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aria-controls="toc-Fellestrekk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Fellestrekk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fellestrekk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utviklingen_av_øret" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utviklingen_av_øret"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Utviklingen av øret</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utviklingen_av_øret-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indre_nesebor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indre_nesebor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Indre nesebor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indre_nesebor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utvikling_av_hjerte_og_det_lille_kretsløp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utvikling_av_hjerte_og_det_lille_kretsløp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Utvikling av hjerte og det lille kretsløp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utvikling_av_hjerte_og_det_lille_kretsløp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grupper_med_tilbakedannede_egenskaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grupper_med_tilbakedannede_egenskaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Grupper med tilbakedannede egenskaper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grupper_med_tilbakedannede_egenskaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tetrapodenes_evolusjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tetrapodenes_evolusjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tetrapodenes evolusjon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tetrapodenes_evolusjon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Tetrapodenes evolusjon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tetrapodenes_evolusjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opp_fra_vannet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opp_fra_vannet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Opp fra vannet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opp_fra_vannet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klassifikasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassifikasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Klassifikasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klassifikasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Firbente virveldyr</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 86 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodar" title="Tetrapodar – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tetrapodar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoder" title="Tetrapoder – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tetrapoder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferf%C3%A6tlingar" title="Ferfætlingar – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferfætlingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirbeltiere" title="Landwirbeltiere – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Landwirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="ذوات الأربع – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذوات الأربع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8trapodos" title="Tètrapodos – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tètrapodos" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6rdayaql%C4%B1lar" title="Dördayaqlılar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dördayaqlılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دؤردایاق‌لیلار – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردایاق‌لیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чатырохногія – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чатырохногія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чатырохногія – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чатырохногія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Четирикраки – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Четирикраки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A0podes" title="Tetràpodes – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tetràpodes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%83_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тăватă уралли – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăватă уралли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99no%C5%BEci" title="Čtyřnožci – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čtyřnožci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="مولات ربعة – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مولات ربعة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirbeltiere" title="Landwirbeltiere – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Landwirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoodid" title="Tetrapoodid – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tetrapoodid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Τετράποδα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τετράποδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodoj" title="Tetrapodoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tetrapodoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چهاراندامان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چهاراندامان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjouwerpoatigen" title="Fjouwerpoatigen – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjouwerpoatigen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiare-chassagh" title="Kiare-chassagh – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiare-chassagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A1podos" title="Tetrápodos – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tetrápodos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%9C%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="네발동물 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네발동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="चौपाये – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चौपाये" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopneni_kralje%C5%BEnjaci" title="Kopneni kralježnjaci – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kopneni kralježnjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2_%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי ארבע רגליים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי ארבע רגליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಚತುಷ್ಪಾದಿಗಳು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚತುಷ್ಪಾದಿಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төртаяқтылар – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төртаяқтылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%B9%D0%BB_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Нӹл