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system</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: vacuum system"> <meta name="keywords" content="vacuum system"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="vacuum system"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17884</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vacuum system</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17854</span> Decreasing of Oil Absorption in Vacuum Fried Mango Chips by Using Hydrocolloids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuntaporn%20Aukkanit">Nuntaporn Aukkanit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective of this study was to investigate hydrocolloids (pectin, carboxyl methylcellulose, and alginate) for their influences on the oil absorption in vacuum fried mango chips. Usage of hydrocolloids significantly (p≤0.05) affected fried mango oil uptake. Control samples (without hydrocolloids) had high fat content at 24.57g/100g whereas other samples, treated with 0.5g pectin/100ml water exhibited the highest decrease of oil absorption. Fat content of chips, treated with 0.5 g pectin /100ml was 14.01g/100g. With this concentration of pectin at 0.5 g /100ml, fat content could be reduced by 43%. Moreover, chips treated with 0.5 g pectin/100ml water had the highest sensory scores (color, appearance, crispiness and overall acceptability). These results showed that pectin was the most effective hydrocolloid for low fat vacuum fried mango chips production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alginate" title="alginate">alginate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxyl%20methylcellulose" title=" carboxyl methylcellulose"> carboxyl methylcellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocolloids" title=" hydrocolloids"> hydrocolloids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20absorption" title=" oil absorption"> oil absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectin" title=" pectin"> pectin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20fried%20mango%20chips" title=" vacuum fried mango chips"> vacuum fried mango chips</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10218/decreasing-of-oil-absorption-in-vacuum-fried-mango-chips-by-using-hydrocolloids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17853</span> Experimental and Numerical Performance Analysis for Steam Jet Ejectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellah%20Hanafi">Abdellah Hanafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Mostafa"> G. M. Mostafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mortada"> Mohamed Mortada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Hamed"> Ahmed Hamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The steam ejectors are the heart of most of the desalination systems that employ vacuum. The systems that employ low grade thermal energy sources like solar energy and geothermal energy use the ejector to drive the system instead of high grade electric energy. The jet-ejector is used to create vacuum employing the flow of steam or air and using the severe pressure drop at the outlet of the main nozzle. The present work involves developing a one dimensional mathematical model for designing jet-ejectors and transform it into computer code using Engineering Equation solver (EES) software. The model receives the required operating conditions at the inlets and outlet of the ejector as inputs and produces the corresponding dimensions required to reach these conditions. The one-dimensional model has been validated using an existed model working on Abu-Qir power station. A prototype has been designed according to the one-dimensional model and attached to a special test bench to be tested before using it in the solar desalination pilot plant. The tested ejector will be responsible for the startup evacuation of the system and adjusting the vacuum of the evaporating effects. The tested prototype has shown a good agreement with the results of the code. In addition a numerical analysis has been applied on one of the designed geometry to give an image of the pressure and velocity distribution inside the ejector from a side, and from other side, to show the difference in results between the two-dimensional ideal gas model and real prototype. The commercial edition of ANSYS Fluent v.14 software is used to solve the two-dimensional axisymmetric case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title="solar energy">solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20ejector" title=" jet ejector"> jet ejector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum" title=" vacuum"> vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporating%20effects" title=" evaporating effects"> evaporating effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25868/experimental-and-numerical-performance-analysis-for-steam-jet-ejectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">620</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17852</span> A New Design of Vacuum Membrane Distillation Module for Water Desalination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Alhathal%20Alanezi">Adnan Alhathal Alanezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process for water desalination was investigated utilizing a new design membrane module using two commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet hydrophobic membranes. The membrane module's design demonstrated its suitability for achieving a high heat transfer coefficient of the order of 103 (W/m2K) and a high Reynolds number (Re). The heat and mass transport coefficients within the membrane module were measured using VMD experiments. The permeate flux has been examined in relation to process parameters such as feed temperature, feed flow rate, vacuum degree, and feed concentration. Because the feed temperature, feed flow rate, and vacuum degree all play a role in improving the performance of the VMD process, optimizing all of these parameters is the best method to achieve a high permeate flux. In VMD desalination, the PTFE membrane outperformed the PVDF membrane. When compared to previous studies, the obtained water flux is relatively high, reaching 43.8 and 52.6 (kg/m2h) for PVDF and PTFE, respectively. For both membranes, the salt rejection of NaCl was greater than 99%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title="desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20membrane%20distillation" title=" vacuum membrane distillation"> vacuum membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTFE%20and%20PVDF" title=" PTFE and PVDF"> PTFE and PVDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20membranes" title=" hydrophobic membranes"> hydrophobic membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O-ring%20membrane%20module" title=" O-ring membrane module"> O-ring membrane module</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178814/a-new-design-of-vacuum-membrane-distillation-module-for-water-desalination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17851</span> Solar Aided Vacuum Desalination of Sea-Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miraz%20Hafiz%20Rossy">Miraz Hafiz Rossy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As part of planning to address shortfalls in fresh water supply for the world, Sea water can be a huge source of fresh water. But Desalinating sea water to get fresh water could require a lots of fossil fuels. To save the fossil fuel in terms of save the green world but meet the up growing need for fresh water, a very useful but energy efficient method needs to be introduced. Vacuum desalination of sea water using only the Renewable energy can be an effective solution to this issue. Taking advantage of sensitivity of water's boiling point to air pressure a vacuum desalination water treatment plant can be designed which would only use sea water as feed water and solar energy as fuel to produce fresh drinking water. The study indicates that reducing the air pressure to a certain value water can be boiled at very low temperature. Using solar energy to provide the condensation and the vacuum creation would be very useful and efficient. Compared to existing resources, desalination is considered to be expensive, but using only renewable energy the cost can be reduced significantly. Despite its very few drawbacks, it can be considered a possible solution to the world's fresh water shortages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination" title="desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scarcity%20of%20fresh%20water" title=" scarcity of fresh water"> scarcity of fresh