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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kehidupan_awal_dan_karier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehidupan_awal_dan_karier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kehidupan awal dan karier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kehidupan_awal_dan_karier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemerintahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemerintahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pemerintahan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pemerintahan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pemerintahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kebijakan_dalam_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kebijakan_dalam_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kebijakan dalam negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kebijakan_dalam_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urusan_luar_negeri_dan_militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urusan_luar_negeri_dan_militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Urusan luar negeri dan militer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urusan_luar_negeri_dan_militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akhir_penyakit_dan_kematian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akhir_penyakit_dan_kematian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Akhir penyakit dan kematian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akhir_penyakit_dan_kematian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sumber</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sumber_pertama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_pertama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sumber pertama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_pertama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_kedua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_kedua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sumber kedua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_kedua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikhaēl IV Paphlagōn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 44 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IV_die_Paflagoni%C3%ABr" title="Michael IV die Paflagoniër – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Michael IV die Paflagoniër" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_IV" title="Miguel IV – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miguel IV" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ميخائيل الرابع البافلاغوني – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميخائيل الرابع البافلاغوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86" title="ميخائيل الرابع بافلاجون – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميخائيل الرابع بافلاجون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="دؤردونجو میخائیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردونجو میخائیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_IV_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Михаил IV Пафлагон – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Михаил IV Пафлагон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquel_IV_el_Paflagoni" title="Miquel IV el Paflagoni – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Miquel IV el Paflagoni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IV._Paflago%C5%88an" title="Michael IV. Paflagoňan – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael IV. Paflagoňan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IV._(Byzanz)" title="Michael IV. (Byzanz) – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael IV. (Byzanz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhael_IV" title="Mikhael IV – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mikhael IV" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB_%CE%94%CE%84_%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Μιχαήλ Δ΄ ο Παφλαγών – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιχαήλ Δ΄ ο Παφλαγών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_IV" title="Miguel IV – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miguel IV" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IV" title="Michael IV – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michael IV" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikel_IV.a" title="Mikel IV.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mikel IV.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85" title="میخائیل چهارم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میخائیل چهارم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_IV" title="Mikael IV – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mikael IV" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_IV_le_Paphlagonien" title="Michel IV le Paphlagonien – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michel IV le Paphlagonien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_IV" title="Miguel IV – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miguel IV" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מיכאל הרביעי, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיכאל הרביעי, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihael_IV._Paflagonac" title="Mihael IV. Paflagonac – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mihael IV. Paflagonac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._Mikha%C3%A9l_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="IV. Mikhaél bizánci császár – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="IV. Mikhaél bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_IV_il_Paflagone" title="Michele IV il Paflagone – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michele IV il Paflagone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB4%E4%B8%96" title="ミカエル4世 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミカエル4世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_IV_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მიხეილ IV პაფლაგონელი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიხეილ IV პაფლაგონელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC_4%EC%84%B8" title="미하일 4세 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미하일 4세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IV_Paphlagon" title="Michael IV Paphlagon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael IV Paphlagon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_IV_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Михаил