E.1961" class="citation journal cs1">Çabej, E. (1961). "Die alteren Wohnsitze der Albaner auf der Balkanhalbinsel im Lichte der Sprache und der Ortsnamen". <i>VII Congresso Internaz. Di Sciense Onomastiche</i>: 241–251.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VII+Congresso+Internaz.+Di+Sciense+Onomastiche&rft.atitle=Die+alteren+Wohnsitze+der+Albaner+auf+der+Balkanhalbinsel+im+Lichte+der+Sprache+und+der+Ortsnamen&rft.pages=241-251&rft.date=1961&rft.au=%C3%87abej%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span>; Albanian version BUShT 1962:1.219-227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Hamp" class="citation book cs1">Eric Hamp. Birnbaum, Henrik; Puhvel, Jaan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/~Groznijat/balkan/ehamp.html"><i>The position of Albanian, Ancient IE dialects, Proceedings of the Conference on IE linguistics held at the University of California, Los Angeles, April 25–27, 1963</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+position+of+Albanian%2C+Ancient+IE+dialects%2C+Proceedings+of+the+Conference+on+IE+linguistics+held+at+the+University+of+California%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+April+25%E2%80%9327%2C+1963&rft.au=Eric+Hamp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2F~Groznijat%2Fbalkan%2Fehamp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huld-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-huld_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuld,_Martin_E.1986" class="citation journal cs1">Huld, Martin E. (1986). "Accentual Stratification of Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian". <i>Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung</i>. <b>99</b> (2): 245–253.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+vergleichende+Sprachforschung&rft.atitle=Accentual+Stratification+of+Ancient+Greek+Loanwords+in+Albanian&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=245-253&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Huld%2C+Martin+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neil, James. <i>26th Conference of the Australasian Society for Classical Studies</i>, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011033627/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SDG/is_3_73/ai_n13493402/pg_6">https://web.archive.org/web/20081011033627/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SDG/is_3_73/ai_n13493402/pg_6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filos227-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Filos227_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filos227_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filos227_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filos227_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanagiotis_Filos2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Panagiotis Filos (2017). "The Dialectal Variety of Epirus". In Georgios Giannakis; Emilio Crespo; Panagiotis Filos (eds.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter. p. 227. <q>The North-West group together with Doric (proper) formed the so-called 'West Greek' major dialectal group (or simply 'Doric' […]). However, the term 'North-West Doric' is considered more accurate nowadays […] since there is more emphasis on the many features that are common to both groups rather than on their less numerous and largely secondary differences.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dialectal+Variety+of+Epirus&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.place=Berlin+and+Boston&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Panagiotis+Filos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Los dialectos dorios del Noroeste. Gramática y estudio dialectal</i> (in Spanish). Salamanca. 1985. p. 508.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+dialectos+dorios+del+Noroeste.+Gram%C3%A1tica+y+estudio+dialectal&rft.place=Salamanca&rft.pages=508&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanagiotis_Filos2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Panagiotis Filos (2017). "The Dialectal Variety of Epirus". In Georgios Giannakis; Emilio Crespo; Panagiotis Filos (eds.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter. p. 230.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dialectal+Variety+of+Epirus&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.place=Berlin+and+Boston&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Panagiotis+Filos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mendez Dosuna, <i>Doric dialects,</i> p. 452 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WJbd0m6YaFkC&pg=PA444">online</a> at Google Books).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin1874" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Watson_Goodwin" title="William Watson Goodwin">Goodwin, William Watson</a> (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ugIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1"><i>Plutarch's Morals, tr. by several hands. Corrected and revised by W.W. Goodwin</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plutarch%27s+Morals%2C+tr.+by+several+hands.+Corrected+and+revised+by+W.W.+Goodwin&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=William+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ugIAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Greek questions</i> 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IG IX,1² 3:609</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Die Inschriften von Olympia,</i> IvO 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sophie Minon, <i>Les Inscriptions Éléennes Dialectale</i>, reviewed by Stephen Colvin (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2007/2007-11-07.html">online</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lamelles Oraculaires</i> 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Potter1751" class="citation book cs1">John Potter (1751). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/archaeologiagrae01pottiala"><i>Archaeologia Graeca Or the Antiquities of Greece</i></a>. C. Strahan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeologia+Graeca+Or+the+Antiquities+of+Greece&rft.pub=C.+Strahan&rft.date=1751&rft.au=John+Potter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farchaeologiagrae01pottiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cabanes, <i>L'Épire de la mort de Pyrrhos a la conquête romaine (272–167 av. J.C.).</i> Paris 1976, p. 534,1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzopoulos2017" class="citation book cs1">Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXFLDwAAQBAJ&q=ancient+macedonian+speech&pg=PT301">"Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives"</a>. In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-053081-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-053081-0"><bdi>978-3-11-053081-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recent+Research+in+the+Ancient+Macedonian+Dialect%3A+Consolidation+and+New+Perspectives&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-11-053081-0&rft.aulast=Hatzopoulos&rft.aufirst=Miltiades+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXXFLDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dancient%2Bmacedonian%2Bspeech%26pg%3DPT301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammond1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hammond1_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hammond_(historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Hammond (historian)">Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière</a> (1993) [1989]. <i>The Macedonian State. Origins, Institutions and History</i> (reprint ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-814927-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-814927-1"><bdi>0-19-814927-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Macedonian+State.+Origins%2C+Institutions+and+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-814927-1&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Geoffrey+Lempri%C3%A8re&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Meier-Brügger: <i>Indo-European linguistics.</i> Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 2003, p. 28 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=49xq3UlKWckC&pg=PA28">online</a> on Google books): "The Macedonian of the ancient kingdom of northern Greece is probably nothing other than a northern Greek dialect of Doric".