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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="أبو سعيد الجنابي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبو سعيد الجنابي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fbu_S%C9%99id_C%C9%99nn%C9%99bi" title="Əbu Səid Cənnəbi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əbu Səid Cənnəbi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Sa%C3%AFd_al-Jannab%C3%AD" title="Abu-Saïd al-Jannabí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abu-Saïd al-Jannabí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Sa%CA%BF%C4%ABd_al-Dschann%C4%81b%C4%AB" title="Abū Saʿīd al-Dschannābī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abū Saʿīd al-Dschannābī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Sa%C3%AFd_al-Jannab%C3%AD" title="Abu-Saïd al-Jannabí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abu-Saïd al-Jannabí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ابوسعید جنابی فارسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابوسعید جنابی فارسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu-Sa%C3%AFd_Janabi" title="Abu-Saïd Janabi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abu-Saïd Janabi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89" title="ابو سعيد الجنابى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابو سعيد الجنابى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sa%E2%80%99id_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Sa’id al-Jannabi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abu Sa’id al-Jannabi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Said_al-Jannabiy" title="Abu Said al-Jannabiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abu Said al-Jannabiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%C3%A7a%C3%ADde_Aljanabi" title="Abuçaíde Aljanabi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abuçaíde Aljanabi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Абу Саид аль-Джаннаби – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абу Саид аль-Джаннаби" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q288260#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">10th-century ruler of Qarmatian state in Bahrayn</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Abu Sa'id Hasan ibn Bahram al-Jannabi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Qarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarmatian">Qarmatian</a> state in <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrayn (historical region)">Bahrayn</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rule</th><td class="infobox-data">before 899 – June/July 913</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Qasim_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Qasim Sa'id al-Jannabi (page does not exist)">Abu'l-Qasim Sa'id al-Jannabi</a> overthrown by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">845/855<br /><a href="/wiki/Jannaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannaba">Jannaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrajan" title="Arrajan">Arrajan</a> Province</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June/July 913<br /><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahsa_Oasis" title="Al-Ahsa Oasis">al-Ahsa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarmatian">Qarmatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu Sa'id Hasan ibn Bahram al-Jannabi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو سعيد حسن بن بهرام الجنابي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Abū Saʿīd Ḥasan ibn Bahrām al-Jannābī</i></span>; 845/855–913/914) was a <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Qarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarmatian">Qarmatian</a> state in <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrayn (historical region)">Bahrayn</a> (an area comprising the eastern parts of modern <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>). By 899, his followers controlled large parts of the region, and in 900, he scored a major victory over an <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> army sent to subdue him. He captured the local capital, <a href="/wiki/Hadjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadjar">Hajar</a>, in 903, and extended his rule south and east into <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>. He was assassinated in 913, and succeeded by his eldest son Sa'id. </p><p>His religious teachings and political activities are somewhat unclear, as they are reported by later and usually hostile sources, but he seems to have shared the <a href="/wiki/Millennialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennialist">millennialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ili">Isma'ili</a> belief about the imminent return of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">mahdī</a></i>, hostility to conventional Islamic rites and rituals, and to have based the Qarmatian society on the principles of communal ownership and <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>, with a system of production and distribution overseen by appointed agents. The Qarmatian "republic" he founded would last until the late 11th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abu Sa'id was of <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a> origin, from <a href="/wiki/Jannaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannaba">Jannaba</a> in coastal <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born sometime between 845 and 855,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was reportedly crippled on his left side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later claimed (or it was claimed by his followers) that he had royal descent from the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_dynasty" title="Sasanian dynasty">Sasanian dynasty</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in his early life he was a <a href="/wiki/Furrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Furrier">furrier</a> or flour merchant, initially in his native Jannaba, and later in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, where he moved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There he married into the Banu'l-Qassar family, who were prominent members of the <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'ili">Isma'ili</a> community in the area. He was proselytised and taught by the Isma'ili missionary (<i><a href="/wiki/Da%27i" title="Da'i">dā'ī</a></i>) Abu Muhammad Abdan, the brother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a>, the overall leader of the Isma'ili movement in Iraq. In the period about 874/884, Abu Sa'id was then in turn sent as a <i>dā'ī</i> to proselytise in Fars, in the area of Jannaba, Siniz, <a href="/wiki/Tawwaj" title="Tawwaj">Tawwaj</a>, and Mahruban.