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Alexandre II (roi d'Écosse) — Wikipédia

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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Période_de_paix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Période de paix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Période_de_paix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidation_du_royaume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidation_du_royaume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consolidation du royaume</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consolidation_du_royaume-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Consolidation du royaume</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Consolidation_du_royaume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relations_avec_l&#039;Église" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_avec_l&#039;Église"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Relations avec l'Église</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_avec_l&#039;Église-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dans_le_nord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dans_le_nord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dans le nord</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dans_le_nord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dans_l&#039;ouest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dans_l&#039;ouest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Dans l'ouest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dans_l&#039;ouest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unions_et_postérité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unions_et_postérité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unions et postérité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unions_et_postérité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ascendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ascendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> (roi d'Écosse)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 53 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleixandre_II_d%27Escocia" title="Aleixandre II d&#039;Escocia – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aleixandre II d&#039;Escocia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_Scotta_Cyning" title="Alexander II Scotta Cyning – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alexander II Scotta Cyning" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ألكسندر الثاني من إسكتلندا – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندر الثاني من إسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="الكسندر التانى من اسكتلندا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكسندر التانى من اسكتلندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="ایکینجی الکساندر (ایسکاتلند) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی الکساندر (ایسکاتلند)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_II_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%96)" title="Аляксандр II (кароль Шатландыі) – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляксандр II (кароль Шатландыі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_II_(%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Александър II (Шотландия) – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александър II (Шотландия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alesant_II_(Bro-Skos)" title="Alesant II (Bro-Skos) – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alesant II (Bro-Skos)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_II_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Alexandre II d&#039;Escòcia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexandre II d&#039;Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_II._Skotsk%C3%BD" title="Alexandr II. Skotský – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandr II. Skotský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II,_brenin_yr_Alban" title="Alexander II, brenin yr Alban – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alexander II, brenin yr Alban" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_2._af_Skotland" title="Alexander 2. af Skotland – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alexander 2. af Skotland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II._(Schottland)" title="Alexander II. (Schottland) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexander II. (Schottland)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αλέξανδρος Β΄ της Σκωτίας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλέξανδρος Β΄ της Σκωτίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Scotland" title="Alexander II of Scotland – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alexander II of Scotland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandro_la_2-a_(Skotlando)" title="Aleksandro la 2-a (Skotlando) – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aleksandro la 2-a (Skotlando)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_II_de_Escocia" title="Alejandro II de Escocia – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alejandro II de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II" title="Alexander II – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alexander II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandro_II.a_Eskoziakoa" title="Alexandro II.a Eskoziakoa – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alexandro II.a Eskoziakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الکساندر دوم، پادشاه اسکاتلند – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الکساندر دوم، پادشاه اسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksanteri_II_(Skotlanti)" title="Aleksanteri II (Skotlanti) – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksanteri II (Skotlanti)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasdair_II_na_hAlban" title="Alasdair II na hAlban – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alasdair II na hAlban" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasdair_II_na_h-Alba" title="Alasdair II na h-Alba – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alasdair II na h-Alba" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_II_de_Escocia" title="Alexandre II de Escocia – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alexandre II de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="אלכסנדר השני, מלך סקוטלנד – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדר השני, מלך סקוטלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A5%A8_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE)" title="एलेक्ज़ेंडर २ (स्कॉटलैंड के राजा) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एलेक्ज़ेंडर २ (स्कॉटलैंड के राजा)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_II._%C5%A0kotski" title="Aleksandar II. Škotski – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aleksandar II. Škotski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._S%C3%A1ndor_sk%C3%B3t_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Sándor skót király – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Sándor skót király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80_II_(%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80)" title="Ալեքսանդր II (Շոտլանդիայի թագավոր) – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալեքսանդր II (Շոտլանդիայի թագավոր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_dari_Skotlandia" title="Alexander II dari Skotlandia – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alexander II dari Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_2._Skotakonungur" title="Alexander 2. Skotakonungur – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alexander 2. Skotakonungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_II_di_Scozia" title="Alessandro II di Scozia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alessandro II di Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC2%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)" title="アレグザンダー2世 (スコットランド王) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレグザンダー2世 (スコットランド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_II_(%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ალექსანდრე II (შოტლანდია) – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდრე II (შოტლანდია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%8D%94_2%EC%84%B8_(%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C)" title="알렉산더 2세 (스코틀랜드) – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산더 2세 (스코틀랜드)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_(rex_Scotiae)" title="Alexander II (rex Scotiae) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alexander II (rex Scotiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_van_Schotland" title="Alexander II van Schotland – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexander II van Schotland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_II_av_Skottland" title="Aleksander II av Skottland – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aleksander II av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander_II_(kr%C3%B3l_Szkocji)" title="Aleksander II (król Szkocji) – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksander II (król Szkocji)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_II_da_Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Alexandre II da Escócia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexandre II da Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_al_II-lea_al_Sco%C8%9Biei" title="Alexandru al II-lea al Scoției – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexandru al II-lea al Scoției" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_II_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Александр