IV Пафлагонецот – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Михаил IV Пафлагонецот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C3%ABl_IV_Paphlagon" title="Michaël IV Paphlagon – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michaël IV Paphlagon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_IV_Paflagonieren" title="Mikael IV Paflagonieren – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mikael IV Paflagonieren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_IV_Paflago%C5%84czyk" title="Michał IV Paflagończyk – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michał IV Paflagończyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_IV,_o_Paflag%C3%B4nio" title="Miguel IV, o Paflagônio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Miguel IV, o Paflagônio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_al_IV-lea_Paflagonianul" title="Mihail al IV-lea Paflagonianul – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mihail al IV-lea Paflagonianul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_IV_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Михаил IV Пафлагонский – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Михаил IV Пафлагонский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihajlo_IV_Paflagonac" title="Mihajlo IV Paflagonac – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mihajlo IV Paflagonac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michal_IV._(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Michal IV. (Byzantská ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michal IV. (Byzantská ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihael_IV._Paflagonec" title="Mihael IV. Paflagonec – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mihael IV. Paflagonec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_IV_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Михаило IV Пафлагонац – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Михаило IV Пафлагонац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_IV" title="Mikael IV – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mikael IV" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IV._Mihail" title="IV. Mihail – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IV. Mihail" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB_IV" title="Михаїл IV – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Михаїл IV" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مائیکل چہارم پافلاگونیان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائیکل چہارم پافلاگونیان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhael_IV" title="Mikhael IV – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mikhael IV" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="米海爾四世 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米海爾四世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41654#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi (halaman belum tersedia) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mikhaēl IV Paphlagōn</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Romawi_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kaisar Romawi Timur">Kaisar dan Autokrat Romawi</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg/220px-Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg/330px-Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg/440px-Michael_IV_histamenon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="242" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Histamenon" title="Histamenon">Histamenon</a></i> dari masa pemerintahan Mikhaēl IV. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christos_Pantokrator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christos Pantokrator (halaman belum tersedia)">Christos Pantokrator</a> (bagian depan) dan menghadap Mikhaēl, mengenakan mahkota dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B3ros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lóros (halaman belum tersedia)">lóros</a>, memegang labarum dan globus cruciger (di bagian belakang).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Romawi_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kaisar Romawi Timur">Kaisar</a> <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Romawi_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kaisar Romawi Timur">Kekaisaran Bizantium</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Berkuasa</th><td class="infobox-data">11 April 1034 – 10 Desember 1041</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Penobatan" title="Penobatan">Penobatan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 April 1034<sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._1365-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pendahulu</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmanos_III_Argyros" title="Rōmanos III Argyros">Rōmanos III Argyros</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Penerus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikhael_V_Kalafatis" title="Mikhael V Kalafatis">Mikhaēl V</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kelahiran</th><td class="infobox-data">skt. 1010<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paflagon%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paflagonía (halaman belum tersedia)">Paflagonía</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kematian</th><td class="infobox-data">10 Desember 1041<br />(30–31)<br />Biara Anargyroi, <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemakaman</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Biara Anargyroi, <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pasangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8D%C4%93_Porphyrog%C3%A9nn%C4%93t%C4%93" title="Zōē Porphyrogénnētē">Zōē Porphyrogénnētē</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mikhaēl IV Paflagonía</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a>: <span lang="el"><span lang="grc">Μιχαὴλ (Δ´) ὁ Παφλαγών</span></span>, <i>Mikhaēl ho Paphlagōn</i>; 1010 – 10 Desember 1041) merupakan seorang <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Romawi_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kaisar Romawi Timur">Kaisar Bizantium</a> dari tanggal 11 April 1034 hingga kematiannya pada tanggal 10 Desember 1041. Dia berutang kedudukannya kepada Permaisuri <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8D%C4%93_Porphyrog%C3%A9nn%C4%93t%C4%93" title="Zōē Porphyrogénnētē">Zoe</a>, putri Kaisar Konstantinos VIII dan istri <a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmanos_III_Argyros" title="Rōmanos III Argyros">Romanos III Argyros</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_awal_dan_karier">Kehidupan awal dan karier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kehidupan awal dan karier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kehidupan awal dan karier"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikhaēl berasal dari keluarga petani Paflagonia, salah satunya, <i>parakoimomenos</i> Ioannes Orphanotrophos (juga dikenal sebagai Ioannes sang Kasim), telah datang untuk mengetuai tempat-tempat perempuan di istana kekaisaran.