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khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản" class=""><span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Perchlorat" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Đăng nhập</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Công cụ cá nhân" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Công cụ cá nhân</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Bảng chọn thành viên" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_vi.wikipedia.org&uselang=vi"><span>Quyên góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=Perchlorat" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=Perchlorat" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sản_xuất_ở_đâu_và_bằng_cách_nào" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sản_xuất_ở_đâu_và_bằng_cách_nào"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sản xuất ở đâu và bằng cách nào</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sản_xuất_ở_đâu_và_bằng_cách_nào-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perchlorat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 37 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloraat" title="Perchloraat – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Perchloraat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بيركلورات – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيركلورات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پرکولورات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرکولورات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perklorat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perklorat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlorat" title="Perhlorat – Tiếng Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perhlorat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perclorat" title="Perclorat – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perclorat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloristany" title="Chloristany – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chloristany" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perchlorate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Υπερχλωρικό – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερχλωρικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perchlorate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perclorato" title="Perclorato – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perclorato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorato" title="Perklorato – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Perklorato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پرکلرات – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرکلرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perchlorate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EC%97%BC%EC%86%8C%EC%82%B0%EC%97%BC" title="과염소산염 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과염소산염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պերքլորատներ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պերքլորատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perklorat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perclorato" title="Perclorato – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perclorato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פרכלורט – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרכלורט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlor%C4%81ti" title="Perhlorāti – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perhlorāti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Перхлорат – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перхлорат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloraat" title="Perchloraat – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perchloraat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perklorat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadchlorany" title="Nadchlorany – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadchlorany" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perclorato" title="Perclorato – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perclorato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perclorat" title="Perclorat – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perclorat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Перхлораты – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перхлораты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perchlorate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloristan" title="Chloristan – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chloristan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlorat" title="Perhlorat – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Perhlorat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlorat" title="Perhlorat – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perhlorat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkloraatti" title="Perkloraatti – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perkloraatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perklorat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Perklorat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Перхлорати – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перхлорати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" title="高氯酸盐 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高氯酸盐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q407189#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&oldid=70371730" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&action=info" title="Thêm chi tiết về trang này"><span>Thông tin trang</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Perchlorat&id=70371730&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerchlorat"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPerchlorat"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Perchlorat"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Perchlorat&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perchlorate_ion" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q407189" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Đổi hướng từ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peclorat&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Peclorat">Peclorat</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox bordered" style="width:22em;border-collapse:collapse; width:22em; text-align:left; ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;background: #F8EABA">Perchlorat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table class="borderless" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; background-color: none; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: middle;">[[Tập tin:<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Perchlorate-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perchlorate-3D-balls.png/130px-Perchlorate-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perchlorate-3D-balls.png/195px-Perchlorate-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Perchlorate-3D-balls.png/260px-Perchlorate-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span>|130|giữa]] </td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: middle;">[[Tập tin:<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png/130px-Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png/195px-Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png/260px-Perchlorate-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span>|130|giữa]] </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png/170px-Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png/255px-Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png/340px-Perchlorate-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="914" /></a></span><div style="padding:5px">Skeletal model of perchlorate showing various dimensions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Tên hệ thống</th><td>Perchlorate<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background: #F8EABA">Nhận dạng</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C4%83ng_k%C3%BD_CAS" title="Số đăng ký CAS">Số CAS</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=14797-73-0">14797-73-0</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=123351">123351</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redpoll.pharmacy.ualberta.ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=DB03138">DB03138</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MeSH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeSH (trang không tồn tại)">MeSH</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=180053">180053</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (trang không tồn tại)">ChEBI</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:49706">49706</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEMBL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEMBL (trang không tồn tại)">ChEMBL</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1161634">1161634</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ảnh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jmol (trang không tồn tại)">Jmol</a>-3D</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BO-%5D%5BCl%5D%28%3DO%29%28%3DO%29%3DO">ảnh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">SMILES</th><td><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>đầy đủ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><p style="word-wrap: break-word;">[O-][Cl](=O)(=O)=O</p><p style="word-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word;"></p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word;"></p></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C6%A1_s%E1%BB%9F_d%E1%BB%AF_li%E1%BB%87u_Gmelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cơ sở dữ liệu Gmelin (trang không tồn tại)">Tham chiếu Gmelin</a></th><td>2136</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:5px;background: #F8EABA">Thuộc tính</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_th%E1%BB%A9c_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Công thức hóa học">Công thức phân tử</a></th><td><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">ClO<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%91i_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_mol" title="Khối lượng mol">Khối lượng mol</a></th><td>99.451 g mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt độ nóng chảy">Điểm nóng chảy</a></th><td>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%83m_s%C3%B4i" class="mw-redirect" title="Điểm sôi">Điểm sôi</a></th><td>  </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;"><div style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Trừ khi có ghi chú khác, dữ liệu được cung cấp cho các vật liệu trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trạng thái tiêu chuẩn (trang không tồn tại)">trạng thái tiêu chuẩn</a> của chúng (ở 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div></div> <div style="border-top:2px solid transparent; text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Không" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:So_s%C3%A1nh_trang&rev1=464198728&page2=Perchlorat">kiểm chứng</a></span> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">cái gì</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Không" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?)</div> <div style="border-top:2px solid transparent; text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Tham khảo hộp thông tin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Muối <b>perchlorat</b> là tên của các <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Hợp chất">hợp chất hóa học</a> chứa <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> perchlorat ClO<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">−</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span>. Đa số muối perchlorat được sản xuất thương mại. Muối perchlorat đang sử dụng chủ yếu làm <a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B3ng" title="Thuốc phóng">thuốc phóng</a>, nhằm khai thác đặc điểm <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_oxy_h%C3%B3a" title="Chất oxy hóa">oxy hóa</a> mạnh của nó.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sự ô nhiễm perchlorat trong môi trường đã được nghiên cứu rộng rãi vì nó có tác dụng đến sức khỏe con người. Nghiên cứu cho thấy perchlorat có liên quan đến ảnh hưởng tiêu cực trên <a href="/wiki/Tuy%E1%BA%BFn_gi%C3%A1p_tr%E1%BA%A1ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuyến giáp trạng">tuyến giáp</a>. </p><p>Hầu hết các muối perchlorat là các chất rắn không màu, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_h%C3%B2a_tan" title="Độ hòa tan">hòa tan</a> trong nước. Bốn perchlorat là sản phẩm thương mại chính: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amoni_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amoni perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">amoni perchlorat</a> (NH<sub>4</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Axit_perchloric" class="mw-redirect" title="Axit perchloric">axit perchloric</a> (HClO<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Kali_perchlorat" title="Kali perchlorat">kali perchlorat</a> (KClO<sub>4</sub>), và <a href="/wiki/Natri_perchlorat" title="Natri perchlorat">natri perchlorat</a> (NaClO<sub>4</sub>). Perchlorat là anion được tạo thành từ sự phân ly của axit perchloric và muối của nó khi chúng hòa tan trong nước. Nhiều muối perchlorat tan trong <a href="/wiki/Dung_m%C3%B4i" title="Dung môi">dung môi</a> không phải nước. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sản_xuất_ở_đâu_và_bằng_cách_nào"><span id="S.E1.BA.A3n_xu.E1.BA.A5t_.E1.BB.9F_.C4.91.C3.A2u_v.C3.A0_b.E1.BA.B1ng_c.C3.A1ch_n.C3.A0o"></span>Sản xuất ở đâu và bằng cách nào</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Sản xuất ở đâu và bằng cách nào”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Sản xuất ở đâu và bằng cách nào"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muối perchlorat được sản xuất trong công nghiệp bằng cách <a href="/wiki/Oxy_h%C3%B3a_kh%E1%BB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxy hóa khử">oxy hóa</a> dung dịch <a href="/wiki/Natri_clorat" class="mw-redirect" title="Natri clorat">natri clorat</a> bằng cách điện phân. Phương pháp này được sử dụng để điều chế natri perchlorat. Ứng dụng chính của muối này là để làm nhiên liệu tên lửa.<sup id="cite_ref-ull_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ull-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phản ứng của axit perchloric với các base, như amoni hydroxide cho muối amoni perchlorat. Amoni perchlorat do có giá trị cao có thể được sản xuất bằng <a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_h%C3%B3a" title="Điện hóa">điện hóa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thật ngạc nhiên, muối perchlorat có thể được tạo ra do sét đánh với sự có mặt của muối chloride. Muối perchlorat đã được phát hiện trong các mẫu mưa và tuyết ở <a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a> và <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchlorat&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=123351&loc=ec_rcs">“Perchlorate - PubChem Public Chemical Database”</a>. <i>The PubChem Project</i>. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+PubChem+Project&rft.atitle=Perchlorate+-+PubChem+Public+Chemical+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsummary%2Fsummary.cgi%3Fcid%3D123351%26loc%3Dec_rcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APerchlorat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp162.pdf">Draft Toxicological Profile for Perchlorates</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a>, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, September, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ull-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ull_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids" in <i>Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i> 2002, Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a06_483">10.1002/14356007.a06_483</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFDotson_R.L.1993" class="citation journal cs1">Dotson R.L. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-electrochemistry_1993-09_23_9/page/897">“A novel electrochemical process for the production of ammonium perchlorate”</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Electrochemistry</i>. <b>23</b>: 897–904. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00251024">10.1007/BF00251024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Electrochemistry&rft.atitle=A+novel+electrochemical+process+for+the+production+of+ammonium+perchlorate&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=897-904&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00251024&rft.au=Dotson+R.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-applied-electrochemistry_1993-09_23_9%2Fpage%2F897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3APerchlorat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kathleen Sellers, Katherine Weeks, William R. Alsop, Stephen R. Clough, Marilyn Hoyt, Barbara Pugh, Joseph Robb. <i>Perchlorate: Environmental Problems and Solutions</i>, 2007, p 9. Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:#f8f8f8; font-size:90%; border:1px solid #a9a9a9; width:100%; max-width:1800px; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; box-sizing: border-box ;"> <div style="background:#d8d8d8; padding:2px 1em;font-weight:bold;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="float:left; text-align:left"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Perchlorat" title="Bản mẫu:Perchlorat"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Perchlorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Perchlorat (trang không tồn tại)"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Perchlorat&action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%A3p_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Hợp chất">Hợp chất</a> chứa <a href="/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ch%E1%BB%A9c" title="Nhóm chức">nhóm</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Perchlorat</a></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <table style="border-spacing:1px;display:block;overflow:auto;width:100%;margin:0 !important"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_perchloric" title="Acid perchloric">HClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithi_perchlorat" title="Lithi perchlorat">LiClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryllium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beryllium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Be(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloratoborate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perchloratoborate (trang không tồn tại)">B(ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">−<br />4</span></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">B(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ROClO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrogen_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrogen perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">N(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amoni_perchlorat" title="Amoni perchlorat">NH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrosyl_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrosyl perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">NOClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydronium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydronium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>OClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorine_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorine perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">FClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">NaClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesi_perchlorat" title="Magnesi perchlorat">Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Al(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraperchloratoaluminate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraperchloratoaluminate (trang không tồn tại)">Al(ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">−<br />4</span></a></span><br /><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaperchloratoaluminate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaperchloratoaluminate (trang không tồn tại)">Al(ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">2−<br />5</span></a></span><br /><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexaperchloratoaluminate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexaperchloratoaluminate (trang không tồn tại)">Al(ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">3−<br />6</span></a></span> </td> <td>Si </td> <td>P </td> <td>S </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ClO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">−<br />4</span></a></span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorine_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorine perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">ClOClO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dichlor_heptoxide" title="Dichlor heptoxide">Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />7</span></a></span> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kali_perchlorat" title="Kali perchlorat">KClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calci_perchlorat" title="Calci perchlorat">Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scandium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Sc(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titani(IV)_perchlorat" title="Titani(IV) perchlorat">Ti(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadyl_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadyl perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">VO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br />VO<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromi(III)_perchlorat" title="Chromi(III) perchlorat">Cr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manganese(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manganese(II) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Mn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BA%AFt(II)_perchlorat" title="Sắt(II) perchlorat">Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt(II) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Co(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a>,<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Co(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_perchlorat" title="Nickel(II) perchlorat">Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng(II)_perchlorat" title="Đồng(II) perchlorat">Cu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinc_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinc perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Zn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Ga(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>As </td> <td>Se </td> <td>Br </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidi_perchlorat" title="Rubidi perchlorat">RbClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strontium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Sr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yttrium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yttrium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Y(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirconium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirconium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Zr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niobium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niobium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Nb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td>Mo </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Rh(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladium(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladium(II) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Pd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c_perchlorat" title="Bạc perchlorat">AgClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadmium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadmium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Cd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">In(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tin perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Sn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Sb </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telluryl_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telluryl perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">TeO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>I </td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caesium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caesium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">CsClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Ba(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>  </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Lu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafnium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hafnium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Hf(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Ta(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum_oxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum oxide perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">TaO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum_dioxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum dioxide perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">TaO<sub>2</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>W </td> <td>Re </td> <td>Os </td> <td>Ir </td> <td>Pt </td> <td>Au </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury(I)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercury(I) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Hg<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a>,<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercury(II) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Hg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium(I)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium(I) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Tl(ClO<sub>4</sub>)</a>,<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Tl(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lead(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead(II) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Pb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bismuth(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Bi(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Po </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">FrClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Ra </td> <td>  </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">↓ </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="15"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td>La </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Ce(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub><i>x</i></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymi(III)_perchlorat" title="Praseodymi(III) perchlorat">Pr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymi(III)_perchlorat" title="Neodymi(III) perchlorat">Nd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Pm </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Sm(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Eu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Gd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Tb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Dy(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Ho(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Er(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulium(III) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Tm(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ytterbium perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Yb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td>Ac </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorium(IV)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorium(IV) perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">Th(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Pa </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranyl_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranyl perchlorate (trang không tồn tại)">UO<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Np </td> <td>Pu </td> <td>Am </td> <td>Cm </td> <td>Bk </td> <td>Cf </td> 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