water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20purification" title=" water purification"> water purification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73292/solar-aided-vacuum-desalination-of-sea-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17850</span> An Investigation into Sealing Materials for Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Onyegbule">Paul Onyegbule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harjit%20Singh"> Harjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vacuum glazing is an innovative transparent thermal insulator that has application in high performance window, especially in renewable energy. Different materials as well as sealing methods have been adopted to seal windows with different temperatures. The impact of temperatures on sealing layers has been found to have significant effects on the microstructure of the seal. This paper seeks to investigate the effects of sealing materials specifically glass powder and flux compound (borax) for vacuum glazing. The findings of the experiment conducted show that the sealing material was rigid with some leakage around the edge, and we found that this could be stopped by enhancing the uniformity of the seal within the periphery. Also, we found that due to the intense tensile stress from the oven surface temperature of the seal at 200 <sup>0</sup>C, a crack was observed at the side of the glass. Based on the above findings, this study concludes that a glass powder with a lower melting temperature of below 250 <sup>0</sup>C with the addition of an adhesive (borax flux) should be used for future vacuum seals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20glazed%20windows" title="double glazed windows">double glazed windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U-value" title=" U-value"> U-value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20loss" title=" heat loss"> heat loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borax%20powder" title=" borax powder"> borax powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20seal" title=" edge seal"> edge seal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85317/an-investigation-into-sealing-materials-for-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17849</span> The Tribological Behaviors of Vacuum Gas Nitriding Titanium and Steel Substrates at Different Process Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hikmet%20Cicek">Hikmet Cicek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal nitrides show excellence tribological properties and they used for especially on machine parts. In this work, the vacuum gas nitriding proses were applied to the titanium, D2 and 52100 steel substrates at three different proses temperatures (500 °C, 600°C and 700 °C). Structural, mechanical and tribological properties of the samples were characterized. X-Ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses were conducted to determine structural properties. Microhardness test and pin-on-disc wear test were made to observe tribological properties. Coefficient of friction, wear rate and wear traces were examined comparatively. According to the test results, the process temperature very effective parameter for the vacuum gas nitriding method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20nitriding" title="gas nitriding">gas nitriding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90195/the-tribological-behaviors-of-vacuum-gas-nitriding-titanium-and-steel-substrates-at-different-process-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17848</span> The Effects of Drying Technology on Rehydration Time and Quality of Mung Bean Vermicelli</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Tien">N. P. Tien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Songsermpong"> S. Songsermpong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20Quan"> T. H. Quan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mung bean vermicelli is a popular food in Asian countries and is made from mung bean starch. The preparation process involves several steps, including drying, which affects the structure and quality of the vermicelli. This study aims to examine the effects of different drying technologies on the rehydration time and quality of mung bean vermicelli. Three drying technologies, namely hot air drying, microwave continuous drying, and microwave vacuum drying, were used for the drying process. The vermicelli strands were dried at 45°C for 12h in a hot air dryer, at 70 Hz of conveyor belt speed inverter in a microwave continuous dryer, and at 30 W.g⁻¹ of microwave power density in a microwave vacuum dryer. The results showed that mung bean vermicelli dried using hot air drying had the longest rehydration time of 12.69 minutes. On the other hand, vermicelli dried through microwave continuous drying and microwave vacuum drying had shorter rehydration times of 2.79 minutes and 2.14 minutes, respectively. Microwave vacuum drying also resulted in larger porosity, higher water absorption, and cooking loss. The tensile strength and elasticity of vermicelli dried using hot air drying were higher compared to microwave drying technologies. The sensory evaluation did not reveal significant differences in most attributes among the vermicelli treatments. Overall, microwave drying technology proved to be effective in reducing rehydration time and producing good-quality mung bean vermicelli. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mung%20bean%20vermicelli" title="mung bean vermicelli">mung bean vermicelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20air" title=" hot air"> hot air</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20continuous" title=" microwave continuous"> microwave continuous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20vacuum" title=" microwave vacuum"> microwave vacuum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170532/the-effects-of-drying-technology-on-rehydration-time-and-quality-of-mung-bean-vermicelli" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17847</span> Study of a Developed Model Describing a Vacuum Membrane Distillation Unit Coupled to Solar Energy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Khaled">Fatma Khaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaoula%20Hidouri"> Khaoula Hidouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bechir%20Chaouachi"> Bechir Chaouachi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desalination using solar energy coupled with membrane techniques such as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) is considered as an interesting alternative for the production of pure water. During this work, a developed model of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membrane module of a VMD unit of seawater was carried out. This simulation leads to establishing a comparison between the effects of two different equations of the vaporization latent heat on the membrane surface temperature and on the unit productivity. Besides, in order to study the effect of putting membrane modules in series on the outlet fluid temperature and on the productivity of the process, a simulation was executed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20membrane%20distillation" title="vacuum membrane distillation">vacuum membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20module" title=" membrane module"> membrane module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20temperature" title=" membrane temperature"> membrane temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107225/study-of-a-developed-model-describing-a-vacuum-membrane-distillation-unit-coupled-to-solar-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17846</span> Development of a Rice Fortification Technique Using Vacuum Assisted Rapid Diffusion for Low Cost Encapsulation of Fe and Zn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20C.%20H.%20Seneviratne">R. A. C. H. Seneviratne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gunawardana"> M. Gunawardana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20N.%20P.