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Silurian</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Silurian"> <meta name="keywords" content="Silurian"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Silurian"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Silurian</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Physico-Chemical Properties of Silurian Hot Shale in Ahnet Basin, Algeria: Case Study Well ASS-1</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mehdi%20Kadri">Mohamed Mehdi Kadri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prediction of hot shale interval in Silurian formation in a well drilled vertically in Ahnet basin Is by logging Data (Resistivity, Gamma Ray, Sonic) with the calculation of total organic carbon (TOC) using ∆ log R Method. The aim of this paper is to present Physico-chemical Properties of Hot Shale using IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis; this mixture of measurements, evaluation and characterization show that the hot shale interval located in the lower of Silurian, the molecules adsorbed at the surface of shale sheet are significantly different from petroleum hydrocarbons this result are also supported with gas-liquid chromatography showed that the study extract is a hydroxypropyl. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physic-chemical%20analysis" title="physic-chemical analysis">physic-chemical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoirs%20characterization" title=" reservoirs characterization"> reservoirs characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sweet%20window%20evaluation" title=" sweet window evaluation"> sweet window evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silurian%20shale" title=" Silurian shale"> Silurian shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahnet%20basin" title=" Ahnet basin"> Ahnet basin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151737/physico-chemical-properties-of-silurian-hot-shale-in-ahnet-basin-algeria-case-study-well-ass-1" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> An Assesment of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Potential of the Silurian Dadaş Shales in Diyarbakır Basin, Türkiye</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ceren%20Sevimli">Ceren Sevimli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedat%20%C4%B0nan"> Sedat İnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silurian Dadaş Formation within the Diyarbakir Basin in SE Türkiye, like other Silurian shales in North Africa and Middle East, represents a significant prospect for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon exploration. The Diyarbakır Basin remains relatively underexplored, presenting untapped potential that warrants further investigation. This study focuses on the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation histories of the Silurian Dadaş shales, utilizing basin modeling approach. The Dadaş shales are organic-rich and contain mainly Type II kerogen, especially the basal layer contains up to 10 wt. %TOC and thus it is named as “hot shale”. The research integrates geological, geochemical, and basin modeling data to elucidate the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of this formation, which is crucial given the global demand for energy and the need for new resources. The data obtained from previous studies were used to calibrate basin model that has been established by using PetroMod software (Schlumberger). The calibrated model results suggest that Dadaş shales are in oil generation window and that the major episode for thermal maturation and hydrocarbon generation took place prior rot Alpine orogeny (uplift and erosion) The modeling results elucidate the burial history, maturity history, and hydrocarbon production history of the Silurian-aged Dadaş shales, as well as its hydrocarbon content in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dada%C5%9F%20formation" title="dadaş formation">dadaş formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diyarbak%C4%B1r%20basin" title=" diyarbakır basin"> diyarbakır basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silurian%20hot%20shale" title=" silurian hot shale"> silurian hot shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20hydrocarbon" title=" unconventional hydrocarbon"> unconventional hydrocarbon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189223/an-assesment-of-unconventional-hydrocarbon-potential-of-the-silurian-dadas-shales-in-diyarbakir-basin-turkiye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Thermal Maturity and Hydrocarbon Generation Histories of the Silurian Tannezuft Shale Formation, Ghadames Basin, Northwestern Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emir%20Borovac">Emir Borovac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedat%20I%CC%87nan"> Sedat İnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silurian Tannezuft Formation within the Ghadames Basin of Northwestern Libya, like other Silurian shales in North Africa and the Middle East, represents a significant prospect for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration. Unlike the more popular and extensively studied Sirt Basin, the Ghadames Basin remains underexplored, presenting untapped potential that warrants further investigation. This study focuses on the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation histories of the Tannezuft shales, utilizing calibrated basin modeling approaches. The Tannezuft shales are organic-rich and primarily contain Type II kerogen, especially in the basal layer, which contains up to 10 wt. % TOC, leading to its designation as ‘hot shale’. The research integrates geological, geochemical, and basin modeling data to elucidate the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of this formation, which is crucial given the global demand for energy and the need for new resources. By employing PetroMod software from Schlumberger, calibrated modeling results simulate hydrocarbon generation and migration within the Tannezuft shales. The findings suggest dual-phase hydrocarbon generation from the Lower Silurian Tannezuft source rock, related to deep burial prior to Hercynian orogeny and subsequent Alpine orogeny events. The Ghadames Basin's tectonic history, including major Hercynian and Alpine orogenies, has significantly influenced the generation, migration, and preservation of hydrocarbons, making the Ghadames Basin a promising area for further exploration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tanezzuft%20formation" title="tanezzuft formation">tanezzuft formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghadames%20basin" title=" ghadames basin"> ghadames basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silurian%20hot%20shale" title=" silurian hot shale"> silurian