II (король Шотландии) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Александр II (король Шотландии)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_o_Scotland" title="Alexander II o Scotland – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alexander II o Scotland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_od_%C5%A0kotske" title="Alexander II od Škotske – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alexander II od Škotske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_II_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Александар II Шкотски – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александар II Шкотски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_av_Skottland" title="Alexander II av Skottland – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexander II av Skottland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Alaxandair" title="II. Alaxandair – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Alaxandair" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_II_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97)" title="Олександр II (король Шотландії) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олександр II (король Шотландії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_c%E1%BB%A7a_Scotland" title="Alexander II của Scotland – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alexander II của Scotland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%EF%BC%89" title="亚历山大二世(苏格兰) – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚历山大二世(苏格兰)" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="亚历山大二世 (苏格兰) – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚历山大二世 (苏格兰)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_2-s%C3%A8_(So%CD%98-kat-l%C3%A2n)" title="Alexander 2-sè (So͘-kat-lân) – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alexander 2-sè (So͘-kat-lân)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD)" title="亞歷山大二世 (蘇格蘭) – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞歷山大二世 (蘇格蘭)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q237889#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_II" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexandre II">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#000080;color:#FFF;">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Alexander_II_(Alba)_i.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_i.JPG/220px-Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_i.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_i.JPG/330px-Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_i.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_i.JPG/440px-Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_i.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="791" /></a></span> <br />Sceau d'Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> d'Écosse avec le roi en majesté. </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Titre</th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#BFC5F9; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Liste des monarques d&#39;Écosse">Roi d'Écosse</a></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1214-12-11" data-sort-value="1214-12-11"><a href="/wiki/4_d%C3%A9cembre" title="4 décembre">4 décembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1214" title="1214">1214</a></time> – <time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1249-07-15" data-sort-value="1249-07-15"><a href="/wiki/8_juillet" title="8 juillet">8 juillet</a> <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a></time> <br /><span data-sort-value="&amp;0000000000012633" class="datasortkey">34&#160;ans, 7&#160;mois et 2&#160;jours</span></b></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row">Couronnement </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1214-12-13" data-sort-value="1214-12-13"><a href="/wiki/6_d%C3%A9cembre" title="6 décembre">6 décembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1214" title="1214">1214</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier d&#39;Écosse">Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre III d&#39;Écosse">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Biographie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de naissance</span> </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien bday" datetime="1198-08-31" data-sort-value="1198-08-31"><a href="/wiki/24_ao%C3%BBt" title="24 août">24 août</a> <a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a></time> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Lieu de naissance</span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haddington" title="Haddington">Haddington</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de décès</span> </th> <td><time class="nowrap date-lien dday" datetime="1249-07-15" data-sort-value="1249-07-15"><a href="/wiki/8_juillet" title="8 juillet">8 juillet</a> <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a></time> (à 50&#160;ans) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Lieu de décès</span> </th> <td>île de <a href="/wiki/Kerrera" title="Kerrera">Kerrera</a>, dans la baie d'<a href="/wiki/Oban_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oban (Écosse)">Oban</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sépulture </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Melrose" title="Abbaye de Melrose">Abbaye de Melrose</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Père </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier d&#39;Écosse">Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Écosse</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mère </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont-au-Maine" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont-au-Maine">Ermengarde de Beaumont-au-Maine</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Conjoint </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Angleterre_(1210-1238)" title="Jeanne d&#39;Angleterre (1210-1238)">Jeanne d'Angleterre</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enfants </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre III d&#39;Écosse">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> d'Écosse</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Red_crown.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Couronne héraldique (3 branches trilobées)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Red_crown.png/15px-Red_crown.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Red_crown.png/23px-Red_crown.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Red_crown.png/30px-Red_crown.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <br /> Marjorie <small>(illégitime) </small> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #000080 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_politique" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></b>, né le <time class="nowrap bday" datetime="1198-08-31" data-sort-value="1198-08-31">24 août 1198</time> à <a href="/wiki/Haddington" title="Haddington">Haddington</a>, mort le <time class="nowrap dday" datetime="1249-07-15" data-sort-value="1249-07-15">8 juillet 1249</time> sur l'île de <a href="/wiki/Kerrera" title="Kerrera">Kerrera</a> dans la baie d'<a href="/wiki/Oban_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oban (Écosse)">Oban</a>, est <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois d&#39;Écosse">roi d'Écosse</a> de <a href="/wiki/1214" title="1214">1214</a> à <a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a>, fils de <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Ier_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Ier d&#39;Écosse">Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> le Lion</a>, et d'<a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a>. Il succède à son père, et est couronné à l'<a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Scone" title="Abbaye de Scone">abbaye de Scone</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1214-12-12" data-sort-value="1214-12-12">5 décembre 1214</time><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2004-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prince_héritier"><span id="Prince_h.C3.A9ritier"></span>Prince héritier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Prince héritier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prince héritier"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexandre est le seul mâle des enfants légitimes du roi Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> et de son épouse Ermengarde. Il est reconnu par la noblesse écossaise comme héritier du trône le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1201-10-19" data-sort-value="1201-10-19">12 octobre 1201</time> à <a href="/wiki/Musselburgh" title="Musselburgh">Musselburgh</a> et il est mentionné dans les traités conclus en <a href="/wiki/1209" title="1209">1209</a> et <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a> entre son père et le roi <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ier_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Ier d&#39;Angleterre">Jean&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Angleterre</a>. Bien que les termes exacts ne soient pas connus, dans le premier traité Alexandre prête <a href="/wiki/Hommage_f%C3%A9odal" title="Hommage féodal">hommage</a> à Jean pour les domaines et droits que son père tient de la couronne anglaise (non pas le <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_(comt%C3%A9)" title="Northumberland (comté)">Northumberland</a> comme cela a été dit, mais <a href="/wiki/Tynedale" title="Tynedale">Tynedale</a> et <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_(Angleterre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntingdon (Angleterre)">Huntingdon</a>). Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> confie de plus au roi Jean le soin de marier ses deux filles aînées&#160;; <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_d%27%C3%89cosse_(1193-1259)" title="Marguerite d&#39;Écosse (1193-1259)">Marguerite</a> et <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_d%27%C3%89cosse_(1195-1263)" title="Isabelle d&#39;Écosse (1195-1263)">Isabelle</a>, dans l'espoir qui sera d'ailleurs déçu, qu'au moins l'une devienne la belle-fille du roi. Dans le traité de <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a>, Jean négocie peut-être avec la promesse d'une union entre Alexandre et sa fille aînée <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Angleterre_(1210-1238)" title="Jeanne d&#39;Angleterre (1210-1238)">Jeanne</a> (morte en 1238) qui épousera Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> en <a href="/wiki/1221" title="1221">1221</a>, avec le <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_(comt%C3%A9)" title="Northumberland (comté)">Northumberland</a> comme dot<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Après avoir été armé <a href="/wiki/Chevalerie" title="Chevalerie">chevalier</a> par <a href="/wiki/Jean_sans_Terre" title="Jean sans Terre">Jean sans Terre</a> à <a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell" title="Clerkenwell">Clerkenwell</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1212-03-11" data-sort-value="1212-03-11">4 mars 1212</time>, Alexandre seconde son père âgé dans le gouvernement du royaume. Il prend le commandement de la campagne de l'<span class="nowrap">été <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a></span> dans le <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Ross" title="Comte de Ross">comté de Ross</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Moray_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Moray (Écosse)">Moray</a> contre <a href="/wiki/Gothred_MacWilliam" title="Gothred MacWilliam">Gothred MacWilliam</a>. Pendant sa dernière maladie, Guillaume fait confirmer par les membres de sa cour, leur appui à Alexandre qui est couronné roi à <a href="/wiki/Scone_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Scone (Écosse)">Scone</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1214-12-12" data-sort-value="1214-12-12">5 décembre 1214</time> par William Malvoisine, le jour suivant la mort de son père<sup id="cite_ref-Oram2011175_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oram2011175-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_avec_l'Angleterre"><span id="Relations_avec_l.27Angleterre"></span>Relations avec l'Angleterre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Relations avec l&#039;Angleterre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Relations avec l&#039;Angleterre"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Période_de_conflits"><span id="P.C3.A9riode_de_conflits"></span>Période de conflits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Période de conflits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Période de conflits"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les relations avec le roi <a href="/wiki/Jean_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean d&#39;Angleterre">Jean d'Angleterre</a>, qui réclame la suzeraineté sur l'Écosse, sont conflictuelles car Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> revendique de son côté ses droits sur le <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_(comt%C3%A9)" title="Northumberland (comté)">Northumberland</a><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il est un des signataires de la «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>&#160;» imposée par les grands barons au roi d'Angleterre le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1215-06-22" data-sort-value="1215-06-22">15 juin 1215</time>. Après la répudiation de la charte par Jean, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> qui reproche en outre au roi de n'avoir toujours pas organisé les mariages de ses sœurs prévus par le traité de 1209, traverse la Tweed à l'<time class="nowrap" datetime="1215" data-sort-value="1215">automne 1215</time>, envahit le Northumberland et assiège <a href="/wiki/Norham" title="Norham">Norham</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1215-10-26" data-sort-value="1215-10-26">19 octobre 1215</time>. Les grands barons du nord de l'Angleterre menés par Robert de Ros et Eustace de Vescy, tous deux époux de filles illégitimes du roi Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr>, en révolte ouverte contre leur roi n'hésitent pas à rendre hommage à Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1215-10-29" data-sort-value="1215-10-29">22 octobre 1215</time> à Felton près d'<a href="/wiki/Alnwick" title="Alnwick">Alnwick</a>. Après l'incendie de <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> en décembre, Jean Sans terre à la tête d'une armée de mercenaires mène une expédition de représailles dans le nord en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1216-01" data-sort-value="1216-01">janvier 1216</time>. Il s'empare des châteaux des rebelles dont <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_(Cumbrie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle (Cumbrie)">Carlisle</a> et <a href="/wiki/Richmond_(Yorkshire_du_Nord)" title="Richmond (Yorkshire du Nord)">Richmond</a> et oblige les barons félons du <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> à se réfugier en Écosse où ils font allégeance à Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1216-01-18" data-sort-value="1216-01-18">11 janvier 1216</time> à <a href="/wiki/Melrose_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Melrose (Écosse)">Melrose</a>. Jean prend <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick</a> et ravage le <a href="/wiki/Lothian" title="Lothian">Lothian</a>. Mais la situation se retourne en février lorsque Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> contre-attaque. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="1216-07" data-sort-value="1216-07">juillet 1216</time>, il assiège et prend la ville de Carlisle dont le château tombe peu après. À mi septembre de la même année, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> prête hommage à <a href="/wiki/Douvres" title="Douvres">Douvres</a>, pour Huntingdon et les comtés du nord, au prince <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis VIII de France">Louis de France</a> qui tente de se faire proclamer roi d'Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Brown200422-23_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200422-23-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Après la mort de Jean sans Terre en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1216-10" data-sort-value="1216-10">octobre 1216</time> et la défaite des Français et des rebelles anglais à <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Lincoln (Royaume-Uni)">Lincoln</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1217-05-27" data-sort-value="1217-05-27">20 mai 1217</time>, le traité de Kingston le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1217-09-19" data-sort-value="1217-09-19">12 septembre 1217</time> met fin à l'intervention française et le royaume d'Écosse est frappé d'<a href="/wiki/Interdit_(droit_canonique)" title="Interdit (droit canonique)">Interdit</a> et le roi <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunié</a> par le légat du <a href="/wiki/Pape" title="Pape">Pape</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a>. Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> doit restituer Carlisle le <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-01" data-sort-value="12-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> décembre</time>, se soumettre en personne à <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a> au fils du roi défunt, <a href="/wiki/Henri_III_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri III d&#39;Angleterre">Henri&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> d'Angleterre</a> et lui prêter hommage pour <a href="/wiki/Tynedale" title="Tynedale">Tynedale</a> et <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon_(Angleterre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntingdon (Angleterre)">Huntingdon</a> alors qu'Henri ignore les revendications écossaises sur les comtés du nord. Au début de <a href="/wiki/1218" title="1218">1218</a>, l'interdit sur le royaume d'Écosse est levé<sup id="cite_ref-Brown200423_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200423-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Période_de_paix"><span id="P.C3.A9riode_de_paix"></span>Période de paix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Période de paix" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Période de paix"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La réconciliation est scellée le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1221-06-26" data-sort-value="1221-06-26">19 juin 1221</time> et confirmée par le mariage du roi Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> avec <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Angleterre_(1210-1238)" title="Jeanne d&#39;Angleterre (1210-1238)">Jeanne d'Angleterre</a> la sœur d'Henri&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>. Alexandre doit renoncer au comté de Northumberland, mais reçoit en échange quelques fiefs dans le <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(comt%C3%A9)" title="Cumberland (comté)">Cumberland</a>. L'union la même année de <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_d%27%C3%89cosse_(1193-1259)" title="Marguerite d&#39;Écosse (1193-1259)">Marguerite d'Écosse</a> avec <a href="/wiki/Hubert_de_Burgh" title="Hubert de Burgh">Hubert de Burgh</a> <a href="/wiki/Justiciar" title="Justiciar">Justiciar</a> et <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Kent" title="Comte de Kent">comte de Kent</a> suivie en <a href="/wiki/1225" title="1225">1225</a> de celle d'<a href="/wiki/Isabelle_d%27%C3%89cosse_(1195-1263)" title="Isabelle d&#39;Écosse (1195-1263)">Isabelle</a> avec <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bigot_(4e_comte_de_Norfolk)" title="Roger Bigot (4e comte de Norfolk)">Roger&#160;(<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>) Bigod</a> futur <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Norfolk" title="Comte de Norfolk">comte de Norfolk</a> clos les derniers différends liés au traité de <a href="/wiki/1209" title="1209">1209</a>. Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> donne son approbation à ces mariages et impose une <a href="/wiki/Aides_(imp%C3%B4t)" title="Aides (impôt)">aide</a> de <span title="4&#160;535,923&#160;7 Kg" style="cursor:help">10&#160;000</span>&#160;livres à l'Écosse pour doter les deux princesses<sup id="cite_ref-Brown200424_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200424-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le roi d'Écosse rend une visite amicale à <a href="/wiki/Henri_III_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri III d&#39;Angleterre">Henri&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> d'Angleterre</a> à <a href="/wiki/Worcester" title="Worcester">Worcester</a> en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1223-07" data-sort-value="1223-07">juillet 1223</time> et à <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1229-12" data-sort-value="1229-12">décembre 1229</time>. En <a href="/wiki/1235" title="1235">1235</a>, il donne en mariage à <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_le_Mar%C3%A9chal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert le Maréchal (page inexistante)">Gilbert le Maréchal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Pembroke" title="Comte de Pembroke">comte de Pembroke</a>, sa jeune sœur Marjorie ou Marguerite qui avait été promise précédemment à <a href="/wiki/Thibaut_IV_de_Champagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Thibaut IV de Champagne">Thibaut&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> de Champagne</a> en <a href="/wiki/1219" title="1219">1219</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Cornouailles" title="Richard de Cornouailles">Richard de Cornouailles</a> en <a href="/wiki/1227" title="1227">1227</a> et au roi Henri&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> lui-même en <a href="/wiki/1231" title="1231">1231</a>. Par le traité de York<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> signé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1237-09-29" data-sort-value="1237-09-29">22 septembre 1237</time><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2004346_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2004346-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> renonce définitivement à ses prétentions sur le <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_(comt%C3%A9)" title="Northumberland (comté)">Northumberland</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Westmorland" title="Westmorland">Westmorland</a>. En compensation, il reçoit la promesse de domaines en Angleterre<sup id="cite_ref-Brown200426_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200426-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il reçoit de nouveau Henri&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> lors de son second mariage avec <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a> à <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Roxburgh (Écosse)">Roxburgh</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1239-05-22" data-sort-value="1239-05-22">15 mai 1239</time>. Le roi d'Angleterre craignant qu'il prélude une alliance contre lui avec le roi <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX de France">Louis&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="9"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IX</span></abbr> de France</a> mobilise ses troupes. Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> prépare également son armée mais une négociation met fin à cette tension et se termine avec le traité de <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a> du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1244-08-21" data-sort-value="1244-08-21">14 août 1244</time> qui engage le roi d'Écosse à ne pas déclarer d'hostilités contre l'Angleterre sauf de manière défensive. L'accord prévoit en outre l'union future du prince héritier Alexandre avec Marguerite, la fille aînée du roi Henri&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-Brown200426_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200426-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La période de paix ininterrompue entre les deux royaumes s'étendra finalement de <time class="nowrap" datetime="1217-12" data-sort-value="1217-12">décembre 1217</time> à <time class="nowrap" datetime="1296-03" data-sort-value="1296-03">mars 1296</time>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consolidation_du_royaume">Consolidation du royaume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Consolidation du royaume" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consolidation du royaume"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Alexander_II_(Alba)_ii.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_ii.JPG/220px-Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_ii.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_ii.JPG/330px-Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_ii.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_ii.JPG/440px-Alexander_II_%28Alba%29_ii.JPG 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="817" /></a><figcaption>Alexandre le guerrier et chevalier&#160;: revers du Grand Sceau d'Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, avec la légende&#160;: <i>ALEXANDER DEO RECTOR E(T) REX SCOTTORUM</i> (Alexandre, par (la grâce de) Dieu souverain et roi des Scots).</figcaption></figure> <p>Bien que les tensions anglo-écossaises n'aient jamais été totalement éradiquées, l'importance d'une politique de conciliation d'Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> pour la consolidation du royaume ne doit pas être surestimée. Il a à la fois la volonté et la possibilité de faire progresser le pouvoir royal dans le nord et l'ouest de l'Écosse avec une pugnacité sans précédent<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_avec_l'Église"><span id="Relations_avec_l.27.C3.89glise"></span>Relations avec l'Église</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Relations avec l&#039;Église" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Relations avec l&#039;Église"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Bulle_pontificale" title="Bulle pontificale">Bulle pontificale</a> «&#160;Filia specialis&#160;» délivrée par <a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> en <a href="/wiki/1218" title="1218">1218</a> fait suite à celles de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestin_III" title="Célestin III">Célestin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> et d'<a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" title="Innocent III">Innocent&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> du règne précédent. Elle étend sa protection sur l'«&#160;<i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Ecclesia Scoticana</span></i>&#160;» du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Royaume d&#39;Écosse">royaume d'Écosse</a> qu'elle définit comme une «&#160;fille spéciale&#160;» du siège apostolique avec ses évêchés de <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_(%C3%89cosse)" title="St Andrews (Écosse)">St Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunblane" title="Dunblane">Dunblane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunkeld" title="Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brechin" title="Brechin">Brechin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moray_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Moray (Écosse)">Moray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ross-shire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ross-shire">Ross</a> et <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Comme un bienfaiteur de l'église, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> assortit sa piété d'une forte volonté politique. Ses préférences religieuses le portent à la fois vers les ordres traditionnels et les ordres nouveaux. Il favorise d'abord les nouveaux évêchés inclus dans le domaine royal d'<a href="/wiki/Dioc%C3%A8se_catholique_d%27Argyll_et_des_%C3%8Eles" title="Diocèse catholique d&#39;Argyll et des Îles">Argyll</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Moray_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Moray (Écosse)">Moray</a>, et ensuite celui de <a href="/wiki/Whithorn" title="Whithorn">Whithorn</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a>, mais impose aux titulaires des sièges un strict contrôle. Il est généreux avec les <a href="/wiki/Chanoines_r%C3%A9guliers_de_saint_Augustin" title="Chanoines réguliers de saint Augustin">chanoines réguliers de saint Augustin</a> de <a href="/wiki/Scone_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Scone (Écosse)">Scone</a>, les moines <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictins" class="mw-redirect" title="Bénédictins">bénédictins</a> de <a href="/wiki/Coldingham" title="Coldingham">Coldingham</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Dunfermline" title="Abbaye de Dunfermline">abbaye de Dunfermline</a>, mais aussi avec les <a