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data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glockentopf" title="Glockentopf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Glockentopf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cuelle_%C3%A0_bords_biseaut%C3%A9s" title="Écuelle à bords biseautés – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écuelle à bords biseautés" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevelled-rim_bowls" title="Bevelled-rim bowls – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mass produced clay bowls</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glockentopf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glockentopf.jpg/220px-Glockentopf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glockentopf.jpg/330px-Glockentopf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Glockentopf.jpg/440px-Glockentopf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1608" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Uruk-period beveled rim bowl, c. 3400–3200 BCE, from <a href="/wiki/Habuba_Kabira" title="Habuba Kabira">Habuba Kabira South</a> in Syria</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Beveled rim bowls</b> (traditionally called Glockentöpfe) are small, undecorated, mass-produced clay bowls most common in the 4th millennium BC during the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Late Chalcolithic period</a>. They constitute roughly three quarters of all ceramics found in Uruk culture sites, are therefore a unique and reliable indicator of the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Uruk_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruk culture">Uruk culture</a> in ancient <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beveled rim bowls began to appear in the Early Uruk period (c. 3900-3600 BC), were common in the Middle Uruk period (c. 3600-3400 BC) and the Late Uruk period (c. 3400-3200 BC). In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Jemdat_Nasr" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemdat Nasr">Jemdat Nasr</a> period (c. 3200-3100 BC) their use declined along with a rise (starting in the Late Uruk period) in numbers of the ceramics called "tall flowerpots" (Grobe Blumentopfe), which were of similar faric as Beveled Rim Bowls but were wheel made, whose use is also still unclear. Beveled rim bowls remained in use in a few sites during the Early Dynastic I period (c. 3100-2900 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that one of the signs of <a href="/wiki/Proto-cuneiform" title="Proto-cuneiform">Proto-cuneiform</a>, and perhaps a corresponding sign in <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a> (GAR/NINDA/AKALU), was derived from the bevelled rim bowl.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beveled rim bowls are generally uniform in size standing roughly 10 cm (4 in) tall with the mouth of the bowl being approximately 18 cm (7.1 in) in diameter. The sides of the bowls have a straight steep angle down to a very defined base usually 9 cm (3.5 in) in diameter. The porous vegetable tempered bowls are made of low fired clay and have relatively thick walls compared to other forms of pottery of the time, making them surprisingly robust. The most unusual aspects of bevelled rim bowls are that they are undecorated and found discarded in large quantities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the exact method for production of beveled rim bowls is unknown, the most widely accepted theory is the use of a mold. A lesser accepted theory is that the bowls were made by hand. Archeologists replicating beveled rim bowls have found it considerably difficult to achieve the straight sides and well defined base while only using their hands. The use of a mold has been found to be a significant advantage when replicating the bowls. The large numbers of beveled rim bowls found (often in a single site) seem to support the mold theory because mass production with a mold is far more feasible than making them by hand. A debate exists among advocates of the mold theory. Most impose the use of a mobile mold that could be made of a variety of materials including wood, metal, stone or even another beveled rim bowl. Others suggest that craftsmen would have used a ground mold wherein the bowls were formed in a conical depression created in the ground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bevelled rim bowls are widely thought to be used for measurement of grain rations (<a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Emmer_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmer wheat">emmer wheat</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rations would be given as payment to laborers for services rendered as part of a <a href="/wiki/Corv%C3%A9e" title="Corvée">Corvée</a> labor system.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also supported by the fact that the bowls are often found whole and in large piles as if they were disposable. The bowls would have been used for rationing once or twice and then discarded in a central location. An alternate theory is that the bowls were used for baking bread, which also could have been rationed in its container. Early on, after many BRBs were found upside down, in the manner of Aramaic <a href="/wiki/Incantation_bowl" title="Incantation bowl">incantation bowls</a>, it was suggested that they had a votive functions.