hot shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20hydrocarbon" title=" unconventional hydrocarbon"> unconventional hydrocarbon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189237/thermal-maturity-and-hydrocarbon-generation-histories-of-the-silurian-tannezuft-shale-formation-ghadames-basin-northwestern-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Factors Controlling Marine Shale Porosity: A Case Study between Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian of Upper Yangtze Area, South China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Li">Xin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenxue%20Jiang"> Zhenxue Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuo%20Li"> Zhuo Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, shale gas is trapped within shale systems with low porosity and ultralow permeability as free and adsorbing states. Its production is controlled by properties, in terms of occurrence phases, gas contents, and percolation characteristics. These properties are all influenced by porous features. In this paper, porosity differences of marine shales were explored between Lower Cambrian shale and Lower Silurian shale of Sichuan Basin, South China. Both the two shales were marine shales with abundant oil-prone kerogen and rich siliceous minerals. Whereas Lower Cambrian shale (3.56% Ro) possessed a higher thermal degree than that of Lower Silurian shale (2.31% Ro). Samples were measured by a combination of organic-chemistry geology measurement, organic matter (OM) isolation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption, and focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Lower Cambrian shale presented relatively low pore properties, with averaging 0.008ml/g pore volume (PV), averaging 7.99m²/g pore surface area (PSA) and averaging 5.94nm average pore diameter (APD). Lower Silurian shale showed as relatively high pore properties, with averaging 0.015ml/g PV, averaging 10.53m²/g PSA and averaging 18.60nm APD. Additionally, fractal analysis indicated that the two shales presented discrepant pore morphologies, mainly caused by differences in the combination of pore types between the two shales. More specifically, OM-hosted pores with pin-hole shape and dissolved pores with dead-end openings were the main types in Lower Cambrian shale, while OM-hosted pore with a cellular structure was the main type in Lower Silurian shale. Moreover, porous characteristics of isolated OM suggested that OM of Lower Silurian shale was more capable than that of Lower Cambrian shale in the aspect of pore contribution. PV of isolated OM in Lower Silurian shale was almost 6.6 times higher than that in Lower Cambrian shale, and PSA of isolated OM in Lower Silurian shale was almost 4.3 times higher than that in Lower Cambrian shale. However, no apparent differences existed among samples with various matrix compositions. At late diagenetic or metamorphic epoch, extensive diagenesis overprints the effects of minerals on pore properties and OM plays the dominant role in pore developments. Hence, differences of porous features between the two marine shales highlight the effect of diagenetic degree on OM-hosted pore development. Consequently, distinctive pore characteristics may be caused by the different degrees of diagenetic evolution, even with similar matrix basics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20shale" title="marine shale">marine shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20Cambrian" title=" lower Cambrian"> lower Cambrian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20Silurian" title=" lower Silurian"> lower Silurian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=om%20isolation" title=" om isolation"> om isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore%20properties" title=" pore properties"> pore properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=om-hosted%20pore" title=" om-hosted pore"> om-hosted pore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112139/factors-controlling-marine-shale-porosity-a-case-study-between-lower-cambrian-and-lower-silurian-of-upper-yangtze-area-south-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Microfacies and Sedimentary Environment of Potentially Hydrocarbon-Bearing Ordovician and Silurian Deposits of Selected Boreholes in the Baltic Syneclise (NE Poland)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Sobczak">Katarzyna Sobczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few years extensive research on the Lower Palaeozic of the Baltic region has been carried out, associated with growing interest in the unconventional hydrocarbon resources of the area. The present study contributes to this investigation by providing relevant microfacies analysis of Ordovician and Silurian carbonate and clastic deposits of the Polish part of the Baltic Syneclise, using data from the Kętrzyn IG-1, Henrykowo 1 and Babiak 1 boreholes. The analytical data, encompassing sedimentological, palaeontological, and petrographic indicators enables the interpretation of the sedimentary environments and their control factors. The main microfacies types distinguished within the studied interval are: bioclastic wackestone, bioclastic packstone, carbonate-rich mudstone, marlstone, nodular limestone and bituminous claystone. The Ordovician is represented by redeposited carbonate rocks formed in a relatively high-energy environment (middle shelf setting). The Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian rocks of the studied basin represent sedimentary succession formed during a distinctive marine transgression. Considering the sedimentological and petrological data from the Silurian, a low-energy sedimentary environment (offshore setting) with intermittent high-energy events (tempestites) can be inferred for the sedimentary basin of NE Poland. Slow sedimentation of carbonate ooze and fine-grained siliciclastic rocks, formed under oxygen-deficient conditions of the seabed, favoured organic matter preservation. The presence of the storm beds suggests an episodic nature of seabed oxygenation. A significant part of the analysed depositional successions shows characteristics indicative of deposition from gravity flows, but lacks evidence of its turbidity origins. There is, however, evidence for storms acting as a mechanism of flow activation. The discussed Ordovician-Silurian transition of depositional environments in the Baltic area fits well to the global environmental changes encompassing the Upper Ordovician and the Lower Silurian. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baltic%20Syneclise" title="Baltic Syneclise">Baltic Syneclise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfacies%20analysis" title=" microfacies analysis"> microfacies analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ordovician" title=" Ordovician"> Ordovician</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silurian" title=" Silurian"> Silurian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20hydrocarbons" title=" unconventional hydrocarbons"> unconventional hydrocarbons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23705/microfacies-and-sedimentary-environment-of-potentially-hydrocarbon-bearing-ordovician-and-silurian-deposits-of-selected-boreholes-in-the-baltic-syneclise-ne-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Applications of Multivariate Statistical Methods on Geochemical Data to Evaluate the Hydrocarbons Source Rocks and Oils from Ghadames Basin, NW Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hrouda">Mohamed Hrouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on a dataset comprising 41 biomarker concentrations from twenty-three core source rocks samples and seven oil samples from different location, with the objective of establishing the major sources of variance within the steranes, tricyclic terpanes, hopanes, and triaromatic steroid. This type of analysis can be used as an aid when deciding which molecular biomarker maturity, source facies or depositional environment parameters should be plotted, because the principal component loadings plots tend to extract the biomarker variables related to maturity, source facies or depositional environment controls. Facies characterization of the source rock samples separate the Silurian and Devonian source rock samples into three groups. Maturity evaluation of source rock samples based on biomarker and aromatic hydrocarbon distributions indicates that not all the samples are strongly affected by maturity, the Upper Devonian samples from wells located in the northern part of the basin are immature, whereas the other samples which have been selected from the Lower Silurian are mature and have reached the main stage of the oil window, the Lower Silurian source rock strata revealed a trend of increasing maturity towards the south and southwestern part of Ghadames Basin. Most of the facies-based parameters employed in this project using biomarker distributions clearly separate the oil samples into three groups. Group I contain oil samples from wells within Al-Wafa oil field Located in the south western part of the basin, Group II contains oil samples collected from Al-Hamada oil field complex in the south and the third group contains oil samples collected from oil fields located in the north <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadamis%20basin" title="Ghadamis basin">Ghadamis basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemistry" title=" geochemistry"> geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silurian" title=" silurian"> silurian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=devonian" title=" devonian"> devonian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173750/applications-of-multivariate-statistical-methods-on-geochemical-data-to-evaluate-the-hydrocarbons-source-rocks-and-oils-from-ghadames-basin-nw-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Determination of Hydrocarbon Path Migration from Gravity Data Analysis (Ghadames Basin, Southern Tunisia, North Africa)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Dhaoui">Mohamed Dhaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Gabtni"> Hakim Gabtni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The migration of hydrocarbons is a fairly complicated process that depends on several parameters, both structural and sedimentological. In this study, we will try to determine secondary migration paths which convey hydrocarbon from their main source rock to the largest reservoir of the Paleozoic petroleum system of the Tunisian part of Ghadames basin. In fact, The Silurian source rock is the main source rock of the Paleozoic petroleum system of the Ghadames basin. However, the most solicited reservoir in this area is the Triassic reservoir TAGI (Trias Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur). Several geochemical studies have confirmed that oil products TAGI come mainly from the Tannezuft Silurian source rock. That being said that secondary migration occurs through the fault system which affects the post-Silurian series. Our study is based on analysis and interpretation of gravity data. The gravity modeling was conducted in the northern part of Ghadames basin and the Telemzane uplift. We noted that there is a close relationship between the location of producing oil fields and gravity gradients which separate the positive and negative gravity anomalies. In fact, the analysis and transformation of the Bouguer anomaly map, and the residual gravity map allowed as understanding the architecture of the Precambrian in the study area, thereafter gravimetric models were established allowed to determine the probable migration path. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basement" title="basement">basement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadames" title=" Ghadames"> Ghadames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity" title=" gravity"> gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon" title=" hydrocarbon"> hydrocarbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20path" title=" migration path"> migration path</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47135/determination-of-hydrocarbon-path-migration-from-gravity-data-analysis-ghadames-basin-southern-tunisia-north-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Marzuq Basin Palaeozoic Petroleum System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Dieb">M. Dieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Hodairi">T. Hodairi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Southwest Libya area, the Palaeozoic deposits are an important petroleum system, with Silurian shale considered a hydrocarbon source rock and Cambro-Ordovician recognized as a good reservoir. The Palaeozoic petroleum system has the greatest potential for conventional and is thought to represent the significant prospect of unconventional petroleum resources in Southwest Libya. Until now, the lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the source rock was not well evaluated, and oil-source correlation is still a matter of debate. One source rock, which is considered the main source potential in Marzuq Basin, was investigated for its uranium contents using gamma-ray logs, rock-eval pyrolysis, and organic petrography for their bulk kinetic characteristics to determine the petroleum potential qualitatively and quantitatively. Thirty source rock samples and fifteen oil samples from the Tannezzuft source rock were analyzed by Rock-Eval Pyrolysis, microscopely investigation, GC, and GC-MS to detect acyclic isoprenoids and aliphatic, aromatic, and NSO biomarkers. Geochemistry tools