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crespo2017-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crespo2017_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrespo2017" class="citation book cs1">Crespo, Emilio (2017). "The Softening of Obstruent Consonants in the Macedonian Dialect". In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 329. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-053081-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-053081-0"><bdi>978-3-11-053081-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Softening+of+Obstruent+Consonants+in+the+Macedonian+Dialect&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-11-053081-0&rft.aulast=Crespo&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordCD1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OxfordCD1_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier_Masson2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Olivier Masson (2003) [1996]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/staff/jprodr/macedonia/macanclan.html">"Macedonian language"</a>. In Simon Hornblower; Antony Spawforth (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Classical_Dictionary" title="Oxford Classical Dictionary">The Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i> (revised 3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 905–906. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860641-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860641-9"><bdi>0-19-860641-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macedonian+language&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=905-906&rft.edition=revised+3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-860641-9&rft.au=Olivier+Masson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucc.ie%2Fstaff%2Fjprodr%2Fmacedonia%2Fmacanclan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian D. Joseph: "Ancient Greek". In: J. Garry et al. (eds.): <i>Facts about the world's major languages: an encyclopedia of the world's major languages, past and present.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm">Online paper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161001113024/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/articles/gancient.htm">Archived</a> 2016-10-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Engels: "Macedonians and Greeks", p. 95. In: Joseph Roisman, Ian Worthington: <i>A Companion to Ancient Macedonia.</i> Chapter 5. John Wiley & Sons, New York 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hatzopoulos2017-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hatzopoulos2017_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzopoulos2017" class="citation book cs1">Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXFLDwAAQBAJ&q=ancient+macedonian+speech&pg=PT301">"Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives"</a>. In Giannakis, Georgios K.; Crespo, Emilio; Filos, Panagiotis (eds.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 321–322. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-053081-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-053081-0"><bdi>978-3-11-053081-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recent+Research+in+the+Ancient+Macedonian+Dialect%3A+Consolidation+and+New+Perspectives&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.pages=321-322&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-11-053081-0&rft.aulast=Hatzopoulos&rft.aufirst=Miltiades+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXXFLDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dancient%2Bmacedonian%2Bspeech%26pg%3DPT301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodard2008" class="citation book cs1">Woodard, Roger D., ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aPEENAEp938C"><i>The Ancient Languages of Europe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. between pages 49 and 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46932-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46932-6"><bdi>978-1-139-46932-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Languages+of+Europe&rft.pages=between+pages+49+and+50&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-139-46932-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaPEENAEp938C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Classification of the West Greek dialects at the time about 350 B.C.</i> by Antonín Bartoněk,Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert, 1972, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVit_Bubenik2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Vit Bubenik (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mL9erLJ5afUC&pg=RA1-PA439">"Variety of speech in Greek linguistics: The dialects and the <i>koinè</i>"</a>. In Sylvain Auroux; et al. (eds.). <i>Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften. Ein internationales Handbuch zur Entwicklung der Sprachforschung von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart</i>. Vol. Band 1. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 441 f. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-011103-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-011103-3"><bdi>978-3-11-011103-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Variety+of+speech+in+Greek+linguistics%3A+The+dialects+and+the+koin%C3%A8&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Sprachwissenschaften.+Ein+internationales+Handbuch+zur+Entwicklung+der+Sprachforschung+von+den+Anf%C3%A4ngen+bis+zur+Gegenwart.&rft.place=Berlin+and+New+York&rft.pages=441+f&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-11-011103-3&rft.au=Vit+Bubenik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmL9erLJ5afUC%26pg%3DRA1-PA439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filos230_3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Filos230_3_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filos230_3_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Filos230_3_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanagiotis_Filos2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Panagiotis Filos (2017). "The Dialectal Variety of Epirus". In Georgios Giannakis; Emilio Crespo; Panagiotis Filos (eds.). <i>Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects: From Central Greece to the Black Sea</i>. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 230–233.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dialectal+Variety+of+Epirus&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ancient+Greek+Dialects%3A+From+Central+Greece+to+the+Black+Sea&rft.place=Berlin+and+Boston&rft.pages=230-233&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Panagiotis+Filos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVit_Bubenik1989" class="citation book cs1">Vit Bubenik (1989). <i>Hellenistic and Roman Greece as a Sociolinguistic Area</i>. Amsterdam. pp. 193–213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+and+Roman+Greece+as+a+Sociolinguistic+Area&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=193-213&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Vit+Bubenik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWojciech_Sowa2018" class="citation book cs1">Wojciech Sowa (2018). "The dialectology of Greek". In Matthias Fritz; Brian Joseph; Jared Klein (eds.). <i>Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics</i>. De Gruyter Mouton. p. 715. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-054036-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-054036-9"><bdi>978-3-11-054036-9</bdi></a>. <q>In different regions of Greece, however, different sorts of koinai emerged, of which the best known was the Doric Koinē, preserving general Doric features, but without local differences, and with an admixture of Attic forms. As in the case of the Doric Koinē, the Northwest Koinē (connected with the so-called Aetolian League) displayed the same mixture of native dialectal elements with Attic elements.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+dialectology+of+Greek&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Comparative+and+Historical+Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.pages=715&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-11-054036-9&rft.au=Wojciech+Sowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Minon2014" class="citation book cs1">S. Minon (2014). "Diffusion de l'attique et expansion des <i>koinai</i> dans le Péloponnèse et en Grèce centrale". <i>Actes de la journée internationale de dialectologie grecque du 18 mars 2011, université Paris-Ouest Nanterre</i>. Geneva. pp. 1–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diffusion+de+l%27attique+et+expansion+des+koinai+dans+le+P%C3%A9loponn%C3%A8se+et+en+Gr%C3%A8ce+centrale&rft.btitle=Actes+de+la+journ%C3%A9e+internationale+de+dialectologie+grecque+du+18+mars+2011%2C+universit%C3%A9+Paris-Ouest+Nanterre&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2014&rft.au=S.