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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-De_vaste_aggregatietoestand_in_het_dagelijks_leven_en_in_de_natuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_vaste_aggregatietoestand_in_het_dagelijks_leven_en_in_de_natuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>De vaste aggregatietoestand in het dagelijks leven en in de natuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_vaste_aggregatietoestand_in_het_dagelijks_leven_en_in_de_natuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enkele_eigenschappen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enkele_eigenschappen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Enkele eigenschappen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enkele_eigenschappen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Enkele eigenschappen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Enkele_eigenschappen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elasticiteit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elasticiteit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Elasticiteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elasticiteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dichtheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dichtheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dichtheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dichtheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geleiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geleiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Geleiding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geleiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vastestoffysica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vastestoffysica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vastestoffysica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vastestoffysica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fasen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fasen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fasen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fasen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enkele_bijzondere_vaste_stofklassen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enkele_bijzondere_vaste_stofklassen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enkele bijzondere vaste stofklassen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Enkele_bijzondere_vaste_stofklassen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Enkele bijzondere vaste stofklassen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Enkele_bijzondere_vaste_stofklassen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metalen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Metalen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineralen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineralen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mineralen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineralen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keramiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keramiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Keramiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keramiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organische_vaste_stoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organische_vaste_stoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Organische vaste stoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organische_vaste_stoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halfgeleiders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halfgeleiders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Halfgeleiders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halfgeleiders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vaste stof</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 130 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-130" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">130 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_stof" title="Vaste stof – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vaste stof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festk%C3%B6rper" title="Festkörper – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Festkörper" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="ठोस – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ठोस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="حالة صلبة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حالة صلبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AD" title="قاسح – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قاسح" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A8" title="صلب – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صلب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="কঠিন – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কঠিন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lidu" title="Sólidu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sólidu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99rk_cism" title="Bərk cism – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bərk cism" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="برک جیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برک جیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ҡаты есем – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаты есем" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97its_k%C5%ABns" title="Kėits kūns – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėits kūns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Цвёрдае цела – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цвёрдае цела" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Цьвёрдае цела – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цьвёрдае цела" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Твърдо тяло – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Твърдо тяло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="কঠিন পদার্থ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কঠিন পদার্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cvrsto_stanje" title="Čvrsto stanje – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čvrsto stanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%B5" title="Хатуу бэе – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хатуу