were applied to screen source and age-significant biomarkers to high-spot genetic relationships. A grating heterogeneity exists among source rock zones from different levels of depth with varying uranium contents according to gamma-ray logs, rock-eval pyrolysis results, and kinetic features. The uranium-rich Tannezzuft Formations (Hot Shales) produce oils and oil-to-gas hydrocarbons based on their richness, kerogen type, and thermal maturity. Biomarker results such as C₂₇, C₂₈, and C₂₉ steranes concentrations and C₂₄ tetracyclic terpane/C₂₉ tricyclic terpane ratios, with sterane and hopane ratios, are considered the most promising biomarker information in differentiating within the Silurian Shale Tannezzuft Formation and in correlating with its expelled oils. The Tannezzuft Hot Shale is considered the main source rock for oil and gas accumulations in the Cambro-Ordovician reservoirs within the Marzuq Basin. Migration of the generated and expelled oil and gas from the Tannezzuft source rock to the reservoirs of the Cambro-Ordovician petroleum system was interpreted to have occurred along vertical and lateral pathways along the faults in the Palaeozoic Strata. The Upper Tannezzuft Formation (cold shale) is considered the primary seal in the Marzuq Basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title="heterogeneity">heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20shale" title=" hot shale"> hot shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kerogen" title=" kerogen"> kerogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silurian" title=" Silurian"> Silurian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uranium" title=" uranium"> uranium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182006/marzuq-basin-palaeozoic-petroleum-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> 3d Property Modelling of the Lower Acacus Reservoir, Ghadames Basin, Libya </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aimen%20Saleh">Aimen Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silurian Lower Acacus sandstone is one of the main reservoirs in North West Libya. Our aim in this study is to grasp a robust understanding of the hydrocarbon potential and distribution in the area. To date, the depositional environment of the Lower Acacus reservoir still open to discussion and contradiction. Henceforth, building three dimensional (3D) property modelling is one way to support the analysis and description of the reservoir, its properties and characterizations, so this will be of great value in this project. The 3D model integrates different data set, these incorporates well logs data, petrophysical reservoir properties and seismic data as well. The finalized depositional environment model of the Lower Acacus concludes that the area is located in a deltaic transitional depositional setting, which ranges from a wave dominated delta into tide dominated delta type. This interpretation carried out through a series of steps of model generation, core description and Formation Microresistivity Image tool (FMI) interpretation. After the analysis of the core data, the Lower Acacus layers shows a strong effect of tidal energy. Whereas these traces found imprinted in different types of sedimentary structures, for examples; presence of some crossbedding, such as herringbones structures, wavy and flaser cross beddings. In spite of recognition of some minor marine transgression events in the area, on the contrary, the coarsening upward cycles of sand and shale layers in the Lower Acacus demonstrate presence of a major regressive phase of the sea level. However, consequently, we produced a final package of this model in a complemented set of facies distribution, porosity and oil presence. And also it shows the record of the petroleum system, and the procedure of Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Finally, this model suggests that the area can be outlined into three main segments of hydrocarbon potential, which can be a textbook guide for future exploration and production strategies in the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acacus" title="Acacus">Acacus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadames" title=" Ghadames "> Ghadames </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libya" title=" Libya"> Libya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silurian" title=" Silurian"> Silurian</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126166/3d-property-modelling-of-the-lower-acacus-reservoir-ghadames-basin-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Multiscale Analysis of Shale Heterogeneity in Silurian Longmaxi Formation from South China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianglu%20Tang">Xianglu Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenxue%20Jiang"> Zhenxue Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuo%20Li"> Zhuo Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterization of shale multi scale heterogeneity is an important part to evaluate size and space distribution of shale gas reservoirs in sedimentary basins. The origin of shale heterogeneity has always been a hot research topic for it determines shale micro characteristics description and macro quality reservoir prediction. Shale multi scale heterogeneity was discussed based on thin section observation, FIB-SEM, QEMSCAN, TOC, XRD, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and nitrogen adsorption analysis from 30 core samples in Silurian Longmaxi formation. Results show that shale heterogeneity can be characterized by pore structure and mineral composition. The heterogeneity of shale pore is showed by different size pores at nm-μm scale. Macropores (pore diameter > 50 nm) have a large percentage of pore volume than mesopores (pore diameter between 2~ 50 nm) and micropores (pore diameter < 2nm). However, they have a low specific surface area than mesopores and micropores. Fractal dimensions of the pores from nitrogen adsorption data are higher than 2.7, what are higher than 2.8 from MIP data, showing extremely complex pore structure. This complexity in pore structure is mainly due to the organic matter and clay minerals with complex pore network structures, and diagenesis makes it more complicated. The heterogeneity of shale minerals is showed by mineral grains, lamina, and different lithology at nm-km scale under the continuous changing horizon. Through analyzing the change of mineral composition at each scale, random arrangement of mineral equal proportion, seasonal climate changes, large changes of sedimentary environment, and provenance supply are considered to be the main reasons that cause shale minerals heterogeneity from microcosmic to macroscopic. Due to scale effect, the change of shale multi scale heterogeneity is a discontinuous process, and there is a transformation boundary