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href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord" title="La Voix du Nord – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Voix du Nord" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord" title="La Voix du Nord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Voix du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord" title="La Voix du Nord – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Voix du Nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord" title="La Voix du Nord – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="La Voix du Nord" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ヴォワ・デュ・ノール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォワ・デュ・ノール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord" title="La Voix du Nord – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="La Voix du Nord" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> </ul> 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French daily newspaper</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the music album, see <a href="/wiki/La_Voix_du_Nord_(album)" title="La Voix du Nord (album)">La Voix du Nord (album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250428316">.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">La Voix du Nord</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LVDNgrandlogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LVDNgrandlogo.png/250px-LVDNgrandlogo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LVDNgrandlogo.png/375px-LVDNgrandlogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LVDNgrandlogo.png/500px-LVDNgrandlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Regional daily newspaper</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rossel_(company)" title="Rossel (company)">Rossel Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1941<span class="noprint">; 83 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1941</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">199,713 (as of 2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr">www<wbr />.lavoixdunord<wbr />.fr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>La Voix du Nord</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[la<span class="wrap"> </span>vwa<span class="wrap"> </span>dy<span class="wrap"> </span>nɔʁ]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The Voice of the North</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or 'The Voice of <a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a>') is a regional daily <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> from the north of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. Its headquarters are in <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KiddReynolds2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KiddReynolds2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Voix du Nord</i> was one of the <a href="/wiki/Underground_newspapers_of_the_French_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground newspapers of the French Resistance">underground newspapers of the French Resistance</a> founded in <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_France_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of France during World War II">German-occupied France</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The paper first appeared in Lille in April 1941 at a time when the region of <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> was being ruled by <a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France">a German military government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson412_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson412-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newspaper's tag-line described itself as the "Resistance organ of <a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson412_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson412-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The post-war version of the paper is part of the Belgian company, <a href="/wiki/Rossel_(company)" title="Rossel (company)">Rossel group</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also owns the major Belgian newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Soir" title="Le Soir">Le Soir</a></i>, which it bought from <a href="/wiki/Socpresse" title="Socpresse">Socpresse</a> in 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_in_Occupied_France">Origins in Occupied France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins in Occupied France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG/220px-Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG/330px-Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG/440px-Bondues_musee_resistance_VDN.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The edition of 1 April 1942 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resistance_Museum_of_Bondues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resistance Museum of Bondues (page does not exist)">Resistance Museum of Bondues</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_r%C3%A9sistance_%C3%A0_Bondues" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée de la résistance à Bondues">fr</a>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">La Voix du Nord</i></span> is a clandestine newspaper that gave rise to a movement of political resistance. The resistance group was called <i>Voix du Nord</i> ("Voice of the North"—of France, or, "Voice of the <i><a href="/wiki/Nord_(French_department)" title="Nord (French department)">Nord</a></i><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>"—a French department). Sixty-five copies of the first issue of the newspaper were printed, dated April 1941. It clearly announced the newspaper's mission statement: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In France no newspaper, no radio, and no man can speak freely in the French language. The only French voices come to us through the radio from London; we are in agreement with them; and we believe: one does not compromise with duty and honor; one does not compromise with evil; one does not collaborate with the enemy.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Source: <i>La Voix du Nord</i>, April 1941<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The newspaper affirmed its support for General de Gaulle and its opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Vichy_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Vichy government">Vichy government</a>. At the outset, they were two very different men: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Noutour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Noutour (page does not exist)">Jules Noutour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigadier#France" title="Brigadier">police brigadier</a>, trade unionist, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a> party; joined by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natalis_Dumez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natalis Dumez (page does not exist)">Natalis Dumez</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalis_Dumez" class="extiw" title="fr:Natalis Dumez">fr</a>]</sup>, <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">social <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholic</a></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title=""In the original: '...rejoint par Natalis Dumez, catholique social'. (June 2020)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup>. Dumez was the heart and soul of the editorial staff: she was primarily responsible for the four hundred articles that appeared in the first 39 issues. Noutour was arrested on 8 September 1943 and deported to <a href="/wiki/Gross_Rosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Rosen">Gross Rosen</a>, where he died 1 February 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the four Roneotyped pages of the first day, the newspaper rapidly grew to six, and then ten pages. Due to the difficulties in obtaining supplies of paper, the page count was later reduced to four pages in February 1943. Circulation was around 900 copies initially, growing to 15000 in January 1943. The paper came out every two weeks through September 1942, and monthly from 1943 on. </p><p>The last two issues were published in July and August 1944 under the responsibility of Jules Houcke, who published the first openly distributed issue of "La Voix du Nord" on September 5, 1944. The first page is crossed out, with a headline spanning six columns: "The Northern Region is free. Freedom and independence were purchased at a high price: prison, torture, death camps for more than 530 people, who wrote, printed, and distributed these newspapers."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern">Modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, the paper was reborn as a hybrid <a href="/wiki/Partnership_limited_by_shares" title="Partnership limited by shares">partnership and limited liability company</a> "La Voix du Nord - Houcke and Company". They took over the premises of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_%C3%89cho_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Écho du Nord (page does not exist)">Grand Écho du Nord</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_%C3%89cho_du_Nord" class="extiw" title="fr:Grand Écho du Nord">fr</a>]</sup>, and as was the habit elsewhere in France, they kept the staff on as well, and it was they who produced the former newspaper of the Resistance. For the original journalists who were actually part of the Resistance and notably the two co-founders who had not yet returned from deportation abroad in February 1945, it was a betrayal by pseudo-Resistance members.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shares of the new company rose in 1945, the original owners and members were priced out, and it took thirty years of litigation before they achieved success. In the 1950s, the paper started printing various local editions, giving it a regional coverage. </p><p><i>Voix du Nord</i> is published in <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a>. The paper sponsors the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_de_Fourmies" title="Grand Prix de Fourmies">Grand Prix de Fourmies</a> bicycle race.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Circulation">Circulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Circulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Circulation </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1998</b></td> <td>323,000<sup id="cite_ref-KiddReynolds2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KiddReynolds2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2000</b></td> <td>332,000<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001</b></td> <td>320,000<sup id="cite_ref-adsm_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adsm-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2002</b></td> <td>307,191<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2003</b></td> <td>315,000<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2014</b></td> <td>231,066<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2015</b> </td> <td>226,214 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2016</b> </td> <td>214,542 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2017</b> </td> <td>209,203 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2018</b> </td> <td>204,219 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2019</b> </td> <td>207,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2020</b> </td> <td>199,713 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2021</b> </td> <td>193,018<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_France" title="List of newspapers in France">List of newspapers in France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mission statement from first issue: "<i>En France aucune presse, aucune radio, aucun homme ne peut parler librement un langage français. Les seules voix françaises nous viennent par la radio de Londres, avec elles, nous sommes d'accord et nous pensons : on ne transige pas avec le devoir et avec l'honneur ; on ne pactise pas avec le mal ; on ne collabore pas avec l'ennemi.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From the September 1, 1944 issue: "<i>La Région du Nord est libre . La liberté et l'indépendance furent payés au prix fort : la prison, la torture, les camps de la mort pour plus de 530 personnes, qui ont écrit, imprimé et diffusé ces journaux.</i>"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KiddReynolds2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KiddReynolds2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KiddReynolds2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_KiddSian_Reynolds2014" class="citation book cs1">William Kidd; Sian Reynolds (1 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=45h9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA235"><i>Contemporary French Cultural Studies</i></a>. Routledge. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4441-6556-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4441-6556-2"><bdi>978-1-4441-6556-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+French+Cultural+Studies&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4441-6556-2&rft.au=William+Kidd&rft.au=Sian+Reynolds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D45h9AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson412-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson412_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson412_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulian_Jackson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_T._Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian T. Jackson">Julian Jackson</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/france00juli/page/412"><i>France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944</i></a> (1st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/france00juli/page/412">412</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820706-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820706-9"><bdi>0-19-820706-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France%3A+The+Dark+Years%2C+1940%E2%80%931944&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=412&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-820706-9&rft.au=Julian+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrance00juli%2Fpage%2F412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copiepresse.be/images/file/Google/2012_12_12_Copiepresse_press_release_EN.pdf">"Belgian French-language news publishers, authors societies and Google reach partnership agreement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Copie Presse</i>. Brussels. 