<sup id="cite_ref-Potts2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potts2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uruk_expansion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Uruk_expansion.svg/220px-Uruk_expansion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Uruk_expansion.svg/330px-Uruk_expansion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Uruk_expansion.svg/440px-Uruk_expansion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>Uruk expansion and colonial outposts, c. 3600-3100 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Beveled rim bowls originated in the city state of <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> in the mid-fourth millennium BC. As the <a href="/wiki/Uruk_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruk culture">Uruk culture</a> expanded so did the production and use of these bowls. The first bevelled rim bowls were discovered during excavations at <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time BRBs have been found throughout modern Iran: in the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godin_Tepe" title="Godin Tepe">Godin Tepe</a>, and Choga Gavaneh, in northern Iran Tepe Özbeki, <a href="/wiki/Tepe_Sialk" title="Tepe Sialk">Tepe Sialk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tepe_Sofalin" title="Tepe Sofalin">Tepe Sofalin</a>, and Tepe Qabrestan, central Iran <a href="/wiki/Tepe_Yahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepe Yahiya">Tepe Yahiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chogha_Mish" title="Chogha Mish">Chogha Mish</a>, Abu Fanduweh, and Tepe Musiyan,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and southern Iran in <a href="/wiki/Nurabad,_Fars" title="Nurabad, Fars">Nurabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konar_Sandal#Mahtoutabad" title="Konar Sandal">Mahtoutabad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Potts2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potts2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Anatolia bevelled rim bowls were found at <a href="/wiki/Arslantepe" title="Arslantepe">Arslantepe</a> and Tepecik.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern Syria they were found at Tell Humeida, Tell Ramadi, <a href="/wiki/Tell_Sheikh_Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell Sheikh Hassan">Tell Sheikh Hassan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hac%C4%B1nebi_Tepe" title="Hacınebi Tepe">Hacınebi Tepe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Aruda" title="Jebel Aruda">Jebel Aruda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habuba_Kabira" title="Habuba Kabira">Habuba Kabira</a>, Tell er-Ramadi,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Tell Qraya near <a href="/wiki/Terqa" title="Terqa">Terqa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern Iraq BRBs have been found at <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemdet_Nasr" title="Jemdet Nasr">Jemdet Nasr</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Nuzi" title="Nuzi">Gasur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Salabikh" title="Abu Salabikh">Abu Salabikh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tell_al-Hawa" title="Tell al-Hawa">Tell al-Hawa</a>, Tell Rubeidheh, <a href="/wiki/Tell_Uqair" title="Tell Uqair">Tell Uqair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quantities were also found at <a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khafajah" title="Khafajah">Khafajah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the modern coast of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Miri_Qalat" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri Qalat">Miri Qalat</a>) which belonged to Kechi-<a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mallowan, M. E. L., "Early Mesopotamia and Iran", New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goulder, Jill, "Administrators' bread: an experiment-based re-assessment of the functional and cultural role of the Uruk bevel-rim bowl", Antiquity 84.324, pp. 351-362, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/paleo_0153-9345_1996_num_22_1_4632">[1]</a>Jones, Jennifer E., "Standardized volumes? Mass-produced bowls of the Jemdet Nasr period from Abu Salabikh, Iraq", Paléorient, pp. 153-160, 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Englund, R. K., "Texts from the late Uruk period", in P. Attinger & M. Wäfler (eds.), Mesopotamien. Späturuk-Zeit und Früh-dynastische Zeit. OBO 160/1. Fribourg/Göttingen, pp. 14–23, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernbeck, R., "Lasting Alliances and Emerging Competition: Economic Developments in Early Mesopotamia", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14, pp. 1–25, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollock, S., "Feasts, Funerals, and Fast Food in Early Mesopotamian Status", in The Archaeology and Politics of Food and Feasting in Early States and Empires. Edited by T. L. Bray. New York: Kluwer; Plenum, pp. 17–38, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, G. A., "Local Exchange and Early State Development in Southwestern Iran", Volume 51 of Anthropological Papers Series, University of Michigan Press, 1973 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781949098075" title="Special:BookSources/9781949098075">9781949098075</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nissen, Hans J., "The early history of the ancient Near East, 9000-2000 BC", University of Chicago Press, 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226586588" title="Special:BookSources/9780226586588">9780226586588</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Potts2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Potts2009_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Potts2009_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/27006262/Potts_2009_JCS_61.pdf">[2]</a>Potts, Daniel, "Bevel-Rim Bowls and Bakeries: Evidence and Explanations from Iran and the Indo-Iranian Borderlands", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 61, pp. 1–23, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan, J. de, "Recherches archeologiques, Ier serie. Fouilles a Suse en 1897-1898 et 1898-1899", Paris: Leroux, 1900</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman Ghirshman, <i>Fouilles de Sialk près de Kashan</i>, 1933, 1934, 1937, vol. 1, Paul Geuthner, 1938</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burton-Brown, T., "Studies in Third Millennium History", London: Luzac, 1946</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ijas.usb.ac.ir/article_463_86ae7e8194e7cb62c7858f56b743231e.pdf">[3]</a>Vidale, Massimo, "A Vessel for Building Another Vessel. A Technical Template of the Late 4th Millennium BCE in the Central-Eastern of the Iranian Plateau?", Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies 1.2, pp. 9-16, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frangipane, M. and Palmieri, A., "Perspectives on proto-urbanisation in eastern Anatolia: Arslantepe (Malatya)", Origini 1212, pp. 287-668, 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://journals.openedition.org/paleorient/375">[4]</a>Abu Jayyab, Khaled, et al., "Late Chalcolithic occupation at Tell er-Ramadi (Syria): Results