between homogeneous and in homogeneous. Therefore, a shale multi scale heterogeneity changing model is established by defining four types of homogeneous unit at different scales, which can be used to guide the prediction of shale gas distribution from micro scale to macro scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title="heterogeneity">heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneous%20unit" title=" homogeneous unit"> homogeneous unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiscale" title=" multiscale"> multiscale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale" title=" shale"> shale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24081/multiscale-analysis-of-shale-heterogeneity-in-silurian-longmaxi-formation-from-south-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Geology and Geochemistry of the Paleozoic Basement, Western Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadj%20Mohamed%20Nacera">Hadj Mohamed Nacera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boutaleb%20Abdelhak"> Boutaleb Abdelhak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Hercynian granite in Western Algeria, has a typical high-K calc-alkaline evolution, with peraluminous trend U-Pb zircon geochronology yielded the minimum emplacement age of 297 ± 1 Ma. It shows dark microgranular enclaves, veins of pegmatite, aplite, tourmaline and quartz. The granite plutons selected for this study are formed during the late Variscian phase and intrudes the Lower Silurian metasediments which were affected by the major Hercynian folding phases. An important Quartz vein field cross-cutting metasedimentary and granitic rocks. Invisible gold occurs in a very small arsenopyrite minerals. The purpose of this study is to highlight the relationship between the gold mineralisation and the intrusion by combining petrographic and geochemic studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basement" title=" basement"> basement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geochemestry" title=" geochemestry"> geochemestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granite" title=" granite"> granite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45246/geology-and-geochemistry-of-the-paleozoic-basement-western-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Use of X-Ray Computed Microtomography in Petroleum Geology: A Case Study of Unconventional Reservoir Rocks in Poland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Wejrzanowski">Tomasz Wejrzanowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%81ukasz%20Kaczmarek"> Łukasz Kaczmarek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micha%C5%82%20Maksimczuk"> Michał Maksimczuk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-resolution X-ray computed microtomography (µCT) is a non-destructive technique commonly used to determine the internal structure of reservoir rock sample. This study concerns µCT analysis of Silurian and Ordovician shales and mudstones from a borehole in the Baltic Basin, north of Poland. The spatial resolution of the µCT images obtained was 27 µm, which enabled the authors to create accurate 3-D visualizations and to calculate the ratio of pores and fractures volume to the total sample volume. A total of 1024 µCT slices were used to create a 3-D volume of sample structure geometry. These µCT slices were processed to obtain a clearly visible image and the volume ratio. A copper X-ray source filter was used to reduce image artifacts. Due to accurate technical settings of µCT it was possible to obtain high-resolution 3-D µCT images of low X-ray transparency samples. The presented results confirm the utility of µCT implementations in geoscience and show that µCT has still promising applications for reservoir exploration and characterization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractures" title="fractures">fractures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20density" title=" material density"> material density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pores" title=" pores"> pores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65758/the-use-of-x-ray-computed-microtomography-in-petroleum-geology-a-case-study-of-unconventional-reservoir-rocks-in-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Occurrence and Geological Setting of the Black Shales Outcrops in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20M.%20Baioumy">Hassan M. Baioumy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuniarti%20Ulfa"> Yuniarti Ulfa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic black shales that can be a potential source of energy and precious metals are widely distributed in Malaysia Peninsula, Sarawak and Sabah. Two Paleozoic black shales outcrops were reported in the Langkawi Island belonging to the Cambrian fluvial Machinchang Formation and the Silurian glaciomarine Singa Formation. More the seventeen occurrences of Paleozoic black shales outcrops have been found in the Peninsular Malaysia that range in age from Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian in the Terengganu, Perlis, Pahang, and Perak States. Mesozoic black shales outcrops occur in several places in both the Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. In the Peninsular Malaysia, Triassic black shales occur in the Nami area, Northern Kedah and in the Pahang area. In Sarawak, Triassic black shales have been reported in the Bau area. Cenozoic black shales outcrops were reported in both Sarawak at Miri area and Sabah at the Ranau and Tenom areas. Preliminary mineralogical and geochemical investigations on some of these black shales outcrops showed distinct compositional variations among these black shales outcrops probably due to variations in their source area composition and/or depositional and diagenetic settings of these shales. Some of these shalese also subjected to post-depositional hydrothermal mineralization that enriched these shales with Au-bearing minerals such as pyrite, calchopyrite, and arsenopyrite. Many of the studied black shales outcrops look rich in organic matter, which increase the possibility of using these black shales as an unconventional energy resource. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20shales" title="black shales">black shales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12781/occurrence-and-geological-setting-of-the-black-shales-outcrops-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Black Shales Outcrops in Malaysia: Occurrence and Geological Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Baioumy">Hassan Baioumy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuniarti%20Ulfa"> Yuniarti Ulfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nawawi"> Mohd Nawawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Noor%20Akmal%20Anuar"> Mohammad Noor Akmal Anuar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic black shales that can be a potential source of energy and precious metals are widely distributed in Malaysia Peninsula, Sarawak and Sabah. Two Paleozoic black shales outcrops were reported in the Langkawi Island belonging to the Cambrian fluvial Machinchang Formation and the Silurian glaciomarine Singa Formation. More the seventeen occurrences of Paleozoic black shales outcrops have been found in the Peninsular Malaysia that range in age from Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian in the Terengganu, Perlis, Pahang, and Perak States. Mesozoic black shales outcrops occur in several places in both the Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. In the Peninsular Malaysia, Triassic black shales occur in the Nami area, Northern Kedah and in the Pahang area. In Sarawak, Triassic black shales have been reported in the Bau area. Cenozoic black shales outcrops were reported in both Sarawak at Miri area and Sabah at the Ranau and Tenom areas. Preliminary mineralogical and geochemical investigations on some of these black shales outcrops showed distinct compositional variations among these black shales outcrops probably due to variations in their source area composition and/or depositional and diagenetic settings of these shales. Some of these shalese also subjected to post-depositional hydrothermal mineralization that enriched these shales with Au-bearing minerals such as pyrite, calchopyrite, and arsenopyrite. Many of the studied black shales outcrops look rich in organic matter, which increase the possibility of using these black shales as an unconventional energy resource. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20shales" title="black shales">black shales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title=" mineralization"> mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22726/black-shales-outcrops-in-malaysia-occurrence-and-geological-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22726.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> High-Pressure CO₂ Adsorption Capacity of Selected Unusual Porous Materials and Rocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniela%20Rimnacova">Daniela Rimnacova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryna%20Vorokhta"> Maryna Vorokhta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Svabova"> Martina Svabova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CO₂ adsorption capacity of several materials - waste (power fly ash, slag, carbonized sewage sludge), rocks (Czech Silurian shale, black coal), and carbon (synthesized carbon, activated carbon as a reference material) - were measured on dry samples using a unique hand-made manometric sorption apparatus at a temperature of 45 °C and pressures of up to 7 MPa. The main aim was finding utilization of the waste materials and rocks for removal of the air or water pollutants caused by anthropogenic activities, as well as for the carbon dioxide storage. The equilibrium amount of the adsorbate depends on temperature, gas saturation pressure, porosity, surface area and volume of pores, and last but not least, on the composition of the adsorbents. Given experimental conditions can simulate in-situ situations in the rock bed and can be achieved just by a high-pressure apparatus. The CO₂ excess adsorption capacities ranged from 0.018 mmol/g (ash) to 13.55 mmol/g (synthesized carbon). The synthetized carbon had the highest adsorption capacity among all studied materials as well as the highest price. This material is usually used for the adsorption of specific pollutants. The excess adsorption capacity of activated carbon was 9.19 mmol/g. It is used for water and air cleaning. Ash can be used for chemisorption onto ash particle surfaces or capture of special pollutants. Shale is a potential material for enhanced gas recovery or CO₂ sequestration in-situ. Slag is a potential material for capture of gases with a possibility of the underground gas storage after the adsorption process. The carbonized sewage sludge is quite a good adsorbent for the removal and capture of pollutants, as well as shales or black coal which show an interesting relationship between the price and adsorption capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82" title=" CO₂"> CO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure" title=" high pressure"> high pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20materials" title=" porous materials"> porous materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98052/high-pressure-co2-adsorption-capacity-of-selected-unusual-porous-materials-and-rocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Neotectonic Characteristics of the Western Part of Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmi%20Aksoy">Rahmi Aksoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The western part of Konya consists of an area of block faulted basin and ranges. Present day topography is characterized by alternating elongate mountains and depressions trending east-west. A number of depressions occur in the region. One of the large depressions is the E-W trending Kızılören-Küçükmuhsine (KK basin) basin bounded on both sides by normal faults and located on the west of the Konya city. The basin is about 5-12 km wide and 40 km long. Ranges north and south of the basin are composed of undifferentiated low grade metamorphic rocks of Silurian-Cretaceous age and smaller bodies of ophiolites of probable Cretaceous age. The basin fill consists of the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene fluvial, lacustrine, alluvial sediments and volcanic rocks. The younger and undeformed Plio-Quaternary basin fill unconformably overlies the older basin fill and is composed predominantly of conglomerate, mudstone, silt, clay and recent basin floor deposits. The paleostress data on the striated fault planes in the basin indicates NW-SE extension and associated with an NE-SW compression. The eastern end of the KK basin is cut and terraced by the active Konya fault zone. The Konya fault zone is NE trending, east dipping normal fault forming the western boundary of the Konya depression. The Konya depression consists mainly of Plio-Quaternary alluvial complex and recent basin floor sediments. The structural data gathered from the Konya fault zone support normal faulting with a small amount of dextral strike-slip tensional tectonic regime that shaped under the WNW-ESE extensional stress regime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20Anatolia" title="central Anatolia">central Anatolia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics" title=" fault kinematics"> fault kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C3%B6ren-K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkmuhsine%20basin" title=" Kızılören-Küçükmuhsine