13 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Copie+Presse&rft.atitle=Belgian+French-language+news+publishers%2C+authors+societies+and+Google+reach+partnership+agreement&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.copiepresse.be%2Fimages%2Ffile%2FGoogle%2F2012_12_12_Copiepresse_press_release_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuhamel2011" class="citation web cs1">Duhamel, Jean-Marie (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/Region/actualite/Secteur_Region/2011/03/30/article_printemps-1941-automne-1942-le-temps-d.shtml">"Printemps 1941 - automne 1942 : le temps des fondateurs"</a> [Spring 1941 - Fall 1942: the time of the founders]. La Voix du Nord.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Printemps+1941+-+automne+1942+%3A+le+temps+des+fondateurs&rft.pub=La+Voix+du+Nord&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Duhamel&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavoixdunord.fr%2FRegion%2Factualite%2FSecteur_Region%2F2011%2F03%2F30%2Farticle_printemps-1941-automne-1942-le-temps-d.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolph2015" class="citation book cs1">Rudolph, Luc (2015). <i>Policemen vs. policemen</i>. Paris: SPE.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Policemen+vs.+policemen&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=SPE&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=Luc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labrique.net/index.php/thematiques/histoires-du-bocal/883-la-voix-du-nord-impostures-arnaques-et-profits">La Voix du Nord, impostures, arnaques et profits</a> [Shams, Scams, and Profits] (labrique.net).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/49276/">"Top 100 dailies 2000"</a>. <i>campaign</i>. 16 November 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=campaign&rft.atitle=Top+100+dailies+2000&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.campaignlive.co.uk%2Fnews%2F49276%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adsm-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adsm_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Smith2002" class="citation news cs1">Adam Smith (15 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.campaignlive.co.uk/news/164161/">"Europe's Top Papers"</a>. <i>Campaign</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Campaign&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+Top+Papers&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.au=Adam+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.campaignlive.co.uk%2Fnews%2F164161%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824141157/http://www.wan-press.org/IMG/pdf/04Q_03_SFN_Flash_FullText-2.pdf">"Media Markets and Newspapers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SFN Flash</i>. <b>7</b> (1). 7 January 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wan-press.org/IMG/pdf/04Q_03_SFN_Flash_FullText-2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFN+Flash&rft.atitle=Media+Markets+and+Newspapers&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wan-press.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2F04Q_03_SFN_Flash_FullText-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wan-press.org/ecrire/upload/wpt2004.pdf">"World Press Trends"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Association of Newspapers</i>. Paris. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Association+of+Newspapers&rft.atitle=World+Press+Trends&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wan-press.org%2Fecrire%2Fupload%2Fwpt2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133924/http://www.ojd.com/Support/la-voix-du-nord">"La Voix du Nord"</a>. <i>OJD</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ojd.com/Support/la-voix-du-nord">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OJD&rft.atitle=La+Voix+du+Nord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ojd.com%2FSupport%2Fla-voix-du-nord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acpm.fr/Media/Files/Plaquette-Observatoire-2022">"L'observatoire de la presse et des médias de L'APCM 2022"</a>. <i>acpm.fr</i>. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=acpm.fr&rft.atitle=L%27observatoire+de+la+presse+et+des+m%C3%A9dias+de+L%27APCM+2022&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acpm.fr%2FMedia%2FFiles%2FPlaquette-Observatoire-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandenbussche2018" class="citation book cs1">Vandenbussche, Robert; Béthouart, Bruno (2018) [1st pub: IRHiS (2009)]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/irhis/2279?lang=en">"Approches d'un mouvement clandestin – Histoire et anthropologie de la Voix du Nord"</a> [Approaches to an Underground Movement – History and Anthropology of <i>La Voix du Nord</i>]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BFZVDwAAQBAJ"><i>La clandestinité en belgique et en zone interdite (1940-1944)</i></a> [<i>Clandestine operations in Belgium and the Forbidden Zone</i>]. Histoire et littérature du Septentrion (IRHiS). Lille: l'Institut de recherches historiques du Septentrion. pp. 159–225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2490-29615-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2490-29615-6"><bdi>978-2490-29615-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1101082553">1101082553</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625202737/https://books.openedition.org/irhis/2279?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Approches+d%27un+mouvement+clandestin+%E2%80%93+Histoire+et+anthropologie+de+la+Voix+du+Nord&rft.btitle=La+clandestinit%C3%A9+en+belgique+et+en+zone+interdite+%281940-1944%29&rft.place=Lille&rft.series=Histoire+et+litt%C3%A9rature+du+Septentrion+%28IRHiS%29&rft.pages=159-225&rft.pub=l%27Institut+de+recherches+historiques+du+Septentrion&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1101082553&rft.isbn=978-2490-29615-6&rft.aulast=Vandenbussche&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=B%C3%A9thouart%2C+Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Firhis%2F2279%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALa+Voix+du+Nord" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Voix_du_Nord&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavoixdunord.fr">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li>Issues of underground <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb344184287/date"><i>La Voix du Nord</i> </a> online in <a href="/wiki/Gallica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>, the digital library of the <a href="/wiki/BnF" class="mw-redirect" title="BnF">BnF</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Newspapers_in_France" title="Template:Newspapers in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Newspapers_in_France" title="Template talk:Newspapers in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Newspapers_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Newspapers in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Main_newspapers_and_news_magazines_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_France" title="List