+Minon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%234136">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%25234136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321102">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252321102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321102">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252321102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2324395">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252324395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;query=entry%3D%2333929;layout=;loc=e%28%2Flwma">"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Α α"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+Liddell%2C+Robert+Scott%2C+A+Greek-English+Lexicon%2C+%CE%91+%CE%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%3Bquery%3Dentry%253D%252333929%3Blayout%3D%3Bloc%3De%2528%252Flwma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2359795">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252359795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2359184">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252359184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;layout=;query=entry%3D%2361678;loc=laiosta%2Fths">"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Α α"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+Liddell%2C+Robert+Scott%2C+A+Greek-English+Lexicon%2C+%CE%91+%CE%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%3Blayout%3D%3Bquery%3Dentry%253D%252361678%3Bloc%3Dlaiosta%252Fths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2369319">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252369319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2374673">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252374673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377724">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252377724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392180">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252392180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2392230">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252392230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23113314">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%2523113314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch Greek question <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Ballacrades&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=pw">51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323551">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252323551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dionysism and Comedy <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wob1UszzkZwC&pg=PA157">[1]</a> by Xavier Riu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2328438">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252328438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2356950">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252356950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2360721">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252360721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2393679">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252393679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0072%3Aentry%3D%2340">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0072%253Aentry%253D%252340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2311183">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252311183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3D%231432">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%253D%25231432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2317908">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252317908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232940">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%25232940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2394678">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252394678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%234868">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%25234868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2314771">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252314771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2317393">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252317393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2319263">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252319263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321003">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252321003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2323393">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252323393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2329773">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252329773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2316936">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252316936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057;layout=;query=entry%3D%2333926;loc=e%29%2Flfos">"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Α α"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+George+Liddell%2C+Robert+Scott%2C+A+Greek-English+Lexicon%2C+%CE%91+%CE%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%3Blayout%3D%3Bquery%3Dentry%253D%252333926%3Bloc%3De%2529%252Flfos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2321810">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252321810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2331120">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252331120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2349785">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252349785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2351404">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252351404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353271">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252353271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2359340">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252359340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2359140">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252359140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2361154">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252361154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2361719">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252361719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raphael Kühner, Friedrich Blass, Ausführliche Grammatik der Griechischen Sprache <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=bannas+%28italiot.%29+%3D+anax%2C+&btnG=Search">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elis — Olympia — bef. c. 500–450 BC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=213810&bookid=224&region=2&subregion=5">IvO 7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epeiros — <a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a> — 4th c. BC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=194109&bookid=172&region=4&subregion=10">SEG 15:397</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Oracles of Zeus: Dodona, Olympia, Ammon – Page 261 by Herbert William Parke</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epeiros — Dodona — ~340 BC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/oi?ikey=308176&bookid=778&region=4">SEG 26.700</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9EjhoUU_U0cC&pg=PA250">Trans.