CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914dfad9cca85fd8',cH: '7XAMNXYok1tvdZE31UL__W_wEJVhVBPkmBN1U5wkOMU-1740049089-1.2.1.1-sQ0jVJBN90FRJtp6EqP5ajchDr4ihXEtQhuXNYiu0AfAA0nxakHJZZPHQExFavmB',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=embodied%20energy&__cf_chl_tk=oKKIzcjAW2Mbeeh7uY.spNOHE9tBW5qCHVHRAVOu_eQ-1740049089-1.0.1.1-tN10Olj3mEIkCtxw4b6CMlti1ENACzAh.XmdSV54AT4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740049089',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=embodied%20energy&__cf_chl_f_tk=oKKIzcjAW2Mbeeh7uY.spNOHE9tBW5qCHVHRAVOu_eQ-1740049089-1.0.1.1-tN10Olj3mEIkCtxw4b6CMlti1ENACzAh.XmdSV54AT4",md: "VsGNurBqMcr3Damc5dY9Z5r1OKA_ohI27Ezejy2E51g-1740049089-1.2.1.1-pePOFNe3UeXGcCJyZn9Kx1VYwFnOZCYVA_QdJLIEIa15xAh3wteKnYh.j.b7LeHr6A6sEjDcvREYt.GjIWa0s7FuV61VuL96jXlJE7E0XDFvBV0QTRtSqI6Keh5Mz4FSJ2q8DqXQaPHIkEIYawE3jH0v1V0KVAGLojMJhyMRwYFL.6OPRskjlBCDblan8aYGuhG5fJtOp07npO78nht1X40ge.ovoxY1.kE5Zos2t15e1DckHK1jxs9_MTlpHjfvCPOdt5I_oslAdaCRAaWxk654oytMZVXebclSQdM7B.e7J5aQcMUhcKUmQrZQBHdR1k4V0FisZcVRs5i5Rri7TcSLDNvULWg6NgYilji1tiDNTi5Yi9poAY7hIYaRqxaA09XosQVkgWrrsXhICneNfoh4hclA6oSdoMfTiWwVugZKRnaO_nTg.MKr9YE4k5eXbiQVg1IjZjoQRboNdvuRNWu0gTZ2J9zYXcajuKHgRdXpdrFOgm__f37CwO3QCriDRBJaxe..WpV0AK9nkteQjSA5ieG1t.273HHZfjGsvSngvhlt9lDSDUbDCH8ByKxLgJGWBufhAfO._ncCD0lpg4VzshLYkodaucyEI8YFrwKclhLRPJJv5ywHBxut4twljOg4VHwT8V1d50bUxwSIaTDePiPPSPoNSm0PZ5elM.zmv6Fg6OLwfXgv61ZhymF4a_kXqJz9AYWzGq9DW.js4u.uLxkDIo05.SaxLgiYt5X_9uGXQRxQsnZIYok_cCDwrs_jVf50VDZONb.0mmiiC._lNpdcg7LAI_vovvomEB7egvJVOEnrfPV8uWSNayCIGhtso1cPkCj3ISQvLjDTTC4rnWXYrKs0nEOgfvqncTSg93SVrDhhvlTMXMgalOqoeRKJz5JOr6mYcDQlt5AGODHESGPHZSEmVgVXcsme7yYROxITEvm7glP38HEgLaqrBryodZk3FGsOErxScLRIXUTcpM.gZU1JrnplGExEDZoYffxE47YVx3EicpuZK1TMVHoX9okU_mjyyZ5Z1RyN06kmlJshA67DpspVpNJ875yOi723prq8T7ZfaNm1pkNsA1W7afqVRnSBAC6CQGhBHVck_sQ57hHf2pZZlqYwSCZQ2qB5IviUCHf9OaXmqUOHdWErpuVIOZe85ZOppcCTWG9Mw0Xobv4I_2wK40aKvNI9JxxrVQr5o.z0Nsc9Cylbo3VMn2YercilszcQKEgAP0e4v64q1RGdYS7Gl_kykDPK1gpFtl.W_MMJrI5FRQtinBnIN_LcrQsn0FKfrucUuVRfaZtxf9hpMhvsWnLuCgtzIq._aiiyvnQtx2GNjvsxEhfhURZwo6HyxNLhYZfrbFKlgzEGtc0DpeqZs1lCDnfLYmDBYAia.L6r_JH0CXH7hC3_D6oxcbjhnhDn0EPHqEKgcE4Ucfc4VmDRtGWFzKR06emm.qcWzDnniuLjNV0GZVXfNz009PrwHUtUvsGJnjqBfNY1.s6uPTkMWXFjwMb5dS2JH.Spyyo1VKZN.cEKTb.kjkNJip.URggMvo70IDo1eN5b20Pd2KmDBgTJ4toHRWMD0NFze1Lhz.gKeZsKKEej_f2GuQvWoIrB3Z3rYmihRx12TQZQxq32YDcYztp0h7YYN23dtoFIRa5Le63NuTD4Vie80v_2.WpyIB5nrfXeLj21qG73X2a9PYDBUsAK3PVBG27ptXdIAoZ.ol8k6m0OWq6VZ9LdObWUalLV8nAtArH_KUbup6HU4ILfNRMYhvNVk6AJFXL.aegxLhOd9Evh.n6Lt3YH1u3LuFVT8BxSSMrc_eTGfGBAbyZXvHOR2_vdXgdE.3xT0vZNpOYJ5SN15F4oOzDncTBJJ9pfvMGqv5GA_B_52qNhXtKVG.RGWZEjWl3oQ6a_l6PpIKKa_EZPfATsJTVOX9cN8A4xPek_TrrPEcNn5sLkWHoXV.o",mdrd: "KTMzH7K.L4d78MSS6kQDIu2.Y9d49D_RPz2QkXY6JuE-1740049089-1.2.1.1-vKvWuFIo4imJhQoIt5LFec8p530YiAY34Y2HIxLCJm3.Dr7KOBSTGkBmkbrbLD2KyZyBWjhJn5FTzz0.5DyFHOsiOGtoUfDWSddN2iQufhFLLD8QBSA3wG9t0tD0zJqqR.AvInwZgY_ILrQuaUs40IialMns.pr1Hk8hXMUC8rEMrsGbAl896vdWP4xFFwBOz4gAFZuK52sPspVY.g1js4vMEFYXPBO622bjGY3NX3W.T1CGLBtR3973G0yigoZm9UHdfOfKvlOCU8UiCknZfAOeSNoaHZxaE7Jdq8LbRTwFi7v4QR7lfmU2f9jqE76N2uzO0TyjvLSkn9KjdEy2ktl6QhoPY_4RV477ID1Iji45j_4XAc5lMVITyVtQHPaHGwx9S_fHmoBGnuomTiIv_DUsrGeh0cCHS7rl6cbIphVIr_QcU8ndWMde8ByZiz7I2lCOOJiQv3osQ1VqmzDo8CAWMafphFk4POO8vYkwr_XWi6qw9s6GT3oUW8iEiYq4Z6aU2e5UIo9wiq0LVfSHfbM0Cd4aOIkkpM0rNgaxCNiIxNT2ZkL0p.njZNsGJC1MnFdJcuhuy0VMy7DQCnrqWrP692RiUBVhSujGfoxuqG5TCW7Ajg2swYf6MkjvIKzSOERD6fnibd6.Y9ekDNn3lFmKHB_TFb6fbNJJd9hrZHR7B1u6klyOQjEX76ccGhRDQTGUgLGCgamHXWunUpV9mdMqhNWd2obVlBTNjIItRVwoqdScBEwme7Y8DaMJY67tdoG8eUeXLEjiwiPPbN4Mu4Go5HMBpRVnsC_xlcMAo7y_hHbmdycwEQarlRn3DAIU0t8IUik.15v5Tcy6Knk5_fqtwoICs4Y8hz59mgf.mRT3DWna2jNeQDOwXWlmF7iF5A5bplsi.JTMeNdD6i5E4zGyABkalw8oB0krj4bpjaT297nCUbOZQBly7RJWiPXw2gO6dHX8OuA84c4AAnKX5awnkfxpmYP.bKsLVLozk9HJ8oqOSptLD_KhyBlZD2xAsYDun1Kelm7IWU1LZBq5XQpJpXyPVQLHJIs9xfuYnq1qB5LiVnh8TUMULYDRehz0eGMU6THdBbQ_FehIAHgYGF9SYIzI2A8JAWOOQJ.YCbkCH3OkYtIiBo_tYXXSoNWzToiFjlWvmo67Qvm4SGNNSMTwvJTiXM9HrzhGHxph7oZy0vpmibsFuGYGP.oekJ0ncIvKYXwIKDKqoQjDsTLwphRdSDFVxi4JGdEASkgRIuEDCKZI8B1eFsZzhrgs.uv54Q3LEQcX0qC1kHraUNgOnJzbYGnmFoOBDFi8Q1FwdfwWbw8sg2bE1Aa7_coduTlf.Fo7_34OQWvc8iRNGiYiBc8MmWHNoFwqDmqohYTsszzBhsIm1wPh1dgASMxrShH1Pcj2a3XWglRrdqR1OCtz_ZKAuy8akeNquPjm4lzgeX79l1zF5zP7TCTPzdxNW44KiXxOUcZrJo5YT5oPlsaafj0jAKlqEP2sT.XPy9s35biR633Ga9UzVuqBm9JtQquizsHxpHqwKQyz1qAu3UhLvdELltZzX_oXgSnSTWUmvFuz.oBB11L28bdHpWpzN_mWe41xo3pGadghG.NicTfM7X41qsF2gz.ioV6IH4y2P2AGyfkpVAlKsWvCdXSCCX_1QgH3vg2YhqhQEP25ZPkGam2I6_NGvzYDbZc9kbY5xYAMj9R8Xy03ezCjywnyCYq.yK95lpSuRnGDyTCkoe4mMThIa4ei_SjEhvcFevfJQzNfLNkdMutn1MHqF8BFBjGA3enjC_LmxNXlP7VMkoPXhJNdiOsODHwd8vZSAR_lZ7ywFUrX6.FLgVQ7TlHErPVdRfHqxiEwU7lW3JlCxK.PXeWx0zaDA0fy2NikYjNR5ZRuSIpS0muZ6FwLf_9S_Um.VizsTU_VsBBBJffVgbMpRa4ynl8FYCWn1T.CCtxZ4oy8PMhTNsjPLZ3UUTBwzJ19ay3nKVlrdqrUZUMgqppWMw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914dfad9cca85fd8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=embodied%20energy&__cf_chl_rt_tk=oKKIzcjAW2Mbeeh7uY.spNOHE9tBW5qCHVHRAVOu_eQ-1740049089-1.0.1.1-tN10Olj3mEIkCtxw4b6CMlti1ENACzAh.XmdSV54AT4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>