бэе" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2lid" title="Sòlid – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sòlid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3-t%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Gó-tā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gó-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido_(butang)" title="Solido (butang) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Solido (butang)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%B2%E1%8F%92" title="ᎤᏍᏓᏲᏒ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏍᏓᏲᏒ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D9%82" title="ڕەق – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Pevná látka – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pevná látka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83_%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Хытă ĕскер – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хытă ĕскер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_form" title="Fast form – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fast form" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festk%C3%B6rper" title="Festkörper – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festkörper" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hest" title="Hest – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hest" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8C" title="Στερεό – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στερεό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sólido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahkis" title="Tahkis – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tahkis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3liu" title="Sóliu – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sóliu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF" title="جامد – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جامد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinte%C3%A4_olomuoto" title="Kiinteä olomuoto – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinteä olomuoto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukauwa" title="Kaukauwa – Fijisch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kaukauwa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_solide" title="État solide – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État solide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4%C3%A4ststoof" title="Fääststoof – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fääststoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solad" title="Solad – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Solad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sólido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%98%E0%AA%A8" title="ઘન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઘન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stooaltane" title="Stooaltane – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Stooaltane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daskararre" title="Daskararre – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Daskararre" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku-th%C3%AD" title="Ku-thí – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ku-thí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A7" title="מוצק – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוצק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="ठोस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ठोस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krutine" title="Krutine – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krutine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szil%C3%A1rd_halmaz%C3%A1llapot" title="Szilárd halmazállapot – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szilárd halmazállapot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Պինդ մարմին – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պինդ մարմին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padat" title="Padat – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Padat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solide" title="Solide – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Solide" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storkuhamur" title="Storkuhamur – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Storkuhamur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="固体 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="固体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sligu" title="sligu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sligu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მყარი სხეული – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მყარი სხეული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Қатты дене – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қатты дене" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%A8" title="ಘನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಘನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%B2%B4" title="고체 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biring" title="Biring – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Biring" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Катуу зат – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Катуу зат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidum" title="Solidum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solidum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_stof" title="Vaste stof – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vaste stof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kietasis_k%C5%ABnas" title="Kietasis kūnas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kietasis kūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cietviela" title="Cietviela – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cietviela" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vainga" title="Vainga – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vainga" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Цврста состојба на материјата – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цврста состојба на материјата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഖരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83" title="Хатуу – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хатуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepejal" title="Pepejal – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pepejal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%B2" title="အစိုင်အခဲ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစိုင်အခဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faststoff" title="Faststoff – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Faststoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="ठोस – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ठोस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="ठोस पदार्थ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ठोस पदार्थ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_stoff" title="Fast stoff – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fast stoff" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faststoff" title="Faststoff – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Faststoff" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solide" title="Solide – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Solide" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jajjaboo" title="Jajjaboo – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jajjaboo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8" title="ਠੋਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਠੋਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_sta%C5%82e" title="Ciało stałe – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ciało stałe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2lid_(f%C3%ACsica)" title="Sòlid (fìsica) – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sòlid (fìsica)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ٹھوس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹھوس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF" title="جامد – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جامد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sólido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinchiyasqa" title="Sinchiyasqa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sinchiyasqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Твёрдое тело – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Твёрдое тело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="نھرو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نھرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cvrsto_agregatno_stanje" title="Čvrsto agregatno stanje – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čvrsto agregatno stanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9D%E0%B6%B1" title="ඝන – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඝන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid" title="Solid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Pevná látka – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pevná látka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trdnina" title="Trdnina – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trdnina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godo" title="Godo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Godo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adke" title="Adke – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Adke" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngurt%C3%ABsia" title="Ngurtësia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ngurtësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Чврсто агрегатно стање – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чврсто агрегатно стање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_form" title="Fast form – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fast form" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango" title="Mango – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mango" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="திண்மம் (இயற்பியல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திண்மம் (இயற்பியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%98%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%82" title="ఘన పదార్థం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఘన పదార్థం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ของแข็ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ของแข็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C4%B1" title="Katı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Тверде тіло – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тверде тіло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ٹھوس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹھوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattiq_jism" title="Qattiq jism – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qattiq jism" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kova_hibj" title="Kova hibj – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kova hibj" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Chất rắn – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất rắn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaste_stoffe" title="Vaste stoffe – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vaste stoffe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solido" title="Solido – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Solido" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="固体 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="固体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-solid" title="I-solid – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-solid" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="סאלידער קערפער – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאלידער קערפער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="固体 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="固体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="固體 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="固體" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2%CD%98-th%C3%A9" title="Kò͘-thé – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kò͘-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="固體 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="固體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isinqumela" title="Isinqumela – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isinqumela" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11438#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Icecube.jpg/260px-Icecube.