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander the Great: A Reader <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OiM51I7_A1gC&pg=PA22">[3]</a> by Ian Worthing</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greek Mythography in the Roman World <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ac4ta6tkT1YC&pg=PA141">[4]</a> By Alan Cameron (Aspetides)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.google.com/search?tab=sw&sa=N&hl=en&lr=&q=Aspetides&btnG=Search">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(cf. Athenian secretary: Aspetos, son of Demostratos from <a href="/wiki/Kytheros_(deme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kytheros (deme)">Kytheros</a> ~340 BC)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Aspetos+Demostratos&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=pw">[6]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pokorny – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=/data/ie/pokorny&text_number=1670&root=config">aspetos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2353631">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252353631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3D%2322565">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0058%253Aentry%253D%252322565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2352825">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252352825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3D%2316584">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0058%253Aentry%253D%252316584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2356259">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252356259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2362875">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252362875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2364968">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252364968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2364937">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252364937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2369926">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252369926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2376402">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252376402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2377107">"No document found"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+document+found&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fptext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253D%252377107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADoric+Greek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bakker, Egbert J., ed. 2010. <i>A companion to the Ancient Greek language.</i> Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.</li> <li>Cassio, Albio Cesare. 2002. "The language of Doric comedy." In <i>The language of Greek comedy.</i> Edited by Anton Willi, 51–83. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Colvin, Stephen C. 2007. <i>A historical Greek reader: Mycenaean to the koiné.</i> Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Horrocks, Geoffrey. 2010. <i>Greek: A history of the language and its speakers.</i> 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.</li> <li>Palmer, Leonard R. 1980. <i>The Greek language.</i> London: Faber & Faber.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doric_Greek&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Doric Greek</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Doric+Greek">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Doric+Greek&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-169483/Doric-dialect">Doric Greek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li>Grammar of the Greek Language (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grammargreeklan00fiskgoog/page/n254">M1 Doric</a> by Benjamin Franklin Fisk (1844)</li> <li>The Elements of Greek Grammar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsgreekgr00anthgoog/page/n335">Doric</a> by Richard Valpy, Charles Anthon (1834)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/*-e323450">Doric/Northwest Greek</a> Brill's New Pauly Online</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Greece_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Greece topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Timeline of ancient Greece">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="HistoryGeography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_culture" title="Cycladic culture">Cycladic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Dark_Ages" title="Greek Dark Ages">Greek Dark Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_ancient_Greece" title="Regions of ancient Greece">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity" title="Colonies in antiquity">Ancient Greek colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="City_statesPoliticsMilitary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">City states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretria" title="Eretria">Eretria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Kerkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis,_Greece" title="Megalopolis, Greece">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissus_(Crete)" title="Lissus (Crete)">Lissus (Crete)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bithynia" title="Kingdom of Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cappadocia" title="Kingdom of Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pergamon" title="Kingdom of Pergamon">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pontus" title="Kingdom of Pontus">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federations</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doric Hexapolis</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1100</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiotes#Italiote_League" title="Italiotes">Italiote League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–389 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_League" title="Ionian League">Ionian League</a> (c. 650–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_League" title="Peloponnesian League">Peloponnesian League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 550</span>–366 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonic_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictyonic League">Amphictyonic League</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 595</span>–279 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acarnanian_League" title="Acarnanian League">Acarnanian League</a> (c. 500–31 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Persian_Wars" title="Greco-Persian Wars">Hellenic League</a> (499–449 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delian_League" title="Delian League">Delian League</a> (478–404 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_League" title="Chalcidian League">Chalcidian League</a> (430–348 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia#Boeotian_League" title="Boeotia">Boeotian League</a> (c. 424–c. 395 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aetolian_League" title="Aetolian League">Aetolian League</a> (c. 400–188 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Athenian_League" title="Second Athenian League">Second Athenian League</a> (378–355 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessalian_League" title="Thessalian League">Thessalian League</a> (374–196 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadian_League" title="Arcadian League">Arcadian League</a> (370–c. 230 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_League" title="Epirote League">Epirote League</a> (370–168 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> (338–322 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euboean_League" title="Euboean League">Euboean League</a> (c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_League" title="Achaean League">Achaean League</a> (280–146 BC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boule_(ancient_Greece)" title="Boule (ancient Greece)">Boule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_city_(classical_antiquity)" title="Free city (classical antiquity)">Free city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon" title="Koinon">Koinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxeny" title="Proxeny">Proxeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Stasis (ancient Greece)">Stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_(title)" title="Tagus (title)">Tagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrant" title="Tyrant">Tyrant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Athenian_democracy" title="Athenian democracy">Athenian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(ancient_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesia (ancient Athens)">Ecclesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphe_paranomon" title="Graphe paranomon">Graphe paranomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliaia" title="Heliaia">Heliaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Constitution" title="Spartan