basin"> Kızılören-Küçükmuhsine basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konya%20fault%20zone" title=" Konya fault zone"> Konya fault zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neotectonics" title=" neotectonics"> neotectonics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44672/neotectonic-characteristics-of-the-western-part-of-konya-central-anatolia-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Investigation on Microfacies and Electrofacies of Upper Dalan and Kangan Formations in One of Costal Fars Gas Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Rezaei">Babak Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Zargar%20Shoushtari"> Arash Zargar Shoushtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kangan anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area, southwest of Nar and west of west Assaluyeh anticlines and north of Kangan harbor in Boushehr province. The Kangan anticline is nearly asymmetric and with 55Km long and 6Km wide base on structural map of Kangan Formation. The youngest and the oldest Formations on surface are Bakhtiyari (Pliocene) and Sarvak (Cenomanian) respectively. The highest dip angles of 30 and 40 degree were observed in north and south flanks of Kangan anticline respectively and two reverse faults cut these flanks parallel to structure strike. Existence of sweet gas in Kangan Fm. and Upper Dalan in this structure is confirmed with probable Silurian shales origin. Main facies belts in these formations include super tidal and intertidal flat, lagoon, oolitic-bioclastic shoals and open marine sub environments that expand in a homoclinal and shallow water carbonate ramp under the arid climates. Digenetic processes studies, indicates the influence of all digenetic environments (marine, meteoric, burial) in the reservoir succession. These processes sometimes has led to reservoir quality improvement (such as dolomitization and dissolution) but in many instances reservoir units has been destroyed (such as compaction, anhydrite and calcite cementation). In this study, petrophysical evaluation is made in Kangan and upper Dalan formations by using well log data of five selected wells. Probabilistic method is used for petrophysical evaluation by applying appropriate soft wares. According to this evaluation the lithology of Kangan and upper Dalan Formations mainly consist of limestone and dolomite with thin beds of Shale and evaporates. In these formations 11 Zones with different reservoir characteristic have been identified. Based on wire line data analyses, in some part of these formations, high porosity can be observed. The range of porosity (PHIE) and water saturation (Sw) are estimated around 10-20% and 20-30%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfacies" title="microfacies">microfacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrofacies" title=" electrofacies"> electrofacies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrophysics" title=" petrophysics"> petrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagenese" title=" diagenese"> diagenese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20fields" title=" gas fields"> gas fields</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15626/investigation-on-microfacies-and-electrofacies-of-upper-dalan-and-kangan-formations-in-one-of-costal-fars-gas-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Flowback Fluids Treatment Technology with Water Recycling and Valuable Metals Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Konieczy%C5%84ska">Monika Konieczyńska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Fajfer"> Joanna Fajfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Lipi%C5%84ska"> Olga Lipińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Poland works related to the exploration and prospection of unconventional hydrocarbons (natural gas accumulated in the Silurian shale formations) started in 2007, based on the experience of the other countries that have created new possibilities for the use of existing hydrocarbons resources. The highly water-consuming process of hydraulic fracturing is required for the exploitation of shale gas which implies a need to ensure large volume of water available. As a result considerable amount of mining waste is generated, particularly liquid waste, i.e. flowback fluid with variable chemical composition. The chemical composition of the flowback fluid depends on the composition of the fracturing fluid and the chemistry of the fractured geological formations. Typically, flowback fluid is highly salinated, can be enriched in heavy metals, including rare earth elements, naturally occurring radioactive materials and organic compounds. The generated fluids considered as the extractive waste should be properly managed in the recovery or disposal facility. Problematic issue is both high hydration of waste as well as their variable chemical composition. Also the limited capacity of currently operating facilities is a growing problem. Based on the estimates, currently operating facilities will not be sufficient for the need of waste disposal when extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons starts. Further more, the content of metals in flowback fluids including rare earth elements is a considerable incentive to develop technology of metals recovery. Also recycling is a key factor in terms of selection of treatment process, which should provide that the thresholds required for reuse are met. The paper will present the study of the flowback fluids chemical composition, based on samples from hydraulic fracturing processes performed in Poland. The scheme of flowback fluid cleaning and recovering technology will be reviewed along with a discussion of the results and an assessment of environmental impact, including all generated by-products. The presented technology is innovative due to the metal recovery, as well as purified water supply for hydraulic fracturing process, which is significant contribution to reducing water consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title="environmental impact">environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowback%20fluid" title=" flowback fluid"> flowback fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20of%20special%20waste%20streams" title=" management of special waste streams"> management of special waste streams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals%20recovery" title=" metals recovery"> metals recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale%20gas" title=" shale gas"> shale gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44605/flowback-fluids-treatment-technology-with-water-recycling-and-valuable-metals-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Influence of Confinement on Phase Behavior in Unconventional Gas