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Icecube.jpg/390px-Icecube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Icecube.jpg/520px-Icecube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Water in vaste vorm</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vaste stof</b> is <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">materie</a> die zich in de vaste <a href="/wiki/Aggregatietoestand" title="Aggregatietoestand">aggregatietoestand</a> bevindt. In microscopische zin wordt deze toestand gekenmerkt door een dichte opeenstapeling van de samenstellende deeltjes (hoge <a href="/wiki/Massadichtheid" title="Massadichtheid">dichtheid</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Macroscopische_schaal" title="Macroscopische schaal">macroscopisch</a> opzicht door <a href="/wiki/Stijfheid" title="Stijfheid">onvervormbaarheid</a>: anders dan <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeibare materie</a> neemt vaste materie onder invloed van haar gewicht niet spontaan de vorm van het vat aan. </p><p>Op microscopische schaal komt het vaste karakter van de materie tot uiting in het feit dat haar <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atomen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Molecuul" title="Molecuul">moleculen</a> niet vrij onderling bewegen, maar slechts geringe schommelingen vertonen ten opzichte van een gemiddelde onderlinge afstand. Wanneer de atomen of moleculen gerangschikt zitten in een regelmatige <a href="/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur">roosterstructuur</a>, is sprake van een <a href="/wiki/Kristal_(natuurwetenschappen)" title="Kristal (natuurwetenschappen)">kristal</a> of een <i><a href="/wiki/Kristalliniteit" title="Kristalliniteit">kristallijne</a></i> vaste stof; als de posities weliswaar vast, maar onregelmatig zijn, is de vaste stof <a href="/wiki/Amorf_(materie)" title="Amorf (materie)">amorf</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_vaste_aggregatietoestand_in_het_dagelijks_leven_en_in_de_natuur">De vaste aggregatietoestand in het dagelijks leven en in de natuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De vaste aggregatietoestand in het dagelijks leven en in de natuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De vaste aggregatietoestand in het dagelijks leven en in de natuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alle <a href="/wiki/Object_(ding)" title="Object (ding)">voorwerpen</a> bestaan minstens voor een deel uit vaste <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">stof</a>, daardoor kunnen we ze vastpakken. Alles uit het dagelijks leven waar we op kunnen lopen, tegenaan kunnen leunen, op kunnen zitten enzovoorts bestaat geheel of gedeeltelijk uit vaste materie. Alledaagse voorbeelden van materie in de vaste aggregatietoestand zijn <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">metalen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Plastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic">plastic</a> gebruiksvoorwerpen, <a href="/wiki/Textiel" title="Textiel">textiel</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aardewerk" title="Aardewerk">aardewerk</a>. In de <a href="/wiki/Natuur_(werkelijkheid)" title="Natuur (werkelijkheid)">natuur</a> komt de vaste aggregatietoestand voor in de vorm van <a href="/wiki/Gesteente" title="Gesteente">stenen</a>, maar ook plantaardig <a href="/wiki/Weefsel_(biologie)" title="Weefsel (biologie)">materiaal</a> is vaak vast, zoals <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zand" title="Zand">Zand</a> is niets anders dan heel kleine <a href="/wiki/Korrelgrootte_(sediment)" title="Korrelgrootte (sediment)">stukjes steen</a> en is dus ook vaste stof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structuur">Structuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Structuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Structuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Natuurkundig gezien bestaat vaste stof uit <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atomen</a> die, anders dan bij gasvormige en vloeibare materie, een <i>vaste</i>, onveranderlijke positie ten opzichte van elkaar innemen. Dat kan zijn in een regelmatig <a href="/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur">kristalrooster</a>, of in een <a href="/wiki/Amorf_(materie)" title="Amorf (materie)">onregelmatige structuur</a> zoals bij <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glas</a>. De bestudering van kristalstructuren van vaste materialen (bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Legering" title="Legering">legeringen</a>) en van vaste scheikundige <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)" title="Stof (scheikunde)">stoffen</a> vormt het domein van de <a href="/wiki/Vastestoffysica" title="Vastestoffysica">vastestoffysica</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Kristallografie" title="Kristallografie">kristallografie</a>, twee <a href="/wiki/Vakwetenschap" title="Vakwetenschap">vakdisciplines</a> binnen de <a href="/wiki/Natuurwetenschap" title="Natuurwetenschap">natuurwetenschappen</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">Organische</a> weefsels hebben verschillende inwendige structuren. Sommige onderdelen van het menselijk lichaam zijn geheel vaste stof, met name kalk in <a href="/wiki/Been_(materiaal)" title="Been (materiaal)">botweefsel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">Bloed</a> is '<a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeibaar</a> weefsel': vaste <a href="/wiki/Deeltje" title="Deeltje">deeltjes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bloedcel" title="Bloedcel">bloedcellen</a>) die zich in <a href="/wiki/Suspensie_(scheikunde)" title="Suspensie (scheikunde)">suspensie</a> in het <a href="/wiki/Bloedplasma" title="Bloedplasma">bloedplasma</a> bevinden. De meeste cellen in de plantaardige en dierlijke <a href="/wiki/Weefsel_(biologie)" title="Weefsel (biologie)">weefsels</a> bestaan voor meer dan twee derde uit <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, en kunnen in natuurkundige zin nog het beste als een <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">gel</a> van water en eiwitten worden beschreven. In de <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">biochemische</a> kristallografie worden specifieke eiwitten als droge stof uit celmateriaal geïsoleerd om hun <a href="/wiki/Kristalstructuur" title="Kristalstructuur">kristalstructuur</a> te