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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_frame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Water frame</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_frame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesin_carding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesin_carding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mesin <i>carding</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesin_carding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penghargaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penghargaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Penghargaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penghargaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penemuan-penemuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penemuan-penemuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Penemuan-penemuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penemuan-penemuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masalah_hak_paten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masalah_hak_paten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Masalah hak paten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masalah_hak_paten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monumen_peringatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monumen_peringatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Monumen peringatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monumen_peringatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_selanjutnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_selanjutnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bacaan selanjutnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_selanjutnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Arkwright</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 43 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ريتشارد آركرايت – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد آركرايت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ريتشارد آركرايت – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد آركرايت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Рычард Аркрайт – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард Аркрайт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Ричард Аркрайт – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ричард Аркрайт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8A%CF%84" title="Ρίτσαρντ Άρκραϊτ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίτσαρντ Άρκραϊτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ریچارد آرک رایت – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد آرک رایت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="ריצ'רד ארקרייט – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד ארקרייט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="रिचर्ड आर्कराइट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रिचर्ड आर्कराइट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Ռիչարդ Արքրայթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Արքրայթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="リチャード・アークライト – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・アークライト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸರ್ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‍ರೈಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸರ್ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‍ರೈಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%EC%95%84%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="리처드 아크라이트 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리처드 아크라이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ရစ်ချတ် အတ်ကရိုက် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရစ်ချတ် အတ်ကရိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Arkwright" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Аркрайт, Ричард – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аркрайт, Ричард" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">Richard Arkwright</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arkwright_Richard_1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Arkwright_Richard_1790.jpg/220px-Arkwright_Richard_1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Arkwright_Richard_1790.jpg/330px-Arkwright_Richard_1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Arkwright_Richard_1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Richard Arkwright oleh <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wright" title="Joseph Wright">Joseph Wright</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1732-12-23</span>)</span>23 Desember 1732<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preston (halaman belum tersedia)">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, Inggris</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">3 Agustus 1792<span style="display:none">(1792-08-03)</span> (umur 59)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromford (halaman belum tersedia)">Cromford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, Inggris</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Makam</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Derbyshire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kebangsaan</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Inggris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendidikan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Belajar membaca dan menulis dari sepupunya Ellen Arkwright</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pekerjaan</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Penemu, cikal bakal industri pemintalan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dikenal atas</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Mesin pemintal<br />Mesin pemintal tenaga air<br />Alat <i>carding</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pengganti</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Richard Arkwright Junior</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Suami/istri</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Patience Holt, namun setelah meninggal, Margaret Biggins</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anak</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em">Richard Arkwright Junior, Susanna Arkwright</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-right:0em; padding-right:0em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/12924438" title="Find a Grave: 12924438" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Find a Grave: 12924438" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/22px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/33px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg/44px-Creative-Tail-Halloween-grave.