%20Rajapakse"> R. P. N. P. Rajapakse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To address the micronutrient deficiencies in the Asian region, the World Food Program in its current mandate highlights the requirement of employing efficient fortification of micronutrients in rice, under the program 'Scaling-up Rice Fortification in Asia'. The current industrial methods of rice fortification with micronutrients are not promising due to poor permeation or retention of fortificants. This study was carried out to develop a method to improve fortification of micronutrients in rice by removing the air barriers for diffusing micronutrients through the husk. For the purpose, soaking stage of paddy was coupled with vacuum (- 0.6 bar) for different time periods. Both long and short grain varieties of paddy (BG 352 and BG 358, respectively) initially tested for water uptake during hot soaking (70 °C) under vacuum (28.5 and 26.15%, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of non-vacuum conditions (25.24 and 25.45% respectively), exhibiting the effectiveness of water diffusion into the rice grains through the cleared pores under negative pressure. To fortify the selected micronutrients (iron and zinc), paddy was vacuum-soaked in Fe2+ or Zn2+ solutions (500 ppm) separately for one hour, and continued soaking for another 3.5 h without vacuum. Significantly (P<0.05) higher amounts of Fe2+ and Zn2+ were observed throughout the soaking period, in both short and long grain varieties of rice compared to rice treated without vacuum. To achieve the recommended limits of World Food Program standards for fortified iron (40-48 mg/kg) and zinc (60-72 mg/kg) in rice, soaking was done with different concentrations of Fe2+ or Zn2+ for varying time periods. For both iron and zinc fortifications, hot soaking (70 °C) in 400 ppm solutions under vacuum (- 0.6 bar) during the first hour followed by 2.5 h under atmospheric pressure exhibited the optimum fortification (Fe2+: 46.59±0.37 ppm and Zn2+: 67.24±1.36 ppm) with a greater significance (P < 0.05) compared to the controls (Fe2+: 38.84±0.62 ppm and Zn2+: 52.55±0.55 ppm). This finding was further confirmed by the XRF images, clearly showing a greater fixation of Fe2+ and Zn2+ in the rice grains under vacuum treatment. Moreover, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences among both Fe2+ and Zn2+ contents in fortified rice even after polishing and washing, confirming their greater retention. A seven point hedonic scale showed that the overall acceptability for both iron and zinc fortified rice were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the parboiled rice without fortificants. With all the drawbacks eliminated, per kilogram cost will be less than US$ 1 for both iron and zinc fortified rice. The new method of rice fortification studied and developed in this research, can be claimed as the best method in comparison to other rice fortification methods currently deployed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fortification" title="fortification">fortification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20assisted%20diffusion" title=" vacuum assisted diffusion"> vacuum assisted diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronutrients" title=" micronutrients"> micronutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parboiling" title=" parboiling"> parboiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50789/development-of-a-rice-fortification-technique-using-vacuum-assisted-rapid-diffusion-for-low-cost-encapsulation-of-fe-and-zn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17845</span> Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Complex Injuries of the Limbs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihail%20Nagea">Mihail Nagea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivera%20Lupescu"> Olivera Lupescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolae%20Ciurea"> Nicolae Ciurea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandru%20Dimitriu"> Alexandru Dimitriu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20Grosu"> Alina Grosu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: As severe open injuries are more and more frequent in modern traumatology, threatening not only the integrity of the affected limb but even the life of the patients, new methods desired to cope with the consequences of these traumas were described. Vacuum therapy is one such method which has been described as enhancing healing in trauma with extensive soft-tissue injuries, included those with septic complications. Material and methods: Authors prospectively analyze 15 patients with severe lower limb trauma with MESS less than 6, with considerable soft tissue loss following initial debridement and fracture fixation. The patients needed serial debridements and vacuum therapy was applied after delayed healing due to initial severity of the trauma, for an average period of 12 days (7 - 23 days).In 7 cases vacuum therapy was applied for septic complications. Results: Within the study group, there were no local complications; secondary debridements were performed for all the patients and vacuum system was re-installed after these debridements. No amputations were needed. Medical records were reviewed in order to compare the outcome of the patients: the hospital stay, anti-microbial therapy, time to healing of the bone and soft tissues (there is no standard group to be compared with) and the result showed considerable improvements in the outcome of the patients. Conclusion: Vacuum therapy improves healing of the soft tissues, including those infected; hospital stay and the number of secondary necessary procedures are reduced. Therefore it is considered a valuable support in treating trauma of the limbs with severe soft tissue injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20injuries" title="complex injuries">complex injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20pressure" title=" negative pressure"> negative pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20fractures" title=" open fractures"> open fractures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20therapy" title=" wound therapy"> wound therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64345/negative-pressure-wound-therapy-in-complex-injuries-of-the-limbs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17844</span> Preservation of Sensitive Biological Products: An Insight into Conventional and Upcoming Drying Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jannika%20Dombrowski">Jannika Dombrowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabine%20Ambros"> Sabine Ambros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Kulozik"> Ulrich Kulozik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several drying techniques are used to preserve sensitive substances such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria. With the aim to better understand differences between these processes, this work gives new insights into structural variations resulting from different preservation methods and their impact on product quality and storage stability. Industrially established methods (freeze drying, spray drying) were compared to upcoming vacuum, microwave-freeze, and microwave-vacuum drying. For freeze and microwave-freeze dried samples, survival and activity maintained 100%, whereas vacuum and microwave-vacuum dried cultures achieved 30-40% survival. Spray drying yielded in lowest viability. The results are directly related to temperature and oxygen content during drying. Interestingly, most storage stable products resulted from vacuum and microwave-vacuum drying due to denser product structures as determined by helium pycnometry and SEM images. Further, lower water adsorption velocities were responsible for lower inactivation rates. Concluding, resulting product structures as well as survival rates and storage stability mainly depend on the type of water removal instead of energy input. Microwave energy compared to conductive heating did not lead to significant differences regarding the examined factors. Correlations could be proven for three investigated microbial strains. The presentation will be completed by an overview on the energy efficiency of the presented methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drying%20techniques" title="drying techniques">drying techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid%20bacteria" title=" lactic acid bacteria"> lactic acid bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotics" title=" probiotics"> probiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survival%20rates" title=" survival rates"> survival rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20characterization" title=" structure characterization"> structure characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67571/preservation-of-sensitive-biological-products-an-insight-into-conventional-and-upcoming-drying-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17843</span> Molecular Clustering and Velocity Increase in Converging-Diverging Nozzle in Molecular