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199137-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mission was successful, and he gathered converts and funds: all <i>dā'ī</i>s were required to gather funds for the awaited <i><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">mahdī</a></i>, who was still in <a href="/wiki/Occultation_(Islam)" title="Occultation (Islam)">Occultation</a>. Eventually, however, he was denounced to the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> authorities. His treasure and stores were confiscated, but Abu Sa'id managed to escape and went into hiding, perhaps in <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199137-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conquest_of_Bahrayn">Conquest of Bahrayn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conquest of Bahrayn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg/300px-Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg/450px-Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg/600px-Eastern_%26_Central_Arabia_9th%E2%80%9310th_Centuries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Map of eastern and central Arabia in the 9th–10th centuries</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the report of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawqal" title="Ibn Hawqal">Ibn Hawqal</a>, at that time he met with Hamdan Qarmat, who recognized Abu Sa'id's abilities and entrusted him with leading the missionary effort in <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrayn (historical region)">Bahrayn</a>, a region encompassing all of eastern Arabia from the borders of Iraq to <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahrayn is generally ignored by the historical sources of the period; the area was under Abbasid rule, but according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>, "the Arabic sources fail to tell much about its extent or effectiveness".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 10th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27udi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mas'udi">al-Mas'udi</a>, Abu Sa'id arrived there in 886/7, but other sources place this at different dates, from 894 to 896, or even as late as 899, by which time however he is known to have established himself as a power in the area; as a result the later dates are unlikely to be correct.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Sa'id initially assumed the role of a flour merchant in the town of <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a>, where he established crucial bonds with the Banu Sanbar, a <a href="/wiki/Banu_Thaqif" title="Banu Thaqif">Thaqafi</a> family of some prominence: the three sons, Hasan, Ali and Hamdan, became his closest supporters, while Hasan's daughter became his wife. The family would continue to play a leading role in the Qarmatian state over the next decades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ibn Hawqal and <a href="/wiki/Akhu_Muhsin" title="Akhu Muhsin">Akhu Muhsin</a>, the Isma'ili community he founded initially consisted of the "small folk, butchers, porters, and the like".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Bahrayn he encountered another Isma'ili <i>dā'ī</i>, Abu Zakariya al-Tamami, who had been sent by the <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemeni</a> <i>dā'ī</i> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">Ibn Hawshab</a>, and who had managed to convert the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kilab" title="Banu Kilab">Banu Kilab</a> tribe. A certain rivalry ensued, but before too long the two became reluctant partners, until Abu Sa'id finally had Abu Zakariya imprisoned and killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Sa'id nevertheless managed to gain the backing not only of the Kilab, but also of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Uqayl" title="Banu Uqayl">Banu Uqayl</a>, who became the core of his military forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes were, in the words of <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Halm" title="Heinz Halm">Heinz Halm</a>, "an ideal target group" for the <i>dā'ī</i>: The—admittedly rabidly anti-Isma'ili—account of Akhu Muhsin describes the tribes as "accustomed to war, but at the same time strong and ignorant, carefree and far from the law of Islam, with no knowledge of prophecy, or of what is allowed and <a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">forbidden</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199158_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199158-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the first group to join the cause, the Banu al-Adbat, a sub-tribe of the Kilab, had previously been shunned on account of a <a href="/wiki/Blood_feud" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood feud">blood feud</a>. Joining Abu Sa'id's revolutionary doctrine gave them not only the prospect of booty and power, but also of redemption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199158_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199158-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the backing of a strong Bedouin army, Abu Sa'id began attacking towns in the area: Qatif, <a href="/wiki/Al-Zarah_(Bahrayn)" title="Al-Zarah (Bahrayn)">Zara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safwan,_Iraq" title="Safwan, Iraq">Safwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhahran" title="Dhahran">Zahran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahsa_Oasis" title="Al-Ahsa Oasis">al-Hasa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jawatha_Mosque" title="Jawatha Mosque">Juwata</a>. His expeditions reached as far east as <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a> (which he briefly captured after several attempts) in the <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> and west to Bilad al-Falaj and south to <a href="/wiki/Yabrin" title="Yabrin">Yabrin</a>; the central <a href="/wiki/Al-Yamama" title="Al-Yamama">al-Yamama</a> region was left devastated and depopulated in the process, as the local tribes of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qushayr" title="Banu Qushayr">Banu Qushayr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d" title="Banu