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src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-scientists-microbes-earth-deep-soil.html">Scientists discover new microbes in Earth's deep soil</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Scientists have discovered a new phylum of microbes in Earth's Critical Zone, an area of deep soil that restores water quality. Ground water, which becomes drinking water, passes through where these microbes live, and they ... </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Cell & Microbiology </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> 37 minutes ago </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-soil-conditions-significantly-rainfall-world.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/soil-conditions-signif.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-soil-conditions-significantly-rainfall-world.html">Soil conditions significantly increase rainfall in world's megastorm hotspots, study shows</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Storm forecasting is traditionally based on studying atmospheric conditions, but research that also looks at land surface conditions is set to transform early warning systems in tropical regions. This will enable communities ... </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Earth Sciences </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 4, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>25</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-crops-overlooked-reduction-soil-carbon.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/cover-crops-provide-an.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-crops-overlooked-reduction-soil-carbon.html">Cover crops provide an often-overlooked reduction in soil carbon erosion, study finds</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Planting ground cover in fields between cash crop growing seasons is an effective way to prevent farmland from losing soil carbon from erosion, a factor that's underestimated in considering the carbon sequestration potential ... </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Ecology </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 3, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-efficient-soil-analysis-sensor-platform.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/efficient-soil-analysi.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-efficient-soil-analysis-sensor-platform.html">Efficient soil analysis鈥攅nhancing a sensor platform for sustainable agriculture</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Precise information about agricultural soils is key to managing them more efficiently and sustainably. Researchers at the Leibniz institutes FBH and ATB have recently enhanced an existing sensor platform for mobile soil mapping ... </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Biotechnology </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 2, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-coconuts.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2022/coconut-water.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-coconuts.html">How do coconuts get their water?</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Coconut trees are iconic plants found across the world's tropical regions. They're called "nature's supermarket" or the "tree of life" in several cultures because every part of the coconut tree is used. Its leaves can be ... </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Plants & Animals </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 1, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>38</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <div class="sorted-article ads"> <!-- Main-native --> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-layout-key="-fz-32+4x-a4+7t" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0536483524803400" data-ad-slot="9793191136"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-urbanization-reshapes-soil-microbes-bacteria.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/urbanization-reshapes.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-urbanization-reshapes-soil-microbes-bacteria.html">Urbanization reshapes soil microbes: Bacteria adapt, fungi resist</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Urbanization is reshaping soil microbial communities worldwide, driving an unexpected homogenization of bacterial populations while fungal communities remain more resistant to change. </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Ecology </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 1, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-farmers-scientists-collaborate-biodiversity-agriculture.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/farmers-and-scientists.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-farmers-scientists-collaborate-biodiversity-agriculture.html">When farmers and scientists collaborate, biodiversity and agriculture can thrive: Here's how</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> The Burren region of County Clare, Ireland, is famous for its distinctive limestone habitat, coastal landscape, rich wildlife and unusual archaeology. Several hundred farmers also manage livestock on this land. </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Agriculture </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 1, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>1</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-space-bricks-bacteria.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/fixing-cracks-in-space.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-04-space-bricks-bacteria.html">Fixing cracks in space bricks with bacteria</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a bacteria-based technique to repair bricks that can be used to build lunar habitats if they get damaged in the moon's harsh environment. </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Space Exploration </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Apr 1, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>2</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-03-biochar-microbe-synergy-path-climate.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/biochar-and-microbe-sy-1.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-03-biochar-microbe-synergy-path-climate.html">Biochar and microbe synergy: A path to climate-smart farming</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Most people probably don't think about soil as a living thing. But it is filled with millions of tiny organisms that play a critical role in everything soil does鈥攊ncluding sequestering carbon. </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Cell & Microbiology </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Mar 26, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>1</span></p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="sorted-article"> <div class="d-flex"> <figure class="sorted-article-figure"> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2025-03-pollutants-arable-soil.html"> <img data-src="https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/175u/2025/using-cover-plants-to.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs="alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="sorted-article-content d-flex flex-column ie-flex-1"> <h3 class="mb-1 mb-lg-2"><a class="news-link" href="https://phys.org/news/2025-03-pollutants-arable-soil.html">Using cover plants to remove pollutants from arable soil</a></h3> <p class="mb-1 pr-1"> Nitrate, pesticides, metals and plastic agricultural soils often contain pollutants. But are there sustainable and climate-friendly ways to restore and promote soil health in agricultural land? Yes, says a research team from ... </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info mt-lg-3 mt-2"> <div class="article__info-item mr-auto"> <div class="text-low text-uppercase"> <p> Ecology </p> </div> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <span class="mr-3"></span> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_clock" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"> Mar 25, 2025 </p> </div> <div class="article__info-item mr-3"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_comment" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>0</span></p> </div> <div class="article__info-item"> <svg class="article__info-icon"> <use xlink:href="https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/svg/sprite.svg#icon_share" x="0" y="0"></use> </svg> <p class="text-uppercase text-low"><span>1</span></p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 text-center py-5"> <div class="col d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center mb-4"> <div class="pagination-view mr-4"> page <strong>1</strong> from <span>40</span> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item mr-2 disabled"> <a class="btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary text-low-up disabled" tab-index="-1" href=""> « </a> </li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link btn btn-lg btn-outline-secondary text-low-up" href="page2.html">»</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 order-1 order-lg-2 pt-lg-3"> <div id="wikiInfo"> <h2 class="mb-2">Soil</h2> <div> <p><b>Soil</b> is a natural body consisting of layers (soil horizons) of mineral constituents of variable thicknesses, which differ from the parent materials in their morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics. It is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and environmental processes that include weathering and erosion. Soil differs from its parent rock due to interactions between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and the biosphere. It is a mixture of mineral and organic constituents that are in solid, gaseous and aqueous states. Soil particles pack loosely, forming a soil structure filled with pore spaces. These pores contain sol solution (liquid) and air (gas). Accordingly, soils are often treated as a three state system. Most soils have a density between 1 and 2 g/cm³. Soil is also known as <b>earth</b>: it is the substance from which our planet takes its name. Little of the soil composition of planet Earth is older than Tertiary and most no older than Pleistocene. In engineering, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material.</p> </div> <p><small> This text uses material from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/Soil">Wikipedia</a>, licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC BY-SA</a> </small></p> </div> <div class="ads-sticky d-none d-lg-block"> <div class="ads-sticky"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- Phys.org - Listing - 300x600 --> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0536483524803400" data-ad-slot="4911941532"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer d-print-none"> <div class="footer-partners bg-white py-5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 mb-4 mb-md-0"> <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/" class="footer-company"> <figure class="footer-figure"> <img 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