Dynamics Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeoungsu%20Na">Jeoungsu Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaehawn%20Lee"> Jaehawn Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changil%20Hong"> Changil Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhee%20Kim"> Suhee Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A molecular dynamics simulation in a converging-diverging nozzle was performed to study molecular collisions and their influence to average flow velocity according to a variety of vacuum levels. The static pressures and the dynamic pressure exerted by the molecule collision on the selected walls were compared to figure out the intensity variances of the directional flows. With pressure differences constant between the entrance and the exit of the nozzle, the numerical experiment was performed for molecular velocities and directional flows. The result shows that the velocities increased at the nozzle exit as the vacuum level gets higher in that area because less molecular collisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title="cavitation">cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20collision" title=" molecular collision"> molecular collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nozzle" title=" nozzle"> nozzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum" title=" vacuum"> vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20increase" title=" velocity increase"> velocity increase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61069/molecular-clustering-and-velocity-increase-in-converging-diverging-nozzle-in-molecular-dynamics-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17842</span> Discontinuous Spacetime with Vacuum Holes as Explanation for Gravitation, Quantum Mechanics and Teleportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantin%20Z.%20Leshan">Constantin Z. Leshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hole Vacuum theory is based on discontinuous spacetime that contains vacuum holes. Vacuum holes can explain gravitation, some laws of quantum mechanics and allow teleportation of matter. All massive bodies emit a flux of holes which curve the spacetime; if we increase the concentration of holes, it leads to length contraction and time dilation because the holes do not have the properties of extension and duration. In the limited case when space consists of holes only, the distance between every two points is equal to zero and time stops - outside of the Universe, the extension and duration properties do not exist. For this reason, the vacuum hole is the only particle in physics capable of describing gravitation using its own properties only. All microscopic particles must 'jump' continually and 'vibrate' due to the appearance of holes (impassable microscopic 'walls' in space), and it is the cause of the quantum behavior. Vacuum holes can explain the entanglement, non-locality, wave properties of matter, tunneling, uncertainty principle and so on. Particles do not have trajectories because spacetime is discontinuous and has impassable microscopic 'walls' due to the simple mechanical motion is impossible at small scale distances; it is impossible to 'trace' a straight line in the discontinuous spacetime because it contains the impassable holes. Spacetime 'boils' continually due to the appearance of the vacuum holes. For teleportation to be possible, we must send a body outside of the Universe by enveloping it with a closed surface consisting of vacuum holes. Since a material body cannot exist outside of the Universe, it reappears instantaneously in a random point of the Universe. Since a body disappears in one volume and reappears in another random volume without traversing the physical space between them, such a transportation method can be called teleportation (or Hole Teleportation). It is shown that Hole Teleportation does not violate causality and special relativity due to its random nature and other properties. Although Hole Teleportation has a random nature, it can be used for colonization of extrasolar planets by the help of the method called 'random jumps': after a large number of random teleportation jumps, there is a probability that the spaceship may appear near a habitable planet. We can create vacuum holes experimentally using the method proposed by Descartes: we must remove a body from the vessel without permitting another body to occupy this volume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20of%20the%20Universe" title="border of the Universe">border of the Universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality%20violation" title=" causality violation"> causality violation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perfect%20isolation" title=" perfect isolation"> perfect isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20jumps" title=" quantum jumps"> quantum jumps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259/discontinuous-spacetime-with-vacuum-holes-as-explanation-for-gravitation-quantum-mechanics-and-teleportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17841</span> Thermal Vacuum Chamber Test Result for CubeSat Transmitter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitri%20D.%20Jaswar">Fitri D. Jaswar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tharek%20A.%20Rahman"> Tharek A. Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20A.%20Ahmad"> Yasser A. Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CubeSat in low earth orbit (LEO) mainly uses ultra high frequency (UHF) transmitter with fixed radio frequency (RF) output power to download the telemetry and the payload data. The transmitter consumes large amount of electrical energy during the transmission considering the limited satellite size of a CubeSat. A transmitter with power control ability is designed to achieve optimize the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and efficient power consumption. In this paper, the thermal vacuum chamber (TVAC) test is performed to validate the performance of the UHF band transmitter with power control capability. The TVAC is used to simulate the satellite condition in the outer space environment. The TVAC test was conducted at the Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan. The TVAC test used 4 thermal cycles starting from +60°C to -20°C for the temperature setting. The pressure condition inside chamber was less than 10-5Pa. During the test, the UHF transmitter is integrated in a CubeSat configuration with other CubeSat subsystem such as on board computer (OBC), power module, and satellite structure. The system is validated and verified through its performance in terms of its frequency stability and the RF output power. The UHF band transmitter output power is tested from 0.5W to 2W according the satellite mode of operations and the satellite power limitations. The frequency stability is measured and the performance obtained is less than 2 ppm in the tested operating temperature range. The test demonstrates the RF output power is adjustable in a thermal vacuum condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20system" title="communication system">communication system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CubeSat" title=" CubeSat"> CubeSat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHF%20transmitter" title=" UHF transmitter"> UHF transmitter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56669/thermal-vacuum-chamber-test-result-for-cubesat-transmitter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17840</span> Extractive Fermentation of Ethanol Using Vacuum Fractionation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weeraya%20Samnuknit">Weeraya Samnuknit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apichat%20Boontawan"> Apichat Boontawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A vacuum fractionation technique was introduced to remove ethanol from fermentation broth. The effect of initial glucose and ethanol concentrations were investigated for specific productivity. The inhibitory ethanol concentration was observed at 100 g/L. In order to increase the fermentation performance, the ethanol product was removed as soon as it is produced. The broth was boiled at 35°C by reducing the pressure to 65 mBar. The ethanol/water vapor was fractionated for up to 90 wt% before leaving the column. Ethanol concentration in the broth was kept lower than 25 g/L, thus minimized the product inhibition effect to the yeast cells. For batch extractive fermentation, a high substrate utilization rate was obtained at 26.6 g/L.h and most of glucose was consumed within 21 h. For repeated-batch extractive fermentation, addition of glucose was carried out up to 9 times and ethanol was produced more than 8-fold higher than batch fermentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title="ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extractive%20fermentation" title=" extractive fermentation"> extractive fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20inhibition" title=" product inhibition"> product inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20fractionation" title=" vacuum fractionation"> vacuum fractionation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12965/extractive-fermentation-of-ethanol-using-vacuum-fractionation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17839</span> Improvement of Egyptian Vacuum Distillates by Solvent Dewaxing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehssan%20M.