onderzoeken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enkele_eigenschappen">Enkele eigenschappen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Enkele eigenschappen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Enkele eigenschappen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elasticiteit">Elasticiteit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Elasticiteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Elasticiteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaste stof vertoont een veel grotere weerstand tegen vervorming dan <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeistof</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gasvormig" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasvormig">gas</a>. Echter onder hoge belastingen kan er tijdelijke, <a href="/wiki/Elasticiteit_(materiaalkunde)" title="Elasticiteit (materiaalkunde)">elastische</a> dan wel blijvende, <a href="/wiki/Plastische_vervorming" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastische vervorming">plastische</a> vervorming optreden, of kan vast materiaal zelfs <a href="/wiki/Breuk_(mechanica)" title="Breuk (mechanica)">breken</a>. Bij materiaal dat uit <a href="/wiki/Korrelgrootte_(sediment)" title="Korrelgrootte (sediment)">korrels</a> of andersoortige losse delen bestaat kan, bijvoorbeeld bij zijdelingse belasting, <a href="/wiki/Liquefactie" title="Liquefactie">liquefactie</a> (vervloeiing) optreden, vooral als het geheel gemengd is met een vloeistof. De <a href="/wiki/Cohesie_(natuurkunde)" title="Cohesie (natuurkunde)">cohesiekrachten</a> tussen de korrels worden dan verbroken en het geheel gaat zich gedragen als een vloeistof. <a href="/wiki/Drijfzand" title="Drijfzand">Drijfzand</a>, sommige <a href="/wiki/Lawine" title="Lawine">lawines</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aardverschuiving" title="Aardverschuiving">aardverschuivingen</a> maar ook het bijna weerstandsloos glijden van een <a href="/wiki/Schaats" title="Schaats">schaatser</a> zijn verschijnselen waarbij <a href="/wiki/Bodemvervloeiing" title="Bodemvervloeiing">vervloeiing</a> optreedt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dichtheid">Dichtheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dichtheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dichtheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_dichtheden_van_vaste_stoffen" title="Lijst van dichtheden van vaste stoffen">Lijst van dichtheden van vaste stoffen</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Sommige <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)" title="Stof (scheikunde)">stoffen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal">materialen</a> in de vaste aggregatietoestand blijven drijven op water, andere zinken. Dit heeft te maken met de <a href="/wiki/Dichtheid_(natuurkunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichtheid (natuurkunde)">soortelijke massa</a> (dichtheid) die voor iedere soort vast materiaal en vaste scheikundige stof specifiek is. Als deze dichtheid groter is dan die van water (1000 kg/m³) zal de vaste stof zinken. De zwaarste vaste stoffen zijn metalen zoals <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, met een dichtheid van 18950 kg/m³ en <a href="/wiki/Iridium_(element)" title="Iridium (element)">iridium</a> met een dichtheid van 22650 kg/m³. Het lichtste vaste materiaal is door mensen gemaakt en heet <a href="/wiki/Aerogel" title="Aerogel">aerogel</a>, dit heeft een dichtheid van 1,9 kg/m³, dus 526 keer zo licht als water. Hierbij is sprake van vermenging van vaste stof met een gas. Dit geldt ook voor <a href="/wiki/Kurk_(materiaal)" title="Kurk (materiaal)">kurk</a> maar veel minder voor <a href="/wiki/Balsa_(houtsoort)" title="Balsa (houtsoort)">balsahout</a> dat een dichtheid van 40 tot maximaal 300 kg/m³ kan hebben.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geleiding">Geleiding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geleiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geleiding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Individuele <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)" title="Stof (scheikunde)">stoffen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Materiaal" title="Materiaal">materialen</a> worden ook gekenmerkt door hun specifieke <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_geleidbaarheid" title="Elektrische geleidbaarheid">elektrische geleidbaarheid</a>: de mate waarin ze, in de vaste aggregatietoestand, <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_geleiding" title="Elektrische geleiding">elektriciteit geleiden</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">Metalen</a> zijn elektrisch geleidend, materialen als <a href="/wiki/Kunststof" title="Kunststof">plastic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a> en <a href="/wiki/Steen_(materiaal)" title="Steen (materiaal)">steen</a> zijn dat niet of nauwelijks. Ook de <a href="/wiki/Thermische_geleidbaarheid" title="Thermische geleidbaarheid">mate</a> van <a href="/wiki/Warmtegeleiding" class="mw-redirect" title="Warmtegeleiding">warmtegeleiding</a> verschilt per soort vaste stof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vastestoffysica">Vastestoffysica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vastestoffysica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vastestoffysica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Vastestoffysica" title="Vastestoffysica">Vastestoffysica</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>De vastestoffysica tracht macroscopische eigenschappen van vaste stoffen zoals elasticiteit, hardheid, thermische en elektrische geleidbaarheid en kleur te verklaren aan de hand van het gedrag van de materie op de schaal van individuele atomen en moleculen. Op die schaal speelt de <a href="/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica">kwantummechanica</a> een doorslaggevende rol. </p><p>In de 20ste eeuw kreeg de vastestoffysica een dubbele impuls enerzijds door belangrijke ontdekkingen in de <a href="/wiki/Atoomfysica" title="Atoomfysica">atoom</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Molecuulfysica" title="Molecuulfysica">molecuulfysica</a>, anderzijds door het commerciële belang van <a href="/wiki/Halfgeleider_(elektronica)" title="Halfgeleider (elektronica)">halfgeleiders</a> in de elektronica en later bij de bouw van computers en digitale communicatienetwerken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fasen">Fasen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Fasen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Fasen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Diag_phase_glace.