of newspapers in France">Main newspapers and news magazines in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France#Daily_newspapers_and_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/20_minutes_(France)" title="20 minutes (France)">20 minutes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Aujourd'hui en France</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Échos (France)">Les Échos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89quipe" title="L'Équipe">L'Équipe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="L'Humanité">L'Humanité</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Opinion_(French_newspaper)" title="L'Opinion (French newspaper)">L'Opinion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France#Regional_daily_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9p%C3%AAche_du_Midi" title="La Dépêche du Midi">La Dépêche du Midi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Est_R%C3%A9publicain" title="L'Est Républicain">L'Est Républicain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Provence" title="La Provence">La Provence</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La Voix du Nord</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice-Matin" title="Nice-Matin">Nice-Matin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ouest-France" title="Ouest-France">Ouest-France</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sud_Ouest_(newspaper)" title="Sud Ouest (newspaper)">Sud Ouest</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weekly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Courrier_International" title="Courrier International">Courrier International</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9_Dimanche" title="L'Humanité Dimanche">L'Humanité Dimanche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_(magazine)" title="La Vie (magazine)">La Vie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro_Magazine" title="Le Figaro Magazine">Le Figaro Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Nouvel_Obs" title="Le Nouvel Obs">Le Nouvel Obs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marianne_(magazine)" title="Marianne (magazine)">Marianne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Match" title="Paris Match">Paris Match</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valeurs_actuelles" title="Valeurs actuelles">Valeurs actuelles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satirical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo" title="Charlie Hebdo">Charlie Hebdo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard enchaîné</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Challenges_(magazine)" title="Challenges (magazine)">Challenges</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Investir" title="Investir">Investir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Tribune" title="La Tribune">La Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Nouvel_%C3%89conomiste" title="Le Nouvel Économiste">Le Nouvel Économiste</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monthly</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde_diplomatique" title="Le Monde diplomatique">Le Monde diplomatique</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Alternatives économiques">Alternatives économiques</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Free_France&#124;link=Free_France_French_Resistance" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Resistance" title="Template:French Resistance"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Resistance" title="Template talk:French Resistance"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Resistance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Resistance"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Free_France&#124;link=Free_France_French_Resistance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France"><img alt="Free France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg/23px-Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg/35px-Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg/45px-Naval_Jack_of_Free_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="nowrap">  </span> <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian resistance">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian resistance">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech resistance">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian resistance">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_resistance_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian resistance during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">Creation<br />and control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_during_World_War_II" title="Charles de Gaulle during World War II">Charles de Gaulle during World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Appeal_of_18_June" title="Appeal of 18 June">Appeal of 18 June</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Committee_of_Liberation" title="Departmental Committee of Liberation">Departmental Committee of Liberation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_Defense_Council" title="Empire Defense Council">Empire Defense Council</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_National_Committee" title="French National Committee">French National Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="French Committee of National Liberation">French Committee of National Liberation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Resistance" title="National Council of the Resistance">National Council of the Resistance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Consultative_Assembly" title="Provisional Consultative Assembly">Provisional Consultative Assembly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_Central_de_Renseignements_et_d%27Action" title="Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action">BCRA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Direction_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_%C3%A9tudes_et_recherches" title="Direction générale des études et recherches">DGER</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/125px-Resistance.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/188px-Resistance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Resistance.jpg/250px-Resistance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">Free French Forces</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Forces" title="Free French Air Forces">Air Force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(France)" title="Army of Africa (France)">Army of Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Naval_Forces" title="Free French Naval Forces">Navy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">French Liberation Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Battles</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Kufra" title="Capture of Kufra">Koufra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bir_Hakeim" title="Battle of Bir Hakeim">Bir Hakeim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Gazala</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1st_Free_French_Division" title="1st Free French Division">1st Free French Division</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Liberation" title="Companions