%20R.%20Nassef">Ehssan M. R. Nassef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> De-waxing of vacuum distillates by using solvent was investigated in the present study. The present work deals with studying solvent dewaxing system which have been developed to give better dewaxing performance with respect to the important factors in the choice of solvents which are good solubility of oil in the solvent and low solubility of wax in the solvent. In this study, solvent dewaxing process using Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) and toluene are used for Egyptian vacuum distillates using two types of distillates. The effect of varying the composition of(MEK to toluene) on the percent yield of the oil, percent of wax, pour point, refractive index at 20 and 70°C, viscosity at 40 and 100°C, viscosity index and specific gravity of the oil produced for the two types of distillates (I & II) were evaluated. In the present study, the operating conditions of solvent dewaxing using MEK toluene mixture achieved the best pour point at -15°C for distillate I at (1:1) solvent composition mixture. At the same ratio of MEK to toluene the best specific gravity of oil produced changed from 0.871 to 0.8802, with refractive index of 1.84. Percent yield of 65% for oil was obtained. The results for distillate II, of higher specific gravity, are comparatively higher than those for distillate I. The effect of temperature was also investigated and the best temperature was -20°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dewaxing" title="dewaxing">dewaxing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20dewaxing" title=" solvent dewaxing"> solvent dewaxing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pour%20point" title=" pour point"> pour point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubricating%20oil%20production" title=" lubricating oil production"> lubricating oil production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wax" title=" wax "> wax </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22202/improvement-of-egyptian-vacuum-distillates-by-solvent-dewaxing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17838</span> Endoscopic Treatment of Esophageal Injuries Using Vacuum Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murad%20Gasanov">Murad Gasanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shagen%20Danielyan"> Shagen Danielyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gasanov"> Ali Gasanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Teterin"> Yuri Teterin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Yartsev"> Peter Yartsev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Despite the advances made in modern surgery, the treatment of patients with esophageal injuries remains one of the most topical and complex issues. In recent years, high-technology minimally invasive methods, such as endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) in the treatment of esophageal injuries. The effectiveness of EVT has been sufficiently studied in case of failure of esophageal anastomoses, however the application of this method in case of mechanical esophageal injuries is limited by a small series of observations, indicating the necessity of additional study. Aim: The aim was to аnalyzed of own experience in the use of endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) in a comprehensive examination of patients with esophageal injuries. Methods: We analyzed the results of treatment of 24 patients with mechanical injuries of the esophagus for the period 2019-2021. Complex treatment of patients included the use of minimally invasive technologies, including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), EVT and video-assisted thoracoscopic debridement. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out using multislice computed tomography (MSCT), endoscopy and laboratory tests. The duration of inpatient treatment and the duration of EVT, the number of system replacements, complications and mortality were taken into account. Result: EVT in patients with mechanical injuries of the esophagus allowed to achieve epithelialization of the esophageal defect in 21 patients (87.5%) in the form of linear scar on the site of perforation or pseudodiverticulum. Complications were noted in 4 patients (16.6%), including bleeding (2) and and esophageal stenosis in the perforation area (2). Lethal outcome was in one observation (4.2%). Conclusion. EVT may be the method of choice in complex treatment in patients with esophageal lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esophagus%20injuries" title="esophagus injuries">esophagus injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20to%20the%20esophagus" title=" damage to the esophagus"> damage to the esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforation%20of%20the%20esophagus" title=" perforation of the esophagus"> perforation of the esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spontaneous%20perforation%20of%20the%20esophagus" title=" spontaneous perforation of the esophagus"> spontaneous perforation of the esophagus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediastinitis" title=" mediastinitis"> mediastinitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopic%20vacuum%20therapy" title=" endoscopic vacuum therapy"> endoscopic vacuum therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159374/endoscopic-treatment-of-esophageal-injuries-using-vacuum-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17837</span> Effect of Supply Frequency on Pre-Breakdown and Breakdown Phenomena in Unbridged Vacuum Gaps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.C.%20Balachandra">T.C. Balachandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habibuddin%20Shaik"> Habibuddin Shaik </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents experimental results leading towards a better understanding of pre-breakdown and breakdown behavior of vacuum gaps under variable frequency alternating excitations. The frequency variation is in the range of 30 to 300 Hz in steps of 10 Hz for a fixed gap spacing of 0.5 mm. The results indicate that the pre-breakdown currents show an inverse relation with the breakdown voltage in general though erratic behavior was observed over a certain range of frequencies. A breakdown voltage peak was observed at 130 Hz. This was pronounced when the electrode pair was of stainless steel and less pronounced when copper and aluminum electrodes were used. The experimental results are explained based on F-N emission, I-F emission, and also thermal interaction due to quasi-continuous shower of anode micro-particles. Further, it is speculated that the ostensible cause for time delay between voltage and current peaks is due to the presence of neutral molecules in the gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anode%20hot-spots" title="anode hot-spots">anode hot-spots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F-N%20emission" title=" F-N emission"> F-N emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-F%20emission" title=" I-F emission"> I-F emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microparticle" title=" microparticle"> microparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutral%20molecules" title=" neutral molecules"> neutral molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-breakdown%20conduction" title=" pre-breakdown conduction"> pre-breakdown conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20breakdown" title=" vacuum breakdown"> vacuum breakdown</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114665/effect-of-supply-frequency-on-pre-breakdown-and-breakdown-phenomena-in-unbridged-vacuum-gaps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17836</span> Electrospray Deposition Technique of Dye Molecules in the Vacuum </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouf%20Alharbi">Nouf Alharbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrospray deposition technique became an important method that enables fragile, nonvolatile molecules to be deposited in situ in high vacuum environments. Furthermore, it is considered one of the ways to close the gap between basic surface science and molecular engineering, which represents a gradual change in the range of scientist research. Also, this paper talked about one of the most important techniques that have been developed and aimed for helping to further develop and characterize the electrospray by providing data collected using an image charge detection instrument. Image charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is used to measure speed and charge distributions of the molecular ions. As well as, some data has been included using SIMION simulation to simulate the energies and masses of the molecular ions through the system in order to refine the mass-selection process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge" title="charge">charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospray" title=" electrospray"> electrospray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image" title=" image"> image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ions" title=" ions"> ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecules" title=" molecules"> molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMION" title=" SIMION"> SIMION</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134621/electrospray-deposition-technique-of-dye-molecules-in-the-vacuum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17835</span> Modelling of Lunar Lander’s Thruster’s Exhaust Plume Impingement in Vacuum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mrigank%20Sahai">Mrigank Sahai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sri%20Raghu"> R. Sri Raghu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the modelling of rocket exhaust plume flow field and exhaust plume impingement in vacuum for the liquid apogee engine and attitude control thrusters of the lunar lander. Analytic formulations for rarefied gas kinetics has been taken as reference for modelling the plume flow field. The plume has been modelled as high speed, collision-less, axi-symmetric gas jet, expanding into vacuum and impinging at a normally set diffusive circular plate. Specular reflections have not been considered for the present study. Different parameters such as number density, temperature, pressure, flow velocity, heat flux etc., have been calculated and have been plotted against and compared to Direct Simulation Monte Carlo results. These analyses have provided important information for the placement of critical optical instruments and design of optimal thermal insulation for the hardware that may come in contact with the thruster exhaust. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision-less%20gas" title="collision-less gas">collision-less gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20lander" title=" lunar lander"> lunar lander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plume%20impingement" title=" plume impingement"> plume impingement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rarefied%20exhaust%20plume" title=" rarefied exhaust plume"> rarefied exhaust plume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58713/modelling-of-lunar-landers-thrusters-exhaust-plume-impingement-in-vacuum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17834</span> A Statistical Model for the Dynamics of Single Cathode Spot in Vacuum Cylindrical Cathode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Po-Wen%20Chen">Po-Wen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Yu%20Wu"> Jin-Yu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Manirul%20Ali"> Md. Manirul Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Peng"> Yang Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Te%20Chang"> Chen-Te Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Jun%20Jan"> Der-Jun Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamics of cathode spot has become a major part of vacuum arc discharge with its high academic interest and wide application potential. In this article, using a three-dimensional statistical model, we simulate the distribution of the ignition probability of a new cathode spot occurring in different magnetic pressure on old cathode spot surface and at different arcing time. This model for the ignition probability of a new cathode spot was proposed in two typical situations, one by the pure isotropic random walk in the absence of an external magnetic field, other by the retrograde motion in external magnetic field, in parallel with the cathode surface. We mainly focus on developed relationship between the ignition probability density distribution of a new cathode spot and the external magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cathode%20spot" title="cathode spot">cathode spot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20arc%20discharge" title=" vacuum arc discharge"> vacuum arc discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transverse%20magnetic%20field" title=" transverse magnetic field"> transverse magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20walk" title=" random walk"> random walk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52417/a-statistical-model-for-the-dynamics-of-single-cathode-spot-in-vacuum-cylindrical-cathode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17833</span> Study on Shelf Life and Textural Properties of Minimal Processed Mixed Fruits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaavya%20Rathnakumar">Kaavya Rathnakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Minimally processed fruits have the attributes of convenience and fresh like quality. In minimally processed products, the cells of the tissue are alive, and the essential nutrients and flavours are retained. Some of the procedures include washing, trimming, sorting, cutting, slicing and shredding. Fruits such as pineapple and guava were taken for the study of textural properties for a period of five days. After the performance of various unit operations 50g cubes of pineapple and guava has been weighed. For determining the textural properties, samples were taken in which set of 12 samples were treated by using 1% citric acid solution and dried for 5 minutes the remaining set of 12 samples were untreated. In set of treated samples 6 were vacuum packed and stored in the refrigerator, and the other sample was normally stored. For untreated samples was done in a similar way. In texture profile analysis the force required for 1cm penetration of 2mm cylindrical needle inside the fruits were recorded for all packages. It was observed that guava the fresh sample had a force of penetration of 3250mm and as the days increased the force decreased to 357.4 mm for vacuum packed refrigerated storage. In the case of pineapple, the force of penetration of the fresh sample was 2325mm which was decreased to 26.3mm on the fourth day and very low at the fifth day for vacuum packed refrigerated storage. But in case of untreated samples, the fruits were spoiled may be because of no pre-treatment and packaging. Comparatively, it was found that vacuum packed refrigerated samples had higher shelf life than normal packed samples in ambient conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1%25%20citric%20acid%20solution" title="1% citric acid solution">1% citric acid solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20packed" title=" normal packed"> normal packed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refrigerated%20storage" title=" refrigerated storage"> refrigerated storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20packed" title=" vacuum packed"> vacuum packed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56556/study-on-shelf-life-and-textural-properties-of-minimal-processed-mixed-fruits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17832</span> The Control System Architecture of Space Environment Simulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhan%20Haiyang">Zhan Haiyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gu%20Miao"> Gu Miao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article mainly introduces the control system architecture of space environment simulator, simultaneously also briefly introduce the automation control technology of industrial process and the measurement technology of vacuum and cold black environment. According to the volume of chamber, the space environment simulator is divided into three types of small, medium and large. According to the classification and application of space environment simulator, the control system is