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ioannes membawa beberapa adik laki-lakinya ke istana dan di sana permaisuri Zoe menjadi terpikat pada yang termuda, Mikhael, yang menjadi bawahannya pada tahun 1033. Sebelum pengangkatannya di istana, Mikhael pada mulanya adalah seorang <a href="/wiki/Penukar_uang" title="Penukar uang">penukar uang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._1365-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi diyakini bahwa dia juga secara diam-diam adalah <a href="/wiki/Pemalsuan" title="Pemalsuan">pemalsu</a> uang logam.<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._276_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._276-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keduanya segera menjadi sepasang kekasih.<sup id="cite_ref-Garland,_Zoe_Porphyrogenita_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garland,_Zoe_Porphyrogenita-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoe memamerkan Mikhael terang-terangan, dan berbicara tentang membuatnya menjadi kaisar. Mendengar desas-desus itu, Romanos khawatir dan berkonfrontasi dengan Mikhael,<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._276_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._276-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi dia menyangkal tuduhan itu, dengan bersumpah tidak bersalah pada beberapa relik suci.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kemudian, pada tanggal 11 April 1034, suami Zoe, Romanos III ditemukan tewas di kamar mandinya. Rumor segera mulai beredar bahwa Zoe dan Mikhael telah memutuskan untuk menggunakan racun lambat untuk membunuhnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._586-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, menjadi tidak sabar dengan racun yang ditimbulkan Mikhael kepadanya atau <a href="/wiki/Tenggelam" title="Tenggelam">tenggelam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._2228_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._2228-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menambah bobot pada desas-desus itu adalah kecepatan ketika Zoe dan Mikhael menikah, pada hari ketika Romanos III meninggal. </p><p>Keesokan harinya, pada tanggal 12 April 1034, pasangan itu memanggil <a href="/wiki/Patriark_Ekumenis_Konstantinopel" title="Patriark Ekumenis Konstantinopel">Patriark</a> Alexios I untuk memimpin penobatan kaisar baru.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meskipun awalnya dia menolak untuk bekerja sama, pembayaran 50 pound emas membantu mengubah pikirannya. Dia melanjutkan untuk memahkotai Mikhael IV sebagai kaisar baru Romawi.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._586-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemerintahan">Pemerintahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pemerintahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemerintahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kebijakan_dalam_negeri">Kebijakan dalam negeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kebijakan dalam negeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kebijakan dalam negeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mikhael IV tampan, pintar, dan dermawan, tetapi dia tidak berpendidikan dan menderita penyakit <a href="/wiki/Epilepsi" title="Epilepsi">epilepsi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ini berarti dia pada awalnya sangat bergantung pada seseorang untuk mengarahkan pemerintah atas namanya, dan meskipun Zoe percaya Mikhael akan terbukti menjadi suami yang lebih berbakti daripada Romanos, dia malangnya keliru. Mikhael IV khawatir Zoe akan berpaling darinya seperti cara dia berpaling dari Romanos,<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._280_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._280-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan karenanya dia mengesampingkan Zoe dari politik sama sekali. Dengan latar belakang ini dan status kesehatannya, ia melanjutkan untuk meninggalkan pemerintahan di tangan saudaranya, Ioannes, yang telah menjadi menteri yang berpengaruh di bawah Konstantinos VIII dan Romanos III.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zoe terbatas pada istana <i>gynaikeion</i>, dan terus diawasi ketat,<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._280_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._280-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara kunjungan Mikhael semakin jarang.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:67-manasses-chronicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/67-manasses-chronicle.jpg/220px-67-manasses-chronicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/67-manasses-chronicle.jpg/330px-67-manasses-chronicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/67-manasses-chronicle.jpg/440px-67-manasses-chronicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1086" /></a><figcaption>Pembunuhan kaisar Romanos III Argyros di bawah perintah Mikhael IV Paflagonia, dari <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Manasses" title="Konstantinos Manasses">Kronik Konstantinos Manasses</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Reformasi Ioannes tentang tentara dan sistem keuangan dihidupkan kembali untuk sementara kekuatan Kekaisaran, yang berhasil dengan sukses melawan musuh-musuhnya yang asing.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay,_pg._485-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tetapi peningkatan pajak menyebabkan ketidakpuasan di antara bangsawan dan rakyat jelata.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._481_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay,_pg._481-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ioannes monopoli pemerintah, dan kebijakannya, seperti pengenalan pajak <i>Aerikon</i>, menyebabkan beberapa konspirasi yang gagal melawannya, dan, dengan perluasan, Mikhael.<sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._1365-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._481_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay,_pg._481-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada pemberontakan lokal di <a href="/wiki/Antiokhia" title="Antiokhia">Antiokhia</a>, di Nikopolis, dan <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketidakpuasan setempat diperparah oleh panen yang buruk dan kelaparan yang disebabkan oleh cuaca buruk dan wabah belalang pada tahun 1035,<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._586-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan ketika Mikhael mencoba untuk mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, warga setempat mengusir gubernur kekaisaran.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1034, Konstantinos Dalassenos ditangkap oleh Mikhael karena dicurigai berkhianat, dituduh mengobarkan pemberontakan di Antiokhia.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay,_pg._485-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1037, Zoe terlibat dalam konspirasi untuk membuat Ioannes sang Kasim diracuni. Pada tahun 1038, ada pemberontakan di tentara di <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, yang ditindas oleh saudara Mikhael, Konstantinos.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay,_pg._485-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada 1040, ada konspirasi yang melibatkan bangsawan Mikhael Keroularios, yang menjadi biarawan untuk menyelamatkan hidupnya dan kemudian terpilih sebagai <a href="/wiki/Patriark_Ekumenis_Konstantinopel" title="Patriark Ekumenis Konstantinopel">Patriark Konstantinopel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finlay,_pg._485-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akhirnya, selama pemberontakan Bulgaria pada tahun 1040, Ioannes sang Kasim terpaksa menangkap orang yang diduga berkomplot di Anatolia dan Konstantinopel yang berharap untuk mengambil keuntungan dari gejolak itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia tidak dapat menangkap <a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">Strategos</a> dari Theodosiopolis, yang bergabung dengan pemberontakan dan berusaha merebut <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Tesalonika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urusan_luar_negeri_dan_militer">Urusan luar negeri dan militer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Urusan luar negeri dan militer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Urusan luar negeri dan militer"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dalam urusan militer, pemerintahan Michael dimulai dengan buruk. Orang-orang Arab menjarah Myra, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Serbia">Serbia</a> telah mengusir otoritas Bizantium, dan <a href="/wiki/Pecheneg" title="Pecheneg">Pecheneg</a> menyerbu hampir di ambang pintu ke <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Tesalonika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._586-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun situasinya segera stabil; pada 1035, di perbatasan timur, bajak laut Arab yang telah merampok ditangkap atau dibunuh, Bizantium telah mengambil benteng <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> Berkri, di pantai timur <a href="/wiki/Danau_Van" title="Danau Van">Danau Van</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara benteng penting <a href="/wiki/Edessa,_Mesopotamia" title="Edessa, Mesopotamia">Edessa</a> merasa lega setelah pengepungan yang berkepanjangan<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan akhirnya diserahkan kembali ke kekaisaran pada tahun 1037.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg/250px-The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg/375px-The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg/500px-The_captive_Maniakes_is_brought_to_Constantinople.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>George Maniakes ditawan ke Konstantinopel</figcaption></figure> <p>Di bagian barat, di <a href="/wiki/Sisilia" title="Sisilia">Sisilia</a>, Mikhael dan Ioannes memerintahkan jenderal <a href="/wiki/George_Maniakes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Maniakes">George Maniakes</a> untuk mengusir bangsa Arab keluar dari pulau.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dimulai pada tahun 1038,<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maniakes mendarat di <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> selatan dan segera merebut <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>. Dia kemudian mulai mengalahkan pasukan Arab yang tersebar dan mengambil kota di barat dan selatan pulau, hampir berhasil mengusir orang-orang Arab dari pulau itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1040, ia menyerbu dan mengambil <a href="/wiki/Sirakusa" title="Sirakusa">Sirakusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maniakes kemudian jatuh dengan sekutu <a href="/wiki/Langobardi" title="Langobardi">Langobardinya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._286_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._286-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namun, sementara tentara bayaran Norman, tidak senang dengan gaji mereka, meninggalkan jenderal Bizantium dan membangkitkan pemberontakan di daratan Italia, yang mengakibatkan hilangnya sementara <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maniakes hendak menyerang mereka ketika dia dipanggil oleh Ioannes sang Kasim karena dicurigai melakukan konspirasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah penarikan kembali Maniakes, sebagian besar penaklukan Sisilia hilang sepanjang tahun 1041,<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._589_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._589-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan ekspedisi selanjutnya terhadap bangsa Normandia mengalami beberapa kekalahan, meskipun Bari direbut kembali.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._589_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._589-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Di utara, tekanan Pecheneg awalnya memaksa orang-orang Serbia untuk mencari perlindungan Kekaisaran Bizantium dan mengakui otoritas Bizantium.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, pada 1040, orang-orang Serbia kembali memberontak,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seperti halnya bangsa Bulgaria di Bulgaria dan Makedonia barat pada tahun yang sama. Pemberontakan ini sebagian disebabkan oleh pajak berat dalam uang logam (dan bukan, seperti sebelumnya, dalam bentuk) yang dikenakan pada Bulgaria pada saat itu,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi juga ditujukan untuk pemulihan negara Bulgaria di bawah kepemimpinan Petŭr Delyan.