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294153#identifiers" title="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica els identificadors a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/18px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg/36px-Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="30" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sir <b>Richard Arkwright</b> (23 Desember 1732 – 3 Agustus 1792), adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> yang, meskipun patennya tidak diakui, sering dihargai sebagai penemu mesin pemintal (<i>spinning frame</i> yang kemudian dinamakan ulang <i>water frame</i>) dan mesin pemintal tenaga air setelah melalui perubahan ke <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_air" title="Tenaga air">tenaga air</a>. Ia juga mempatenkan mesin <i>carding</i> yang dapat mengubah <a href="/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas">kapas</a> mentah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Benang" title="Benang">benang</a>. Seorang yang suka berkarya, ia adalah wiraswasta terkemuka dari <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" title="Revolusi Industri">Revolusi Industri</a>. Pencapaian Arkwright adalah menggabungkan tenaga, permesinan, buruh setengah terdidik, dan bahan baru kapas untuk dijadikan produksi besar-besaran benang, lebih dari seabad sebelum <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a>. Kemampuannya untuk mengorganisasi membuatnya lebih dibandingkan orang lain, penemu sistem pabrik modern khususnya pemintalannya di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromford (halaman belum tersedia)">Cromford</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_dan_karya">Kehidupan dan karya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kehidupan dan karya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kehidupan dan karya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arkright%27s_Mill_-_Cromford_29-04-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Arkright%27s_Mill_-_Cromford_29-04-06.jpg/300px-Arkright%27s_Mill_-_Cromford_29-04-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Arkright%27s_Mill_-_Cromford_29-04-06.jpg/450px-Arkright%27s_Mill_-_Cromford_29-04-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Arkright%27s_Mill_-_Cromford_29-04-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>Pemintalan Arkwright di Cromford</figcaption></figure> <p>Richard Arkwright, termuda dari tigabelas bersaudara, dilahirkan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preston (halaman belum tersedia)">Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> pada 23 Desember 1732. Ayahnya Thomas adalah seorang penjahit baju dan seorang <i>burgess</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preston (halaman belum tersedia)">Preston Guild</a>. Keluarganya tercatat dalam Preston Guild Rolls yang kini disimpan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancashire_Record_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancashire Record Office (halaman belum tersedia)">Lancashire Record Office</a>. Orangtua Richard, Sarah dan Thomas tidak dapat membiayainya ke sekolah dan mengaturnya agar belajar membaca dan menulis pada sepupunya Ellen. Richard kemudian magang pada Mr. Nicholson, seorang tukang cukur di kota di dekatnya Kirkham dan mulai karyanya membuat 'periwigs' fesyen (rambut palsu) pada waktu itu. Pendapatannya kemudian menjadi pembiayaan awal pembuatan contoh mesin pemintal kapas. </p><p>Arkwright menikah dengan istri pertamanya, Patience Holt, tahun 1755. Mereka memiliki putra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright_Junior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Arkwright Junior (halaman belum tersedia)">Richard Arkwright Junior</a> pada tahun itu juga. Tahun 1756 Patience wafat oleh sebab yang tidak diketahui. Arkwright kemudian menikah lagi dengan Margaret Biggins tahun 1761, mereka memiliki tiga anak, yang hanya Susanna yang tetap hidup sampai dewasa. Setelah kematian istri pertamanya ia menjadi wiraswasta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_frame"><i>Water frame</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Water frame" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Water frame"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada pekerjaannya, Arkwright tertarik pada mesin-mesin pemintalan dan <i>carding</i> yang mengubah <a href="/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas">kapas</a> mentah menjadi benang. Tahun 1768 ia dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kay_(pemintal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kay (pemintal) (halaman belum tersedia)">John Kay</a>, seorang pembuat jam<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pindah ke pusat <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstil</a> di Nottingham. Tahun 1769 ia mempatenkan mesin <i>water frame</i>, mesin yang menghasilkan pintalan kencang, menggunakan kayu dan silinder logam menggantika jari-jari manusia. Hal ini membuat benang untuk menghasilkan <i>calico</i> dapat diproduksi lebih murah, yang kemudian menjadi awal perkembangan industri katun (kain dari serat kapas). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mesin_carding">Mesin <i>carding</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Mesin carding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mesin carding"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg/220px-Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg/330px-Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg/440px-Restored_carding_machine_at_Quarry_Bank_Mill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah mesin <i>carding</i> yang direstorasi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarry_Bank_Mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarry Bank Mill (halaman belum tersedia)">Quarry Bank Mill</a> di <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Paul (halaman belum tersedia)">Lewis Paul</a> menemukan mesin untuk <i>carding</i> pada tahun 1748. Richard Arkwright membuat perbaikan-perbaikan pada mesin ini dan tahun 1775 mengajukan paten untuk Mesin <i>Carding</i> yang baru, yang mengubah gumpalan kapas mentah menjadi untingan serat kapas yang kemudian bisa digulung pintal menjadi benang. Arkwright dan John Smalley membuat sebuah pabrik kecil bertenaga kuda di Nottingham. Memerlukan lebih banyak modal untuk pengembangan, Arkwright berkongsi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jedediah_Strutt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jedediah Strutt (halaman belum tersedia)">Jedediah Strutt</a> dan Samuel Need, pemilik pabrik-pabrik kaus kaki dan pakaian dalam yang kaya, yang keduanya tidak kaku atas perubahan. Tahun 1771 kongsi membangun pabrik pemintalan tenaga air pertama di dunia di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromford_Mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromford Mill (halaman belum tersedia)">Cromford</a> yang memiliki tenaga air dan bukan pengikut gereja. Arkwright menghabiskan £12.000 menyempurnakan mesinnya, yang memiliki "engkol dan sisir" ("crank & comb") untuk membuang jaring kapas dari mesin <i>carding</i>. Arkwright melakukan mekanisasi seluruh persiapan pemintalan, dan ia mulai membangun pabrik pemintalan kapas tenaga air sampai sejauh Skotlandia. Keberhasilannya mendorong banyak orang menirunya, sehingga ia menemui kendala dalam mendapatkan paten yang diajukannya tahun 1775. Mesin pemintalnya secara teknis sangat maju dibandingkan <i>spinning jenny</i> buatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hargreaves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hargreaves (halaman belum tersedia)">James Hargreaves</a>. </p><p>Sejak itu, Arkwright kembli ke rumahnya di pedesaan dan menyewa pabrik pemintalan Birkacre di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorley (halaman belum tersedia)">Chorley</a>, sebuah pemicu perkembangan kota untuk menjadi kota industri yang sangat penting pada Revolusi Industri. </p><p>Sejak 1774 firma telah mempekerjakan 600 orang, dan dalam lima tahun kemudian berkembang ke lokasi baru. Ia menjadi penemu di Skotlandia ketika ia membantu memulai industri kapas. Sebuah pabrik baru besar di Birkacre, Lancashire, dihancurkan, tetapi pada kerusuhan anti permesinan pada tahun 1779. Arkwright tahun 1775 mendapatkan beberapa paten besar meliputi beberapa proses yang diharapkannya dapat memonopoli kekuatan besar dari perkembangan cepat industri, tetapi opini Lancashire sangat menolak paten eksklusif. Tahun 1781 Arkwright mencoba dan gagal untuk mempertahankan paten monopolistik tahun 1775. Kasusnya dibawa ke pengadilan sampai bertahun-tahun dan gagal lagi untuknya pada tahun 1785, atas dasar bahwa spesifikasinya kurang dan ia dianggap telah mengambil ide dari pembuat buluh Leigh yaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Highs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Highs (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomas Highs</a>. Ceritanya bahwa Kay si pembuat jam, telah memberikan rancangan untuk Arkwright yang membuat kemitraan dengannya. Juga dikatakan bahwa ia adalah seorang yang arogan. </p><p>Tahun 1777 ia menyewa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haarlem_Mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haarlem Mill (halaman belum tersedia)">Haarlem Mill</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wirksworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wirksworth (halaman belum tersedia)">Wirksworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a> dimana ia memasang pertamakalinya <a href="/wiki/Mesin_uap" title="Mesin uap">mesin uap</a> untuk digunakan pada pemintalan kapas, meski ini digunakan untuk menambah tenaga mesin pemutar yang menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Roda_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Roda air">roda air</a> bukan memutar mesinnya langsung.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agresif dan mandiri, Arkwright membuktikan sebagai orang yang sulit bekerjasama. Ia membeli semua milik rekanannya dan mulai membangun pabrik-pabrik di Manchester, Matlock, Bath, New Lanark (bekerjasama dengan David Dale) dan dimana-mana. Tidak seperti kebanyakan wiraswastawan, yang umumnya bukan dari gereja Kristen atau Anglikan, ia menganut Gereja Inggris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penghargaan">Penghargaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Penghargaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penghargaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pencapaian Arkwright dikenal luas, ia menjadi <i>high sherriff</i> di Derbyshire dan diberi gelar bangsawan tahun 1786. Banyak dari keberuntungannya berasal dari hak kekayaan intelektualnya. Sekitar 30.000 orang dipekerjakan tahun 1785 di pabrik-pabrik menggunakan paten Arkwright. Ia wafat di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastil_Willersley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastil Willersley (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastil Willersley</a>, puri yang dibangunnya dengan pemandangan ke arah pabrik pemintalan Cromford, pada 3 Agustus 1792 pada usia 59 meninggalkan harta senilai £500.000. Ia dimakamkan di Gereja St. Giles di Matlock. Jenazahnya kemudian dipindahkan ke Gereja St. Mary di Cromford.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Arkwright_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Arkwright Society (halaman belum tersedia)">The Arkwright Society</a> dibentuk setelah 200 tahun peringatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromford_Mill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromford Mill (halaman belum tersedia)">Cromford Mill</a>, kini menguasai lahan dan karya-karyanya untuk mempertahankan warisan industri di daerah tersebut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penemuan-penemuan">Penemuan-penemuan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Penemuan-penemuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penemuan-penemuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arkwright-water-frame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arkwright-water-frame.jpg/300px-Arkwright-water-frame.