яланвлӓ – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нӹл яланвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cetrk%C4%81jai%C5%86i" title="Četrkājaiņi – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Četrkājaiņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keturkojai" title="Keturkojai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keturkojai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerveuters" title="Veerveuters – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veerveuters" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gyl%C3%A1b%C3%BAak" title="Négylábúak – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Négylábúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Четириношци – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Четириношци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ടെട്രാപോഡ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെട്രാപോഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="رباعيات الاطراف – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رباعيات الاطراف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="ခြေလေးချောင်း သတ္တဝါ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခြေလေးချောင်း သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viervoeters_(biologie)" title="Viervoeters (biologie) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viervoeters (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%82%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="四肢動物 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="四肢動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunw%C3%A4%C3%A4rlisdiarten" title="Lunwäärlisdiarten – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lunwäärlisdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="چارپیرے – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارپیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DA%9A%DB%90_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="څلور پښې لرونکي ژوي – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څلور پښې لرونکي ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerf%C3%B6%C3%B6t" title="Veerfööt – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Veerfööt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czworonogi" title="Czworonogi – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czworonogi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A1podes" title="Tetrápodes – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tetrápodes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapode" title="Tetrapode – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tetrapode" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Четвероногие – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четвероногие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tvorno%C5%BEce" title="Štvornožce – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štvornožce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodi" title="Tetrapodi – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tetrapodi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodi" title="Tetrapodi – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tetrapodi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="நாற்காலி (உயிரியல்) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாற்காலி (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiku%E1%BA%93darin" title="Tikuẓdarin – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tikuẓdarin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="เทเทรอพอด – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทเทรอพอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Чотириногі – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чотириногі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="چوپائے – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوپائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_b%E1%BB%91n_ch%C3%A2n" title="Động vật bốn chân – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật bốn chân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viervoeters" title="Viervoeters – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Viervoeters" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%B1%BB" title="四足类 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="四足类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%B1" title="四足總綱 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="四足總綱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehar_pay%C4%B1ni" title="Çehar payıni – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çehar payıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierpo%C3%B4ters" title="Vierpoôters – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vierpoôters" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="四足類 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四足類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Firbente_virveldyr" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Firbente_virveldyr" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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class="mw-redirect" title="Landlevende virveldyr">Landlevende virveldyr</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24217415">.mw-parser-output .infoboks .taxobox-map-caption{width:220px;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;font-size:100%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Firbente virveldyr </th></tr> <tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Extant_tetrapoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/250px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/375px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/500px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="697" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption">De fire nålevende <a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologi)" title="Klasse (biologi)">klassene</a> av firbente virveldyr, medsols fra øvre venstre hjørne: <i><a href="/wiki/Rana" title="Rana">Rana</a></i>, (<a href="/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier">amfibium</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Opisthocomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthocomus">Opisthocomus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Fugler" title="Fugler">fugl</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Eumeces" title="Eumeces">Eumeces</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Krypdyr" title="Krypdyr">krypdyr</a>) og <i><a href="/wiki/Mus_(slekt)" title="Mus (slekt)">Mus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">Nomenklatur</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center">Tetrapoda </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Populærnavn</td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="">Firbente