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Diag_phase_glace.svg/300px-Diag_phase_glace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Diag_phase_glace.svg/450px-Diag_phase_glace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Diag_phase_glace.svg/600px-Diag_phase_glace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Fasediagram van de <a href="/wiki/Polymorf_(kristallografie)" title="Polymorf (kristallografie)">polymorfen</a> van <a href="/wiki/IJs_(water)" title="IJs (water)">ijs</a> bij hoge atmosferische druk (<a href="/wiki/Logaritmische_schaal" title="Logaritmische schaal">logaritmische schaal</a> op de horizontale as) en verschillende temperaturen in °C. Het blauwe gebied links bovenaan is de vloeistoffase; de Romeinse cijfers zijn verschillende vaste fasen van ijs. Bij een <a href="/wiki/Luchtdruk" title="Luchtdruk">luchtdruk</a> van 10 <a href="/wiki/Gigapascal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigapascal">GPa</a> ligt het <a href="/wiki/Smeltpunt" title="Smeltpunt">smeltpunt</a> boven de 100°C.</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Fase_(stof)" title="Fase (stof)">Fase (stof)</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Terwijl het onderscheid tussen de vloeibare en de gasvormige aggregatietoestand vervaagt bij hoge druk en temperatuur (zie <a href="/wiki/Kritisch_punt_(thermodynamica)" title="Kritisch punt (thermodynamica)">kritisch punt (thermodynamica)</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kritische_temperatuur" title="Kritische temperatuur">kritische temperatuur</a>), is er bij de meeste <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)" title="Stof (scheikunde)">stoffen</a>, en bovendien over een ruim drukbereik, wel sprake van een tamelijk scherp afgelijnde smelt- en sublimatietemperatuur. Dat is de temperatuur waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Kinetische_energie" title="Kinetische energie">kinetische energie</a> van de samenstellende deeltjes hoog genoeg is om hun kristalstructuur 'uiteen te botsen' , waardoor de vaste stof óf <i><a href="/wiki/Smelten_(faseovergang)" title="Smelten (faseovergang)">smelt</a></i> (overgaat in een vloeistof), óf <i>sublimeert</i> tot een gas. Bij het stollingsproces naar de vaste aggregatietoestand onderscheidt men verder nog de <a href="/wiki/Glastemperatuur" title="Glastemperatuur">glastemperatuur</a>: als vloeibare materie tijdens het stollen te snel afkoelt voor de vorming van een regelmatig kristalrooster, raakt ze <a href="/wiki/Superkoeling" title="Superkoeling">onderkoeld</a> en gaat vervolgens bij nog lagere temperatuur over in een amorfe vaste stof: de <a href="/wiki/Glasovergang" title="Glasovergang">glasovergang</a>. </p><p>Binnen de vaste toestand kunnen verschillende rangschikkingen van de atomen optreden, die vaak andere <a href="/wiki/Macroscopische_schaal" title="Macroscopische schaal">macroscopische</a> <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_materiaaleigenschappen" title="Lijst van materiaaleigenschappen">eigenschappen</a> opleveren. Zo bestaan de kristallijne stoffen <a href="/wiki/Grafiet" title="Grafiet">grafiet</a> en <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> allebei uitsluitend uit koolstofatomen, maar door hun verschillende kristalstructuur verschillen beide <i><a href="/wiki/Allotroop" class="mw-redirect" title="Allotroop">allotropen</a></i> van koolstof wat betreft hun <a href="/wiki/Hardheid_(materiaalkunde)" title="Hardheid (materiaalkunde)">hardheid</a>. </p><p>Bij vast water (<a href="/wiki/IJs_(water)" title="IJs (water)">ijs</a>) onderscheiden wetenschappers 18 verschillende kristallijne fasen, naast één amorfe vorm. Deze vaste fasen van een samengestelde stof met een verschil in kristalstructuur worden <a href="/wiki/Polymorf_(kristallografie)" title="Polymorf (kristallografie)">polymorfen</a> genoemd.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enkele_bijzondere_vaste_stofklassen">Enkele bijzondere vaste stofklassen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Enkele bijzondere vaste stofklassen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Enkele bijzondere vaste stofklassen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bepaalde groepen van stoffen die vast zijn bij normale druk en temperatuur, vormen een onderzoeksgebied op zich omwille van specifieke eigenschappen of toepassingen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalen">Metalen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Metalen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Metalen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Metaal" title="Metaal">Metaal</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Metalen zijn <a href="/wiki/Enkelvoudige_stof" title="Enkelvoudige stof">enkelvoudige stoffen</a> met relatief geringe <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativiteit" title="Elektronegativiteit">elektronegativiteit</a>. Ze vormen het grootste deel van het <a href="/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem">periodiek systeem</a>, ruwweg een driehoek in de linker onderhoek van de tabel van Mendelejev. Op het vloeibare <a href="/wiki/Kwik" title="Kwik">kwik</a> na zijn ze bij normale druk en temperatuur allemaal vast. </p><p>Het kristalrooster wordt samengehouden door elektronen in de valentieband, die met grote vrijheid kunnen bewegen over veel langere afstanden dan de onderlinge afstand tussen twee atoomkernen. </p><p>Metalen worden gekenmerkt door een hoge <a href="/wiki/Elektrische_geleidbaarheid" title="Elektrische geleidbaarheid">elektrische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Thermische_geleidbaarheid" title="Thermische geleidbaarheid">thermische geleidbaarheid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mineralen">Mineralen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mineralen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mineralen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Mineraal_(geologie)" title="Mineraal (geologie)">Mineraal (geologie)</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Mineralen zijn in de natuur voorkomende vaste stoffen die gevormd worden door geologische processen, vaak onder hoge druk en