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="483" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arkwright-water-frame.jpg/450px-Arkwright-water-frame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arkwright-water-frame.jpg/600px-Arkwright-water-frame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah <i>water frame</i> Arkwright yang dibuat tahun 1775.</figcaption></figure> <p>Richard sendiri pernah dibantu Thomas Highs, dan terdapat bukti kuat yang mendukung bahwa penemuan <i>spinning frame</i> oleh Highs, bukan oleh Arkwright. Namun, Highs tidak dapat mengurus hak paten atau mengembangkan idenya karena kekurangan dana. Highs, yang juga dihargai karena penemuan <i>Spinning Jenny</i> beberapa tahun sebelum James Hargreaves memproduksi karyanya, kemungkinan mendapat ide mengenai <i>spinning frame</i> dari karya <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wyatt_(penemu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wyatt (penemu) (halaman belum tersedia)">John Wyatt</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Paul (halaman belum tersedia)">Lewis Paul</a> pada tahun 1730-an dan 1740-an. </p><p>Mesin menggunakan gulungan yang tidak merata yang berputar pada kecepatan yang semakin tinggi untuk menarik keluar secara memutar serat kapas, sebelum memilin melalui mekanisme gelendong dan memutar. Hal ini dapat membuat <a href="/wiki/Benang" title="Benang">benang</a> <a href="/wiki/Kapas" title="Kapas">katun</a> tipis dan cukup kuat untuk digulung, atau menjadi benang panjang dari <a href="/wiki/Kain" class="mw-disambig" title="Kain">kain</a>. Arkwright pindah ke Nottingham, membentuk perkongsian dengan pengusaha lokal Jedediah Strutt dan Samuel Need, lalu membuat pabrik pemintalan bertenaga kuda. Namun pada 1771, ia mengubahnya menjadi bertenaga air dan membangun sebuah pabrik pemintalan baru di desa Cromford di Derbyshire. </p><p>Segera menjadi kenyataan bahwa kota kecil tidak bisa menyediakan cukup pekerja untuk pabriknya. Sehingga ia membangun banyak pondok dekat pabrik dan mendatangkan pekerja dari luar daerah. Ia juga membangun rumah singgah Greyhound (Hotel Greyhound) yang masih berdiri di alun-alun pasar Cromford. Hotel direncanakan untuk menjadi museum Richard Arkwright. Tahun 1776 ia membeli banyak lahan di Cromford,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan tahun 1788 beberapa lahan di Willersley, penyedia kedua tempat itu adalah Peter Nightingale, paman moyang dari <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a>. </p><p>Tahun 1775, Arkwright mengajukan paten untuk mesin <i>carding</i>, proses pertama sebelum pemintalan dimulai, menggantikan <i>hand-carding</i> yang digunakan pabrik-pabrik sampai saat itu. Royalti tinggi yang diajukannya pada kedua penemuannya membuat pihak lain menantang patennya di pengadilan. Paten kedua digugurkan, tetapi itu terjadi setelah ia menjadi orang kaya. </p><p>Kontribusi utamanya tidak sepenuhnya pada penemuan-penemuannya namun juga disiplin tinggi dan pabrik yang menghasilkan keuntungan besar yang dibuatnya, yang tentu saja banyak ditiru. Terdapat dua jadwal kerja tigabelas jam per hari termasuk waktu pergantian (overlap). Bel berbunyi tiap jam 5 pagi dan sore dan gerbang ditutup tepat jam 6 pagi dan sore. Siapapun yang terlambat tidak hanya tidak dapat bekerja namun juga kehilangan gaji harian lebih. Keseluruhan keluarga dipekerjakan, dengan banyak anak-anak mulai dari usia tujuh tahun, meski kemudian usianya dinaikkan menjadi sepuluh tahun ketika usaha ini beralih ke anak Richard. </p><p>Arkwright mendorong para pemintal denga keluarga besar untuk pindah ke Cromford. Ia memberi libur seminggu dalam setahun, tetapi dengan kondisi mereka tidak dapat meninggalkan desa. Pada kehidupannya kemudian, ia secara mandiri memberikan beberapa pendidikan sederhana. Arkwright kemudian dikenal sebagai 'Bapak Revolusi Industri'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Masalah_hak_paten">Masalah hak paten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Masalah hak paten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Masalah hak paten"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tahun 1781, Arkwright ke pengadilan untuk menuntut hak patennya, tetapi keadaan berbalik dan ia kalah. Empat tahun kemudian, setelah melihat hak patennya dipulihkan sementara, pada perselisihan pengadilan lainnya, Thomas Highs, John Kay yang dengan penuh penyesalan, istri Kay dan janda James Hargreaves semua bersaksi bahwa Arkwright telah mencuri penemuan-penemuan. Pengadilan sepakat: hak paten Arkwright akhirnya digugurkan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monumen_peringatan">Monumen peringatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Monumen peringatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Monumen peringatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg/300px-Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg/450px-Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg/600px-Sir_Richard_Arkwright_by_Mather_Brown_1790.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption><i>Sir Richard Arkwright</i>, cat minyak pada kanvas, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mather_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mather Brown (halaman belum tersedia)">Mather Brown</a>, 1790. <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Britain_Museum_of_American_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Britain Museum of American Art (halaman belum tersedia)">New Britain Museum of American Art</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Tempat potong rambut Richard Arkwright di Churchgate, Bolton dihancurkan pada awal akhir abad. Ada sebuah plakat kecil di atas bekas pintu bangunan yang menggantikannya, mencatat jejak Arkwright pernah disitu.</li> <li>Sir Richard Arkwright tinggal di Rock House di Cromford, di seberang pabrik pemintalan pertama. Tahun 1788 ia membelinya dari ayah <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a>, William, senilai £20.000 dan membangun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastil_Willersley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastil Willersley (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastil Willersley</a> untuk dirinya dan keluarganya. Namun begitu selesai dibangun hancur oleh kebakaran, dan Arkwright harus menunggu lagi dua tahun pembangunan kembali. Ia meninggal pada usia 59 tahun 1792 dan belum pernah tinggal di kastil itu yang selesai setelah kematiannya. Kastil Willersley kini adalah sebuah hotel yang dimiliki perusahaan Christian Guild <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> terdapat <a href="/wiki/Sekolah_dasar" title="Sekolah dasar">sekolah dasar</a> yang dinamakan Arkwright di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glendale,_NY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glendale, NY (halaman belum tersedia)">Glendale, NY</a>.