Constitution">Spartan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_(Sparta)" title="Ecclesia (Sparta)">Ekklesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephor" title="Ephor">Ephor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synedrion" title="Synedrion">Synedrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koinon_of_Macedonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinon of Macedonians">Koinon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Greece" title="List of wars involving Greece">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_military" title="Athenian military">Athenian military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_archers" title="Scythian archers">Scythian archers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_Macedonian_army" title="Antigonid Macedonian army">Antigonid Macedonian army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_army" title="Ancient Macedonian army">Army of Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_archers" title="Cretan archers">Cretan archers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_armies" title="Hellenistic armies">Hellenistic armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippeis" title="Hippeis">Hippeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">Hoplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_cavalry" title="Companion cavalry">Hetairoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phalanx" title="Macedonian phalanx">Macedonian phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Mycenaean_Greece" title="Military of Mycenaean Greece">Military of Mycenaean Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx" title="Phalanx">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peltast" title="Peltast">Peltast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pezhetairos" title="Pezhetairos">Pezhetairos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarissa" title="Sarissa">Sarissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciritae" title="Sciritae">Sciritae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_army" title="Seleucid army">Seleucid army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_army" title="Spartan army">Spartan army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxotai" title="Toxotai">Toxotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xyston" title="Xyston">Xyston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greeks" title="Category:Ancient Greeks">People</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_ancient_Greeks"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">List of ancient Greeks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rulers_of_Greece#Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of rulers of Greece">Rulers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Argos" title="List of kings of Argos">Kings of Argos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Archons of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Athens" title="List of kings of Athens">Kings of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Kings of Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Macedonia" title="List of kings of Macedonia">Kings of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia">Kings of Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalid kings of Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Kings of Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Sparta" title="List of kings of Sparta">Kings of Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tyrants_of_Syracuse" title="List of tyrants of Syracuse">Tyrants of Syracuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_astronomers" title="List of ancient Greek astronomers">Astronomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Graeco-Roman_geographers" title="List of Graeco-Roman geographers">Geographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_historians" title="List of ancient Greek historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_mathematicians" title="List of ancient Greek mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_philosophers" title="List of ancient Greek philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_playwrights" title="List of ancient Greek playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_poets" title="List of ancient Greek poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece" title="Seven Sages of Greece">Seven Sages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_writers" title="List of ancient Greek writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaxagoras" title="Anaxagoras">Anaxagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximander" title="Anaximander">Anaximander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Miletus" title="Anaximenes of Miletus">Anaximenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisthenes" title="Antisthenes">Antisthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes of Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicurus" title="Epicurus">Epicurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgias" title="Gorgias">Gorgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclitus" title="Heraclitus">Heraclitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia" title="Hypatia">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus" title="Leucippus">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenides" title="Parmenides">Parmenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_of_Miletus" title="Thales of Miletus">Thales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Elea" title="Zeno of Elea">Zeno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Authors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesop" title="Aesop">Aesop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcaeus_of_Mytilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcaeus of Mytilene">Alcaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archilochus" title="Archilochus">Archilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristophanes" title="Aristophanes">Aristophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipponax" title="Hipponax">Hipponax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibycus" title="Ibycus">Ibycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander" title="Menander">Menander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimnermus" title="Mimnermus">Mimnermus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philocles" title="Philocles">Philocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stesichorus" title="Stesichorus">Stesichorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theognis_of_Megara" title="Theognis of Megara">Theognis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timocreon" title="Timocreon">Timocreon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrtaeus" title="Tyrtaeus">Tyrtaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Athenian_statesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Athenian statesmen">Athenian statesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_lawgivers" title="List of ancient Greek lawgivers">Lawgivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Olympic_victors" title="List of ancient Olympic victors">Olympic victors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tyrants" title="List of ancient Greek tyrants">Tyrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_tribes" title="List of ancient Greek tribes">Ancient Greek tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Macedonians" title="List of ancient Macedonians">Ancient Macedonians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SocietyCulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece#Politics_and_society" title="Ancient Greece">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_ancient_Greece" title="Agriculture in ancient Greece">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_ancient_Greece" title="Clothing in ancient Greece">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_cuisine" title="Ancient Greek cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(antiquity)" title="Emporium (antiquity)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euergetism" title="Euergetism">Euergetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_festivals" title="Athenian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_folklore" title="Ancient Greek folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in ancient