CINXE.COM
Video Explainers | Video | The Independent
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="lt-ie9"> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html> <!--<![endif]--> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.independent.co.uk:80/video/Explainers","20161118231607","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1479510967"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>Video Explainers | Video | The Independent</title> <link rel="manifest" href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/manifest.json"> <!-- HEAD --> <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://static.standard.co.uk/"/> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=499587380, affiliate-data=1l3v95Z"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://static.independent.co.uk/"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS - Video Explainers" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers/rss"/> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="729735830"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="235586169789578"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Independent"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Video Explainers"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@independent"/> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Video Explainers"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/favicon.ico" type="image/ico"/> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="58C7FB6B9237322BB527AA3C68656AE3"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-60x60.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-72x72.png" sizes="72x72"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-76x76.png" sizes="76x76"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-114x114.png" sizes="114x114"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-120x120.png" sizes="120x120"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-144x144.png" sizes="144x144"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-152x152.png" sizes="152x152"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20161118231607im_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/apple-icon-180x180.png" sizes="180x180"/> <link rel="android-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/android-icon-36x36.png" sizes="36x36"/> <link rel="android-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/android-icon-48x48.png" sizes="48x48"/> <link rel="android-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/android-icon-72x72.png" sizes="72x72"/> <link rel="android-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/android-icon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"/> <link rel="android-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/android-icon-114x114.png" sizes="114x114"/> <link rel="android-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/android-icon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"/> <link rel="ms-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/ms-icon-70x70.png" sizes="70x70"/> <link rel="ms-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/ms-icon-144x144.png" sizes="144x144"/> <link rel="ms-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/ms-icon-150x150.png" sizes="150x150"/> <link rel="ms-icon" href="/sites/all/themes/ines_themes/independent_theme/img/ms-icon-310x310.png" sizes="310x310"/> <!-- PRE HEAD INLINE --> <script>var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime(); ; var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 62356; _sf_async_config.domain = 'independent.co.uk'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.flickerControl = false; _sf_async_config.sections = 'video,Explainers'; _sf_async_config.title = 'Video Explainers'; /** CONFIGURATION END **/ var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); ; var gptPath = "-in_video-in_explainers-in_explainers_hp"; ; var s_account = "indepdev"; ; </script> <!-- SCRIPTS --> <!-- STYLES --> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607cs_/http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/advagg_css/css__8hNSjhZ5ePShkLRtI7ArCXODkeETokErBoR_jivVdhs__xC0LcO0R-bDWxJtPRMI5XjB7k1116JFsZ5ohBi7FqG4__5kqHynOifjMNcOXxeiS0IBrNvzbqVpjIR7hq-0wSifY.css" media="all"/> <!-- HARDCODED --> <script type="text/javascript"> var articleId = 'index'; var pageType = 'index'; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/libraries/modernizr/modernizr-custom.js?ognpm1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/advagg_js/js__H5AFmq1RrXKsrazzPq_xPQPy4K0wUKqecPjczzRiTgQ__p930YZ_ODW6ZjDLOJmxJnRL7juGStYuszD6uNS8_FFo__5kqHynOifjMNcOXxeiS0IBrNvzbqVpjIR7hq-0wSifY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/advagg_js/js__HtxFT83R1UUVYe_-Mp7n9esVnhjh45YItD5R_qypsm8__3OyH6iI8zjriMFhOGUnH15wB3OnBNScomiNgdpwS8qU__5kqHynOifjMNcOXxeiS0IBrNvzbqVpjIR7hq-0wSifY.js" defer="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__5kqHynOifjMNcOXxeiS0IBrNvzbqVpjIR7hq-0wSifY.js" defer="defer" async="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="/web/20161118231607js_/http://www.independent.co.uk/profiles/ines/modules/ines_js/js/ines_helper.min.js?ognpm1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/advagg_js/js__vVaL20peNm0p-z-APceH6LkoAz27qXaKDpdNFXPLQyc__tZLGMN4pplky4LlB7RVuTJO5vd_eDws7rV8VP2IiwZ8__5kqHynOifjMNcOXxeiS0IBrNvzbqVpjIR7hq-0wSifY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" async="async" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://sadmin.brightcove.com/js/BrightcoveExperiences.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="/web/20161118231607js_/http://www.independent.co.uk/profiles/ines/modules/ines_js/js/ines_js.defer.js?ognpm1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/advagg_js/js__drgkXp1l39WrkTQVM5fmTeOhkx_51DOaE_bgJIy81eM__RgOXLjnnr-gjj_P-ciV5nVME_ucAxnZh-Qlk9h01T6s__5kqHynOifjMNcOXxeiS0IBrNvzbqVpjIR7hq-0wSifY.js" defer="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"independent_theme","theme_token":"FPw0lHsMD73LMIyJJev_6R-1_NPJC3DIOPkPhlBbrY8","css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/scald\/modules\/fields\/mee\/css\/editor-global.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture_wysiwyg.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/scald_file\/scald_file.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/css\/style.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/css\/style.css":1},"js":{"sites\/all\/libraries\/modernizr\/modernizr-custom.js":1,"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/code.jquery.com\/jquery-2.1.4.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/js\/main.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/js\/section-pages.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picturefill2\/picturefill.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture.min.js":1,"\/profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_js\/js\/ines_helper.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/js\/adunit_define.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/custom\/pugpig\/core\/js\/pugpig.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/scald_file\/scald_file.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/scald\/modules\/providers\/scald_image\/scald_image.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_scald_videos_external\/ines_scald_videos_external.js":1,"profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_sharethrough\/js\/sharethrough.js":1,"profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_taboola\/js\/taboola.js":1,"profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_layout_config\/js\/layout_grid.feeds.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/js\/gigya.session.js":1,"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/https:\/\/sadmin.brightcove.com\/js\/BrightcoveExperiences.js":1,"\/profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_js\/js\/ines_js.defer.js":1,"profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_commercial\/ines_commercial_ads\/js\/commercial.lazy_ads.js":1,"profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_js\/js\/in\/html.tpl.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/js\/vendor\/jquery.lazyload.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/js\/ines-lazy-load.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/js\/ines-share-init.