</li> <li>Di Inggris Yayasan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beasiswa_Arkwright&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beasiswa Arkwright (halaman belum tersedia)">Beasiswa Arkwright</a> (Arkwright Scholarships Trust) dibuat pada tahun 1991 untuk kenangan Sir Richard sebagai beasiswa yang mengilhami pemimpin-pemimpin masa depan dalam hal rancangan dan rekayasa industri. Tahun 2010, Yayasan memberikan 280 beasiswa setiap tahun untuk mendukung para pelajar melalui jenjang 'A' dan Scottish Highers untuk mendukung para pelajar memasuki universitas teknologi.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Musson, A. E.; Robinson, E. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2114855">"The Origins of Engineering in Lancashire"</a>. <i>The Journal of Economic History</i>. Cambridge University Press on behalf of the <i>Economic History Association</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 209–233.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+History&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Engineering+in+Lancashire&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=209-233&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Musson&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2114855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFitton1989" class="citation">Fitton, R. S. (1989), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jWW7AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Arkwrights: spinners of fortune</i></a>, Manchester: Manchester University Press, hlm. 57, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0719026466" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0719026466">0719026466</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-08-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arkwrights%3A+spinners+of+fortune&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0719026466&rft.aulast=Fitton&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjWW7AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTann1979" class="citation">Tann, Jennifer (1979), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/00076797900000030">"Arkwright's Employment of Steam Power"</a>, <i>Business History</i>, <b>21</b> (2): 248<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-08-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History&rft.atitle=Arkwright%27s+Employment+of+Steam+Power&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=248&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Tann&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informaworld.com%2F10.1080%2F00076797900000030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080418235344/http://www.visitderbyshire.co.uk/about_famouspeople.ihtml#richard_arkwright">"Famous People of Derbyshire"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitderbyshire.co.uk/about_famouspeople.ihtml#richard_arkwright">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Famous+People+of+Derbyshire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitderbyshire.co.uk%2Fabout_famouspeople.ihtml%23richard_arkwright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thornber.net/cheshire/ideasmen/arkwright.html">"Richard Arkwright"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+Arkwright&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thornber.net%2Fcheshire%2Fideasmen%2Farkwright.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gill, Gillian (2004-10-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/24/books/chapters/1024-1st-gill.html?pagewanted=4">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Nightingales<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. The New York Times Company<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Nightingales%27&rft.date=2004-10-24&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F24%2Fbooks%2Fchapters%2F1024-1st-gill.html%3Fpagewanted%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420012847/http://www.christianguild.co.uk/willersley/index.php">"Willersley Castle Hotel"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianguild.co.uk/willersley/index.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 2008-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Willersley+Castle+Hotel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianguild.co.uk%2Fwillersley%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_selanjutnya">Bacaan selanjutnya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan selanjutnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan selanjutnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFChapman1967" class="citation">Chapman, S. D. (1967), <i>The early factory masters: the transition to the factory system in the midlands textile industry</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+early+factory+masters%3A+the+transition+to+the+factory+system+in+the+midlands+textile+industry&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=S.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCooke1979" class="citation">Cooke, A. J. (1979), "Richard Arkwright and the Scottish cotton industry", <i>Textile History</i>, <b>10</b>: 196–202</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+History&rft.atitle=Richard+Arkwright+and+the+Scottish+cotton+industry&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=196-202&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Cooke&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFitton1989" class="citation">Fitton, R. S. (1989), <i>The Arkwrights: spinners of fortune</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arkwrights%3A+spinners+of+fortune&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Fitton&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>, the major scholarly study.