Greece">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_law" title="Ancient Greek law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">Pederasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_philosophy" title="Ancient Greek philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Prostitution in ancient Greece">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_ancient_Greece" title="Slavery in ancient Greece">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_ancient_Greece" title="Marriage in ancient Greece">Wedding customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece_and_wine" title="Ancient Greece and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Arts</a> and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_ancient_Greece" title="Music of ancient Greece">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece" title="Musical system of ancient Greece">Musical system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery_of_ancient_Greece" title="Pottery of ancient Greece">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_technology" title="Ancient Greek technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_ancient_Greece" title="Theatre of ancient Greece">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_funeral_and_burial_practices" title="Ancient Greek funeral and burial practices">Funeral and burial practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">mythological figures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Underworld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;text-align:left;">Sacred places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleusis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleusis">Eleusis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion,_Pieria" title="Dion, Pieria">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodona" title="Dodona">Dodona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Greece" title="Olympia, Greece">Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athenian_Treasury" title="Athenian Treasury">Athenian Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Gate" title="Lion Gate">Lion Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippeion" title="Philippeion">Philippeion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_of_Eupalinos" title="Tunnel of Eupalinos">Tunnel of Eupalinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_temple" title="Ancient Greek temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Athena_Nike" title="Temple of Athena Nike">Athena Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hera,_Olympia" title="Temple of Hera, Olympia">Hera, Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Zeus,_Olympia" title="Temple of Zeus, Olympia">Zeus, Olympia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">Writing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Greek_colonisation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_colonisation" title="Greek colonisation">Greek colonisation</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lecce" title="Lecce">Alision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brindisi" title="Brindisi">Brentesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caulonia_(ancient_city)" title="Caulonia (ancient city)">Caulonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casabona" title="Casabona">Chone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Croton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumae" title="Cumae">Cumae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Elea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lucania" title="Heraclea Lucania">Heraclea Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibo_Valentia" title="Vibo Valentia">Hipponion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Hydrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krimisa" title="Krimisa">Krimisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%BCs" title="Laüs">Laüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locri" title="Locri">Locri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medma" title="Medma">Medma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metauros" title="Metauros">Metauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapontum" title="Metapontum">Metapontion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Neápolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandosia_(Lucania)" title="Pandosia (Lucania)">Pandosia (Lucania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Poseidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policastro_Bussentino" title="Policastro Bussentino">Pixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Rhegion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylletium" title="Scylletium">Scylletium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(Magna_Graecia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siris (Magna Graecia)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris" title="Sybaris">Sybaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_on_the_Traeis" title="Sybaris on the Traeis">Sybaris on the Traeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terina_(ancient_city)" title="Terina (ancient city)">Terina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurii" title="Thurii">Thurii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Akragas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrai" title="Akrai">Akrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrillai" title="Akrillai">Akrillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Sicily)" title="Apollonia (Sicily)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caronia" title="Caronia">Calacte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casmenae" title="Casmenae">Casmenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gela" title="Gela">Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helorus" title="Helorus">Helorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enna" title="Enna">Henna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himera" title="Himera">Himera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Gereatis" title="Hybla Gereatis">Hybla Gereatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybla_Heraea" title="Hybla Heraea">Hybla Heraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarina,_Sicily" title="Kamarina, Sicily">Kamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Leontinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megara_Hyblaea" title="Megara Hyblaea">Megara Hyblaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxos_(Sicily)" title="Naxos (Sicily)">Naxos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Tauromenion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciacca" title="Sciacca">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tindari" title="Tindari">Tyndaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salina,_Sicily" title="Salina, Sicily">Didyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarea" title="Panarea">Euonymos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicudi" title="Alicudi">Ereikousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiluzzo" title="Basiluzzo">Hycesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipara/Meligounis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filicudi" title="Filicudi">Phoenicusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Strongyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcano" title="Vulcano">Therassía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayda,_Libya" title="Bayda, Libya">Balagrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca_(ancient_city)" title="Barca (ancient city)">Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Berenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonia,_Cyrenaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia, Cyrenaica">Apollonia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais,_Cyrenaica" title="Ptolemais, Cyrenaica">Ptolemais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villajoyosa" title="Villajoyosa">Alonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%BAries" title="Empúries">Emporion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elche" title="Elche">Helike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nia" title="Dénia">Hemeroscopion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljaraque" title="Aljaraque">Kalathousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mart%C3%AD_d%27Emp%C3%BAries" title="Sant Martí