temperatuur in de diepere lagen van de aardkorst. De meeste gesteenten bestaan in hoofdzaak uit kristallijne verbindingen van <a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium">silicium</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element)">zuurstof</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kwarts" title="Kwarts">kwarts</a> en <a href="/wiki/Silicaat" title="Silicaat">silicaat</a>), aangevuld met metaalionen zoals <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/IJzer_(element)" title="IJzer (element)">ijzer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keramiek">Keramiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Keramiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Keramiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Keramiek" title="Keramiek">Keramiek</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Keramische materialen bestaan uit anorganische verbindingen, vaak <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxiden</a>, en worden gekarakteriseerd door hoge thermische weerstand, een hoog smeltpunt, geringe geleidbaarheid en <a href="/wiki/Chemisch_inert" title="Chemisch inert">chemische inertheid</a>. Omwille van die laatste eigenschap wordt keramiek al sinds de prehistorie gebruikt voor het opslaan van voedsel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organische_vaste_stoffen">Organische vaste stoffen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Organische vaste stoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Organische vaste stoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Organische_chemie" title="Organische chemie">Organische chemie</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>De organische chemie bestudeert chemische verbindingen bestaande uit koolwaterstofketens en functionele groepen van andere elementen. De traditioneel in toepassingen populairste organische vaste stof is <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">hout</a>, een dichte opeenstapeling van <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulosevezels</a> in een <a href="/wiki/Lignine" title="Lignine">ligninematrix</a>, gevormd door een groot aantal planten. <a href="/wiki/Rubber" title="Rubber">Rubber</a> was lange tijd gegeerd omwille van zijn hoge elasticiteit. Sinds de twintigste eeuw produceert de <a href="/wiki/Polymeerchemie" title="Polymeerchemie">polymeerchemie</a> een groot aantal synthetische vaste organische stoffen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halfgeleiders">Halfgeleiders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Halfgeleiders" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Halfgeleiders"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Halfgeleider_(vastestoffysica)" title="Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica)">Halfgeleider (vastestoffysica)</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Een halfgeleider in ruime zin is een vaste stof waarvan de elektrische geleidbaarheid tussen die van de metalen en die van de isolatoren (bijvoorbeeld keramieken) in ligt. In nauwere zin is het een vaste stof die een aantal uitzonderlijke macroscopische elektrische eigenschappen vertoont ten gevolge van een bijzondere onderlinge ligging van de moleculaire energieniveaus: verandering van de geleidbaarheid onder invloed van licht; opwekking van elektriciteit onder invloed van licht; stijging van de elektrische geleidbaarheid bij stijgende temperatuur; verschillende geleidbaarheid naargelang van de zin van de elektrische stroom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaste_stof&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vastestofchemie" title="Vastestofchemie">Vastestofchemie</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><b>Bronnen</b></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bij een vochtgehalte van 12% <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.houtinfo.nl/main.php?mn=0&o=body&id=1002&script_action=single&item_id=237">Balsa op houtinfo.nl</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Onbereikbare_externe_links" title="Wikipedia:Onbereikbare externe links">[dode link]</a></sup> bezocht 28 mei 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2017"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. W. Atkins</span>, <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Julio De Paula</span> (2017). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/968411618">Elements of physical chemistry</a></i></cite>, Oxford, United Kingdom. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-19-872787-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-19-872787-3">ISBN 978-0-19-872787-3</a></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output 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.links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Klassiek:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">vaste stof</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof">vloeistof</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)">gas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Plasma (aggregatietoestand)">plasma</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Modern:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bose-einsteincondensaat" title="Bose-einsteincondensaat">bose-einsteincondensaat</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermionische_condensaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermionische condensaat (de pagina bestaat niet)">fermionische condensaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ontaarde_materie" title="Ontaarde materie">ontaarde materie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Superkritische_fase" title="Superkritische fase">superkritische fase</a> · <a href="/wiki/Supergeleiding" title="Supergeleiding">supergeleiding</a> · <a href="/wiki/Superflu%C3%AFditeit" title="Superfluïditeit">superfluïde</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprasolide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprasolide (de pagina bestaat niet)">suprasolide</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tijdkristal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tijdkristal (de pagina bestaat niet)">tijdkristal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Quark-gluonplasma" title="Quark-gluonplasma">quark-gluonplasma</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" 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