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemberontak merebut <a href="/wiki/Beograd" title="Beograd">Beograd</a> dan memproklamasikan Petŭr "Kaisar Bulgaria".<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Para pemberontak segera mengambil alih <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>. Mikhael IV memperburuk keadaan dengan menyingkirkan perintah <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">doux</a></i> dari <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a>, yang telah berbaris melawan Petŭr Delyan, menuduhnya sebagai konspirasi. Pasukannya, sebagian besar orang Bulgaria, bergabung dengan pemberontakan, dan Mikhael IV dikejar keluar dari sekitar <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Tesalonika</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saat ini Durrës telah hilang, dan Petŭr tidak hanya mengalahkan <i><a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a></i> Hellas, tetapi sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Thema_(distrik_Bizantium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thema (distrik Bizantium)">tema</a> Nikopolis telah bangkit melawan Mikhael, muak dengan keserakahan Ioannes sang Kasim.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mikhael, bagaimanapun, kembali dengan pasukan 40.000 orang pada tahun 1041, dibantu oleh tentara bayaran Norse termasuk masa depan Raja <a href="/wiki/Harald_III_dari_Norwegia" title="Harald III dari Norwegia">Harald III dari Norwegia</a>. Mengumpulkan pasukannya di Mosynopolis, kaisar menunggu tentara Bulgaria;<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> keberhasilan militer Bizantium dibantu oleh perselisihan dalam di antara orang-orang Bulgaria, dan akhirnya para pemimpin mereka dikalahkan dan ditangkap.<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._289_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._289-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mikhael IV kembali ke Konstantinopel dengan kemenangan, tetapi sekarang sudah jelas bahwa dia sedang sekarat.<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._286_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._286-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akhir_penyakit_dan_kematian">Akhir penyakit dan kematian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Akhir penyakit dan kematian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Akhir penyakit dan kematian"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg/250px-Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg/375px-Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg/500px-Tonsure_and_death_of_Michael_IV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Mentonsur dan kematian Mikhael IV, seperti yang digambarkan di <i><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Skylitzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Skylitzes">Madrid Skylitzes</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Pada awal tahun 1038, epilepsi Mikhael telah semakin memburuk, dan dia mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Sembap" title="Sembap">sembap</a> yang parah.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dia mencari bantuan surgawi dengan mengunjungi tempat pemujaan <a href="/wiki/Santo_Demetrius_dari_Thessaloniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Demetrius dari Thessaloniki">Santo Demetrius</a> di Tesalonika dan dengan membangun atau membangun kembali gereja-gereja.<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1039, ia memberikan hadiah uang kepada setiap biarawan dan imam di kekaisaran,<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan juga kepada orang tua yang membuatnya menjadi ayah baptis bagi anak-anak mereka,<sup id="cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi tidak berhasil. Ioannes sang Kasim, yang ingin memastikan bahwa kekuasaan tetap di tangannya, memaksa <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%8D%C4%93_Porphyrog%C3%A9nn%C4%93t%C4%93" title="Zōē Porphyrogénnētē">Zōē Porphyrogénnētē</a> untuk mengadopsi <a href="/wiki/Mikhael_V_Kalafatis" title="Mikhael V Kalafatis">Mikhael V Kalafatis</a>, putra saudari Mikhael IV.<sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._2228_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._2228-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah menerima Ordo Suci,<sup id="cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._1365-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pada tanggal 10 Desember 1041, Mikhael IV meninggal, menolak yang terakhir untuk melihat istrinya, yang memohon agar diizinkan untuk menemuinya sekali lagi sebelum dia meninggal.<sup id="cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._289_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norwich,_pg._289-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber">Sumber</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber_pertama">Sumber pertama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber pertama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber pertama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Psellus">Michael Psellus</a>, <i>Chronographia</i>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThurn1973" class="citation book">Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=79jH-QXdf0EC"><i>Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum</i></a>. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ioannis+Scylitzae+Synopsis+historiarum&rft.place=Berlin-New+York&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79jH-QXdf0EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMikha%C4%93l+IV+Paphlag%C5%8Dn" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber_kedua">Sumber kedua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber kedua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber kedua"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991), <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-504652-6">978-0-19-504652-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMikha%C4%93l+IV+Paphlag%C5%8Dn" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFNorwich1993" class="citation">Norwich, John Julius (1993), <i>Byzantium: The