CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a4bfb7b944b74',cH: 'm6VgdXCW2lsP4UC2vRtDEmfxiqOsYMVKHtQIoJRrKR0-1740010469-1.2.1.1-8sIZ2Q7waRNGU.NYTwIDj0Oub8djySDuCXsrkVRUJZ92rmlwPsGwXJZMWFiF8Nry',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=population-structured%20models&__cf_chl_tk=jJoFXqChmJwnus8ZPi04sNwBE5j4vILdEBye8FtDqpo-1740010469-1.0.1.1-0NUA_0XT7uKhHYA9tGqn.tPX4bKMvto6REjMN3i9Df4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010469',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=population-structured%20models&__cf_chl_f_tk=jJoFXqChmJwnus8ZPi04sNwBE5j4vILdEBye8FtDqpo-1740010469-1.0.1.1-0NUA_0XT7uKhHYA9tGqn.tPX4bKMvto6REjMN3i9Df4",md: "mWW.8uV4d8FaakGCesLSv5kcAGwdxr_g9n9M6kS.4dk-1740010469-1.2.1.1-o2u6WtFUMDiM5317cHIELtrnD83tS3fGexpvjHuV7ZKVugbyVNw7DSnD18e8nFje15m3x_tIu3pG3OgdzA.9c0ogkkoXkrEnYu9wei.vwCqZaCuMiE0Q.bojzG_XqU_ru5Q1hfGPea8SvjRqQ633X6wHPqpqnWR89alNMiaUHZAhD8ut9ckwVkX4LNOxwfoG88c0UtL.pQf.suXHKoUD9DekT3bXVyp_ooOMjGXOma.HAofytRMh4UG.XYwEo3dDYDpqcjp3_357q7m2loH3g6_TLRJMC04F3NOF9z_zNghs1SYh.WVxrHheY7S4AOgZFWpXPJcUovHBBPJpXo1XDry6GTo2r19v1uMvC0vEfC4qfjPYytEKWIKYKZmFRNfDeo2xrxgZaI.efT0xULyfWZA1C2EdTEBS9uKe07CU2aVOYhwKkeelyV3SsnDLgRM7lKtPHWn5IN.QaBMG7PcdNGccjclYJ9Y_RzmEqtnfUzxCmn_I77Xbl6rbnpgHBdgJxPKw.018eqRZGzyNjxPr.PbuClns8LbqkHgMcNNbw.WJemEePhZCan5YGpUJ5.9HslyDl5Js.0n7wRz6TvmJbtFcbh.MdWnvzL50p6MT18PkRmLrIQpyNsq0mNzYoTrqTBW3XjMefr3ssGky9aTJ4W9hwAgSDvzdlNwlbOSxOLeMdYOFKzLXXaQrviO7UDjHHtkwmZRRpqo.6ssEDdCN3g5ztAUc1dAvRPMOlhjGRJgtbkIYBCwmsVq0aN6C_TwYRdCNimh71J.nATHecJ9ZQT5ex5B15a.NCt.AfUnIEU0a9jzUF_yKjSKulzgkKuARYgR7fyE9pOlCKhhK2u2uGfWCQxxkpRGm5ISoo55iQdeqT5WLISnh_kp6hBD2FXvrgebTNNKoxWH_JugfIp.tq.96NrSZ6PD2BP5uy45iivS2spHWISP_HJkWmt44hXO.I_29ryooo1QeiwkQNhRmQQeoLUVvDwd4.ucXrU1CaWUGRh.MHV5iVEyzXC_RxBJasMzliTfX8rLcZtMujn15RxYn.Dlu.AqIcGVcQgu61.EBf5.yoaX6H43vEnoiQNxG0R5zosMCgRN5IR7Q6FhTwdBU1sXXy9eBrs_PftxlRRal9DvGIo_gxoeBv23hDnCAmMw.FzFZ1l60cjM4UtkAYYgfbWTbWhpxIcg9meY9weKW7hte4hDI9ydHgOb4KH0Oef2ohYK6aiFWa5McIdVcqZoBG7vYGbsSx20lNVJzcBJiQdR2ilgDHlXYOjsStESmrese2J_M1yaIv9o0o2rDvKyV8TBOScmlf6iLWWVpqfL8AWbSxBBy_olJaZOv0VyhxjFbZUhYatdyqE.Dtr_cUbMU5zKTwTmLw9c_fu2lZCNStzx03QYfC65qW0YLHinqlsE6RUmKX5vXswdm2iyyqRMZDSAQN2w93ECHZTejyj94DSI7TMuQpLk4hAIgh5n.VtWLdLcvkKbFkM.onZ3AsWzgEPb5OVOIxMM40GxiqQribBOgXeAe24xMbIxWYFgL7.K6B89T18MbAMKDbMsSm1f7nyx0qt1ArpoMXvQWgrqQSUPXRdI.lWCiwdxVcBzYH1YbP9swwDqV55uetv_MI5kyN19.BrMSxXgXI0LCiaxjXALnw_BchghQ.ZS_ZbSIO7o3_.DvOOAKydtN5KJVGv8P7iFrU3N4qwR2NSuaSkLzm6eFTy.N2qq.eCPCs4bcmhWImd2x1vVLhxjj9V_Rx9D.OL5vAvcJBkM8csMnhhvHE7HbRa1Wz7GhDdvARq2yEVbqzcOeI2hXZI0eRtLeqWcFXYK3QPv2PcVob28.WzlJZxWO0SxsfvkkMRmjTMzlssNNrkEXKKunQAj3Tn9TCFm_4S6hMi4LBzAZQ43ikMK5M686hCI7DKcre_BTb8VXyYYYjR4MPRDI9w7nDB8TVmucFs2EFcv0q9SbXeyjDI521F_qAwt7gjGSP6dhkZuo98x9xYrwJaKBYBdNfVG9DA",mdrd: "q5xjYE1jp4Xc652qC00V6v3on2eBz.._bxThVu02.14-1740010469-1.2.1.1-aRvc2WzmBHa3mwT1vSquN0Xp6gy2tN8ELLrUwS0_99aH8VkXotBdUXfE7wwUSf8pZ178JCVympOsA8uRv7OLmLeimfN218.v8SEKwnPrCFUsLThEY5I_8GwiPoblRkUsZ8Rpoiigl5UgNRmBicaChDhxa_QZDgQ43sF6cWd.QSqhA3UWwAvrGdPwmcZ.57mBpG4cDF0Q308_RdEKSyLpJaORdD8cCltMkRR9rMSTwU6oefLCAvtL9deXd_HSh7s_R1ET0v.d4Ge3yIioXioxq9Yqc1fPzHIBCs6xZdb2WvX4S7SOQaFlyIVGpszREzHurWtCGLUifH5xH9IhhbLonnV3IXwHaTK06O66w8N6mE_0HwQjvY0HDvP0Iwgg2c6MUS_tyPZyDzdM3KsOagsg1KAZXEJVpY4RiE8M7YbXiQUFOj6xSdK3M_T1sNDK_zvlaSg9VwxyoijQpOBzQcnig0bquwfNnbvKktnwHykoDd6SmJa3DvQXHsgIHE0urn3.0xQpqylQtQHuemmJnHNIYq7f9ePypbNPGLoFV84kdEc2RivKSvNcgI7qzjPe9AMwuXyM4UJwexi_2m2t146SHH27JuC6SKZCuqnALzHgxqLrNcBTgYN.QLYy8UoS3tCYizogSGiqMmF1gYLyE27xS96DM9HO03E0vEfJy4EPR4SPnrGYWCLPfwiSKi5XduHWjk2golKmaEp36O.ILeLoIsEPBifNlHuBXNhzjZwfiJD.bQlCP.APaQu.FJJy8RUBJujWlIqapiWVtSCV8yY_5axhr1MJu5j7_2r69oi42FhTTAecRHK3eYrmjKT93uDu_KnK9RSpQexxEb4IJhXgfMVHzDm7TNywOc4_jEzHWZzyqXGtiimPGwEl_cRzANXumq_ql3dBxuE0ttb5zY7PLeyQrYoftJU11I82g7711W0fvPj.92hHPdJ3x1pZ3q0CbQvR4RMnGW99OEoudCWa0GQegdcF4B_bb4nTM672DaQMNvnUzr1InesXJRCxXZ00eVaFKMsvr0XSqv42skOhXyra_4A7YLNZKjiUJgKAWjljNnQW5htu2Ct6T2CJtCJ9fXm6q3ZtdKXMVvFZGjVLIWZD.qAz4Uyi3pZdYk87e.4WCy0tlMPpFt5r4mfiJRKSK2VxDIoblRfzFUGM.zmtoFlYv3Bu.R_6lAyKcH1d_1STHZMqaI_x5h78_Ed2P9b7wxCfqmBEaL.wZsEBxBKziC0MqpnKn5S6r7mE9FGFrxb9gOYa36_76kt_VZesTLIKE8A0_xyQJ_RcP1Cd9yu_34naUNwLuHbI6k2LucaTyO4Ywp97ybc3EO9Rv660F4BvT8nY4XqKRAQsavj6W3pVdQ8Yc5DmClu9vRSRabJXhEAyN8pxJjaVfHL_vz3WPvadlyuuCgL3UWICNLtCH7SepzJjuZDY9OFw84zKKuiY3w2It0rIO7KLDnqYK4KpdtFtPej0l5gL_FhKHLj78Tzd2sJ.kOOiWSCo6uB.13RAdIMjPlYQ3tvRjXVQ.Mks3HFzv3iOD2O4oBqN4Z2ycd5xmyq7RBuouIIclKWl5BBJ54bNfRk43Awv2h7E3ExabDop4piUljXgsXkw24kB4tvQQiAPkXl2GGtqi0_3u8mphp4BWGDtYPs2gqAMUFvMCyBPuk0u4HkU4ZW5_Zrnsxs5pSjM5SSZ.kFTeyUg.k0GHI68G1sa0Nqr5JxJMpRGpNm1i6.hbZUkT5_eTFsAq1qJ7CbmFahdwiw3Y71.SnBHE_kufDj_4FoAHj33MNeOeB3_0jwk7wvdOm3EdGkBCr28cMv_Ltwm7HLkfafYWLzXeV8gL8abOI05AS6ShYgitqepQ4NAwo8LNc.Zuhqu3ML1T2X_vcSHNRRvLV1OkaZXwcjkP.jLPVt_AMbUuzkTl1fq9ZngZuACSOd0XMRUxK7xgMAnltMugRGA2yq1IP0SqE17Ev.dpcM2Q.ziHvR1C6kOVA7Ua.EjVF5tS7fMialE6Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a4bfb7b944b74';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=population-structured%20models&__cf_chl_rt_tk=jJoFXqChmJwnus8ZPi04sNwBE5j4vILdEBye8FtDqpo-1740010469-1.0.1.1-0NUA_0XT7uKhHYA9tGqn.tPX4bKMvto6REjMN3i9Df4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>