of the 2004-2006 salvage excavations", Paléorient. Revue pluridisciplinaire de préhistoire et de protohistoire de l’Asie du Sud-Ouest et de l’Asie centrale 46 1-2, pp. 133-160, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Shimabuku, "Terqa Final Reports No. 2: Tell Qraya on the Middle Euphrates", BM 32, Undena, 2020 ISBN 978-0-9798937-7-3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sánchez, Jorge Sanjurjo, and Juan Luis Montero Fenollós, "Restudying the Beveled Rim Bowls: new preliminary data from two Uruk sites in the Syrian Middle Euphrates", Journal of Ancient History, pp. 263-280, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/download/reportonexcavati13mack/reportonexcavati13mack.pdf">[5]</a> Ernest Mackay, Report on the Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, Iraq, Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropology, Memoirs, vol. I, no. 3, Chicago, 1931</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell Thompson, "The British Museum Excavations at Abu Shahrain in Mesopotamia in 1918", Archaeologia 70, pp. 101-44, 1920</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollock, Susan, "Abu Salabikh, the Uruk Mound 1985-86", Iraq, vol. 49, pp. 121–41, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Campbell Thompson and R. W. Hamilton, "The British Museum excavations on the temple of Ishtar at Nineveh 1930–31", Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. 19, pp. 55–116, 1932</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/oip63.pdf">[6]</a> Pinhas Delougaz, "Pottery from the Diyala Region", Oriental Institute Publications 63, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1952, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-14233-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-14233-7">0-226-14233-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van De Mieroop, M., "A history of the ancient Near East", Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherratt, A., "Troy, Maikop, Altyn Depe: Early Bronze Age Urbanism and its Periphery (1991)", Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe: Changing Perspectives, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 457-470, 1997</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beale T., "Bevelled Rim Bowls and their Implications for Change and Economic Organization in the Later Fourth Millennium B.C.", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 37, pp. 289-313, 1978</li> <li>Berman, Judith C., "Neutron activation analysis of beveled rim bowls and other Uruk ceramics from the Susiana Plain, Southwestern Iran", Paléorient 15.1, pp. 289-290, 1989</li> <li>Buccellati, G, "Salt at the Dawn of History: the Case of Bevelled-Rim Bowls", in J. Gero/M. Conkey (Hrsg.), Ressurecting the past: a Joint tribute to Adnan Bounni, Oxdford pp. 17-37, 1990</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/77199/1/external_content.pdf#page=27">[7]</a>Hopkinson, Beatrice, and Giorgio Buccellati, "The Qraya Salt Experiment Reenacting Salt Production Processes of Protohistoric Mesopotamia", Mirrors of Salt, pp. 17-37, 2023</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://journal.richt.ir/mbp/article-1-317-en.html">[8]</a>Azizi Kharanaghi, Mohammad Hossein, et al., "New Evidence of Beveled Rim Bowls from Kale Kub, South Khorasan Province", Parseh Journal of Archaeological Studies 4.12, pp. 29-48, 2020</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/87752736/05786967.2012.1183471020220620-1-fgzcip.pdf">[9]</a>Mayyas, A., et al., "Beeswax preserved in a Late Chalcolithic bevelled-rim bowl from the tehran plain, Iran", Iran 50.1, pp. 13-25, 2012</li> <li>Millard, A.R., "The Bevelled-Rim Bowls: Their Purpose and Significance", British Institute for the Study of Iraq, vol. 50, pp. 49-57, 1988</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X22003935">[10]</a> Perruchini, Elsa, et al. "Revealing invisible stews: new results of organic residue analyses of Beveled Rim Bowls from the Late Chalcolithic site of Shakhi Kora, Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 48, 2023</li> <li>Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge, et al., "Geochemical study of beveled rim bowls from the Middle Syrian Euphrates sites", Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 7, pp. 808-818, 2016</li> <li>Sanjurjo-Sánchez, Jorge, Joeri Kaal, and Juan Luis Montero Fenollós, "Organic matter from bevelled rim bowls of the Middle Euphrates: Results from molecular characterization using pyrolysis-GC–MS", Microchemical Journal 141, 1-6, 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/97781397/j.microc.2018.06.00920230125-1-awqtbi.pdf">[11]</a>Sanjurjo-Sanchez, Jorge, et al., "Assessing the firing temperature of Uruk pottery in the Middle Euphrates Valley (Syria): Bevelled rim bowls", Microchemical Journal 142, pp. 43-53, 2018</li> <li>Abbasnejad Seresti, Rahmat, and Roghayyeh Sattari Galoogahi, "Beveled rim bowls of the eastern half of the iranian plateau: examination and analysis", Journal of Sistan and Baluchistan Studies 2.2, pp. 25-34, 2022</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://orb.binghamton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1026&context=dissertation_and_theses">[12]</a>Stimpfl, Arianna M., "Pottery is King: Bevel Rim Bowls and Power in Early Urban Societies of the Ancient Near East", MS thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2017</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&oldid=1259857153">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beveled_rim_bowl&oldid=1259857153</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th-millennium_BC_works" title="Category:4th-millennium BC works">4th-millennium BC works</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_pottery" title="Category:Ancient pottery">Ancient pottery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Mesopotamia" title="Category:Ancient Mesopotamia">Ancient Mesopotamia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_artifacts" title="Category:Archaeological artifacts">Archaeological artifacts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Uruk_period" title="Category:Uruk period">Uruk period</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 13:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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