of Liberation">Companions of Liberation</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_companions_of_the_Liberation" title="List of companions of the Liberation">List</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Londres" title="Radio Londres">Radio Londres</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Africa" title="Free French Africa">Free French Africa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_networks_and_movements_of_the_French_Resistance" title="List of networks and movements of the French Resistance">Domestic<br />operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_networks_and_movements_of_the_French_Resistance" title="List of networks and movements of the French Resistance"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="a Resistance 'movement' was for educating and organizing the population">Movements</span></a>:</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combat_(French_Resistance)" title="Combat (French Resistance)">Combat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans" title="Francs-Tireurs et Partisans">Francs-Tireurs et Partisans</a></i></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Main-d%27%C5%93uvre_immigr%C3%A9e" title="Main-d'œuvre immigrée">FTP–Foreign Labour Force</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Forces_of_the_Interior" title="French Forces of the Interior">French Forces of the Interior</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord" title="Libération-Nord">Libération-Nord</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Sud" class="mw-redirect" title="Libération-Sud">Libération-Sud</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvements_unis_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Mouvements unis de la Résistance">Mouvements unis</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme" title="Groupe du musée de l'Homme">Musée de l'Homme</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(French_Resistance)" title="National Front (French Resistance)">National Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Ceux de la Libération">Ceux de la Libération</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ceux_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" title="Ceux de la Résistance">Ceux de la Résistance</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_networks_and_movements_of_the_French_Resistance" title="List of networks and movements of the French Resistance"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="a Resistance 'network' had specific military goals: intelligence, sabotage, etc.">Networks</span></a>:</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_network_(French_resistance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance network (French resistance)">Alliance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_de_r%C3%A9sistance_de_l%27arm%C3%A9e" title="Organisation de résistance de l'armée">Organisation de résistance de l'armée</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Network" title="Brutus Network">Brutus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comet_Line" title="Comet Line">Comet Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_cin%C3%A9ma_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Comité de libération du cinéma français">CdL Cinéma</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Departmental_Committee_of_Liberation" title="Departmental Committee of Liberation">CLD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance-Fer" title="Résistance-Fer">Fer</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mithridate_Network" title="Mithridate Network">Mithridate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Morhange" title="Réseau Morhange">Morhange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Confr%C3%A9rie_Notre-Dame" title="Confrérie Notre-Dame">Confrérie Notre-Dame</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Others:</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Armée secrète">Armée secrète</a></i></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Organisation_civile_et_militaire" title="Organisation civile et militaire">Organisation civile et militaire</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jade-Amicol_network" title="Jade-Amicol network">Jade-Amicol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jade-Fitzroy_network" title="Jade-Fitzroy network">Jade-Fitzroy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maquis_(World_War_II)" title="Maquis (World War II)">Maquis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maquis_du_Vercors" class="mw-redirect" title="Maquis du Vercors">Vercors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_French_Resistance" title="Women in the French Resistance">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Housewives%27_demonstrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Housewives' demonstrations">Housewives' demonstrations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Union_des_femmes_fran%C3%A7aises" class="mw-redirect" title="Union des femmes françaises">Union des femmes françaises</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Underground_media_in_German-occupied_France" title="Underground media in German-occupied France">Underground<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bir-Hakeim_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bir-Hakeim (newspaper) (page does not exist)">Bir-Hakeim</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir-Hakeim_(journal_clandestin)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bir-Hakeim (journal clandestin)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulletin_(clandestine_press)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulletin (clandestine press) (page does not exist)">Bulletin</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_(r%C3%A9sistance)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bulletin (résistance)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Combat_(newspaper)" title="Combat (newspaper)">Combat</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9fense_de_la_France" title="Défense de la France">Défense de la France</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89ditions_de_Minuit" title="Les Éditions de Minuit">Les Éditions de Minuit</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Espoir_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Espoir (newspaper) (page does not exist)">L'Espoir</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Espoir_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:L'Espoir (journal)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(French_Resistance)" title="National Front (French Resistance)">Front National</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="L'Humanité">L'Humanité</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Lettres_Fran%C3%A7aises" title="Les Lettres Françaises">Les Lettres Françaises</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lib%C3%A9ration_(nord,_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libération (nord, newspaper) (page does not exist)">Libération (nord)</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_(journal_de_Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord)" class="extiw" title="fr:Libération (journal de