virveldyr, <br />firefotinger, <br />Tetrapoder</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_klassifikasjon" title="Biologisk klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rike</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dyreriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyreriket">Dyreriket</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rekke</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr">Ryggstrengdyr</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Underrekke</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr">Virveldyr</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi">Økologi</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Art#Artstall" title="Art">Antall arter</a>: </th><td colspan="2">25 000 </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a>: </th><td colspan="2">terrestrisk, limnisk og marint </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utbredelse: </th><td colspan="2">alle verdensdeler </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Inndelt i</td></tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier">Amfibier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krypdyr" title="Krypdyr">Krypdyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugler" title="Fugler">Fugler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">Pattedyr</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Firbente virveldyr</b>, <b>firefotinger</b> eller <b>tetrapoder</b> (Tetrapoda, av gresk <i>tetra podes</i> – fire føtter) er betegnelsen på de <a href="/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr">virveldyr</a> som kan leve på land, og har føtter (derav navnet), ikke finner. De puster med <a href="/wiki/Lunger" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunger">lunger</a> som voksne, selv om <a href="/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier">amfibiene</a> puster med gjeller som rumpetroll. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fellestrekk">Fellestrekk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fellestrekk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fellestrekk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blant fellestrekkene for de firbente virveldyrene er for det første mange egenskaper som har å gjøre med livet på land: </p> <ul><li>fire <a href="/wiki/Bein" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bein">bein</a> med <a href="/wiki/Fot_(kroppsdel)" title="Fot (kroppsdel)">føtter</a> og <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A5" title="Tå">tær</a>,</li> <li>hud som består av lærhud pluss en overhud av døde hudceller av <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a>,</li> <li>et <a href="/wiki/Luftr%C3%B8r" title="Luftrør">luftrør</a> og en forstørret <a href="/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge">lunge</a> og et <a href="/wiki/Sirkulasjonssystem" title="Sirkulasjonssystem">sirkulasjonssystem</a> med et <a href="/wiki/Hjerte" title="Hjerte">hjerte</a> som pumper blod til lungene,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinbl%C3%A6re" title="Urinblære">urinblære</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ye" title="Øye">øyelokk</a></li> <li>Manglende <a href="/wiki/Gjellelokk" title="Gjellelokk">gjellelokk</a> som tillater en fleksibel hals</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utviklingen_av_øret"><span id="Utviklingen_av_.C3.B8ret"></span>Utviklingen av øret</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utviklingen av øret" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utviklingen av øret"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De første firbente virveldyrene hadde ikke et <a href="/wiki/Indre_%C3%B8re" title="Indre øre">indre øre</a> som var i stand til å oppfatte luftbåren lyd. Søylebeinet (kalles <a href="/wiki/Stigb%C3%B8yle_(anatomi)" title="Stigbøyle (anatomi)">stigbøyle</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a>) hos <a href="/wiki/Panserpadder" title="Panserpadder">panserpadder</a> var stort og tungt og ville ikke vært i stand til å overføre svake vibrasjoner. <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%B8ytehull" title="Sprøytehull">Sprøytehullet</a> var åpent og fungerte som pustehull for luft når dyrene lå delvis nedsenket i vann. Trommehinne ser ut til å ha utviklet seg separat hos <a href="/wiki/Springpadder" title="Springpadder">springpadder</a> og andre firbeinte virveldyr (<a href="/wiki/Salamandere" title="Salamandere">salamandere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ormepadder" title="Ormepadder">ormepadder</a> har ikke trommehinne). Ører kan ha oppstått hos <a href="/wiki/Urkrypdyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Urkrypdyr">urkrypdyrene</a> og siden blitt arvet av <a href="/wiki/Pattedyrliknende_krypdyr" title="Pattedyrliknende krypdyr">pattedyrliknende krypdyr</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sauropsider" title="Sauropsider">sauropsider</a>, eller de kan ha oppstått separat i de forskjellige linjene.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98re_(legemsdel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Øre (legemsdel)">søylebeinet</a> gikk over fra feste kjevent til kraniet til å forbinde gjellelokket (trommehinnen) til det indre øret,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trommehinne" title="Trommehinne">trommehinnen</a> (dannet av en del av fiskenes <a href="/wiki/Gjellelokk" title="Gjellelokk">gjellelokk</a>),</li> <li>det <a href="/wiki/Ovale_vindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovale vindu">ovale vindu</a> (en forbindelse mellom det indre og mellomøret),</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%98retrompet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Øretrompet (ikke skrevet ennå)">øretrompeten</a> (forbindelsen mellom mellomøret og svelget, trolig <a href="/wiki/Homologi_(biologi)" title="Homologi (biologi)">homolog</a> til fiskenes sprøytehull).