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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ringkasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ringkasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ringkasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ringkasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Etimologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_sosial_dan_politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_sosial_dan_politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Status sosial dan politik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_sosial_dan_politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contoh_bahasa_kreol_dari_bahasa_induk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contoh_bahasa_kreol_dari_bahasa_induk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contoh bahasa kreol dari bahasa induk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contoh_bahasa_kreol_dari_bahasa_induk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa kreol</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 86 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreools" title="Kreools – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kreools" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolsprachen" title="Kreolsprachen – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kreolsprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="لغة مولدة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة مولدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_criolla" title="Llingua criolla – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua criolla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol_dili" title="Kreol dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kreol dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Крэольскія мовы – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крэольскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_peranakan" title="Basa peranakan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa peranakan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Креолски език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Креолски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_kreolek" title="Yezhoù kreolek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù kreolek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_criolla" title="Llengua criolla – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua criolla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol%C5%A1tina" title="Kreolština – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kreolština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creol" title="Creol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Creol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolsprog" title="Kreolsprog – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kreolsprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolsprache" title="Kreolsprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kreolsprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Kreolska rěc – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kreolska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Κρεολή γλώσσα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρεολή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Creole language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreola_lingvo" title="Kreola lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kreola lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_criolla" title="Lengua criolla – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua criolla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreoolkeel" title="Kreoolkeel – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kreoolkeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolera" title="Kreolera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kreolera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84" title="کریول – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کریول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolikieli" title="Kreolikieli – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kreolikieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_cr%C3%A9oles" title="Langues créoles – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues créoles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreoolspriak" title="Kreoolspriak – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kreoolspriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreoalske_taal" title="Kreoalske taal – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kreoalske taal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%C3%B3l" title="Criól – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Criól" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="克里奧爾語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriy%C3%B2l" title="Kriyòl – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kriyòl" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_crioulas" title="Linguas crioulas – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas crioulas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שפה קריאולית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפה קריאולית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रियोल भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रियोल भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolski_jezici" title="Kreolski jezici – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kreolski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolska_r%C4%9B%C4%8D" title="Kreolska rěč – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kreolska rěč" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_krey%C3%B2l" title="Lang kreyòl – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang kreyòl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol_nyelv" title="Kreol nyelv – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kreol nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%AC_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Կրեոլ լեզու – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրեոլ լեզու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_creol" title="Lingua creol – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua creol" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreola_linguo" title="Kreola linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kreola linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kre%C3%B3lam%C3%A1l" title="Kreólamál – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kreólamál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_creola" title="Lingua creola – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua creola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="クレオール言語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレオール言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კრეოლური ენა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კრეოლური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%AC_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%ED%95%99)" title="크리올 (언어학) – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리올 (언어학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_creola" title="Lingua creola – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua creola" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creol" title="Creol – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Creol" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creooltaol" title="Creooltaol – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Creooltaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Kreolų kalbos – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kreolų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolisk%C4%81s_valodas" title="Kreoliskās