Sa'd">Banu Sa'd</a> were either killed or expelled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yamama was probably not placed under Qarmatian control, although they clashed with the <a href="/wiki/Banu_%27l-Ukhaidhir" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir">Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir</a> who ruled it at the time, and who later became allies of the Qarmatians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some unknown point, Abu Sa'id even captured the island of <a href="/wiki/Awal" title="Awal">Awal</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>), and imposed tariffs on shipping there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 899, a major rift occurred in the Isma'ili movement, when Hamdan Qarmat and Abu Muhammad Abdan denounced the movement's secret leadership at <a href="/wiki/Salamiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamiya">Salamiya</a>, which had been taken over by <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah">Sa'id ibn al-Husayn</a>, the future founder of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a>. Shortly after that, Hamdan Qarmat disappeared, while Abu Muhammad was murdered in the same year at the instigation of Zakarawayh ibn Mihrawayh, apparently on the instructions of Salamiya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007116–117_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007116–117-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199624_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199624-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Hamdan's disappearance, the term "Qarmatians" was retained by all Isma'ilis who refused to recognize the claims of Sa'id, and subsequently of the Fatimid dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1978660_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1978660-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Sa'id likewise rejected Sa'id's claims; apart from ideological reasons and loyalty to his masters, political considerations may also have played a role, as this was "a favourable opportunity to make himself completely independent", as <a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Wilferd Madelung</a> put it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625,_28_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625,_28-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also at that time, according to Ibn Hawqal, that he had his rival Abu Zakariya al-Tamami imprisoned and executed, as he remained loyal to Sa'id.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later decades the Fatimids launched attempts to get the Qarmatian communities to recognize their leadership, but although they were successful in some areas, throughout their existence, the Qarmatians in Bahrayn refused to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199167,_176_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199167,_176-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither, however, did Abu Sa'id try to coordinate his movements with the other Qarmatian groups active in the Abbasid territories, such as the rebellions launched in Syria and Iraq by <a href="/wiki/Zakarawayh_ibn_Mihrawayh" title="Zakarawayh ibn Mihrawayh">Zakarawayh ibn Mihrawayh</a> and his sons in 901–907.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991176_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991176-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 899, Abu Sa'id's followers controlled most of Bahrayn, except for the regional capital <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahsa_Oasis" title="Al-Ahsa Oasis">Hajar</a>, which was still under Abbasid control, and in the north had advanced up to the vicinity of Basra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fall of Qatif in that year alarmed the populace of Basra, as they realised that a Qarmatian attack on the city was now a possibility; hasty work commenced to erect a brick wall around the hitherto unfortified city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199159-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in 900, Abu Sa'id began his siege of Hajar, but as the city resisted for several months, he established his own residence and base of operations (<i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81r_al-hijra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dār al-hijra">dār al-hijra</a></i>) at al-Ahsa (modern <a href="/wiki/Al-Hofuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hofuf">al-Hofuf</a>), some two miles from Hajar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199159-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news of the siege prompted the reaction of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid caliph">Abbasid caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tadid" title="Al-Mu'tadid">al-Mu'tadid</a>, who in April 900 named his general <a href="/wiki/Al-Abbas_ibn_Amr_al-Ghanawi" title="Al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi">al-Abbas ibn Amr al-Ghanawi</a> governor of Bahrayn and Yamama, and sent him with 2,000 soldiers, augmented with volunteers, against Abu Sa'id's forces. On 31 July, in a salt marsh some two days' march from Qatif, the Abbasid army was defeated in battle. Al-Ghanawi was taken prisoner and later released, but the other captives, reportedly 700 in number, were executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159–60_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199159–60-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of this success, Hajar was captured, only to be lost again after the arrival of a new Abbasid governor in 901, while Abu Sa'id was leading an expedition in the vicinity of Basra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 903, the Abbasid governor <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Banu" title="Ibn Banu">Ibn Banu</a> reported to the central government in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> that he had captured Qatif and defeated and killed Abu Sa'id's designated successor there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, around the same time or a little later, Hajar was forced to surrender anew to the Qarmatians after they cut its water supply. Many of its inhabitants chose flight to Awal, Siraf, and other places, while many who remained behind were either killed or converted in the <a href="/wiki/Pillaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillaging">pillaging</a> that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the destruction visited upon it, Hajar remained the chief city and capital of Bahrayn. Abu Sa'id, however, established his own palatial residence at al-Ahsa oasis,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he ruled in the traditional manner of an Arab prince.