href="/wiki/Cisterciens" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisterciens">cisterciens</a> de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbaye_de_Coupar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbaye de Coupar (page inexistante)">abbaye de Coupar</a> en <a href="/wiki/Angus_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Angus (Écosse)">Angus</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Melrose" title="Abbaye de Melrose">abbaye de Melrose</a> et de celle de Newbattle près de <a href="/wiki/Dalkeith_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalkeith (Écosse)">Dalkeith</a>, les moniales <a href="/wiki/Cisterciennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisterciennes">cisterciennes</a> de Manuel, et les <a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_la_Sainte-Trinit%C3%A9_de_Tiron" title="Abbaye de la Sainte-Trinité de Tiron">Tironiens</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Arbroath" title="Arbroath">Arbroath</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1227" title="1227">1227</a>-<a href="/wiki/1229" title="1229">1229</a>, il fonde avec sa mère, la reine <a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont-au-Maine" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont-au-Maine">Ermengarde</a>, un monastère <a href="/wiki/Cistercien" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercien">cistercien</a> à <a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Balmerino" title="Abbaye de Balmerino">Balmerino</a>, dans le comté de <a href="/wiki/Fife_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Fife (Écosse)">Fife</a>, la dernière des quatre filles écossaises de <a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Melrose" title="Abbaye de Melrose">Melrose</a>. Vers <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a>, il crée un <a href="/wiki/Prieur%C3%A9" title="Prieuré">prieuré</a> à <a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Pluscarden" title="Abbaye de Pluscarden">Pluscarden</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Moray_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Moray (Écosse)">Moray</a>, pour les <a href="/wiki/Abbaye_du_Val_des_Choues" title="Abbaye du Val des Choues">Valliscauliens</a>, un nouvel ordre monastique bourguignon qui ne s'était encore jamais implanté en <a href="/wiki/Grande-Bretagne" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a>, en <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a>-<a href="/wiki/1231" title="1231">1231</a>, il a introduit les ordres mendiants en Écosse, les premiers <a href="/wiki/Dominicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominicains">Dominicains</a> viennent peut-être de <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, et à sa mort neuf couvents de Dominicains et au moins trois couvents <a href="/wiki/Franciscains" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscains">Franciscains</a> ont été mis en place, presque tous de fondations royales<sup id="cite_ref-Oram2011357-359_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oram2011357-359-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dans_le_nord">Dans le nord</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Dans le nord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dans le nord"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> doit faire face aux ultimes tentatives des <a href="/wiki/Meic_Uilleim" title="Meic Uilleim">Meic Uilleim</a> de <a href="/wiki/Moray_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Moray (Écosse)">Moray</a>. En <time datetime="1215-01" data-sort-value="1215-01">janvier</time>-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1215-02" data-sort-value="1215-02">février 1215</time>, <a href="/wiki/Domnall_Ban_MacWilliam" title="Domnall Ban MacWilliam">Domnall Ban MacWilliam</a> proclame à son tour ses prétentions à la couronne mais il est vaincu, pris et exécuté par un noble local, <a href="/wiki/Farquhar_Mac_Taggart" title="Farquhar Mac Taggart">Farquhar Mac Taggart</a> en Ross, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1215-06-26" data-sort-value="1215-06-26">19 juin 1215</time><sup id="cite_ref-Oram2011176_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oram2011176-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Au début de <a href="/wiki/1221" title="1221">1221</a>, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> vient à <a href="/wiki/Inverness_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Inverness (Écosse)">Inverness</a> mater la révolte d'un petit chef des highlands, Donald MacNeil. En <a href="/wiki/1221" title="1221">1221</a>–<a href="/wiki/1222" title="1222">1222</a>, il conduit une grande campagne contre l'<a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll</a> dont le résultat semble avoir été le transfert du <a href="/wiki/Kintyre" title="Kintyre">Kintyre</a>, et peut être du <a href="/wiki/Cowal" title="Cowal">Cowal</a>, sous son autorité directe, et la fortification de <a href="/wiki/Tarbert_(Kintyre)" title="Tarbert (Kintyre)">Tarbert</a> comme place royale. Après que son principal agent dans l'extrême nord, l'évêque Adam de Caithness, a été tué en <time class="nowrap" datetime="1222-09" data-sort-value="1222-09">septembre 1222</time> du fait de son zèle à importer dans son diocèse les normes, notamment fiscales, de l'Église conformes à celles du reste de l'Europe, il met sur pied une expédition punitive à l'automne de la même année. Les meurtriers sont mutilés et il confisque temporairement une partie du territoire du comté de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Haraldsson" title="Jean Haraldsson">Jean Haraldsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Caithness" title="Comte de Caithness">comte de Caithness</a> accusé de ne pas avoir protégé le prélat contre ses sujets<sup id="cite_ref-Oram2011186_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oram2011186-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il doit retourner dans le nord pour combattre une nouvelle révolte des <a href="/wiki/Meic_Uilleim" title="Meic Uilleim">Meic Uilleim</a> en <a href="/wiki/1228" title="1228">1228</a>. Il laisse le soin à <a href="/wiki/William_Comyn" title="William Comyn">William Comyn</a> (mort en 1233), <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Buchan" title="Comte de Buchan">comte de Buchan</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, d'achever la pacification du Moray&#160;; un nommé <a href="/wiki/Gilleasbuig_MacWilliam" title="Gilleasbuig MacWilliam">Gillescop</a> est défait et tué et une petite enfant, dernière héritière des <a href="/wiki/Meic_Uilleim" title="Meic Uilleim">Meic Uilleim</a> a la tête fracassée sur la croix du marché de <a href="/wiki/Forfar" title="Forfar">Forfar</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le nord est complètement discipliné et Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> met une touche finale à l'établissement de l'autorité royale dans la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cennie" title="Décennie">décennie</a> <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a> en y implantant dans les <a href="/wiki/Highlands" title="Highlands">highlands</a> la grande <a href="/wiki/Seigneur_de_Badenoch" title="Seigneur de Badenoch">seigneurie de Badenoch</a> et celle <a href="/wiki/Lochaber_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Lochaber (Écosse)">Lochaber</a> pour <a href="/wiki/Walter_Comyn" title="Walter Comyn">Walter Comyn</a>, en rétablissant le <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Ross" title="Comte de Ross">comté de Ross</a> pour <a href="/wiki/Farquhar_Mac_Taggart" title="Farquhar Mac Taggart">Farquhar Mac Taggart</a>, en créant le <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Sutherland" title="Comte de Sutherland">comté de Sutherland</a> pour William&#160;(<abbr class="abbr" title="1"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span></abbr>) Murray, dont le cousin Gilbert devient le nouvel évêque de Caithness, et enfin en mettant en place après le meurtre de <a href="/wiki/Jean_Haraldsson" title="Jean Haraldsson">Jean Haraldsson</a> (mort en 1231), avec <a href="/wiki/Magnus_II_des_Orcades" title="Magnus II des Orcades">Magnus d'Angus</a>, une nouvelle lignée, favorable à l'Écosse dans le <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Caithness" title="Comte de Caithness">Caithness</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brown200429_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200429-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dans_l'ouest"><span id="Dans_l.27ouest"></span>Dans l'ouest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Dans l&#039;ouest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Dans l&#039;ouest"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II,_King_of_Scots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II%2C_King_of_Scots.jpg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II%2C_King_of_Scots.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II%2C_King_of_Scots.jpg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II%2C_King_of_Scots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II%2C_King_of_Scots.jpg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Alexander_II%2C_King_of_Scots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Les armes d'Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dans le sud-ouest, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> impose d'une manière aussi ferme le pouvoir royal. Après la mort d'<a href="/wiki/Alan_de_Galloway" title="Alan de Galloway">Alan de Galloway</a> en <a href="/wiki/1234" title="1234">1234</a>, qui laisse un fils bâtard, Thomas, et trois filles légitimes, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> décide de mettre fin aux vestiges de l'indépendance du <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a>. Ignorant les coutumes celtiques en matière de succession, il impose un partage de la province entre les trois héritières et leurs époux <a href="/wiki/Anglo-normands" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-normands">anglo-normands</a> et déshérite le fils illégitime. Les Galwegiens se soulèvent en faveur de Thomas qui s'était exilé en <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>, le roi envahit le <a href="/wiki/Galloway" title="Galloway">Galloway</a> le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1235-07-22" data-sort-value="1235-07-22">15 juillet 1235</time> avec l'indispensable Farquhar MacTaggart, désormais <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Ross" title="Comte de Ross">comte de Ross</a>, et met en fuite l'armée rebelle. Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> laisse derrière lui <a href="/wiki/Walter_Comyn" title="Walter Comyn">Walter Comyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Menteith" title="Comte de Menteith">comte de Menteith</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, comme gouverneur militaire et avant la fin de l'année, Thomas, qui était revenu avec une troupe de guerriers des <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9brides" title="Hébrides">Hébrides</a> et irlandais, est capturé et interné à vie pendant que deux de ses alliés irlandais sont écartelés à <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dimbourg" title="Édimbourg">Édimbourg</a><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Disposant désormais de la flotte de 200&#160;navires du Galloway, Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> peut intervenir sur la côte ouest de l'Écosse. Dans cette région, les puissants chefs des <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9brides" title="Hébrides">Hébrides</a>, d'origine <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A9giens-Ga%C3%ABls" class="mw-redirect" title="Norvégiens-Gaëls">Norvégiens-Gaëls</a>, contrôlent les îles et la terre ferme écossaise, sous la suzeraineté théorique du <a href="/wiki/Royaume_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Royaume de Norvège">royaume de Norvège</a> (qui ne redevient effective qu'avec le roi <a href="/wiki/Haakon_IV_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon IV de Norvège">Haakon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> de Norvège</a>). Pendant la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cennie" title="Décennie">décennie</a> <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_de_Galloway" title="Alan de Galloway">Alan de Galloway</a> fait campagne avec l'accord d'Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> contre <a href="/wiki/Skye_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skye (Écosse)">Skye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis (Écosse)">Lewis</a>, et l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Man" title="Île de Man">île de Man</a>, sans autre résultat que de provoquer la colère d'Haakon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> qui réagit. À la suite d'une attaque du royaume de Man par <a href="/wiki/Alan_de_Galloway" title="Alan de Galloway">Alan de Galloway</a>, le roi <a href="/wiki/Olaf_II_de_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Olaf II de Man">Olaf&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> de Man</a> se réfugie auprès de son suzerain le roi de Norvège en <time datetime="1230-01" data-sort-value="1230-01">janvier</time>-<time class="nowrap" datetime="1230-02" data-sort-value="1230-02">février 1230</time>. Il revient avec une flotte commandée par <a href="/wiki/Uspak_Haakon" title="Uspak Haakon">Uspak Haakon</a> et est réinstallé comme roi au <a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">printemps</a> de la même année. En <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a>–<a href="/wiki/1231" title="1231">1231</a>, la flotte coalisée venue de <a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8ge" title="Norvège">Norvège</a> des <a href="/wiki/Orcades" title="Orcades">Orcades</a> et des <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9brides" title="Hébrides">Hébrides</a> attaque les possessions écossaises de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Bute" title="Île de Bute">île de Bute</a> et du <a href="/wiki/Kintyre" title="Kintyre">Kintyre</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Royaume d&#39;Écosse">royaume d'Écosse</a> doit faire face à une situation aussi grave que lors de l'invasion du roi Jean d'Angleterre en <a href="/wiki/1216" title="1216">1216</a>. Heureusement, le chef de l'expédition <a href="/wiki/Uspak_Haakon" title="Uspak Haakon">Uspak Haakon</a> meurt de blessures reçues au combat et les Norvégiens se retirent<sup id="cite_ref-Brown200478-79_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200478-79-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> comprend rapidement qu'il est indispensable d'incorporer la totalité des <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9brides" title="Hébrides">Hébrides</a> dans son royaume, et en <a href="/wiki/1244" title="1244">1244</a> fait une première proposition d'acquisition des îles à Haakon&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr>. Le roi de Norvège la rejette et charge en <a href="/wiki/1248" title="1248">1248</a> <a href="/wiki/Ewen_MacDougall" title="Ewen MacDougall">Ewen MacDougall</a> de renforcer son autorité dans les îles. Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> mène une expédition d'été de grande envergure avec une flotte et une armée qui débute victorieusement en chassant Ewen de son domaine sur la terre ferme, mais sa mort soudaine au large d'<a href="/wiki/Oban_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oban (Écosse)">Oban</a>, met une fin prématurée à l'entreprise, reportant l'annexion définitive des îles par l'Écosse à <a href="/wiki/1266" title="1266">1266</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brown200443_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown200443-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> meurt, d'une fièvre, âgé de 51&#160;ans, après 35&#160;ans d'un règne effectif, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1249-07-15" data-sort-value="1249-07-15">8 juillet 1249</time>, dans l'îlot de Kerrara au large d'<a href="/wiki/Oban_(%C3%89cosse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oban (Écosse)">Oban</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brown2004347_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2004347-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est inhumé à l'<a href="/wiki/Abbaye_de_Melrose" title="Abbaye de Melrose">abbaye de Melrose</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unions_et_postérité"><span id="Unions_et_post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9"></span>Unions et postérité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Unions et postérité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Unions et postérité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> épouse en premières noces le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1221-06-25" data-sort-value="1221-06-25">18 juin 1221</time> à <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Angleterre_(1210-1238)" title="Jeanne d&#39;Angleterre (1210-1238)">Jeanne d'Angleterre</a> (1210 - <time class="nowrap" datetime="1238-03-11" data-sort-value="1238-03-11">4 mars 1238</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, fille de <a href="/wiki/Jean_sans_Terre" title="Jean sans Terre">Jean sans Terre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des rois d&#39;Angleterre">roi d'Angleterre</a>, et d'<a href="/wiki/Isabelle_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabelle d&#39;Angoulême">Isabelle d'Angoulême</a>. Ce mariage est resté sans enfants. </p><p>Veuf, le roi se remarie le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1239-05-22" data-sort-value="1239-05-22">15 mai 1239</time> à <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Roxburgh (Écosse)">Roxburgh</a> avec <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a>, fille d'<a href="/wiki/Enguerrand_III_de_Coucy" title="Enguerrand III de Coucy">Enguerrand&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> de Coucy</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Montmirail" title="Marie de Montmirail">Marie de Montmirail</a>. Ils ont un fils, futur roi d'Écosse&#160;: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_d%27%C3%89cosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre III d&#39;Écosse">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (<a href="/wiki/1241" title="1241">1241</a>-<a href="/wiki/1286" title="1286">1286</a>).