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indre_nesebor">Indre nesebor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Indre nesebor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Indre nesebor"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De er også utstyrt med choaner (indre neseåpninger), et trekk ingen andre virveldyr et utstyrt med, selv om <a href="/wiki/Lungefisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungefisk">lungefiskene</a> har utviklet lignende strukturer. Disse mangler imidlertid tårekanal. Slimålenes ene neseåpning åpner seg inn i munnhulen, og havmusenes nesespalter er i stand til å lede vann inn i munnen, men dette er eksempler på <a href="/wiki/Analogi_(biologi)" title="Analogi (biologi)">analog utvikling</a> der like trekk er utviklet separat i forskjellige grupper, og har ingenting med choanene hos tetrapoder å gjøre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utvikling_av_hjerte_og_det_lille_kretsløp"><span id="Utvikling_av_hjerte_og_det_lille_kretsl.C3.B8p"></span>Utvikling av hjerte og det lille kretsløp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utvikling av hjerte og det lille kretsløp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utvikling av hjerte og det lille kretsløp"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hos de fleste fisk har hjertet et enkelt forkammer. Etter hvert utviklet de firbente virveldyrenes forfedre en delingen av <a href="/wiki/Hjerte" title="Hjerte">hjertets</a> opprinnelig enkelte <a href="/wiki/Forkammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkammer">forkammer</a> i to forkamre<sup id="cite_ref-Romer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denne delingen av forkammeret skyldes at <a href="/wiki/Lunger" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunger">lunger</a> stadig ble viktigere etterhvert som de tidlige tetrapodene tilbrakte mer tid på land. En egen <a href="/wiki/Lungevene" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungevene">lungevene</a> fraktet oksygenrikt blod fra lungene/svømmeblæra til et «ekstra» forkammer. Dette forkammeret pumper det oksygenrike inn i hovedkammeret. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grupper_med_tilbakedannede_egenskaper">Grupper med tilbakedannede egenskaper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grupper med tilbakedannede egenskaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grupper med tilbakedannede egenskaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enkelte grupper landlevende virveldyr mangler en eller flere av disse egenskapene. <a href="/wiki/Slanger" title="Slanger">Slanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormepadder" title="Ormepadder">ormepadder</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hvaler_(dyr)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hvaler (dyr)">hvaler</a> er uten bein og <a href="/wiki/Bro%C3%B8gle" class="mw-redirect" title="Broøgle">broøglen</a> er uten trommehinne. Dette skyldes at disse gruppene har mistet disse egenskapene gjennom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reduksjon_(evolusjon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reduksjon (evolusjon) (ikke skrevet ennå)">evolusjonære <i>tap</i></a>. For hvaler og slangers del skyldes dette at de har vendt tilbake til havet (og slanger opp på land igjen). Disse gruppene stammer likevel dyr som har hatt de respektive egenskapene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tetrapodenes_evolusjon">Tetrapodenes evolusjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tetrapodenes evolusjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tetrapodenes evolusjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg/250px-Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg/375px-Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg/500px-Tiktaalik_roseae_life_restor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1092" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Tiktaalik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiktaalik">Tiktaalik</a></i> fra <a href="/wiki/Devon_(geologi)" title="Devon (geologi)">devon</a> regnes ikke lenger som tetrapodenes umiddelbare stamfar</figcaption></figure><p>De første tetrapodene antas nå å ha utviklet seg kystnært i <a href="/wiki/Brakkvann" title="Brakkvann">brakkvanns</a>- og marine omgivelser, og i nærliggende <a href="/wiki/Ferskvann" title="Ferskvann">ferskvanns</a><a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Sump">sumper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenny_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenny-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opp_fra_vannet">Opp fra vannet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Opp fra vannet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Opp fra vannet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tidligere trodde man at <i><a href="/wiki/Tiktaalik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiktaalik">Tiktaalik</a></i> var det første indikasjon på tetrapoder, fra tidlig devon. Men nylig ble det oppdaget svært vel bevarte og sikkert daterte rekker av fotatrykk bevart i marin leire i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zache%C5%82mie,_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyskie_Voivodeship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zachełmie, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (ikke skrevet ennå)">Zachełmie</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>. Fotavtrykkene er datert til å være 395 millioner år gamle, 18 millioner år eldre enn det eldste kjente <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noen spor viser seks tær og vitner om at dyret hadde evnen til å gå på land. I tillegg viser sporene at dyret kunne bøye armer og ben forover. Denne bevegelsen ville vært umulig for fisk som <i>Tiktaalik</i>. Dyret som laget sporet anslås å ha vært opp til <span class="nowrap">2,5 m</span> lang med fotavtrykk opp til 26 cm brede, selv om de fleste sporene er bare 15 cm brede.<sup id="cite_ref-NN_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NN-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den gang sto havnivået høyere enn i dag, og store deler av kontinentene var oversvømmet med grunne hav, brakkvannsumper og store elveleiesystemer. </p><p>Lungene utviklet seg fra <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%B8mmebl%C3%A6re" title="Svømmeblære">svømmeblæren</a>. Primitive <a href="/wiki/Beinfisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinfisk">beinfisk</a> har en åpning fra svelget til svømmeblæren, og kan bruke den som lunger på samme måte som <a href="/wiki/Lungefisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungefisk">lungefisk</a>. Beina utviklet seg fra bryst- og bukfinnene. De første tetrapodene levde på grunt vann og var ganske flatbygde. De bruke de kraftige kvastfinnene til å ta seg over grunner eller å dra seg opp på land etter mat. Etterhvert utviklet de evnen til å leve større deler av livet på land. Den felles <a href="/wiki/Stamart" title="Stamart">stamarten</a> for de landlevende virveldyr lignet mest på dagens <a href="/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier">amfibier</a>, og la egg som klekket til <a href="/wiki/Rumpetroll" title="Rumpetroll">rumpetroll</a> med <a href="/wiki/Gjeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjeller">gjeller</a>. De var altså fortsatt avhengig av vannet for egglegging og <a href="/wiki/Utvikling_(biologi)" title="Utvikling (biologi)">fosterutvikling</a>. </p><p>Disse tidlige <a href="/wiki/Panserpadder" title="Panserpadder">panserpaddene</a> gav i <a href="/wiki/Karbon_(geologi)" title="Karbon (geologi)">karbon</a> opphav til <a href="/wiki/Urreptiler" title="Urreptiler">urreptilene</a>, som igjen gav opphav til de øvrige nålevende tetrapodene (<a href="/wiki/Krypdyr" title="Krypdyr">krypdyr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fugler" title="Fugler">fugler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a>). Panserpaddene overlevde langt inn i <a href="/wiki/Mesozoikum" title="Mesozoikum">mesozoikum</a>, og i <a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">trias</a> gav de opphav til de moderne amfibiene (<a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">Lissamphibia</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Klassifikasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klassifikasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Tetrapoda</b> </p> <pre> `-<a href="/wiki/Panserpadder" title="Panserpadder">Panserpadder</a> | `-Moderne <a href="/wiki/Amfibier" title="Amfibier">amfibier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">Lissamphibia</a>) `-<a href="/wiki/Urreptiler" title="Urreptiler">Urreptiler</a> </pre> <p>Om vi bare regner med de nålevende <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(biologi)#Overordnede_og_delgrupper" title="Gruppe (biologi)">gruppene</a>, er amfibiene <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8stergruppe" title="Søstergruppe">søstergruppen</a> til de resterende landlevende virveldyrene (<a href="/wiki/Amnioter" title="Amnioter">amnioter</a>). De nålevende landlevende vriveldyrene består av følgende <a href="/wiki/Monofyletisk_gruppe" title="Monofyletisk gruppe">monofyletiske grupper</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_amfibier" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderne amfibier">moderne amfibier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bro%C3%B8gler" title="Broøgler">broøgler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugler" title="Fugler">fugler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krokodiller" title="Krokodiller">krokodiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">pattedyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilpadder" title="Skilpadder">skilpadder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skjellkrypdyr" title="Skjellkrypdyr">skjellkrypdyr</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Lombard, R.E. & Bolt, J.R. (1979): Evolution of the tetrapod ear: an analysis and reinterpretation. <i>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</i> No 11: side 19–76 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1979.tb00027.x/abstract">Sammendrag</a> (på engelsk)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romer-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Romer_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Romer, A. S. (1947): Vertebrate Paleontology, (revidert utgave 1966), University of Chicago Press, Chicago</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jenny-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jenny_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Clack, Jennifer A. (2002). <i>Gaining ground: the origin and evolution of tetrapods</i> (på engelsk). Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN. s. 86-87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-253-34054-3" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-253-34054-3">0-253-34054-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AFirbente+virveldyr&rft.au=Clack%2C+Jennifer+A.&rft.btitle=Gaining+ground%3A+the+origin+and+evolution+of+tetrapods&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-253-34054-3&rft.pages=86-87&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+Bloomington+IN.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki, Piotr Szrek, Katarzyna Narkiewicz, Marek Narkiewicz, Per E. Ahlberg (2010). «Tetrapod trackways from the early Middle Devonian period of Poland». <i>Nature</i> (på engelsk): 43–48. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08623">10.1038/nature08623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AFirbente+virveldyr&rft.atitle=Tetrapod+trackways+from+the+early+Middle+Devonian+period+of+Poland&rft.au=Grzegorz+Nied%C5%BAwiedzki%2C+Piotr+Szrek%2C+Katarzyna+Narkiewicz%2C+Marek+Narkiewicz%2C+Per+E.+Ahlberg&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=43-48&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature08623&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NN-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NN_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dalton, Rex (6. januar 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100106/full/news.2010.1.html">«Discovery pushes back date of first four-legged animal»</a> (på engelsk). Nature News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 7. mars 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AFirbente+virveldyr&rft.au=Dalton%2C+Rex&rft.btitle=Discovery+pushes+back+date+of+first+four-legged+animal&rft.date=2010-01-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nature+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F100106%2Ffull%2Fnews.2010.1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firbente_virveldyr&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1831"><i>tetrapoder</i></a> – oversikt og omtale av artene i <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WORMS-databasen</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p850"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#P850" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/46557930"><i>tetrapoder</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p830"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#P830" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=137279"><i>tetrapoder</i></a> hos Fossilworks <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p842"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#P842" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=914181"><i>tetrapoder</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p815"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#P815" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=32523"><i>tetrapoder</i></a> hos NCBI <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p685"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#P685" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tetrapoda" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tetrapoda"><i>Kategori:Tetrapoda</i></a> – bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Tetrapoda"><i>Tetrapoda</i></a> – detaljert informasjon på <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_slspecieswiki"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159?uselang=nb#SLspecieswiki" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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