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199159-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Bahrayn, the Qarmatians launched a series of raids against the vicinities of Basra, both to capture slaves and in retaliation for the participation of the local Zabba tribe in the 900 campaign against them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable of these raids occurred in July/August 912, but although the local Abbasid governor was reportedly unable to confront it, the sources report that the force involved was very small, barely 30 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199629–30_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199629–30-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_doctrine">Governance and doctrine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governance and doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ismailism" title="Category:Ismailism">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ismail lion calligram"><img alt="Ismail lion calligram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg/200px-Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg/300px-Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg/400px-Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyya" title="Batiniyya">Batiniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">Ta'wil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">Ẓāhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">Bātin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">'Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm_(Arabic)" title="Ilm (Arabic)">ʿIlm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Daʿwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i" title="Da'i">Dāʿī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_(Shia_Islam)" title="Bab (Shia Islam)">Bāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satr_(Isma%27ilism)" title="Satr (Isma'ilism)">Satr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqiya">Taqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pīr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology_(Ismailism)" title="Numerology (Ismailism)">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_Theology#Imami-Ismā'īlīs" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools of Islamic Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation#Islam" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_titles" title="List of Ismaili titles">Titles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Seven_pillars_of_Ismailism" title="Seven pillars of Ismailism">Seven Pillars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'lism</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nizari_Ismailism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nizari Ismailism">Nizarism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Branches/sects</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a></b> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Progressive Dawoodi Bohra">Progressive</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebtiahs_Bohra" title="Hebtiahs Bohra">Hebtiahs Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak">Atba-i-Malak Bohra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atba-e-Malak_Badar" title="Atba-e-Malak Badar">Badar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak_Vakil" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak Vakil">Vakil</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></b></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Seveners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><b>States</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarmatian">Qarmatian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty_of_Multan" title="Lodi dynasty of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanids_(Yemen)" title="Hamdanids (Yemen)">Hamdanid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Ismaili_state" title="Nizari Ismaili state">Nizari Ismaili state</a></li></ul> <p><b>People</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Fadl_al-Jayshani" title="Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani">ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Mansur_al-Yaman" title="Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman">ibn Mansur al-Yaman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Numan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Numan">Qadi Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasafi" title="Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi">al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ya%27qub_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani">al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwa_al-Sulayhi" title="Arwa al-Sulayhi">Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan-i_Sabbah" title="Hasan-i Sabbah">Hasan-i Sabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Zikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_ad-Din_Sinan" title="Rashid ad-Din Sinan">Rashid ad-Din Sinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dai_of_the_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="List of Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra">Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_Nasir_Hunzai" title="Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai">Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai</a></li></ul> <p><b>Centers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjudan" title="Anjudan">Anjudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nizari_Ismaili_strongholds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nizari Ismaili strongholds">Nizārī strongholds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamut_Castle" title="Alamut Castle">Alamut </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atashgah_Castle" title="Atashgah Castle">Atashgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdkuh" title="Gerdkuh">Gerdkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambsar_Castle" title="Lambsar Castle">Lambsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masyaf_Castle" title="Masyaf Castle">Masyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maymun-Diz" title="Maymun-Diz">Maymun-Diz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudkhan_Castle" title="Rudkhan