</li></ul> <p>Le roi Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> laisse par ailleurs une fille illégitime&#160;: </p> <ul><li>Marjorie, qui épouse <a href="/wiki/Alan_Durward" title="Alan Durward">Alan Durward</a> (mort en 1275), un fidèle de l'administration royale depuis <a href="/wiki/1244" title="1244">1244</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascendance">Ascendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Ascendance" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ascendance"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both; margin-bottom:1em; border-style:solid; background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);" title="&#91;afficher&#93;/&#91;masquer&#93;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center; min-height:1.6em; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);">Ascendance d'Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> d'Écosse</div> <div class="NavContent" style="margin:0; color:var(--color-base, #202122); display:block; text-align:left;"> <center><table style="border-spacing: 0px; font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="126" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="126"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="126"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="62" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="62"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="62"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="30" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="30"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="30"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="14"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">32. <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Ier" title="Duncan Ier">Duncan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr> d'Écosse</a></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III" title="Malcolm III">Malcolm&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr> d'Écosse</a></td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="6" style="border-left: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-left: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div> </td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">33. Suthen</td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;background-color: #9fe;">17. <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_d%27%C3%89cosse_(sainte)" title="Marguerite d&#39;Écosse (sainte)">Marguerite d'Angleterre</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="6" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="6"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; 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height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;;">63.</td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="2" style=""><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td><td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 0.5em; height: 0.5em;"><span style="font: 1px/1px serif;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"></tr> </tbody></table></center> </div> <div class="NavEnd">&#160;</div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brown2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown2004_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-2">c</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_2-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Keith Stringer «&#160;Alexander&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> (1198–1249), king of Scots&#160;», <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oram2011175-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Oram2011175_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Oram2011">Oram 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;175. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200422-23-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200422-23_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;22-23. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200423-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200423_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;23. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200424-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200424_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;24. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gordon Donaldson «&#160;1237: Treaty of York&#160;» dans <i>Scottish Historical Documents</i> Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh &amp; London 1974 <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;33-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2004346-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown2004346_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;346. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200426-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200426_9-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Brown200426_9-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;26. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gordon Donaldson, <i>Scottish historical documents</i> Scottish Academic Press (Edinburgh &amp; Londres 1974) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0701116048" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0701116048"><span class="nowrap">0701116048</span></a>)</small> «&#160;1218: <i>Filia specialis</i> Bull of Honorius&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr>&#160;» <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;30-32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oram2011357-359-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Oram2011357-359_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Oram2011">Oram 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;357-359. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oram2011176-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Oram2011176_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Oram2011">Oram 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;176. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oram2011186-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Oram2011186_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Oram2011">Oram 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;186. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">depuis son union avec l'héritière du comté en <a href="/wiki/1212" title="1212">1212</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. Andrew McDonald <i>Treachery in the remotest territories of Scotland: Northerne ressitance to the Canmore Dynasty 1130-1230</i> Canadian Journal of History <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;33 (August 1999).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200429-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200429_16-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;29. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">de <i>Jure Uxoris</i> vers 1234 à 1258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200478-79-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200478-79_18-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;78-79. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown200443-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown200443_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;43. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2004347-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown2004347_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown2004">Brown 2004</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;347. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David Williamson <i>Brewer's British Royalties. A phrase and fable dictionary</i>. Cassel London, 1998 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/030434933X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/030434933X"><span class="nowrap">030434933X</span></a>)</small> «&#160;Joan, Queen of Scots&#160;»<abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;223.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Oram2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Oram2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Oram" title="Richard Oram">Richard Oram</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Domination and Lordship Scotland 1070-1230</cite>, Edinburgh, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780748614974" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780748614974"><span class="nowrap">9780748614974</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Domination+and+Lordship+Scotland+1070-1230&amp;rft.place=Edinburgh&amp;rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Oram&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9780748614974&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexandre+II+%28roi+d%27%C3%89cosse%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Oram2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Oram2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Oram" title="Richard Oram">Richard Oram</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Alexander&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> (1214-1249) King of Scots</cite>, Edinburgh, Birlinn Ltd, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9781907909054" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9781907909054"><span class="nowrap">9781907909054</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Alexander%26nbsp%3BII+%281214-1249%29+King+of+Scots&amp;rft.place=Edinburgh&amp;rft.pub=Birlinn+Ltd&amp;rft.aulast=Oram&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9781907909054&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexandre+II+%28roi+d%27%C3%89cosse%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Brown2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Brown2004"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michael Brown, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Wars of Scotland 1214~1371&#160;: The New Edinburgh History of Scotland</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7486-1238-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7486-1238-6"><span class="nowrap">0-7486-1238-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Scotland+1214~1371&amp;rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&amp;rft.stitle=The+New+Edinburgh+History+of+Scotland&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-7486-1238-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAlexandre+II+%28roi+d%27%C3%89cosse%29"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/G.W.S._Barrow" class="mw-redirect" title="G.W.S. Barrow">G.W.S. Barrow</a> <i>Kingship and Unity Scotland 1000~1306</i> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a> (1981) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-7486-0104-X" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-7486-0104-X"><span class="nowrap">0-7486-0104-X</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Keith Stringer «&#160;Alexander&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> (1198–1249), king of Scots&#160;», <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mike Ashley <i>The Mammoth Book of British Kings &amp; Queens (England, Scotland and Wales)</i> Robinson, Londres (1998) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1841190969" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1841190969"><span class="nowrap">1841190969</span></a>)</small> «&#160;Alexander&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> <i>The Peaceful</i>&#160;» <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&#160;407-408.