Apogee</i>, Penguin, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-14-011448-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-14-011448-3">0-14-011448-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium%3A+The+Apogee&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-14-011448-3&rft.aulast=Norwich&rft.aufirst=John+Julius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMikha%C4%93l+IV+Paphlag%C5%8Dn" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCanduci2010" class="citation">Canduci, Alexander (2010), <i>Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors</i>, Pier 9, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-74196-598-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-74196-598-8">978-1-74196-598-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Triumph+%26+Tragedy%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Rome%27s+Immortal+Emperors&rft.pub=Pier+9&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-74196-598-8&rft.aulast=Canduci&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMikha%C4%93l+IV+Paphlag%C5%8Dn" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/zoep.htm">Garland, Lynda, "Zoe Porphyrogenita (wife of Romanus III, Constantine IX, and Michael IV)", <i>De Imperatoribus Romanis</i></a> (2006)</li> <li>Warren Treadgold, <i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i> (Stanford University Press, 1997) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8047-2630-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8047-2630-2">0-8047-2630-2</a></li> <li>George Finlay, <i>History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057</i>, William Blackwood & Sons, 1853</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Romawi_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Kaisar Romawi Timur">Daftar kaisar Bizantium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikha%C4%93l_IV_Paphlag%C5%8Dn&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._1365-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._1365_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazhdan, pg. 1365</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 477</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich,_pg._276-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._276_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._276_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garland,_Zoe_Porphyrogenita-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garland,_Zoe_Porphyrogenita_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garland, <i>Zoe Porphyrogenita</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._586-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._586_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold, pg. 586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 278</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kazhdan,_pg._2228-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._2228_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kazhdan,_pg._2228_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazhdan, pg. 2228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 478</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canduci, pg. 266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich,_pg._280-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._280_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._280_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 480</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canduci, pg. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finlay,_pg._485-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._485_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 485</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finlay,_pg._481-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._481_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlay,_pg._481_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 481</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 482</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._587-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._587_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold, pg. 587</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._588-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._588_19-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold, pg. 588</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich,_pg._286-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._286_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._286_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treadgold,_pg._589-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._589_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treadgold,_pg._589_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Treadgold, pg. 589</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 490</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finlay, pg. 491</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich,_pg._289-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._289_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norwich,_pg._289_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, pg. 289</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada <a href="/wiki/Ranah_publik" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah publik">ranah publik</a>: <cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Michael_(emperors)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Michael (emperors)">Michael (emperors)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <b>18</b> (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 359–360.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael+%28emperors%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=359-360&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMikha%C4%93l+IV+Paphlag%C5%8Dn" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" lang="en"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title">EB1911</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="wstitle" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">wstitle</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="wstitle" style="position: relative;">Michael (emperors)</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">volume</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">18</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">pages</span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">359–360</div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_IV" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Michael IV"><span style="">Michael IV</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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