Castle">Rudkhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_al-Madiq" title="Qalaat al-Madiq">Qalaat al-Madiq</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Queen_Arwa" title="Palace of Queen Arwa">Palace of Queen Arwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Arwa_Mosque" title="Queen Arwa Mosque">Queen Arwa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz%C4%81r%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizārī">Nizārī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili_Constitution" title="Isma'ili Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegation_of_the_Ismaili_Imamat,_Ottawa" title="Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat, Ottawa">Delegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginans" title="Ginans">Ginans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Du%27a" title="Holy Du'a">Holy Du'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyama_(Nizari_Isma%27ilism)" title="Qiyama (Nizari Isma'ilism)">Qiyama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Manifesto" title="Baghdad Manifesto">Baghdad Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Knowledge" title="House of Knowledge">House of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ismailism" title="Women in Ismailism">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_imams" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ismaili imams">leaders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi_(Abadullah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Wafi (Abadullah)">ʿAbad Allāh <i>(al-Wāfī Ahmad)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Ahmed_ibn_Abadullah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah)">Ahmad <i>(al-Taqī Muhammad)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi Abdullah">Ḥusayn <i>(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qāʾim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">al-Manṣūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkami%27l-Lah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah">Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_al-Tayyib" title="Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib">Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Incumbent leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizārī Ismā'īlī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imām</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Ismaili">Musta'li Ismaili</a>-<a href="/wiki/Taiyabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyabi">Taiyabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Haatim_Zakiyuddin" title="Haatim Zakiyuddin">Haatim Zakiyuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mufaddal_Saifuddin" title="Mufaddal Saifuddin">Mufaddal Saifuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taher_Fakhruddin" title="Taher Fakhruddin">Taher Fakhruddin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ismailism" title="Template:Ismailism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ismailism" title="Template talk:Ismailism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ismailism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ismailism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As the founder of the Qarmatian "<a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>" of Bahrayn, he was ascribed by later generations the establishment of its institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While certainly far from their fully developed form as reported by Ibn Hawqal, he certainly did initiate some of them. The Qarmatian system was based on communal ownership and <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>, with a system of production and distribution overseen by Abu Sai'id's agents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, any livestock and supplies taken during raids were stored and distributed; slaves were employed in communal labour; the herding of cattle, camels, and sheep, the production of arms and clothing, were centrally directed; and all boys taken captive were trained together from the age of four, both in arms and riding and in the Qarmatian doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers and artisans were organised into primitive <a href="/wiki/Guilds" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilds">guilds</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitti2002445_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitti2002445-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a council, the <i>al-ʿIqdāniyya</i>, comprising representatives of leading families and senior officials, was also established in an advisory capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110–111_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110–111-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern commentators have described this system as a "kind of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖz1993371_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖz1993371-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Qarmatians as the "<a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> of Islam",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitti2002444–445_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitti2002444–445-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their state as the "only communist society to control a large territory, and to endure for more than a generation, before the twentieth century".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERexroth1974160_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERexroth1974160-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His religious teachings are less clear, as the Qarmatians of Bahrayn left no testimonies of their own; what is known about them is reported by few, foreign, and usually heavily hostile sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, he obviously adhered to the <a href="/wiki/Millennialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennialist">millennialist</a> Isma'ili teachings about the imminent return of the <i>mahdī</i>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Isma'il</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the rift of 899, he no longer recognized the authority of Sa'id; according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">qāḍī</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Jabbar_ibn_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad">Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad</a>, Abu Sa'id now claimed that the <i>mahdī</i> was no longer Ibn Isma'il but Muhammad, the son