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/js\/sitecatalyst.masthead_tracking.js":1}},"layoutgridfeeds":[],"scaldFile":{"path":"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/scald_file\/scald_file.css"},"googleanalytics":{"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/video\/Explainers":true},"ines_sharethrough":{"placements":[{"id":"mpu0","key":"c5vamUsJrffSZd1VUeE3PcWW"},{"id":"mpu1","key":"c5vamUsJrffSZd1VUeE3PcWW"},{"id":"mpu2","key":"c5vamUsJrffSZd1VUeE3PcWW"}]},"ines_taboola":{"placements":[{"id":"mpu0","container":"taboola-mid-main-column-thumbnails","placement":"Mid Main Column Thumbnails"},{"id":"mpu1","container":"taboola-mid-main-column-thumbnails-2nd","placement":"Mid Main Column Thumbnails 2nd"},{"id":"mpu2","container":"taboola-mid-main-column-thumbnails-3rd","placement":"Mid Main Column Thumbnails 3rd"}]},"commercial_ads":{"gptSlots":["leaderboard","mpu0","mpu3","teadsib","znaptag","thirdparty01","outofpageslot","takeover1","takeover2"],"lazy_gptSlots":["partner1","partner2","partner3","partner4","partner5","partner6","partner7","partner8","partner9","partner10","mpu1","mpu2","mpu4","mpu5","mpu6","mpu7","mpu8","mpu9","perform"],"breakpoints":{"750":[{"slot":"leaderboard","slotWidth":"320"}],"1050":[{"slot":"leaderboard","slotWidth":"728"}]}},"gigya_ui":{"shareButtons":[{"provider":"facebook","tooltip":"Share on Facebook","enableCount":"false","iconImgUp":"\/sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/img\/facebook.png"},{"provider":"Twitter","tooltip":"Share on Twitter","enableCount":"false","related":"independent,thei100,indyusa","via":"independent","iconImgUp":"\/sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/img\/twitter.png"},{"provider":"WhatsApp","tooltip":"WhatsApp","enableCount":"false","iconImgUp":"\/sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/img\/whatsapp.png"},{"provider":"email","tooltip":"email","enableCount":"false","iconImgUp":"\/sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/independent_theme\/img\/email.png"},{"provider":"share","tooltip":"Share","enableCount":true,"iconImgUp":"\/sites\/all\/themes\/ines_themes\/ines_theme\/img\/blank.gif"}]},"ines_share":{"fbAppId":"235586169789578"},"js_defer":{"onLoad":[],"onReady":[{"src":"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/s.ntv.io\/serve\/load.js"},{"src":"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/native.sharethrough.com\/assets\/sfp.js"},{"src":"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/esi.gscontxt.net\/independent\/channels.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvideo%2FExplainers"},{"src":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_commercial\/ines_commercial_ads\/js\/commercial.openx.js"},{"src":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/https:\/\/hammerjs.github.io\/dist\/hammer.min.js","id":"hammerjs","modernizr":"touchevents"},{"src":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/cdn.gigya.com\/JS\/gigya.js?apiKey=2_bkQWNsWGVZf-fA4GnOiUOYdGuROCvoMoEN4WMj6_YBq4iecWA-Jp9D2GZCLbzON4","id":"gigya"}],"dependant":{"hammerjs":[{"src":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_device\/js\/ines_device.js"}],"gigya":[{"src":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/webservices.sub2tech.com\/CodeBase\/LIVE\/Min\/sub2.js?LICENSEKEY=a62ebd59-8802-4b7d-88d8-a93988f7e9ab\u0026trackPage=Y","id":"sub2tech"}],"sub2tech":[{"src":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161118231607\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/profiles\/ines\/modules\/ines_gigya\/js\/gigya.ui.js"}]}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <!-- POST HEAD INLINE --> </head> <body class="not-front section section-explainers"> <!-- PAGE TOP --> <!-- PAGE --> <header id="masthead"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/" title="Home"> <span class="logo"></span> </a> <ul id="dynamic-header"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/" title="Home"> <li class="logotype active"> <span class="logo-full"></span> </li> </a> <li class="push"> <div id="fb-root"></div> <div class="fb-like" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline?fref=ts" data-layout="button_count" data-action="like" data-show-faces="false" data-share="false"></div> <a class="twitter-follow-button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://twitter.com/Independent" data-show-screen-name="false" data-show-count="false"></a> </li> </ul> <nav> <ol><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/us" title="">News</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/us-election-2016" title="">Election 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas" title="">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk" title="">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world" title="">World</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe" title="">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business" title="">Business</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices" title="">Voices</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment" title="">Comment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/robert-fisk" title="">Robert Fisk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/robert-fisk" title="">Mark Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/grace-dent" title="">Grace Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/holly-baxter" title="">Holly Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/campaigns" title="">Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/editorials" title="">Editorials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letters" title="">Letters</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport" title="">Sports</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport" title="">US sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football" title="">Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis" title="">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/boxing" title="">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing" title="">Formula 1</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/wwe-mma-wrestling" title="">WWE</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment" title="">Culture</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films" title="">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv" title="">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music" title="">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books" title="">Books</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style" title="">Lifestyle</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion" title="">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink" title="">Food + drink</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel" title="">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families" title="">Health + families</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex" title="">Love + sex</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech" title="">Tech</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/gaming" title="">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features" title="">Tech culture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news" title="">Tech news</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections" title="">US election</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/marketing/apps" title="">Daily Edition</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independentsubscriptions.co.uk/" title="">Subscribe for a free trial</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://edition.independent.co.uk/" title="">Read Now</a></li> </ul></li> </ol> </nav> <ol id="meta-nav"> <li class="search"> <a href="#" class="icon-search dropdown-toggle" title="Search"></a> <form class="search-form search search" action="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers" method="post" id="search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline search-container search-container form-wrapper" id="edit-basic"><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-keys"> <label for="edit-keys"> </label> <input placeholder="Search" autofocus="1" type="text" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="20" maxlength="255" class="form-text"/> </div> <input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit"/><input type="hidden" name="get" value="[]"/> </div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-a9FxqWjmaQE-kS4xiGBaIXE3zVyAbFkXEa6htd32zGA"/> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="apachesolr_search_custom_page_search_form"/> </div></form> </li> <li class="edition"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="icon-us dropdown-toggle" title="Edition"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li> <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-edition="UK">UK Edition </a> </li> <li> <a href="javascript:void(0)" data-edition="US">US Edition <span class="icon-check"></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="account"> <a href="#" class="icon-user dropdown-toggle" title="Account"></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/login">Sign in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/register">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://www.independentsubscriptions.co.uk/" title="">Subscriptions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toggle-menu"> <a href="#" class="icon-menu" title="Toggle menu"></a> </li> </ol> <div id="menu"> <form class="search-form search search" action="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers" method="post" id="search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline search-container search-container form-wrapper" id="edit-basic"><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-keys"> <label for="edit-keys"> </label> <input