d'Empúries">Kypsela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainake_(Greek_settlement)" title="Mainake (Greek settlement)">Mainake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Puerto_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa" title="El Puerto de Santa María">Menestheus's Limin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pola" title="Santa Pola">Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses,_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses, Girona">Rhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salou" title="Salou">Salauris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagunto" title="Sagunto">Zacynthos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspalathos" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspalathos">Aspalathos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Illyria)" title="Apollonia (Illyria)">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB#Early_history" title="Vlorë">Aulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidamnos" title="Epidamnos">Epidamnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidauros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Issa (polis)">Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina_Korkyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melaina Korkyra">Melaina Korkyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaeum_(Illyria)" title="Nymphaeum (Illyria)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricum" title="Oricum">Orikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_(polis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharos (polis)">Pharos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragurion" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragurion">Tragurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thronion_(Illyria)" title="Thronion (Illyria)">Thronion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a><br />basin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akra_(Crimmerian_Bosporus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akra (Crimmerian Bosporus)">Akra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berezan_Island" title="Berezan Island">Borysthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charax,_Crimea" title="Charax, Crimea">Charax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Dioscurias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapa" title="Anapa">Gorgippia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmutarakan" title="Tmutarakan">Hermonassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalos_Limen" title="Kalos Limen">Kalos Limen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepoi" title="Kepoi">Kepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Kerkinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimmerikon" title="Kimmerikon">Kimmerikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmekion" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrmekion">Myrmekion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikonion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikonion">Nikonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaion_(Crimea)" title="Nymphaion (Crimea)">Nymphaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olbia_(Pontic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olbia (Pontic)">Olbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantikapaion" title="Pantikapaion">Pantikapaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitsunda" title="Pitsunda">Pityus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanais" title="Tanais">Tanais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Theodosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras" title="Tyras">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyritake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyritake">Tyritake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South<br />coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abonoteichos" title="Abonoteichos">Abonoteichos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Amisos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Anchialos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Apollonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazar,_Rize" title="Pazar, Rize">Athina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Bathus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Dionysopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordu" title="Ordu">Cotyora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytorus" title="Cytorus">Cytorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupatoria_(Pontus)" title="Eupatoria (Pontus)">Eupatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Pontica" title="Heraclea Pontica">Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giresun" title="Giresun">Kerasous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Mesambria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Odessos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cnye" title="Ünye">Oinòe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasis_(town)" title="Phasis (town)">Phasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatsa" title="Fatsa">Polemonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rize" title="Rize">Rhizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1y%C4%B1k%C3%B6y" title="Kıyıköy">Salmydessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasra" title="Amasra">Sesamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinop,_Turkey" title="Sinop, Turkey">Sinope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terme" title="Terme">Thèrmae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tium" title="Tium">Tium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trapezous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolis_(Pontus)" title="Tripolis (Pontus)">Tripolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliche" title="Zaliche">Zaliche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_cities" title="List of ancient Greek cities">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ancient_Epirus" title="List of cities in ancient Epirus">in Epirus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greeks" title="List of ancient Greeks">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stoae" title="List of stoae">Stoae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Greek_temples" title="List of Ancient Greek temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek_theatres" title="List of ancient Greek theatres">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greece" title="Category:Ancient Greece">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_ancient_Greece" title="Outline of ancient Greece">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_language" title="Template:Greek language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_language" title="Template talk:Greek language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origin and genealogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Aryan" title="Graeco-Aryan">Graeco-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Armenian" title="Graeco-Armenian">Graeco-Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Greek_substrate" title="Pre-Greek substrate">Pre-Greek substrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graeco-Phrygian" title="Graeco-Phrygian">Graeco-Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_languages" title="Hellenic languages">Hellenic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greek" title="History of Greek">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2900</span>–1600 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span>–1100 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 800</span>–300 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 BC</span>–AD 330)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span>–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a> (since 1453)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects" title="Ancient Greek dialects">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Central <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_Greek" title="Aeolic Greek">Aeolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadocypriot_Greek" title="Arcadocypriot Greek">Arcadocypriot</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>East <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeric_Greek" title="Homeric Greek">Homeric</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>West <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doric</a></li> <li>Northwest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_Doric_Greek" title="Achaean Doric Greek">Achaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epirote_Greek" title="Epirote Greek">Epirote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrian_Greek" title="Locrian Greek">Locrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_language" title="Ancient Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphylian_Greek" title="Pamphylian Greek">Pamphylian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Hellenistic Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Modern_Greek" title="Varieties of Modern Greek">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katharevousa" title="Katharevousa">Katharevousa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Greek" title="Cappadocian Greek">Cappadocian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misthi,_Cappadocia#Misthiotica_dialect" title="Misthi, Cappadocia">Misthiotika</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Greek" title="Cretan Greek">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himariote_dialect" title="Himariote dialect">Himariote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Greek_dialect" title="Istanbul Greek dialect">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italiot_Greek" title="Italiot Greek">Italiot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calabrian_Greek" title="Calabrian Greek">Greco/Calabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griko_language" title="Griko language">Griko/Apulian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots#Maniot_dialect" title="Maniots">Maniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol_Greek" title="Mariupol Greek">Mariupolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek" title="Pontic Greek">Pontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-Greek language">Romano-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakonian_language" title="Tsakonian language">Tsakonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Australian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Australian dialect">Greco-Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phonology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_phonology" title="Ancient Greek phonology">Ancient</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_accent" title="Ancient Greek accent">accent</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_of_Ancient_Greek_in_teaching" title="Pronunciation of Ancient Greek in teaching">teaching</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek_phonology" title="Koine Greek phonology">Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Standard Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_grammar" title="Ancient Greek grammar">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek_grammar" title="Koine Greek grammar">Koine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_grammar" title="Modern Greek grammar">Standard Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot syllabary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Greek_alphabet" title="History of the Greek alphabet">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_orthography" title="Greek orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Greek" title="Cyrillization of Greek">Cyrillization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">Romanization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeklish" title="Greeklish">Greeklish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature" title="Ancient Greek literature">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_literature" title="Byzantine literature">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_literature" title="Modern Greek literature">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promotion and study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Foundation_for_Culture" title="Hellenic Foundation for Culture">Hellenic Foundation for Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_Greek_Language" title="Center for the Greek Language">Center for the Greek Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Language_and_Speech_Processing" title="Institute for Language and Speech Processing">Institute for Language and Speech Processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eteocretan_language" title="Eteocretan language">Eteocretan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocypriot_language" title="Eteocypriot language">Eteocypriot language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_exonyms" title="Greek exonyms">Exonyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_morphemes_used_in_English" title="List of Greek morphemes used in English">Morphemes in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_words_for_love" title="Greek words for love">Terms of endearment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_place_names" title="List of Greek place names">Place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_phrases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek phrases">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_language" title="Minoan language">Minoan language</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Ελληνικής Γλώσσας">Greek Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_language" title="Trojan language">Trojan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Ancient_Greek_dictionaries" title="Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries">Comparison of Ancient Greek dictionaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ages_of_Greek" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_language_periods" title="Template:Greek language periods"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_language_periods" title="Template talk:Greek language periods"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_language_periods" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek language periods"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ages_of_Greek" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ages of <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;padding-top: 0.5em; background: transparent; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3rd millennium BC</span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;padding-top: 0.5em; background: transparent; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1600–1100 BC</span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;padding-top: 0.5em; background: transparent; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 800–300 BC</span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;padding-top: 0.5em; background: transparent; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300 BC – AD 600</span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;padding-top: 0.5em; background: transparent; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 600–1453</span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;padding-top: 0.5em; background: transparent; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold">Since 1453</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;font-size: 110%; text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Proto-Greek_language" title="Proto-Greek language">Proto-Greek</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;font-size: 110%; text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greek" title="Mycenaean Greek">Mycenaean</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;font-size: 110%; text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;font-size: 110%; text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;font-size: 110%; text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;font-size: 110%; text-align: center;width:10em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285494#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4265493-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Doric Greek dialect"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh87005171">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dorien (dialecte)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11980963w">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dorien (dialecte)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11980963w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007544062705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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