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Potenciometrie – Wikipedie
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Je dostupný v 14 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenciometria" title="Potenciometria – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potenciometria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometrie" title="Potentiometrie – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Potentiometrie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenciometr%C3%ADa" title="Potenciometría – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potenciometría" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiom%C3%A9trie" title="Potentiométrie – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potentiométrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պոտենցիալաչափություն – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոտենցիալաչափություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenziometria" title="Potenziometria – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potenziometria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Потенциометрия – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Потенциометрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Потенциометрия – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Потенциометрия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometrie" title="Potentiometrie – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Potentiometrie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencjometria" title="Potencjometria – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potencjometria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenciometria" title="Potenciometria – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potenciometria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Потенциометрия – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Потенциометрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Потенціометрія – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Потенціометрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometriya" title="Potentiometriya – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Potentiometriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint ambox labelced labelced-page labelced-page-type-content ambox-content plainlinks"> <div class="labelced_message"><div class="labelced_image ambox-image mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/48px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/72px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/96px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></span></span></div> <div class="labelced_message_inner"> <div class="labelced_message_headline ambox-text">Tento článek není dostatečně <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Uv%C3%A1d%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_zdroj%C5%AF" title="Wikipedie:Uvádění zdrojů">ozdrojován</a>, a může tedy obsahovat informace, které je třeba <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Ov%C4%9B%C5%99itelnost" title="Wikipedie:Ověřitelnost">ověřit</a>.</div> <div class="labelced_message_text hide-when-compact ambox-text">Jste-li s popisovaným předmětem seznámeni, pomozte doložit uvedená tvrzení doplněním <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Reference_ve_Vizu%C3%A1ln%C3%ADm_editoru" title="Nápověda:Reference ve Vizuálním editoru">referencí</a> na <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:V%C4%9Brohodn%C3%A9_zdroje" title="Wikipedie:Věrohodné zdroje">věrohodné zdroje</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Potenciometrie</b> je <a href="/wiki/Elektrochemie" title="Elektrochemie">elektrochemická</a> <a href="/wiki/Analytick%C3%A1_chemie" title="Analytická chemie">analytická</a> metoda založená na měření <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rovnov%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%A9_nap%C4%9Bt%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rovnovážné napětí (stránka neexistuje)">rovnovážného napětí</a> (elektromotorického napětí) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrochemick%C3%BD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrochemický článek (stránka neexistuje)">článku</a>, který je složen z měrné (indikační) a srovnávací (referentní) elektrody. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Elektrický potenciál">Elektrický potenciál</a> měrné elektrody závisí na <a href="/wiki/Koncentrace_(chemie)" title="Koncentrace (chemie)">koncentraci</a> stanovované látky, potenciál srovnávací elektrody je konstantní. Rovnovážné napětí, které je rozdílem těchto dvou potenciálů, je mírou koncentrace sledované látky. Elektrody se v potenciometrii rozdělují podle dvou hledisek: </p> <ol><li>Podle stálosti jejich potenciálu <ul><li>indikační</li> <li>srovnávací</li></ul></li> <li>Podle mechanismu ustavení jejich potenciálu <ul><li>elektrody I., II. a III. druhu</li> <li>iontově selektivní (membránové) elektrody</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Přímá_potenciometrie"><span id="P.C5.99.C3.ADm.C3.A1_potenciometrie"></span>Přímá potenciometrie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Přímá potenciometrie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Přímá potenciometrie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Přímou potenciometrií</b> lze stanovit koncentraci daných iontů pomocí odpovídající selektivní elektrody. Jako měrná elektroda se většinou používá <b>skleněná</b>, jako referentní <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argentochloridov%C3%A1_elektroda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argentochloridová elektroda (stránka neexistuje)">argentochloridová</a></b>. Ze změřeného napětí článku se přímo určí obsah stanovované složky. </p><p>K měření se používají <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometr_(chemie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potenciometr (chemie) (stránka neexistuje)">potenciometry</a>, jejichž poddruhem je i pH metr. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potenciometrická_titrace"><span id="Potenciometrick.C3.A1_titrace"></span>Potenciometrická titrace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Potenciometrická titrace" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Potenciometrická titrace"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pomocí <b>potenciometrické titrace</b> se hledá <a href="/wiki/Bod_ekvivalence" title="Bod ekvivalence">bod ekvivalence</a>. Měří se při ní rovnovážné napětí článku po každém přídavku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odm%C4%9Brn%C3%BD_roztok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odměrný roztok (stránka neexistuje)">odměrného roztoku</a> a z naměřených hodnot se poté sestavuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titra%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_k%C5%99ivka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titrační křivka (stránka neexistuje)">titrační křivka</a>. Potenciometrická titrace je použitelná pro všechny typy titrací. </p><p>Referentní elektroda článku bývá nejčastěji <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merkurosulf%C3%A1tov%C3%A1_elektroda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merkurosulfátová elektroda (stránka neexistuje)">merkurosulfátová</a></b>, typ měrné elektrody závisí na druhu titrace: </p> <ul><li><b>neutralizační titrace</b> – <a href="/wiki/Sklen%C4%9Bn%C3%A1_elektroda" title="Skleněná elektroda">skleněná elektroda</a></li> <li><b>srážecí titrace</b> – <a href="/wiki/St%C5%99%C3%ADbrn%C3%A1_elektroda" title="Stříbrná elektroda">stříbrná elektroda</a> v <a href="/wiki/Argentometrie" title="Argentometrie">argentometrii</a>, iontově selektivní elektroda</li> <li><b>komplexotvorná titrace</b> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iontov%C4%9B_selektivn%C3%AD_elektroda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iontově selektivní elektroda (stránka neexistuje)">iontově selektivní elektroda</a></li> <li><b>redoxní titrace</b> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinov%C3%A1_redoxn%C3%AD_elektroda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinová redoxní elektroda (stránka neexistuje)">platinová redoxní elektroda</a></li></ul> <p>Titrace se většinou provádí ručně, avšak existují i <b>automatické titrátory</b>, které po titraci i samy sestrojí titrační křivku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nernstova_rovnice" title="Nernstova rovnice">Nernstova rovnice</a></li></ul> <table class="plainlinks metadata noprint pahyl" cellpadding="2" style="background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pahýl"><img alt="Pahýl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption>Pahýl</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pah%C3%BDl" title="Wikipedie:Pahýl">postrádá důležité informace</a>.<br />Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně <a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potenciometrie&action=edit">rozšíříte</a>. 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