placeholder="Search" autofocus="1" type="text" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="20" maxlength="255" class="form-text"/> </div> <input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit"/><input type="hidden" name="get" value="[]"/> </div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-a9FxqWjmaQE-kS4xiGBaIXE3zVyAbFkXEa6htd32zGA"/> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="apachesolr_search_custom_page_search_form"/> </div></form> <ul class="topics"><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/us" title="">News</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/topic/us-election-2016" title="">Election 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world" title="">World</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas" title="">US</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk" title="">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe" title="">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people" title="">People</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science" title="">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news" title="">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business" title="">Business</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices" title="">Voices</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment" title="">Comment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/robert-fisk" title="">Robert Fisk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/mark-steel" title="">Mark Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/grace-dent" title="">Grace Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/author/holly-baxter" title="">Holly Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/campaigns" title="">Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/editorials" title="">Editorials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letters/letters-9626866.html" title="">Letters</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport" title="">Sports</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport" title="">US sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football" title="">Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/cricket" title="">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis" title="">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/boxing" title="">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/motor-racing" title="">Formula 1</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment" title="">Culture</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books" title="">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films" title="">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv" title="">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music" title="">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art" title="">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance" title="">Theatre & Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/comedy" title="">Comedy</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style" title="">Lifestyle</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink" title="">Food & drink</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families" title="">Health & families</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/love-sex" title="">Love & sex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring" title="">Motoring</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/student" title="">Student</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel" title="">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion" title="">Fashion</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech" title="">Tech</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/gaming" title="">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features" title="">Tech culture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news" title="">Tech news</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video" title="" class="active-trail">Video</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Explainers" title="" class="active-trail active">Explainer videos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/News" title="">News videos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/People-and-culture" title="">People & culture videos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/video/Sport" title="">Sport videos</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest" title="">IndyBest</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/fashion-beauty" title="">Fashion & Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/house-garden" title="">Homes & Design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/food-drink" title="">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/gadgets-tech" title="">Gadgets & Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/outdoor-activity" title="">Outdoor & Activity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/arts-books" title="">Arts & Books</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/travel" title="">Travel</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/money" title="">Money</a><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/money/health-insurance?icn=axa_nav" title="">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/money/investments/" title="">Investments</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/extras" title="">Extras</a><ul><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/independentbooks" title="">The Independent Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://puzzles.independent.co.uk/" title="">Puzzles</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://www.indy100.com/" title="">indy100</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/marketing/apps" title="">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/ebooks" title="">Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://ijobs.independent.co.uk/" title="">iJobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://dating.independent.co.uk/" title="">Dating</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <ul class="follow"> <li>Follow us:</li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline" target="_blank" title="Facebook" class="icon-facebook"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://twitter.com/independent" target="_blank" title="Twitter" class="icon-twitter"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div id="content"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="ad-leaderboard"> <div id="leaderboard" style="margin: 0 auto 40px;"></div> </div> </div> <div id="cookie-warning"> <a href="#" class="close icon-close" title="OK"></a> <p>We use cookies to enhance your visit to our site and to bring you advertisements that might interest you. Read our <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html">Privacy</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html">Cookie</a> Policies to find out more.</p> </div> <div class="tabs"></div> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="term-listing-heading"> <header class="section-title "> <h1 class="box-title"> <span class="title">Video Explainers</span> <span class="slogan"></span> </h1> </header> <div class="content"> <div class="row" data-tb-region="row-1"><article data-weight="2" class="weight-2"><div class="container grid-mod-story bottom-text grow-photo " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/donald-trump-wins-first-12-hours-muslim-kkk-russia-canadia-immigration-al-qaeda-mexico-palestine-a7408091.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size2/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/09/16/trump-salute.gif');"> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/donald-trump-wins-first-12-hours-muslim-kkk-russia-canadia-immigration-al-qaeda-mexico-palestine-a7408091.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/donald-trump-wins-first-12-hours-muslim-kkk-russia-canadia-immigration-al-qaeda-mexico-palestine-a7408091.html"><span class="media-prefix "></span>12 things that already happened within hours of Donald Trump winning</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>It did not take long for things to change</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"> <div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story " data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/07/11/map.png');"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/electoral-college-how-does-it-work-us-election-day-2016-states-votes-donald-trump-hilalry-clinton-a7404086.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/electoral-college-how-does-it-work-us-election-day-2016-states-votes-donald-trump-hilalry-clinton-a7404086.html">How does the electoral college work in the US election?</a></h1> </div> </div> <div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story " data-tb-region-item="2-2"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/11/06/10/two-days.jpg');"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/when-is-the-us-election-day-results-times-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-date-when-will-we-know-winner-a7403346.