valodas – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kreoliskās valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_campuran" title="Bahasa campuran – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa campuran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84" title="کریول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کریول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreoolspraak" title="Kreoolspraak – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kreoolspraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreoolsproake" title="Kreoolsproake – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kreoolsproake" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creoolse_talen" title="Creoolse talen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Creoolse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolspr%C3%A5k" title="Kreolspråk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kreolspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolspr%C3%A5k" title="Kreolspråk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kreolspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre%C3%B2l_(lenga)" title="Creòl (lenga) – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Creòl (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_krioyo" title="Idioma krioyo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Idioma krioyo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriole_langwej" title="Kriole langwej – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Kriole langwej" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_kreolskie" title="Języki kreolskie – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki kreolskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_cr%C3%A9ole" title="Lenghe créole – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe créole" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="کريول ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کريول ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_crioulas" title="Línguas crioulas – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas crioulas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_creol%C4%83" title="Limbă creolă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă creolă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Креольские языки – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Креольские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_cr%C3%A8ola" title="Limba crèola – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba crèola" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolski_jezici" title="Kreolski jezici – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kreolski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Creole language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol%C4%8Dina" title="Kreolčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kreolčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Kreolščina – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kreolščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_e_Kreoleve" title="Gjuha e Kreoleve – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha e Kreoleve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Креолски језици – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Креолски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreolspr%C3%A5k" title="Kreolspråk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kreolspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krioli" title="Krioli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Krioli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="கிரியோல் மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரியோல் மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ภาษาครีโอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาครีโอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreol" title="Kreol – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kreol" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Креольська мова – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Креольська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="کریول زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کریول زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creolo" title="Creolo – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Creolo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Creole" title="Ngôn ngữ Creole – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ Creole" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creyole" title="Creyole – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Creyole" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="克里奥尔语 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克里奥尔语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克里奧爾語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_gi%C3%A2n-g%C3%BA" title="Creole giân-gú – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Creole giân-gú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E8%9E%8D%E8%A9%B1" title="歸融話 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歸融話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33289#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Beberapa atau seluruh referensi dari artikel ini mungkin <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">tidak dapat dipercaya kebenarannya</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Bantulah dengan memberikan referensi yang lebih baik atau dengan memeriksa apakah referensi telah memenuhi syarat sebagai <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_tepercaya" title="Wikipedia:Sumber tepercaya">referensi tepercaya</a>. Referensi yang tidak benar dapat dihapus sewaktu-waktu.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG/220px-Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG/330px-Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG/440px-Guadeloupe_creole_2010-03-30.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Papan peringatan dalam bahasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kreol_Antillen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kreol Antillen (halaman belum tersedia)">Kreol Guadeloupe</a> yang menyatakan <i>Lévé pié aw / Ni ti moun ka joué la!</i>, artinya "Pelan-pelan / Anak-anak bermain di sini!"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bahasa kreol</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adalah turunan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_pijin" title="Bahasa pijin">bahasa pijin</a> yang menjadi bahasa ibu bagi sekelompok orang yang berasal dari latar belakang berbeda-beda. Kajian umum menunjukkan bahwa bahasa-bahasa kreol yang ada di dunia menunjukkan adalah kesamaan, khususnya dari segi tata bahasa.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahasa kreol ini juga dipengaruhi oleh kosakata-kosakata yang dibawa oleh para penuturnya. Bahasa kreol berkembang karena sebab berikut: </p> <ul><li>Berkumpulnya berbagai orang dari latar belakang yang berbeda, maksudnya: di suatu daerah, terjadi kontak antara penduduk asli dan pendatang yang satu sama lain berbeda bahasa. Dari sini kemudian digunakan sarana komunikasi, tetapi terpengaruh oleh kosakata bawaan dari orang-orang tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ringkasan">Ringkasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Ringkasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ringkasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa kreol diyakini muncul ketika <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_pijin" title="Bahasa pijin">bahasa pijin</a> yang dikembangkan oleh orang dewasa untuk digunakan sebagai bahasa kedua, menjadi bahasa asli dan bahasa utama anak-anak mereka – sebuah proses yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nativisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nativisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">nativisasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa ahli bahasa seperti Derek Bickerton berpendapat bahwa kreol memiliki banyak kesamaan tata bahasa satu sama lain daripada dengan bahasa dari mana mereka berasal secara filogenetik.