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFittonWadsworth1958" class="citation">——— & Wadsworth, A. P. (1958), <i>The Strutts and the Arkwrights, 1758–1830: a study of the early factory system</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strutts+and+the+Arkwrights%2C+1758%E2%80%931830%3A+a+study+of+the+early+factory+system&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Fitton&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rft.au=Wadsworth%2C+A.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHewish1987" class="citation">Hewish, John (1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3105478">"From Cromford to Chancery Lane: New Light on the Arkwright Patent Trials"</a>, <i>Technology and Culture</i>, <b>28</b> (1): 80–86</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technology+and+Culture&rft.atitle=From+Cromford+to+Chancery+Lane%3A+New+Light+on+the+Arkwright+Patent+Trials&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=80-86&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Hewish&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3105478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHills1970" class="citation">Hills, Richard L. (1970), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/531292">"Sir Richard Arkwright and His Patent Granted in 1769"</a>, <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London</i>, <b>24</b> (2): 254–260</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Sir+Richard+Arkwright+and+His+Patent+Granted+in+1769&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=254-260&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hills&rft.aufirst=Richard+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F531292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMason2004" class="citation">Mason, J. J. (2004), "Arkwright, Sir Richard (1732–1792)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.atitle=Arkwright%2C+Sir+Richard+%281732%E2%80%931792%29&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTann1973" class="citation">Tann, Jennifer (1973), "Richard Arkwright and technology", <i>History</i>, <b>58</b>: 29–44</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Richard+Arkwright+and+technology&rft.volume=58&rft.pages=29-44&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Tann&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTann1970" class="citation">——— (1970), <i>The development of the factory</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+development+of+the+factory&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Tann&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTann1979" class="citation">——— (1979), "Arkwright's Employment of Steam Power", <i>Business History</i>, <b>21</b> (2): 247–250, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-6791">0007-6791</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+History&rft.atitle=Arkwright%27s+Employment+of+Steam+Power&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=247-250&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0007-6791&rft.aulast=Tann&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Arkwright" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Arkwright&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Arkwright" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Arkwright"><span style="">Richard Arkwright</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Arkwright,_Richard_%281732-1792%29_%28DNB00%29">Arkwright, Richard (1732-1792) (DNB00)</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?pageid=604&language=eng">Richard Arkwright 1732-1792 Inventor of the Water Frame</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090517071603/http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?pageid=604&language=eng">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-05-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/arkwrighto.htm">Essay on Arkwright</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040810031055/http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/arkwrighto.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2004-08-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm">Revolutionary Players website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060308154827/http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-03-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1030">Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site</a></li> <li><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Arkwright,_Sir_Richard" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Arkwright, Sir Richard">The New Student's Reference Work/Arkwright, Sir Richard</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pd65.dial.pipex.com/matlock/ped/arkwright.htm">Descendants of Sir Richard Arkwright</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207150701/http://www.pd65.dial.pipex.com/matlock/ped/arkwright.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-02-07 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pd65.dial.pipex.com/matlock/mills.htm">Richard Arkwright in Derbyshire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208053227/http://www.pd65.dial.pipex.com/matlock/mills.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-02-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancashirepioneers.com/arkwright/biog.asp">Lancaster Pioneers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121208225228/http://www.lancashirepioneers.com/arkwright/biog.asp">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-12-08 di <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a> - includes an obituary of Arkwright from 1792</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkwright.org.uk">The Arkwright Scholarships Trust</a> - named after Sir Richard. Awards prestigious Scholarships to aspiring future leaders in engineering and design in the UK.