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/when-is-the-us-election-day-results-times-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-date-when-will-we-know-winner-a7403346.html">When is the US election 2016? All the UK dates and times</a></h1> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"> <div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story " data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/19/00/money-stack.jpg');"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/pound-sterling-fall-consumer-trade-exchange-dollar-a7388971.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/pound-sterling-fall-consumer-trade-exchange-dollar-a7388971.html">What does the falling pound mean for you?</a></h1> </div> </div> <div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story " data-tb-region-item="3-2"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc" style="background-image: url('https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1/public/thumbnails/image/2015/11/04/12/diwali.jpg');"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/diwali-2016-when-is-it-what-is-it-meaning-why-is-it-celebrated-sikh-hindu-buddhist-a7381606.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/diwali-2016-when-is-it-what-is-it-meaning-why-is-it-celebrated-sikh-hindu-buddhist-a7381606.html">What is Diwali and why is it celebrated?</a></h1> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-2"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/pound-value-brexit-sterling-latest-euro-dollar-flash-crash-currency-exchange-airports-a7349891.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/10/07/10/bureaudechange.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/pound-value-brexit-sterling-latest-euro-dollar-flash-crash-currency-exchange-airports-a7349891.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/pound-value-brexit-sterling-latest-euro-dollar-flash-crash-currency-exchange-airports-a7349891.html">‘Flash crash’ takes sterling below euro at airport currency exchanges</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The crash has accentuated the fall in the value of the sterling since the EU referendum</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/ladislao-jose-biro-google-doodle-celebrates-the-ballpoint-pen-inventor-s-117th-birthday-a7336541.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/28/23/ladislao-biro-argentina-circa-1978.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/ladislao-jose-biro-google-doodle-celebrates-the-ballpoint-pen-inventor-s-117th-birthday-a7336541.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/ladislao-jose-biro-google-doodle-celebrates-the-ballpoint-pen-inventor-s-117th-birthday-a7336541.html">Five facts about ballpoint pen creator Ladislao Jose Biro</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The ballpoint pen was borne after Biro noticed the speed at which newspapers were printed and how quickly the ink dried</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/donald-trump-tax-returns-explained-wont-release-hiding-bombshell-a7324306.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/20/08/trumpthumbs.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/donald-trump-tax-returns-explained-wont-release-hiding-bombshell-a7324306.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections/donald-trump-tax-returns-explained-wont-release-hiding-bombshell-a7324306.html">Why won't Donald Trump release his tax returns?</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>By refusing to release his tax returns, the Republican nominee is breaking with a tradition of transparency that goes back at least 40 years</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ahmad-khan-rahami-everything-we-know-about-new-york-bombing-suspect-a7316346.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/18/09/epa-new-york-explosion-6.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ahmad-khan-rahami-everything-we-know-about-new-york-bombing-suspect-a7316346.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/ahmad-khan-rahami-everything-we-know-about-new-york-bombing-suspect-a7316346.html">Everything we know about the New York bombing suspect</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>US citizen of Afghan descent wanted in connection with bomb that injured 29 people</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-3"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/copenhagen-most-liveable-city-best-places-to-live-list-rankings-a7296096.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/11/04/11/Copenhagen.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/copenhagen-most-liveable-city-best-places-to-live-list-rankings-a7296096.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/copenhagen-most-liveable-city-best-places-to-live-list-rankings-a7296096.html">The world's most liveable cities </a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>No British cities made it onto the rankings, which evaluate cities worldwide </p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hajj-2016-date-when-is-it-mecca-who-goes-is-it-safe-islam-muslims-stampede-2015-a7209676.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/25/16/hajj.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hajj-2016-date-when-is-it-mecca-who-goes-is-it-safe-islam-muslims-stampede-2015-a7209676.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hajj-2016-date-when-is-it-mecca-who-goes-is-it-safe-islam-muslims-stampede-2015-a7209676.html">Hajj 2016: When is the annual Mecca pilgrimage? All you need to know</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>All the key information about the world's largest gathering of people</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/tv-licence-rules-bbc-iplayer-new-rules-cost-how-much-students-pay-a7219621.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/09/01/09/iplayer.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/tv-licence-rules-bbc-iplayer-new-rules-cost-how-much-students-pay-a7219621.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/tv-licence-rules-bbc-iplayer-new-rules-cost-how-much-students-pay-a7219621.html">Everything you need to know about the new TV licence rules</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Students may be covered by their parents’ TV licence if they 'use a device that’s powered solely by its own internal batteries'</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/apple-ordered-to-pay-11bn-in-back-taxes-ireland-european-commission-tax-avoidance-a7216206.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/30/11/apple-ireland.gif"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/apple-ordered-to-pay-11bn-in-back-taxes-ireland-european-commission-tax-avoidance-a7216206.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/apple-ordered-to-pay-11bn-in-back-taxes-ireland-european-commission-tax-avoidance-a7216206.html">Why Apple has been hit with an £11bn tax bill</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Company paid effective corporate rate of 1 per cent on its European profits in 2003 15 – falling to just 0.005 per cent in 2014</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-4"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/notting-hill-carnival-2016-dates-when-is-it-weather-forecast-route-lineup-travel-tube-map-a7211111.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/08/31/22/Notting-Hill-Carnival-2015-Reuters1.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/notting-hill-carnival-2016-dates-when-is-it-weather-forecast-route-lineup-travel-tube-map-a7211111.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/notting-hill-carnival-2016-dates-when-is-it-weather-forecast-route-lineup-travel-tube-map-a7211111.html">Everything you need to know about Notting Hill Carnival 2016</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>More than a million expected at annual celebration of music and multi-culturalism</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-virgin-trains-row-traingate-timeline-what-happened-labour-leadership-election-a7206936.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/24/10/main-image.png"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-virgin-trains-row-traingate-timeline-what-happened-labour-leadership-election-a7206936.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/jeremy-corbyn-virgin-trains-row-traingate-timeline-what-happened-labour-leadership-election-a7206936.html">Jeremy Corbyn 'traingate' timeline: What happened in Virgin train row</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>How events unfolded and all the claims and contradictions</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/central-london-stabbing-latest-live-russell-square-terrorism-a7171221.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/08/04/00/london-stabbing.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/central-london-stabbing-latest-live-russell-square-terrorism-a7171221.