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, tidak ada teori yang diterima secara luas yang akan menjelaskan kesamaan yang dirasakan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak bahasa kreol yang dikenal saat ini muncul sejak 500 tahun terakhir, sebagai akibat dari ekspansi kekuatan maritim dan perdagangan Eropa di <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Penjelajahan_Bangsa_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Penjelajahan Bangsa Eropa">Zaman Penjelajahan</a>, yang menyebabkan meluasnya imperium kolonial Eropa. Seperti kebanyakan bahasa non-resmi dan bahasa minoritas, dalam opini populer bahasa kreol umumnya dianggap sebagai varian atau dialek yang merosot dari bahasa induknya. Karena prasangka itu, banyak bahasa kreol muncul di koloni-koloni Eropa, yang telah distigmatisasi, menjadi punah. Namun, perubahan politik dan akademis dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah meningkatkan status bahasa kreol, baik sebagai bahasa hidup maupun sebagai objek studi linguistik.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa bahasa kreol bahkan telah berstatus sebagai bahasa resmi atau semi-resmi wilayah politik tertentu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Istilah "kreol" berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a> <i>créole</i>, yang <a href="/wiki/Kata_kerabat" title="Kata kerabat">serumpun</a> dengan istilah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">bahasa Spanyol</a> <i>criollo</i>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Portugis" title="Bahasa Portugis">bahasa Portugis</a> <i>crioulo</i>, yang semua itu diturunkan dari kata kerja <i>criar</i> ("untuk berkembang biak" atau "untuk membesarkan"), yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> <i>creare</i> ("untuk menghasilkan, membuat").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arti spesifik dari istilah ini diciptakan pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17, selama ekspansi besar-besaran bangsa Eropa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_sosial_dan_politik">Status sosial dan politik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Status sosial dan politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Status sosial dan politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker,_Belize.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker%2C_Belize.jpg/220px-Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker%2C_Belize.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker%2C_Belize.jpg/330px-Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker%2C_Belize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker%2C_Belize.jpg/440px-Creole_Notice_and_Roadsign_-_Caye_Caulker%2C_Belize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah papan peringatan dalam bahasa Kreol Belize</figcaption></figure> <p>Karena status masyarakat Kreol pada umumnya dipandang rendah di mata kekuatan kolonial Eropa di masa lampau, bahasa kreol umumnya dianggap sebagai bahasa "bobrok", atau sebagai "dialek" dasar dari bahasa induk yang mendominasi secara politik. Karena itu, kata "kreol" umumnya digunakan oleh ahli bahasa sebagai lawan dari "bahasa", bukan sebagai pengubah tata bahasa untuk itu.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karena perubahan kondisi sosial, politik, dan akademik akibat <a href="/wiki/Dekolonisasi" title="Dekolonisasi">dekolonisasi</a> pada paruh kedua abad ke-20, bahasa kreol telah mengalami kebangkitan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Mereka semakin banyak digunakan di media cetak dan film, dan dalam banyak kasus, prestise komunitas mereka telah meningkat secara dramatis. Bahkan, beberapa telah distandarisasi dan digunakan di sekolah dan universitas lokal di seluruh dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada saat yang sama, para ahli bahasa mulai menyadari bahwa bahasa kreol sama sekali tidak kalah dengan bahasa lain. Mereka sekarang menggunakan istilah "kreol" atau "bahasa kreol" untuk bahasa apa pun yang diduga telah mengalami kreolisasi, istilah yang sekarang menyiratkan bahwa tidak ada batasan geografis atau prasangka etnis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contoh_bahasa_kreol_dari_bahasa_induk">Contoh bahasa kreol dari bahasa induk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Contoh bahasa kreol dari bahasa induk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Contoh bahasa kreol dari bahasa induk"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Berikut adalah contoh bahasa-bahasa kreol yang sudah dikenal: </p> <ul><li><b>Kreol Arab</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Juba" title="Bahasa Arab Juba">Arab Juba</a></li> <li>Arab Babalia</li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Belanda</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda_Mohawk" title="Bahasa Belanda Mohawk">Belanda Mohawk</a></li> <li>Berbice</li> <li>Negerhollands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Javindo" title="Bahasa Javindo">Javindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pecok" title="Bahasa Pecok">Pecok</a></li> <li>Skepi</li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Inggris</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bislama" title="Bahasa Bislama">Bislama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tok_Pisin" title="Bahasa Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Krio" title="Bahasa Krio">Krio</a></li> <li>Pitcairn</li> <li>Sranang Tongo</li> <li>Kreol Belize</li> <li>Kreol Miskito (dialek Rama Cay)</li> <li>Pijin Ghana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwa_Jamaika" class="mw-redirect" title="Patwa Jamaika">Patwa Jamaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singlish" title="Singlish">Singlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Jerman</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Prancis</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kreol_Chagos" title="Kreol Chagos">Kreol Chagos</a> (turunan dari Kreol Bourbonnais)</li> <li>Kreol Guyana Prancis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kreol_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kreol Haiti">Kreol Haiti</a></li> <li>Kreol Louisiana</li> <li>Kreol Mauritius</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kreol_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kreol Seychelles">Kreol Seychelles</a></li> <li>Seselwa</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_dagang_dan_kreol_Melayu" title="Bahasa dagang dan kreol Melayu">Kreol Melayu</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Betawi" title="Bahasa Betawi">Melayu Betawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Ambon" title="Bahasa Melayu Ambon">Melayu Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Dili" title="Bahasa Melayu Dili">Melayu Dili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Manado" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Melayu Manado">Melayu Manado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Maluku_Utara" title="Bahasa Melayu Maluku Utara">Melayu Ternate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Banda" title="Bahasa Melayu Banda">Melayu Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Kupang" title="Bahasa Melayu Kupang">Melayu Kupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Larantuka" title="Bahasa Melayu Larantuka">Larantuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia_Peranakan" title="Bahasa Indonesia Peranakan">Indonesia Peranakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Spanyol</b> <ul><li>Chavacano</li> <li>Palenquero</li> <li>Spanyol Bozal</li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Portugis</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Papiamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Papiamento">Papiamento</a></li> <li>Macao</li> <li>Burgher</li> <li>Kreol Annobón</li> <li>Kreol Tanjung Verde</li> <li>Kreol Tugu<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kreol India</li> <li>São Tomé</li> <li>Fa d'Ambo</li> <li>Crioulo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kristang" title="Bahasa Kristang">Papia Kristang</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Kreol Sinhala</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Wedda" title="Bahasa Wedda">Wedda</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribunpapua.id/2020/02/26/sejarah-definisi-bahasa-tok-pidgin-creole/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2021-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=franscy91.