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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J. Coffee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Derby_Sketching_Club" title="Derby Sketching Club">Derby Sketching Club</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harold_Gresley" title="Harold Gresley">Harold Gresley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Holtzendorff" title="Georg Holtzendorff">Georg Holtzendorff</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_John_Keene" title="Alfred John Keene">Alfred John Keene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lark_Pratt" title="Henry Lark Pratt">Henry Lark Pratt</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Payne_(seniman)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Payne (seniman)">David Payne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Pope" title="Ronald Pope">Ronald Pope</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rayner" title="Samuel Rayner">Samuel Rayner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louise_Rayner" title="Louise Rayner">Louise Rayner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(Derby)" title="Thomas Smith (Derby)">Thomas Smith</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Townsend" title="Ernest Townsend">Ernest Townsend</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Turner_(seniman)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Turner (seniman)">George Turner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wright" title="Joseph Wright">Joseph Wright</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geologi:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Marmer_Hitam_Ashford" title="Marmer Hitam Ashford">Marmer Hitam Ashford</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Farey" title="John Farey">John Farey</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Martin_(naturalis)" title="William Martin (naturalis)">William Martin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Matlockit" title="Matlockit">Matlockit</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Mawe" title="John Mawe">John Mawe</a> • <a href="/wiki/White_Watson" title="White Watson">White Watson</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Whitehurst" title="John Whitehurst">John Whitehurst</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seni dekoratif:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Museum_dan_Galeri_Seni_Derby#Ruangan_Bonnie_Prince_Charlie" title="Museum dan Galeri Seni Derby">Ruangan Bonnie Prince Charlie</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah militer:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/9th/12th_Royal_Lancers" title="9th/12th Royal Lancers">9th/12th Royal Lancers</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Goate" title="William Goate">William Goate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kells" title="Robert Kells">Robert Kells</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Octavius_Grenfell" title="Francis Octavius Grenfell">Francis O. Grenfell</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Spence" title="David Spence">David Spence</a> • <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jendral_Johnson_menyelamatkan_seorang_Perwira_Prancis_yang_terluka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jendral Johnson menyelamatkan seorang Perwira Prancis yang terluka (halaman belum tersedia)">Jendral Johnson menyelamatkan seorang Perwira Prancis yang terluka</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah alam:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kuda_nil_Allenton" title="Kuda nil Allenton">Kuda nil Allenton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raja_Roma_(merpati)" title="Raja Roma (merpati)">Raja Roma</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_Linton" title="William Richardson Linton">William Richardson Linton</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Hunt_Painter" title="William Hunt Painter">William Hunt Painter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Whittaker_(botanis)" title="Joseph Whittaker (botanis)">Joseph Whitaker</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gambar & lukisan:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Joseph_Wright:" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wright" title="Joseph Wright">Joseph Wright</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Arkwright</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/A_Philosopher_Lecturing_on_the_Orrery" title="A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery">Lecturing on the Orrery</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Janda_Indian" title="Janda Indian">Janda Indian</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_dan_Juliet:_Adegan_Makam" title="Romeo dan Juliet: Adegan Makam">Romeo & Juliet</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Miravan" title="Miravan">Miravan</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Ahli_Alkimia_Menemukan_Fosfor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahli Alkimia Menemukan Fosfor">Alkimia</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Makam_Virgil_(lukisan)" title="Makam Virgil (lukisan)">Makam Virgil</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Bengkel_Pandai_Besi" title="Bengkel Pandai Besi">Bengkel Pandai Besi</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Earthstopper" title="Earthstopper">Earthstopper</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Filsuf_dengan_Cahaya_lampu" title="Filsuf dengan Cahaya lampu">Filsuf dengan Cahaya lampu</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ward_(pencicip)" title="Samuel Ward (pencicip)">Samuel Ward</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Tawanan_(lukisan)" title="Tawanan (lukisan)">Tawanan</a></i>  • <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Tawanan" title="Raja Tawanan">Raja Tawanan</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_dan_Ann_Borrow" title="Thomas dan Ann Borrow">Thomas dan Ann Borrow</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seni Oseania:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Topeng_Tatanua" title="Topeng Tatanua">Topeng Tatanua</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Porselen:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pabrik_porselen_Chelsea" title="Pabrik porselen Chelsea">Pabrik porselen Chelsea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Porselen_Derby" title="Porselen Derby">Porselen Derby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Royal_Crown_Derby" title="Royal Crown Derby">Royal Crown Derby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Porselen_Pinxton" title="Porselen Pinxton">Porselen Pinxton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andre_Planche" class="mw-redirect" title="Andre Planche">André Planché</a>  • <a href="/wiki/William_Billingsley_(seniman)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Billingsley (seniman)">William Billingsley</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Duesbury" title="William