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/central-london-stabbing-latest-live-russell-square-terrorism-a7171221.html">One woman dead and five injured in mass stabbing in Russell Square</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p> Met <span style="line-height: 1.6;">detain 19-year-old suspect using Taser as police say they cannot rule out 'terrorism' links</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/who-is-marina-joyce-the-youtuber-whose-videos-led-fans-to-call-police-a7157911.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/07/27/11/screen-shot-2016-07-27-at-11.57.40.png"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/who-is-marina-joyce-the-youtuber-whose-videos-led-fans-to-call-police-a7157911.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/who-is-marina-joyce-the-youtuber-whose-videos-led-fans-to-call-police-a7157911.html">Who is Marina Joyce, the YouTuber whose videos led fans to call police</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Fans have been concerned for her welfare after watching her most recent videos </p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-5"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/andy-murray-rio-2016-tennis-final-mens-when-is-it-how-can-i-watch-it-a7145886.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/07/20/10/andy-murray.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/andy-murray-rio-2016-tennis-final-mens-when-is-it-how-can-i-watch-it-a7145886.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/andy-murray-rio-2016-tennis-final-mens-when-is-it-how-can-i-watch-it-a7145886.html">Everything you need to know about the men's tennis final</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Everything you need to know about the men's tennis final</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/bastille-day-2016-what-is-it-when-france-national-holiday-parade-say-in-french-a7136431.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/07/14/12/reuter-alpha-jets-bastille-day.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/bastille-day-2016-what-is-it-when-france-national-holiday-parade-say-in-french-a7136431.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/bastille-day-2016-what-is-it-when-france-national-holiday-parade-say-in-french-a7136431.html">What is Bastille Day and why is it a national holiday in France?</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>On July 14 1789, just under a thousand Parisians stormed the Bastille prison releasing its seven inmates</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-explained-what-is-eu-referendum-britain-uk-voters-polls-results-a7100411.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/06/24/10/brexit.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-explained-what-is-eu-referendum-britain-uk-voters-polls-results-a7100411.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-explained-what-is-eu-referendum-britain-uk-voters-polls-results-a7100411.html">Brexit: 5 things we learned from a night that shook Europe</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The United Kingdom is a country divided, and may not be a country for long</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-referendum-leave-article-50-lisbon-treaty-a7100436.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/02/20/16/David-Cameron-Tusk-REUT_0.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-referendum-leave-article-50-lisbon-treaty-a7100436.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-referendum-leave-article-50-lisbon-treaty-a7100436.html">Why the EU's Article 50 process is deliberately vague</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">There is no timescale or mention of when to trigger the mechanism for an exit after a referendum, leaving many politicians worried about a long period of uncertainty</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-6"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-referendum-what-happens-now-immigration-economy-recession-holidays-a7097881.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/06/24/05/c.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-referendum-what-happens-now-immigration-economy-recession-holidays-a7097881.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-eu-referendum-what-happens-now-immigration-economy-recession-holidays-a7097881.html">6 ways Britain leaving the EU will affect you</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Our Chief Political Commentator looks at what the vote to Leave means in practice in the next few days</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/10-things-you-should-ask-for-on-your-next-flight-a7085886.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/08/25/20/flight-attendant.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/10-things-you-should-ask-for-on-your-next-flight-a7085886.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/10-things-you-should-ask-for-on-your-next-flight-a7085886.html">10 things you should ask for on your next flight</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Certain things are free if you ask</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-net-migration-to-uk-rises-to-333000-new-figures-reveal-a7049521.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/05/23/19/border-control-immigration-getty.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-net-migration-to-uk-rises-to-333000-new-figures-reveal-a7049521.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-net-migration-to-uk-rises-to-333000-new-figures-reveal-a7049521.html">Net migration to UK rises to 333,000</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p><span style="line-height: 20.8px;">The Office for National Statistics data is likely to spark fierce debate among Brexit campaigners</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/night-tube-start-date-london-underground-all-night-service-to-start-in-august-a7042941.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/05/15/23/london-underground-pa.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/night-tube-start-date-london-underground-all-night-service-to-start-in-august-a7042941.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/night-tube-start-date-london-underground-all-night-service-to-start-in-august-a7042941.html">London Underground confirms night tube will start in August</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Central and Victoria lines will start first followed by the Piccadilly, Jubilee and Northern lines in the autumn</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-7"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/what-you-are-not-allowed-to-call-kim-jong-un-when-visiting-north-korea-a7019761.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/04/24/10/north-korea-kim.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/what-you-are-not-allowed-to-call-kim-jong-un-when-visiting-north-korea-a7019761.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/what-you-are-not-allowed-to-call-kim-jong-un-when-visiting-north-korea-a7019761.html">What you are not allowed to call Kim Jong-un when visiting North Korea</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>And don't even think about calling it '<span style="line-height: 20.8px;">the hermit kingdom'</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-elections-2016-results-key-points-conservatives-labour-snp-scotland-england-wales-a7016046.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/05/06/07/ruth-davidson-pa.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-elections-2016-results-key-points-conservatives-labour-snp-scotland-england-wales-a7016046.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-elections-2016-results-key-points-conservatives-labour-snp-scotland-england-wales-a7016046.html">The key points from the UK election results explained</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Jeremy Corbyn's party fared better in England, where it held onto many councils it was predicted to lose</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/why-isnt-the-killing-of-15-million-armenians-officially-called-a-genocide-a6999861.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2014/11/30/20/Armenian-Genocide.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/why-isnt-the-killing-of-15-million-armenians-officially-called-a-genocide-a6999861.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/why-isnt-the-killing-of-15-million-armenians-officially-called-a-genocide-a6999861.html">Why isn't the killing of 1.5 million Armenians officially called a 'ge</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The Big Question: The killings have been described as the 'first mass atrocity of the 20th Century' by President Obama</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-the-verdict-on-both-sides-of-the-campaign-you-can-t-believe-either-of-them-a6999166.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/04/24/19/remain.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-the-verdict-on-both-sides-of-the-campaign-you-can-t-believe-either-of-them-a6999166.