of <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Hanafiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah">Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah</a>, whose appearance was expected in 912, the year 300 of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Hijri calendar</a>, but this information is of dubious reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the date passed without incident—in the meantime Sa'id had declared himself as the <i>mahdī</i> and founded the Fatimid Caliphate in <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a>—the failure of the prophecy is said to have caused considerable embarrassment to the Qarmatian regime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Isma'ili expectations that the <i>mahdī</i> would reveal the "hidden" or "inner" (<i><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">bāṭin</a></i>) truths of the religion to his followers, thus ushering an "age of pure spiritual knowledge" and making religious laws and customs obsolete,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007132_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007132-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abu Sa'id abolished numerous Islamic rites, such as <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">prayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">fasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Mas'udi reports that Abu Sa'id was murdered in June/July 913 while taking his bath in his palace by two <i><a href="/wiki/Saqlabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saqlabi">ṣaqlabī</a></i> eunuch slaves. Several of his higher-ranking officers and followers were killed at the same time, including Ali and Hamdan ibn Sanbar. However, the death was not reported in Baghdad until the summer of 914, perhaps indicating that it was kept secret until then.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for his murder is unknown, but Heinz Halm suggests it may be linked to the failed prophecy on the appearance of the <i>mahdī</i> the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He left seven<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or six<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sons, who due to their youth were at first under the tutelage of their uncle Hasan, the last of the three Banu Sanbar brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power was likely nominally invested among all of Abu Sa'id's sons,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199639_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199639-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a response composed soon after Abu Sa'id's death to a letter from the Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> was written on behalf of all sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his sons, the oldest, Abu'l-Qasim Sa'id al-Jannabi, was at first the pre-eminent, but his reign was brief; he was replaced by the youngest son, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a>, at the latest by 923.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121,_147–148_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121,_147–148-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason and manner of the transition is unclear. Most Arabic sources agree that Abu Sa'id had appointed him as his heir, but that he was deposed in 923 by Abu Tahir. Another tradition, by the Kufan anti-Isma'ili polemicist Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Rizam al-Ta'i, reports that Abu Sa'id had always intended for Abu Tahir to succeed him, and had named Sa'id only as regent, and that Sa'id voluntarily relinquished power to his brother in 917/918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his death, Abu Sa'id became the object of veneration by his followers. It was believed that he would <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">return</a> to lead them, to the point that a saddled horse was kept at the entrance of his tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state he founded survived until its overthrow by the <a href="/wiki/Uyunids" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyunids">Uyunids</a> in the 1070s, and as late as the mid-11th century the Bahrayni Qarmatians called themselves <i>Abū Saʿīdī</i>s after him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007111_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007111-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarra_de_VauxHodgson1965452_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarra_de_VauxHodgson1965">Carra de Vaux & Hodgson 1965</a>, p. 452.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1983_2-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1983">Madelung 1983</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199137-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199137–38_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERentzMulligan1960942_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRentzMulligan1960">Rentz & Mulligan 1960</a>, p. 942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199158-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199158_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199158_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007116–117-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007116–117_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199624-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199624_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1996">Madelung 1996</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung1978660-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung1978660_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1978">Madelung 1978</a>, p. 660.