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Rangkuman+Bahasa+Kreol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffranscy91.blogspot.com%2F2016%2F08%2Fbahasa-pidgin-dan-kreol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203441497-32"><i>Creoles and pidgins</i></a>. Routledge. 2006-09-27. hlm. 195–204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creoles+and+pidgins&rft.pages=195-204&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9780203441497-32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/creole-languages/">"Creole Languages"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0783-116">10.1038/scientificamerican0783-116</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Creole+Languages&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0783-116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fcreole-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Winford, Donald (1997-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.12.1.06win">"Creole Formation in the Context of Contact Linguistics"</a>. <i>Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 131–151. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fjpcl.12.1.06win">10.1075/jpcl.12.1.06win</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0920-9034">0920-9034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pidgin+and+Creole+Languages&rft.atitle=Creole+Formation+in+the+Context+of+Contact+Linguistics&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-151&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fjpcl.12.1.06win&rft.issn=0920-9034&rft.aulast=Winford&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1075%2Fjpcl.12.1.06win&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Washabaugh, William (1979-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700013220">"Albert Valdman, Pidgin and creole linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977. Pp. xvi + 399"</a>. <i>Journal of Linguistics</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 154–157. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022226700013220">10.1017/s0022226700013220</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2267">0022-2267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Albert+Valdman%2C+Pidgin+and+creole+linguistics.+Bloomington%3A+Indiana+University+Press%2C+1977.+Pp.+xvi+%2B+399.&rft.chron=1979-03&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=154-157&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0022226700013220&rft.issn=0022-2267&rft.aulast=Washabaugh&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0022226700013220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sebba, Mark (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/37246063"><i>Contact languages : pidgins and creoles</i></a>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-333-63023-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-333-63023-8">0-333-63023-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/37246063">37246063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contact+languages+%3A+pidgins+and+creoles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37246063&rft.isbn=0-333-63023-8&rft.aulast=Sebba&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F37246063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">A., Holm, John (1988–89). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/470271963"><i>Pidgins and Creoles</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-24980-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-24980-5">0-521-24980-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/470271963">470271963</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pidgins+and+Creoles&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988%2F1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470271963&rft.isbn=0-521-24980-5&rft.aulast=A.&rft.aufirst=Holm%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F470271963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Format_tanggal" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Washabaugh, William (1979-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700013220">"Albert Valdman, Pidgin and creole linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977. Pp. xvi + 399"</a>. <i>Journal of Linguistics</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 154–157. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022226700013220">10.1017/s0022226700013220</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2267">0022-2267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Albert+Valdman%2C+Pidgin+and+creole+linguistics.+Bloomington%3A+Indiana+University+Press%2C+1977.+Pp.+xvi+%2B+399.&rft.chron=1979-03&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=154-157&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0022226700013220&rft.issn=0022-2267&rft.aulast=Washabaugh&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0022226700013220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holm (1988, 1989)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediaindonesia.com/megapolitan/135597/bahasa-kreol-tugu-kini-tinggal-kenangan">"Bahasa Kreol Tugu Kini Tinggal Kenangan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Media_Indonesia" title="Media Indonesia">Media Indonesia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Media+Indonesia&rft.atitle=Bahasa+Kreol+Tugu+Kini+Tinggal+Kenangan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediaindonesia.com%2Fmegapolitan%2F135597%2Fbahasa-kreol-tugu-kini-tinggal-kenangan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+kreol" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&oldid=25898156">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_kreol&oldid=25898156</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kreol" title="Kategori:Bahasa kreol">Bahasa kreol</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Galat_CS1:_tanggal" title="Kategori:Galat CS1: tanggal">Galat CS1: tanggal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Format_tanggal" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal">Pemeliharaan CS1: Format tanggal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_artikel_yang_tidak_memiliki_referensi" title="Kategori:Semua artikel yang tidak memiliki referensi">Semua artikel yang tidak memiliki referensi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_yang_tidak_memiliki_referensi_Juni_2024" title="Kategori:Artikel yang tidak memiliki referensi Juni 2024">Artikel yang tidak memiliki referensi Juni 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 23 Juni 2024, pukul 06.18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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