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/eu-referendum-the-verdict-on-both-sides-of-the-campaign-you-can-t-believe-either-of-them-a6999166.html">Verdict on both sides of EU campaign: you can’t believe either of them</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Oliver Wright chronicles the damning report from the independent fact-checking organisation ‘Full Fact' and academic initiative The UK in a Changing Europe.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-8"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/panama-papers-what-are-they-who-is-involved-and-why-are-they-important-illegal-legal-tax-avoidance-a6967176.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/04/04/09/panama.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/panama-papers-what-are-they-who-is-involved-and-why-are-they-important-illegal-legal-tax-avoidance-a6967176.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/panama-papers-what-are-they-who-is-involved-and-why-are-they-important-illegal-legal-tax-avoidance-a6967176.html">What are the Panama Papers?</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Heads of state, politicians and celebrities are among those named in leaked files exposing ownership of offshore accounts</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/brussels-attacks-what-happened-everything-we-know-on-wednesday-a6947346.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/03/23/07/Belgian-police-Maalbeek.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/brussels-attacks-what-happened-everything-we-know-on-wednesday-a6947346.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/brussels-attacks-what-happened-everything-we-know-on-wednesday-a6947346.html">What do we know about the attackers? Everything we know so far</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p><span style="line-height: 23.1111px;">This article will be updated as more information becomes available</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/pets/news/eating-chocolate-regularly-improves-brain-function-according-to-new-study-a6888701.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/01/12/12/dark_chocolate_Rex.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/pets/news/eating-chocolate-regularly-improves-brain-function-according-to-new-study-a6888701.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/property/house-and-home/pets/news/eating-chocolate-regularly-improves-brain-function-according-to-new-study-a6888701.html">Eating chocolate regularly ‘improves brain function’ </a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Habitual chocolate intake has been positively associated with cognitive performance in the study </p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport/national-football-league/superbowl-50-for-dummies-american-football-explained-nfl-a6849076.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/02/02/15/Super-Bowl-50.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport/national-football-league/superbowl-50-for-dummies-american-football-explained-nfl-a6849076.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport/national-football-league/superbowl-50-for-dummies-american-football-explained-nfl-a6849076.html">Super Bowl 2016 for dummies: American football explained</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>The NFL can be complicated - let us explain</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-9"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/winter-storm-jonas-seven-ways-to-survive-the-us-blizzard-a6827456.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/01/22/13/storm-jonas.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/winter-storm-jonas-seven-ways-to-survive-the-us-blizzard-a6827456.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/winter-storm-jonas-seven-ways-to-survive-the-us-blizzard-a6827456.html">Seven ways to survive Storm Jonas</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Having a flashlight is essential in case of a black out.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/01/19/17/India-famine.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html">5 of the worst atrocities carried out by the British Empire</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>A YouGov poll found 43 per cent of Brits thought the British Empire was a good thing, while 44 per cent were proud of Britain's history of colonialism</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/what-humans-may-look-like-in-the-future-webbed-toes-fewer-teeth-and-extra-eyelids-a6811526.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/01/14/10/webbedfeet-crop.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/what-humans-may-look-like-in-the-future-webbed-toes-fewer-teeth-and-extra-eyelids-a6811526.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/what-humans-may-look-like-in-the-future-webbed-toes-fewer-teeth-and-extra-eyelids-a6811526.html">What humans may look like in the future: webbed toes and extra eyelids</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>‘No matter what scenario we might find ourselves in the future, whether it is a water world, a second ice age or colonising another planet; humans will always try to avoid extinction. Ultimately, it is a fight for survival.’</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/north-korea-bomb-test-what-s-the-difference-between-a-hydrogen-and-an-atomic-bomb-and-why-is-it-so-a6798571.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2016/01/06/09/bomb.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/north-korea-bomb-test-what-s-the-difference-between-a-hydrogen-and-an-atomic-bomb-and-why-is-it-so-a6798571.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/north-korea-bomb-test-what-s-the-difference-between-a-hydrogen-and-an-atomic-bomb-and-why-is-it-so-a6798571.html">Why exactly North Korea having a hydrogen bomb is so worrying</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>North Korea has announced that it has tested a hydrogen bomb for the first time. It has run nuclear tests in the past — but the international reaction has been much more panicked this time than before.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-10"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/year-in-review-2015-s-most-important-numbers-a6783401.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/12/22/17/hebdo1.JPG"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/year-in-review-2015-s-most-important-numbers-a6783401.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/year-in-review-2015-s-most-important-numbers-a6783401.html">Year in review: 2015’s most important numbers</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Remarkable facts and figures from the past 12 months</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/how-to-wrap-christmas-presents-with-challenging-shapes-a6763531.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/12/07/14/Xmas.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/how-to-wrap-christmas-presents-with-challenging-shapes-a6763531.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/how-to-wrap-christmas-presents-with-challenging-shapes-a6763531.html">Video guide to neatly wrapping all your Christmas gifts</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Wrapping made easy.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-examining-his-first-100-days-as-labour-leader-a6780806.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-cr lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/12/20/20/8-Corbyn-PA.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-examining-his-first-100-days-as-labour-leader-a6780806.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-examining-his-first-100-days-as-labour-leader-a6780806.html">Examining Jeremy Corbyn's first 100 days as Labour leader</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Mr Corbyn's first 100 days have been marked by media ‘scandals’ and sniping in the party</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/what-is-a-pantomime-snow-white-explains-the-history-behind-this-christmas-tradition-a6769311.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/12/11/12/panto1.JPG"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/what-is-a-pantomime-snow-white-explains-the-history-behind-this-christmas-tradition-a6769311.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/what-is-a-pantomime-snow-white-explains-the-history-behind-this-christmas-tradition-a6769311.html">What is a pantomime? ‘The history behind this Christmas tradition</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>A London-based actor sheds light on how the genre became a holiday staple</p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div><div class="row" data-tb-region="row-11"><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-holborn-tube-new-underground-escalator-rules-a6750261.html" data-tb-region-item="1-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/11/25/12/Tube_feet_escalator_GETTY.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-holborn-tube-new-underground-escalator-rules-a6750261.