divided into the control system of small, medium, large space environment simulator and the centralized control system of multiple space environment simulators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20environment%20simulator" title="space environment simulator">space environment simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20control%20technology" title=" automation control technology"> automation control technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2428/the-control-system-architecture-of-space-environment-simulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17831</span> Performance of an Absorption Refrigerator Using a Solar Thermal Collector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Hmida">Abir Hmida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihel%20Chekir"> Nihel Chekir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Ben%20Brahim"> Ammar Ben Brahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present paper, we investigate the feasibility of a thermal solar driven cold room in Gabes, southern region of Tunisia. The cold room of 109 m<sup>3</sup> is refrigerated using an ammonia absorption machine. It is destined to preserve dates during the hot months of the year. A detailed study of the cold room leads previously to the estimation of the cooling load of the proposed storage room in the operating conditions of the region. The next step consists of the estimation of the required heat in the generator of the absorption machine to ensure the desired cold temperature. A thermodynamic analysis was accomplished and complete description of the system is determined. We propose, here, to provide the needed heat thermally from the sun by using vacuum tube collectors. We found that at least 21m² of solar collectors are necessary to accomplish the work of the solar cold room. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title="absorption">absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia" title=" ammonia"> ammonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20room" title=" cold room"> cold room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20collector" title=" solar collector"> solar collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20tube" title=" vacuum tube"> vacuum tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99221/performance-of-an-absorption-refrigerator-using-a-solar-thermal-collector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17830</span> Characterization of A390 Aluminum Alloy Produced at Different Slow Shot Speeds Using Assisted Vacuum High-Pressure Die Casting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenbo%20Yu">Wenbo Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihao%20Yuan"> Zihao Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhipeng%20Guo"> Zhipeng Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoumei%20Xiong"> Shoumei Xiong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under different slow shot speeds in vacuum assisted high pressure die casting (VHPDC) process, plate-shaped specimens of hypereutectic A390 aluminum alloy were produced. According to the results, the vacuum pressure inside the die cavity increased linearly with the increasing slow shot speed at the beginning of mold filling. Meanwhile, it was found that the tensile properties of vacuum die castings were deteriorated by the porosity content. In addition, the average primary Si size varies between 14µm to 23µm, which has a binary functional relationship with the slow shot speeds. Due to the vacuum effect, the castings were treated by T6 heat treatment. After heat treatment, microstructural morphologies revealed that needle-shaped and thin-flaked eutectic Si particles became rounded while Al2Cu dissolved into α-Al matrix. For the as-received sample in-situ tensile test, microcracks firstly initiate at the primary Si particles and propagated along Al matrix with a transgranular fracture mode. In contrast, for the treated sample, the crack initiated at the Al2Cu particles and propagated along Al grain boundaries with an intergranular fracture mode. In-situ three bending test, microcracks firstly formed in the primary Si particles for both samples. Subsequently, the cracks between primary Si linked along Al grain boundaries in as received sample. In contrast, the cracks in primary Si linked through the solid lines in Al matrix. Furthermore, the fractography revealed that the fracture mechanism has evolved from brittle transgranular fracture to a fracture mode with many dimples after heat treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A390%20aluminum" title="A390 aluminum">A390 aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20assisted%20high%20pressure%20die%20casting" title=" vacuum assisted high pressure die casting"> vacuum assisted high pressure die casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56007/characterization-of-a390-aluminum-alloy-produced-at-different-slow-shot-speeds-using-assisted-vacuum-high-pressure-die-casting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17829</span> Using Squeezed Vacuum States to Enhance the Sensitivity of Ground Based Gravitational Wave Interferometers beyond the Standard Quantum Limit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giacomo%20Ciani">Giacomo Ciani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reviews the impact of quantum noise on modern gravitational wave interferometers and explains how squeezed vacuum states are used to push the noise below the standard quantum limit. With the first detection of gravitational waves from a pair of colliding black holes in September 2015 and subsequent detections including that of gravitational waves from a pair of colliding neutron stars, the ground-based interferometric gravitational wave observatories LIGO and VIRGO have opened the era of gravitational-wave and multi-messenger astronomy. Improving the sensitivity of the detectors is of paramount importance to increase the number and quality of the detections, fully exploiting this new information channel about the universe. Although still in the commissioning phase and not at nominal sensitivity, these interferometers are designed to be ultimately limited by a combination of shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise, which define an envelope known as the standard quantum limit. Despite the name, this limit can be beaten with the use of advanced quantum measurement techniques, with the use of squeezed vacuum states being currently the most mature and promising. Different strategies for implementation of the technology in the large-scale detectors, in both their frequency-independent and frequency-dependent variations, are presented, together with an analysis of the main technological issues and expected sensitivity gain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20waves" title="gravitational waves">gravitational waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometers" title=" interferometers"> interferometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squeezed%20vacuum" title=" squeezed vacuum"> squeezed vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20quantum%20limit" title=" standard quantum limit"> standard quantum limit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85856/using-squeezed-vacuum-states-to-enhance-the-sensitivity-of-ground-based-gravitational-wave-interferometers-beyond-the-standard-quantum-limit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17828</span> Operation Parameters of Vacuum Cleaned Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilhelm%20Hoeflinger">Wilhelm Hoeflinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Laminger"> Thomas Laminger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Wolfslehner"> Johannes Wolfslehner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For vacuum cleaned dust filters, used e. g. in textile industry, there exist no calculation methods to determine design parameters (e. g. traverse speed of the nozzle, filter area...). In this work a method to calculate the optimum traverse speed of the nozzle of an industrial-size flat dust filter at a given mean pressure drop and filter face velocity was elaborated. Well-known equations for the design of a cleanable multi-chamber bag-house-filter were modified in order to take into account a continuously regeneration of a dust filter by a nozzle. Thereby, the specific filter medium resistance and the specific cake resistance values are needed which can be derived from filter tests under constant operation conditions. A lab-scale filter test rig was used to derive the specific filter media resistance value and the specific cake