Condensate Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szymon%20Kuczynski">Szymon Kuczynski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poland is characterized by the presence of numerous sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon provinces. Since 2006 exploration for hydrocarbons in Poland become gradually more focus on new unconventional targets, particularly on the shale gas potential of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian in the Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin. The first forecast prepared by US Energy Information Administration in 2011 indicated to 5.3 Tcm of natural gas. In 2012, Polish Geological Institute presented its own forecast which estimated maximum reserves on 1.92 Tcm. The difference in the estimates was caused by problems with calculations of the initial amount of adsorbed, as well as free, gas trapped in shale rocks (GIIP - Gas Initially in Place). This value is dependent from sorption capacity, gas saturation and mutual interactions between gas, water, and rock. Determination of the reservoir type in the initial exploration phase brings essential knowledge, which has an impact on decisions related to the production. The study of porosity impact for phase envelope shift eliminates errors and improves production profitability. Confinement phenomenon affects flow characteristics, fluid properties, and phase equilibrium. The thermodynamic behavior of confined fluids in porous media is subject to the basic considerations for industrial applications such as hydrocarbons production. In particular the knowledge of the phase equilibrium and the critical properties of the contained fluid is essential for the design and optimization of such process. In pores with a small diameter (nanopores), the effect of the wall interaction with the fluid particles becomes significant and occurs in shale formations. Nano pore size is similar to the fluid particles’ diameter and the area of particles which flow without interaction with pore wall is almost equal to the area where this phenomenon occurs. The molecular simulation studies have shown an effect of confinement to the pseudo critical properties. Therefore, the critical parameters pressure and temperature and the flow characteristics of hydrocarbons in terms of nano-scale are under the strong influence of fluid particles with the pore wall. It can be concluded that the impact of a single pore size is crucial when it comes to the nanoscale because there is possible the above-described effect. Nano- porosity makes it difficult to predict the flow of reservoir fluid. Research are conducted to explain the mechanisms of fluid flow in the nanopores and gas extraction from porous media by desorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20condensation" title=" capillary condensation"> capillary condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20envelope" title=" phase envelope"> phase envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanopores" title=" nanopores"> nanopores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20natural%20gas" title=" unconventional natural gas"> unconventional natural gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37434/influence-of-confinement-on-phase-behavior-in-unconventional-gas-condensate-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Geological Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Potential of M’Rar Formation Within NC-210, Atshan Saddle Ghadamis-Murzuq Basins, Libya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadeg%20M.%20Ghnia">Sadeg M. Ghnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Alghattawi"> Mahmud Alghattawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The NC-210 study area is located in Atshan Saddle between both Ghadamis and Murzuq basins, west Libya. The preserved Palaeozoic successions are predominantly clastics reaching thickness of more than 20,000 ft in northern Ghadamis Basin depocenter. The Carboniferous series consist of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, shale, claystone and minor limestone deposited in a fluctuating shallow marine to brackish lacustrine/fluviatile environment which attain maximum thickness of over 5,000ft in the area of Atshan Saddle and recorded 3,500 ft. in outcrops of Murzuq Basin flanks. The Carboniferous strata was uplifted and eroded during Late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic time in northern Ghadamis Basin and Atshan Saddle. The M'rar Formation age is Tournaisian to Late Serpukhovian based on palynological markers and contains about 12 cycles of sandstone and shale deposited in shallow to outer neritic deltaic settings. The hydrocarbons in the M'rar reservoirs possibly sourced from the Lower Silurian and possibly Frasinian radioactive hot shales. The M'rar Formation lateral, vertical and thickness distribution is possibly influenced by the reactivation of Tumarline Strik-Slip fault and its conjugate faults. A pronounced structural paleohighs and paleolows, trending SE & NW through the Gargaf Saddle, is possibly indicative of the present of two sub-basins in the area of Atshan Saddle. A number of identified seismic reflectors from existing 2D seismic covering Atshan Saddle reflect M’rar deltaic 12 sandstone cycles. M’rar7, M’rar9, M’rar10 and M’rar12 are characterized by high amplitude reflectors, while M’rar2 and M’rar6 are characterized by medium amplitude reflectors. These horizons are productive reservoirs in the study area. Available seismic data in the study area contributed significantly to the identification of M’rar potential traps, which are prominently 3- way dip closure against fault zone. Also seismic data indicates the presence of a significant strikeslip component with the development of flower-structure. The M'rar Formation hydrocarbon discoveries are concentrated mainly in the Atshan Saddle located in southern Ghadamis Basin, Libya and Illizi Basin in southeast of Algeria. Significant additional hydrocarbons may be present in areas adjacent to the Gargaf Uplift, along structural highs and fringing the Hoggar Uplift, providing suitable migration pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20potential" title="hydrocarbon potential">hydrocarbon potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratigraphy" title=" stratigraphy"> stratigraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghadamis%20basin" title=" Ghadamis basin"> Ghadamis basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20data%20integration" title=" well data integration"> well data integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161649/geological-characteristics-and-hydrocarbon-potential-of-mrar-formation-within-nc-210-atshan-saddle-ghadamis-murzuq-basins-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th 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