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-holborn-tube-new-underground-escalator-rules-a6750261.html">Can Londoners deal with new Underground escalator rules? – we find out</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>We block Londoners from zooming down the left-hand side of the escalator to see if people can deal with the new system at Holborn station</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/how-to-survive-a-plane-emergency-pay-attention-to-the-safety-briefing-a6748666.html" data-tb-region-item="2-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/11/25/16/Capture1.JPG"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/how-to-survive-a-plane-emergency-pay-attention-to-the-safety-briefing-a6748666.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/how-to-survive-a-plane-emergency-pay-attention-to-the-safety-briefing-a6748666.html">How to survive a plane emergency - pay attention to safety briefing</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>On 31 October, 224 people lost their lives when a Russian charter flight from Sharm el-Sheikh to St Petersburg crashed. Like high-profile aviation disasters last year involving Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia, disaster struck at altitude. The tragic sequence may create the impression that an inflight emergency is invariable fatal and therefore paying attention to the safety briefing is a waste of time.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/thanksgiving-what-is-turkey-day-and-the-history-behind-it-a6744796.html" data-tb-region-item="3-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/11/23/09/cartoon.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/thanksgiving-what-is-turkey-day-and-the-history-behind-it-a6744796.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/thanksgiving-what-is-turkey-day-and-the-history-behind-it-a6744796.html">Thanksgiving: When is Turkey Day and what's the history behind it?</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p>In 1621, a group of English separatists and Native Americans shared a meal near Plymouth Rock, establishing the Thanksgiving tradition that is celebrated across the US today. But now, the holiday is more about sport and socialising – and an American author and her English daughter explain why</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><article data-weight="1" class="weight-1"><div class="container-half grid-mod-half-story grid-mod-half-height " data-url="/web/20161118231607oe_/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-attacks-the-eight-terror-suspects-named-so-far-all-have-eu-passports-a6738821.html" data-tb-region-item="4-1"> <div class="image_wrapper"> <div class="image image-align-tc lazy" data-original="https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/styles/size1_half/public/thumbnails/image/2015/11/15/13/Paris-Attacks-Passport-Ahmad-Al-Mohammad.jpg"> <span class="icon-play medium"></span> <a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-attacks-the-eight-terror-suspects-named-so-far-all-have-eu-passports-a6738821.html"></a> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="capsules" data-capsule-count="0"> <ul> <li class="shares"> <span class="icon-trending"></span> <span class="label"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <h1><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/paris-attacks-the-eight-terror-suspects-named-so-far-all-have-eu-passports-a6738821.html">Eight Paris terror attack suspects named so far all have EU passports</a></h1> <div class="lead"> <p><span style="line-height: 23.1111px;">Several of the suspects lived in the Brussels neighbourhood of Molenbeek</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="mastfooter" tynt-data="no-content"> <div class="stamp"></div> <ul class="follow"> <li>Follow us:</li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://www.facebook.com/TheIndependentOnline" target="_blank" title="Facebook" class="icon-facebook"></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://twitter.com/independent" target="_blank" title="Twitter" class="icon-twitter"></a> </li> </ul> <ul class="links"><li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/user-policies-a6184151.html" title="">User Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/privacy-policy-a6184181.html" title="">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/cookie-policy-a6184186.html" title="">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/code-of-conduct-a6184241.html" title="">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://independentnews.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/requests/new" title="">Complaint Form</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/contact-us-759589.html" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/service/external-contributors-policy-7905982.html" title="">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/topics-list" title="">All Topics</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/archive" title="">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/register" title="">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://independentjobs.independent.co.uk/" title="">Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://www.independentsubscriptions.co.uk/" title="">Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://esimedia.co.uk/" title="">Advertising Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://syndication.independent.co.uk/" title="">Syndication</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.standard.co.uk/" title="">Evening Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://en.novayagazeta.ru/" title="">Novaya Gazeta</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.independent.co.uk/marketing/apps/" title="">Install our Apps</a></li> </ul> </footer> <div id="outofpageslot"> </div> <div id="teadsib"> </div> <div id="znaptag" tynt-data="no-content"> </div> <div id="thirdparty01"> </div> </div> <!-- PRE FOOTER INLINE --> <script>(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i["GoogleAnalyticsObject"]=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)})(window,document,"script","//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js","ga");ga("create", "UA-27212627-1", {"cookieDomain":"auto"});ga("set", "anonymizeIp", true);ga("send", "pageview"); ; </script> <!-- PAGE BOTTOM --> <div class="region region-page-bottom"> <!-- SiteCatalyst code version: h.27.5. Copyright 1996-2016 Adobe, Inc. --> <script type="text/javascript" src="//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://www.independent.co.uk/sites/all/libraries/sitecatalyst/ind_am_code.js?ognpm1"></script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- s.hier1="video,Explainers"; s.channel="video"; s.prop1="video:Explainers"; s.prop2=""; s.prop8="Video Explainers Frontpage"; s.pageName="video\/Explainers\/home"; s.prop18="New Site"; s.prop6=""; s.prop7=""; s.server="www.independent.co.uk"; /************* DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ! **************/ var s_code=s.t();if(s_code)document.write(s_code)//--></script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- if(navigator.appVersion.indexOf('MSIE')>=0)document.write(unescape('%3C')+'\!-'+'-') //--></script> <noscript><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/http://independent.122.2o7.net/b/ss/indepdev/1/H.27.5--NS/0?[AQB]&cdp=3&[AQE]/8103930" height="1" width="1" alt=""></noscript> <!--/DO NOT REMOVE/--> <!-- End SiteCatalyst code version: h.27.5. --> <div class="adblock-modal adblock" style="display: none;"> <aside class="adblock-notice"> <div class="ctrl"><button class="close" data-action="close">Close</button></div> <h2><span class="logo"></span></h2> <div class="adblock-container main"> <div class="content"> <p><strong>We've noticed that you are using an ad blocker.</strong></p> <p>Advertising helps fund our journalism and keep it truly independent. It helps to build our international editorial team, from war correspondents to investigative reporters, commentators to critics.</p> <div class="content-section"> <p><a data-toggle="instructions" href="javascript:void(0);">Click here to view instructions</a> on how to disable your ad blocker, and help us to keep providing you with free-thinking journalism - for free.</p> <p>Thank you for your support.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="adblock-container instructions"> <p><strong>How to disable your ad blocker for <span class="site-url">independent.co.uk</span></strong></p> <h3 class="ad-block-icon"> Adblock / Adblock Plus</h3> <ul> <li>Click the Adblock/Adblock Plus icon, which is to the right of your address bar.</li> <li>On Adblock click "Don't run on pages on this domain".</li> <li>On Adblock Plus click "Enabled on this site" to disable ad blocking for the current website you are on. If you are in Firefox click "disable on <span class="site-url">independent.co.uk</span>".</li> </ul> <h3 class="firefox-icon">Firefox Tracking Protection</h3> <ul> <li>If you are Private Browsing in Firefox, "Tracking Protection" may cause the adblock notice to show. It can be temporarily disabled by clicking the "shield" icon in the address bar.