resistance value for vacuum cleaned filter operation. Three different filter media were tested and the determined parameters were compared to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20dust%20filter" title="design of dust filter">design of dust filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20removing" title=" dust removing"> dust removing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20regeneration" title=" filter regeneration"> filter regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20parameters" title=" operation parameters"> operation parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536/operation-parameters-of-vacuum-cleaned-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17827</span> Numerical Study of Bubbling Fluidized Beds Operating at Sub-atmospheric Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lanka%20Dinushke%20Weerasiri">Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrat%20Das"> Subrat Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Fabijanic"> Daniel Fabijanic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Yang"> William Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluidization at vacuum pressure has been a topic that is of growing research interest. Several industrial applications (such as drying, extractive metallurgy, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) can potentially take advantage of vacuum pressure fluidization. Particularly, the fine chemical industry requires processing under safe conditions for thermolabile substances, and reduced pressure fluidized beds offer an alternative. Fluidized beds under vacuum conditions provide optimal conditions for treatment of granular materials where the reduced gas pressure maintains an operational environment outside of flammability conditions. The fluidization at low-pressure is markedly different from the usual gas flow patterns of atmospheric fluidization. The different flow regimes can be characterized by the dimensionless Knudsen number. Nevertheless, hydrodynamics of bubbling vacuum fluidized beds has not been investigated to author’s best knowledge. In this work, the two-fluid numerical method was used to determine the impact of reduced pressure on the fundamental properties of a fluidized bed. The slip flow model implemented by Ansys Fluent User Defined Functions (UDF) was used to determine the interphase momentum exchange coefficient. A wide range of operating pressures was investigated (1.01, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.03 Bar). The gas was supplied by a uniform inlet at 1.5U<sub>mf</sub> and 2U<sub>mf</sub>. The predicted minimum fluidization velocity (U<sub>mf</sub>) shows excellent agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the operating pressure has a notable impact on the bed properties and its hydrodynamics. Furthermore, it also shows that the existing Gorosko correlation that predicts bed expansion is not applicable under reduced pressure conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title=" fluidized bed"> fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-solid%20flow" title=" gas-solid flow"> gas-solid flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20pressure" title=" vacuum pressure"> vacuum pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20flow" title=" slip flow"> slip flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20fluidization%20velocity" title=" minimum fluidization velocity "> minimum fluidization velocity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111148/numerical-study-of-bubbling-fluidized-beds-operating-at-sub-atmospheric-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17826</span> Mammotome Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy versus Conventional Open Surgery: A Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dylan%20Shiting%20Lu">Dylan Shiting Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20Okello"> Samson Okello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Chunyan%20Wei"> Anita Chunyan Wei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Xiao%20Li"> Daniel Xiao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mammotome vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (MVB) introduced in 1995 can be used for the removal of benign breast lesions. Whether or not MVB is a better option compared to conventional open surgery is inconclusive. We aim to compare the clinical and patient-related outcomes between MVB and open surgery to remove benign breast tumors less than 5 cm in women. We searched English and Chinese electronic databases with the keywords of Mammotome, clinical trial (CT), vacuum-assisted breast biopsy for studies comparing MVB and open surgery until May 2021. We performed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to compare incision size, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, healing time, scar length, patient satisfaction, postoperative hematoma rate, wound infection rate, postoperative ecchymosis, and postoperative sunken skin among those who have Mammotome and those who have surgery. Our analysis included nine randomized CTs with 1155 total patients (575 Mammotome, 580 surgery) and mean age 40.32 years (standard deviation 3.69). We found statistically significant favorable outcomes for Mammotome including blood loss (ml) [standardized mean difference SMD -5.03, 95%CI (-7.30, -2.76)], incision size (cm) [SMD -12.22, 95%CI (-17.40, -7.04)], operation time (min) [SMD -6.66, 95%CI (-9.01, -4.31)], scar length (cm) [SMD -7.06, 95%CI (-10.76, -3.36)], healing time (days) [SMD -6.57, 95%CI (-10.18, -2.95)], and patient satisfaction [relative risk RR 0.38, 95%CI (0.13, 1.08)]. In conclusion, Mammotome vacuum-assisted breast biopsy compared to open surgery shows better clinical and patient-related outcomes. Further studies should be done on whether or not MVB is a better option for benign breast tumors excision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20and%20patient%20outcomes" title="clinical and patient outcomes">clinical and patient outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20surgery" title=" open surgery"> open surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mammotome%20vacuum-assisted%20breast%20biopsy" title=" Mammotome vacuum-assisted breast biopsy"> Mammotome vacuum-assisted breast biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139607/mammotome-vacuum-assisted-breast-biopsy-versus-conventional-open-surgery-a-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17825</span> Numerical Modelling of a Vacuum Consolidation Project in Vietnam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Trong%20Nghia">Nguyen Trong Nghia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Huu%20Uy%20Vu"> Nguyen Huu Uy Vu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dang%20Huu%20Phuoc"> Dang Huu Phuoc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar%20Shukla"> Sanjay Kumar Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Gia%20Lam"> Le Gia Lam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Cuong"> Nguyen Van Cuong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a matching scheme for selection of soil/drain properties in analytical solution and numerical modelling (axisymmetric and plane strain conditions) of a ground improvement project by using Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD) in combination with vacuum and surcharge preloading. In-situ monitoring data from a case history of a road construction project in Vietnam was adopted in the back-analysis. Analytical solution and axisymmetric analysis can approximate well the field data meanwhile the horizontal permeability need to be adjusted in plane strain scenario to achieve good agreement. In addition, the influence zone of the ground treatment was examined. The residual settlement was investigated to justify the long-term settlement in compliance with the design code. Moreover, the degree of consolidation of non-PVD sub-layers was also studied by means of two different approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title="numerical modelling">numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prefabricated%20vertical%20drains" title=" prefabricated vertical drains"> prefabricated vertical drains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20consolidation" title=" vacuum consolidation"> vacuum consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20soil" title=" soft soil"> soft soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96963/numerical-modelling-of-a-vacuum-consolidation-project-in-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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