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625,_28-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625,_28_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1996">Madelung 1996</a>, pp. 25, 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199625_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1996">Madelung 1996</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199167,_176-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199167,_176_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 67, 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991176-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991176_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199159-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm199159–60-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm199159–60_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, pp. 59–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199629–30-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199629–30_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1996">Madelung 1996</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitti2002445-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitti2002445_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHitti2002">Hitti 2002</a>, p. 445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110–111-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007110–111_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 110–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÖz1993371-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÖz1993371_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖz1993">Öz 1993</a>, p. 371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHitti2002444–445-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHitti2002444–445_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHitti2002">Hitti 2002</a>, pp. 444–445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERexroth1974160-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERexroth1974160_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRexroth1974">Rexroth 1974</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalm1991225_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalm1991">Halm 1991</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007132-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007132_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199639-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199639_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1996">Madelung 1996</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199637_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1996">Madelung 1996</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121,_147–148-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007121,_147–148_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, pp. 121, 147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007111-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2007111_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2007">Daftary 2007</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarra_de_VauxHodgson1965" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Carra_de_Vaux" title="Bernard Carra de Vaux">Carra de Vaux, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/M._G._S._Hodgson" class="mw-redirect" title="M. G. S. Hodgson">Hodgson, M. G. S.</a> (1965). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1997">"al-D̲j̲annābī, Abū Saʿīd Ḥasan b. Bahrām"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume II:<i> C–G</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 452. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469475">495469475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-D%CC%B2j%CC%B2ann%C4%81b%C4%AB%2C+Ab%C5%AB+Sa%CA%BF%C4%ABd+%E1%B8%A4asan+b.+Bahr%C4%81m&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+II%3A+C%E2%80%93G&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=452&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469475&rft.aulast=Carra+de+Vaux&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Hodgson%2C+M.+G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, Farhad</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cSO9zh61AGEC"><i>The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines</i></a> (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-61636-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-61636-2"><bdi>978-0-521-61636-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ism%C4%81%CA%BF%C4%B1%CC%84l%C4%B1%CC%84s%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-61636-2&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcSO9zh61AGEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalm1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Halm" title="Heinz Halm">Halm, Heinz</a> (1991). <i>Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden</i> [<i>The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids</i>] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-406-35497-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-406-35497-7"><bdi>978-3-406-35497-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Reich+des+Mahdi%3A+Der+Aufstieg+der+Fatimiden&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-3-406-35497-7&rft.aulast=Halm&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitti2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Hitti" title="Philip K. Hitti">Hitti, Philip K.</a> (2002) [1937]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofthearabs_201912/"><i>History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present</i></a> (Revised Tenth ed.). Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-63141-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-63141-2"><bdi>0-333-63141-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Arabs%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Present&rft.place=Basingstoke+and+New+York&rft.edition=Revised+Tenth&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-333-63141-2&rft.aulast=Hitti&rft.aufirst=Philip+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofthearabs_201912%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0451">"Ḳarmaṭī"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 660–665. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0451">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0451</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B2arma%E1%B9%AD%C4%AB&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=660-665&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0451&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1983" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-said-jannabi-hasan-b">"ABŪ SAʿĪD JANNĀBĪ"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/4: Abū Manṣūr Heravı̄–Adat</i>. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 380–381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71009-093-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71009-093-5"><bdi>978-0-71009-093-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=AB%C5%AA+SA%CA%BF%C4%AAD+JANN%C4%80B%C4%AA&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica%2C+Volume+I%2F4%3A+Ab%C5%AB+Man%E1%B9%A3%C5%ABr+Herav%C4%B1%CC%84%E2%80%93Adat&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=380-381&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-71009-093-5&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fabu-said-jannabi-hasan-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8eebGQXgPcQC&pg=PA21">"The Fatimids and the Qarmatīs of Bahrayn"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, Farhad</a> (ed.). <i>Mediaeval Isma'ili History and Thought</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 21–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00310-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00310-0"><bdi>978-0-521-00310-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fatimids+and+the+Qarmat%C4%ABs+of+Bahrayn&rft.btitle=Mediaeval+Isma%27ili+History+and+Thought&rft.pages=21-73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00310-0&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8eebGQXgPcQC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖz1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Öz, Mustafa (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/arama/?q=Cenn%C3%A2b%C3%AE%2C+Eb%C3%BB+Sa%C3%AEd">"Cennâbî, Ebû Saîd"</a>. <i>TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 7 (Ca'fer es-Sâdik – Ci̇ltçi̇li̇k)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Religious_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-389-434-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-389-434-0"><bdi>978-975-389-434-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cenn%C3%A2b%C3%AE%2C+Eb%C3%BB+Sa%C3%AEd&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+7+%28Ca%27fer+es-S%C3%A2dik+%E2%80%93+Ci%CC%87lt%C3%A7i%CC%87li%CC%87k%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-975-389-434-0&rft.aulast=%C3%96z&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Farama%2F%3Fq%3DCenn%25C3%25A2b%25C3%25AE%252C%2BEb%25C3%25BB%2BSa%25C3%25AEd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRentzMulligan1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rentz, G. & Mulligan, W. E. (1960). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0089">"al-Baḥrayn"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hendrik_Kramers" title="Johannes Hendrik Kramers">Kramers, J. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume I:<i> A–B</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 941–944. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=al-Ba%E1%B8%A5rayn&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=941-944&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft.aulast=Rentz&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Mulligan%2C+W.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRexroth1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rexroth" title="Kenneth Rexroth">Rexroth, Kenneth</a> (1974). <i>Communalism: From Its Origins to the Twentieth Century</i>. Seabury Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-81649204-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-81649204-2"><bdi>0-81649204-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communalism%3A+From+Its+Origins+to+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=Seabury+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-81649204-2&rft.aulast=Rexroth&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangaroodiNegahban2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Langaroodi, Reza Rezazadeh; Negahban, Farzin (2015). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/abu-said-al-jannabi-SIM_0202?s.num=10&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica&s.q=al-hafiz+fatimid">"Abū Saʿīd al-Jannābī"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, Wilferd</a>; <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, Farhad</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia Islamica Online</i>. Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1875-9831">1875-9831</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ab%C5%AB+Sa%CA%BF%C4%ABd+al-Jann%C4%81b%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Islamica+Online&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=1875-9831&rft.aulast=Langaroodi&rft.aufirst=Reza+Rezazadeh&rft.au=Negahban%2C+Farzin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-islamica%2Fabu-said-al-jannabi-SIM_0202%3Fs.num%3D10%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-islamica%26s.q%3Dal-hafiz%2Bfatimid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Sa%27id+al-Jannabi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Qarmatian_state_of_Bahrayn_(899–1077)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Qarmatians_of_Bahrayn" title="Template:Qarmatians of Bahrayn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Qarmatians_of_Bahrayn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Qarmatians of Bahrayn (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Qarmatians_of_Bahrayn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Qarmatians of Bahrayn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Qarmatian_state_of_Bahrayn_(899–1077)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Bahrayn</a> (899–1077)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Qasim_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Qasim Sa'id al-Jannabi (page does not exist)">Abu'l-Qasim Sa'id al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-A%27sam" title="Al-Hasan al-A'sam">al-Hasan al-A'sam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Basra_(923)" title="Sack of Basra (923)">Sack of Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/924_Hajj_caravan_raid" title="924 Hajj caravan raid">924 Hajj caravan raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatian_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Qarmatian invasion of Iraq">Invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Mecca" title="Sack of Mecca">Sack of Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Qarmatian_invasion_of_Egypt" title="First Qarmatian invasion of Egypt">1st Invasion of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Qarmatian_invasion_of_Egypt" title="Second Qarmatian invasion of Egypt">2nd Invasion of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Qarmatians" title="Overthrow of the Qarmatians">Overthrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahsa_Oasis" title="Al-Ahsa Oasis">Al-Ahsa Oasis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288260#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/cennabi-ebu-said">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&oldid=1254717539">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi&oldid=1254717539</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_births" 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