</li> </ul> <h3 class="ghostery-icon">Ghostery</h3> <ul> <li>Click the Ghostery icon.</li> <li>In versions before 6.0 click "whitelist site".</li> <li>In version 6.0 click "trust site" or add <span class="site-url">independent.co.uk</span> to your Trusted Site list.</li> <li>In versions before 6.0 you will see the message "Site is whitelisted".</li> <li>Click "reload the page to see your changes".</li> </ul> <h3 class="ublock-icon">uBlock</h3> <ul> <li>Click the uBlock icon.</li> <li>Then click the big power button to whitelist the current web site, and its state will be remembered next time you visit the web site.</li> <li>Then reload the page.</li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="adblock-modal adblock-confirm" style="display: none;"> <aside class="adblock-notice"> <div class="ctrl"><button class="close" data-action="close">Close</button></div> <h2><span class="logo"></span></h2> <div class="adblock-container main"> <div class="content"> <p>Thank you for supporting <span class="site-url">independent.co.uk</span></p> </div> <button data-action="close">Continue to our site</button> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <!-- POST FOOTER INLINE --> <script>window.jQuery || document.write("<script src='/sites/all/modules/contrib/jquery_update/replace/jquery/2.1/jquery.min.js'>\x3C/script>") ; document.createElement( "picture" ); ; //Add js: Temp inskin grid recalculate patch jQuery(function(){ function show_inskin(){ Drupal.behaviors.grid.recalculate(); window.setTimeout( show_inskin, 1000 ); }; window.setTimeout( show_inskin, 1000 ); }); ; //Add js: jQuery Alias var $ = jQuery; ; //Add js: Check for Iframed pages (function () { var topParent = window.top.location.href, parent = window.parent.location.href, combi = topParent + " - " + parent; if (topParent != parent) { console.log(combi); ga('send', 'event', 'iFramer', combi); } })(); ; //Add js: PageFair AdBlock Detection (function() { function async_load(script_url){ var protocol = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://'); var s = document.createElement('script'); s.src = protocol + script_url; var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(s, x); } bm_website_code = '50DD925A1FA64A66'; jQuery(document).ready(function(){async_load('asset.pagefair.com/measure.min.js')}); jQuery(document).ready(function(){async_load('asset.pagefair.net/ads.min.js')}); })(); ; jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, { "themeName": "independent_theme" }); ; jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, { "s_account": "indepdev" }); ; (function() { function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt = (new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_mab.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); ; (function($) { var test = document.createElement('div'); test.innerHTML = ' '; test.className = 'adsbox'; function detectOnload(){ document.body.appendChild(test); if (test.offsetHeight === 0) { document.body.classList.add('adblock'); $('body').trigger('AdblockDetected'); // add GA Events if defined if(typeof ga !== 'undefined'){ ga('send', 'event', 'Adblock', 'Blocked', location.href); } } else { $('body').trigger('AdblockNotDetected'); // add GA Events if defined if(typeof ga !== 'undefined'){ ga('send', 'event', 'Adblock', 'Unblocked', location.href); } // Old var should be depricat4d but used elsewhere window.runAds = true; } test.remove(); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? detectOnload : function() { oldonload(); detectOnload(); }; }) (jQuery); ; (function($) { $('body').on('AdblockDetected', function() { // check for mobile with helper if (typeof window.helper.isMobile !== 'undefined' && !window.helper.isMobile.any()){ var adblock_cookie = window.helper.getCookie('adblock_detected'); if (adblock_cookie !== 'ignored'){ $('.adblock.adblock-modal').css('display', 'block').appendTo('body'); window.helper.createCookie('adblock_detected', 'detected', 1); $('.adblock-modal [data-action="close"]').click(function(e){ window.helper.createCookie('adblock_detected', 'ignored', 30); $('.adblock-modal').remove(); }); $( window ).resize(function() { var height = $(window).height(); var container = $('.adblock-modal .adblock-container').filter(':visible'); container.height('auto'); container.css('overflow-y', ''); if (container.height() > $(window).height() - 190){ container.height($(window).height() - 190); container.css('overflow-y', 'scroll'); } }); $(window).trigger('resize'); } } }); }) (jQuery); ; (function($) { $('body').on('AdblockNotDetected', function() { var adblock_cookie = window.helper.getCookie('adblock_detected'); if (adblock_cookie) { $('.adblock-confirm.adblock-modal').css('display', 'block').appendTo('body'); window.helper.deleteCookie('adblock_detected'); if(typeof ga !== 'undefined'){ ga('send', 'event', 'AdblockDisabled', 'Disabled', location.href); } $('.adblock-modal [data-action="close"]').click(function(e){ $('.adblock-modal').remove(); }); }; }); }) (jQuery); ; var openXSettings = {"networkcode":"71347885-independent","publisher":"esimedia"}; ; window.__gigyaConf = {sessionExpiration: -2,} ; window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push({category:"auto"}); !function (e, f, u) { e.async = 1; e.src = u; f.parentNode.insertBefore(e, f); }(document.createElement("script"), document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0], "//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/eslmedia-theindependent/loader.js"); ; window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push({flush: true}); ; ga('send', 'event', 'Replatform', 'pageview', location.href); ; ga('send', 'event', 'Page Type', pageType, location.href); ; (function(){var a=document,b=a.createElement("script"),a=a.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.type="text/javascript";b.async=!0;b.src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://z.moatads.com/eveningstandard858kBFE49/moatcontent.js";a.parentNode.insertBefore(b,a)})(); ; jQuery(function() { ga('create', 'UA-69936242-1', 'auto', 'combined'); ga('combined.send', 'pageview'); }); </script> <!-- COMSCORE --> <!-- Begin comScore Tag --> <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "10476312" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607im_/https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=10476312&cv=2.0&cj=1"/> </noscript> <!-- End comScore Tag --> <!-- QUBIT --> <div id="overlay"></div> <!-- BEGIN Krux Control Tag for "Independent" --> <!-- Source: /snippet/controltag?confid=I8gY_o93&site=Independent&edit=1 --> <script class="kxct" data-id="I8gY_o93" data-timing="async" data-version="1.9" type="text/javascript"> window.Krux || ((Krux = function() { Krux.q.push(arguments) }).q = []); (function() { var k = document.createElement('script'); k.type = 'text/javascript'; k.async = true; var m, src = (m = location.href.match(/\bkxsrc=([^&]+)/)) && decodeURIComponent(m[1]); k.src = /^https?:\/\/([^\/]+\.)?krxd\.net(:\d{1,5})?\//i.test(src) ? src : src === "disable" ? "" : (location.protocol === "https:" ? "https:" : "http:") + "//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://cdn.krxd.net/controltag?confid=I8gY_o93"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(k, s); }()); </script> <!-- END Krux Controltag --> <!-- Sherlock Tag --> <script>var js_loaded=false;</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/https://stag.mdotlabs.com/ads.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/https://stag.mdotlabs.com/sherlock.php?clientID=6035250"></script> <!-- End Sherlock Tag --> <!-- Sailthru Horizon --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { function loadHorizon() { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = location.protocol + '//web.archive.org/web/20161118231607/http://ak.sail-horizon.com/horizon/v1.js'; var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.parentNode.insertBefore(s, x); } loadHorizon(); var oldOnLoad = window.onload; window.onload = function() { if (typeof oldOnLoad === 'function') { oldOnLoad(); } Sailthru.setup({ domain: 'horizon.e.independent.co.uk', useStoredTags: false }); }; })(); </script> <!-- End Sailthru Horizon --> <!-- Affiliate Network JS --> <!-- Begin BlueKai Tag --> <iframe name="__bkframe" height="0" width="0" frameborder="0" style="display:none;position:absolute;clip:rect(0px 0px 0px 0px)" src="about:blank"></iframe> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118231607js_/http://tags.bkrtx.com/js/bk-coretag.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> bk_addPageCtx('video', 'explainers'); bk_doJSTag(37716, 10); </script> <!-- End BlueKai Tag --> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 23:16:07 Nov 18, 2016 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 11:37:12 Nov 25, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.455 exclusion.robots: 0.023 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.015 esindex: 0.008 cdx.remote: 27.735 LoadShardBlock: 111.979 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 103.549 (4) load_resource: 121.517 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 72.099 -->