Duesbury">William Duesbury</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Britania Kuno:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Budaya_Creswell" title="Budaya Creswell">Budaya Creswell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Derventio" title="Derventio">Derventio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benteng_Romawi_Strutts_Park" title="Benteng Romawi Strutts Park">Benteng Romawi Strutts Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pemukiman_Romawi_Derby_Racecourse" title="Pemukiman Romawi Derby Racecourse">Pemukiman Romawi Derby Racecourse</a> • <a href="/wiki/Perahu_Kayu_Hanson" title="Perahu Kayu Hanson">Perahu Kayu Hanson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Besar_Biadab" title="Tentara Besar Biadab">Tentara Besar Biadab</a> • <a href="/wiki/Permakaman_Heath_Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Permakaman Heath Wood">Permakaman Heath Wood</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kastel_Codnor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kastel Codnor (halaman belum tersedia)">Kastel Codnor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kastel_Duffield" title="Kastel Duffield">Kastel Duffield</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Icknield_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icknield Street (halaman belum tersedia)">Icknield St.</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Street_(Derbyshire)" title="The Street (Derbyshire)">The Street</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Long_Lane_(Derbyshire)" title="The Long Lane (Derbyshire)">The Long Lane</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sains & rekayasa:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Coelestis" title="Atlas Coelestis">Atlas Coelestis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Vulliamy" title="Benjamin Vulliamy">Benjamin Vulliamy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jam_matahari_Whitehurst_%26_Son" title="Jam matahari Whitehurst & Son">Jam matahari Whitehurst & Son</a> • <a href="/wiki/QRpedia" title="QRpedia">QRpedia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hubungan:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Handyside_and_Company" title="Andrew Handyside and Company">Andrew Handyside and Co.</a> • <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Research_Division" title="British Rail Research Division">British Rail Research Division</a> • <a href="/wiki/Derby_Philosophical_Society" title="Derby Philosophical Society">Derby Philosophical Society</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pameran_Derby_(1839)" title="Pameran Derby (1839)">Pameran Derby (1839)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pribadi:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alchmund_Derby" title="Alchmund Derby">Alchmund Derby</a> • <a href="/wiki/Peter_Perez_Burdett" title="Peter Perez Burdett">Peter Perez Burdett</a> • <a href="/wiki/D%27Ewes_Coke" title="D'Ewes Coke">D'Ewes Coke</a> • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coke" title="Daniel Coke">Daniel Coke</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_Adipati_Keenam_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, Adipati Keenam Devonshire">William Cavendish, Adipati Keenam Devonshire</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Ferguson" title="James Ferguson">James Ferguson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Knill_Freeman" title="Richard Knill Freeman">Richard Knill Freeman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Goodey" title="Alfred E. Goodey">Alfred E. Goodey</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Harpur_Crewe" title="George Harpur Crewe">Sir George Harpur Crewe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Llewellyn_Jewitt" title="Llewellyn Jewitt">Llewellyn Jewitt</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Lombe" title="John Lombe">John Lombe</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Mundy" title="William Mundy">William Mundy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pickford" title="Joseph Pickford">Joseph Pickford</a> • <a href="/wiki/Washington_Shirley,_Earl_Kelima_Ferrers" title="Washington Shirley, Earl Kelima Ferrers">Washington Shirley, Earl Kelima Ferrers</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Sorocold" title="George Sorocold">George Sorocold</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strutt_(filantropi)" title="Joseph Strutt (filantropi)">Joseph Strutt</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Sylvester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Sylvester (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles Sylvester</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Museum_Industri_Derby" title="Museum Industri Derby">Museum Industri Derby</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pemintalan_Lombe" title="Pemintalan Lombe">Pemintalan Lombe</a>)  • <a href="/wiki/Museum_Rumah_Pickford" title="Museum Rumah Pickford">Museum Rumah Pickford</a></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan_Pusat_Derby" title="Perpustakaan Pusat Derby">Perpustakaan Pusat</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294153#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294153#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294153#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/30336180">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/30336180">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5429864">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16296980m">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16296980m">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50001585">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620280">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000400215&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074699288">Belanda</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810586792305606">Polandia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500104234">Artist Names (Getty)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/356/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qj7mv5">Social Networks and Archival Context</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085620122">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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