Libération-Nord)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_(newspaper,_1941%E2%80%931964)" title="Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)">Libération (sud)</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9sistance_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Résistance (journal) (page does not exist)">Résistance</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:Résistance (journal)">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9moignage_chr%C3%A9tien" class="mw-redirect" title="Témoignage chrétien">Témoignage chrétien</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Vérité française (page does not exist)">La Vérité française</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7aise" class="extiw" title="fr:La Vérité française">fr</a>]</sup></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La Voix du Nord</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Africa" title="Free French Africa">Free<br />French<br />Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville_Conference" title="Brazzaville Conference">Brazzaville Conference</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville_manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazzaville manifesto">Brazzaville manifesto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">French Chad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_Defense_Council" title="Empire Defense Council">Empire Defense Council</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Africa" title="Free French Africa">Free French Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroon" title="French Cameroon">French Cameroon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">French Congo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Gabon">French Gabon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_battalion" title="March battalion">March battalions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_March_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First March Battalion (page does not exist)">First</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataillon_de_marche_n%C2%B0_1" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataillon de marche n° 1">fr</a>]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_March_Battalion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second March Battalion (page does not exist)">Second</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataillon_de_marche_n%C2%B0_2" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataillon de marche n° 2">fr</a>]</sup></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marie" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Marie">Operation Marie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ubangi-Shari" title="Ubangi-Shari">Ubangi-Shari</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation<br />of France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1er_Bataillon_de_Fusiliers_Marins_Commandos" title="1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos">Kieffer commandos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Liberation_Army" title="French Liberation Army">French Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(France)" title="1st Army (France)">1st Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_(France)" title="2nd Armored Division (France)">2nd DB</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Lattre_de_Tassigny" title="Jean de Lattre de Tassigny">General de Lattre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">General Leclerc</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Strasbourg" title="Liberation of Strasbourg">Liberation of Strasbourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moulin" title="Jean Moulin">Jean Moulin</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_d%27Astier_de_La_Vigerie" title="Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie">Emmanuel d'Astier</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Brossolette" title="Pierre Brossolette">Pierre Brossolette</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delestraint" title="Charles Delestraint">Charles Delestraint</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Frenay" title="Henri Frenay">Henri Frenay</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Madeleine_Fourcade" title="Marie-Madeleine Fourcade">Marie-Madeleine Fourcade</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_L%C3%A9vy_(resistance_leader)" title="Jean-Pierre Lévy (resistance leader)">Jean-Pierre Lévy</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Villon" title="Pierre Villon">Pierre Villon</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top; text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_Resistance_museums_and_memorials" title="List of French Resistance museums and memorials">Museums and<br />Memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberation" title="Order of Liberation">Order of Liberation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companions_of_the_Liberation" title="List of companions of the Liberation">Companions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Medal" title="Resistance Medal">Resistance Medal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Righteous Among the Nations">Medal of the Righteous</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9morial_de_la_France_combattante" title="Mémorial de la France combattante">Mémorial de la France combattante</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_National_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of National Resistance">Museum of National Resistance</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance_nationale" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée de la Résistance nationale">fr</a>]</sup></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_Resistance_museums_and_memorials" title="List of French Resistance museums and memorials">Museums and memorials</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Ordre_de_la_Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération">Musée de l'Ordre de la Libération</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_France_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free France Foundation (page does not exist)">Free France Foundation</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondation_de_la_France_libre" class="extiw" title="fr:Fondation de la France libre">fr</a>]</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">Portal</a></li><li>Categories: (<a href="/wiki/Category:French_Resistance" title="Category:French Resistance">French Resistance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_the_French_Resistance" title="Category:Films about the French Resistance">Films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Resistance_members" title="Category:French Resistance members">Members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Resistance_networks_and_movements" title="Category:French Resistance networks and movements">Networks and movements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Righteous_Among_the_Nations" title="Category:French Righteous Among the Nations">Righteous Among the Nations</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2567583#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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