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237889?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/1109001">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000050269754">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/091388341">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2005008287">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/13007652X">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p274516829">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007325523905171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/317367">Suède</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5051238">Norvège</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2005-008287">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul></div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#AlexanderIIdied1249A"><i>Alexander&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> King of Scotland</i> sur le site Medieval Lands</a>.</li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Monarques_%C3%A9cossais" title="Modèle:Palette Monarques écossais"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Monarques_%C3%A9cossais&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Liste des monarques d&#39;Écosse">Monarques d’Écosse</a> (843-1707)</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Maison_d%27Alpin" title="Maison d&#39;Alpin">Alpin</a> (843-1058)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Ier" title="Kenneth Ier">Kenneth&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Ier" title="Donald Ier">Donald&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Constantin Ier (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ed_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Áed (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Aed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eochaid_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Eochaid (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Eochaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giric_Ier" title="Giric Ier">Giric&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_II" title="Donald II">Donald&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Constantin II (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Ier" title="Malcolm Ier">Malcolm&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indulf" title="Indulf">Indulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubh_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Dubh (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Dubh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culen" title="Culen">Culen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amla%C3%ADb_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Amlaíb (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_II" title="Kenneth II">Kenneth&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_III_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Constantin III (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Constantin&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_III" title="Kenneth III">Kenneth&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giric_II" title="Giric II">Giric&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_II" title="Malcolm II">Malcolm&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Ier" title="Duncan Ier">Duncan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Macbeth (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Macbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulach" title="Lulach">Lulach</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/100px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/150px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg/200px-Royal_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Maison_de_Dunkeld" title="Maison de Dunkeld">Dunkeld</a> (1058-1290)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_III" title="Malcolm III">Malcolm&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_III" title="Donald III">Donald&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_II" title="Duncan II">Duncan&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Edgar (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Alexandre Ier (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Article de qualité"><img alt="Article de qualité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/14px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/21px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg/28px-Article_de_qualit%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Ier_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="David Ier (roi d&#39;Écosse)">David&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_IV" title="Malcolm IV">Malcolm&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_le_Lion" title="Guillaume le Lion">Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Alexandre III (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Alexandre&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Norv%C3%A8ge" title="Marguerite de Norvège">Marguerite</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Famille_de_Bailleul_(comt%C3%A9_de_Ponthieu)" title="Famille de Bailleul (comté de Ponthieu)">Balliol</a> (1292-1336)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Balliol" title="Jean Balliol">Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balliol" title="Édouard Balliol">Édouard</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Famille_Bruce" title="Famille Bruce">Bruce</a> (1306-1371)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ier_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Robert Ier (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Robert&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="David II (roi d&#39;Écosse)">David&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Maison_Stuart" title="Maison Stuart">Stuart</a> (1371-1707)</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Robert II (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Robert&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_III_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Robert III (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Robert&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ier_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Jacques Ier (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_II_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Jacques II (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_III_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Jacques III (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_IV_(roi_d%27%C3%89cosse)" title="Jacques IV (roi d&#39;Écosse)">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_V" title="Jacques V">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Stuart" title="Marie Stuart">Marie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="première"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>re</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_VI_et_Ier" title="Jacques VI et Ier">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ier_(roi_d%27Angleterre)" title="Charles Ier (roi d&#39;Angleterre)">Charles&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="premier"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">I</span><sup>er</sup></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_(roi_d%27Angleterre)" title="Charles II (roi d&#39;Angleterre)">Charles&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_II_(roi_d%27Angleterre)" title="Jacques II (roi d&#39;Angleterre)">Jacques&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_II_(reine_d%27Angleterre)" title="Marie II (reine d&#39;Angleterre)">Marie&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_III_d%27Orange-Nassau" title="Guillaume III d&#39;Orange-Nassau">Guillaume&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bon article"><img alt="Bon article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/14px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/21px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/28px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anne_(reine_de_Grande-Bretagne)" title="Anne (reine de Grande-Bretagne)">Anne</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="3">En 1707, Anne devient la première <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_monarques_britanniques" title="Liste des monarques britanniques">reine de Grande-Bretagne</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89cosse" title="Portail de l’Écosse"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/37px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/55px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/74px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89cosse" title="Portail:Écosse">Portail de l’Écosse</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monarchie" title="Portail de la monarchie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/48px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 1.5x, 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