CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135cdd618744070',cH: 'Z_KdRqm_THch9xfSAl650eF_EyH6ajLVnKxNRI0H1SQ-1739795587-1.2.1.1-RJAX0Y1867DrFY7.MkFREPgDxn60hrwJbvvUiwlTlmdt9JAMtfnBo3fDPGu4Q1p5',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Geodesic&__cf_chl_tk=Yy4AkByO6O0MMLNAlv1CvXR65o9e6MJAnMtRcE.9wWY-1739795587-1.0.1.1-E7UfmYOLg.7TTkg94DreDeogF8KIGdergGXAySFmdto",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795587',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Geodesic&__cf_chl_f_tk=Yy4AkByO6O0MMLNAlv1CvXR65o9e6MJAnMtRcE.9wWY-1739795587-1.0.1.1-E7UfmYOLg.7TTkg94DreDeogF8KIGdergGXAySFmdto",md: "1rHiHBFg9tPNytDLgVF9zjG254u9XYhopzICI5x1dqA-1739795587-1.2.1.1-T0VoyeIh_zW_3nZx2g4KDgEHLLQuM.z0YmgBA_wV2yIWDrm_MiBDD1WvFGZsNMDZgQOKQ5y0.NeOQBACMyJym.rqIC4eTGeGl98auJmXoOW_VlslSJj99phZUedPtbSSlVwzEixWzUYHh_AhCMQMDEN51H2Kc5qAfZmv1_eHOqDYoaJ48tPiS.eovEciBWUasqwKT7r.AdpYZlFHKB8JqyOmFDJOM5_bfYKtoy8mVaHBRls5drRoE9AVKKbL1v3O3gzRCU2RWAZKFXOrLrGmlmE9MxceF12PO4kllZZJ280eF2vuIH5vB8aCIUCfXl3Z5Oo5OiAEh_EvZ27dxGuoEKht34dXr1GhOdUVsbbgwcxQ9Zto_2wx57wU08ZCSSHxGuofwaSL6LfhvLj8iy0iKOdLFCui8P2sjCYhty0uJWyVQWUUy0HEY9JGYDHf92TGtoRaumqjfkN.8wVN.DW5VdS0DcnrvCPOM_TG_9SmwKDKdIP81oX2VKnv3pBoGtjwvCuNRMhxsqdvlePivAJtzVLQLfVuhnUbjBG7UEfpqdwiSmCwGCkSV0XuxQRLcRNzBvl_efegPPEuvGa.S0mjpkAzlCRsLeLWqNby_7mGrEjIKp8SLpRPWv50pa5GHTsDpd12fWLQqGk2Qb6_z7UTS7RP0aujWJB2j0wKBiwdixrkAK_FPBSNdKiL3u1wMRXRiU_bcQ2VNTWW8BhdEEUUTwB4.QoXcSoNctXXAF3EH114kFWgFh81zzhJZb4NJct7j4Iwsp.WBUUqAYLwPZLOtzOIKkI.ihgMVHWEcIJgjqdaacpBVBNssthWC6NXzA_R.9wxGK1gRQ7xg9bu_Yh8wqAaajwt9qPA741RdmMGIwCKTC2C6MQWwhXwyup_zDLFPenSOsJxW1h7qChWiEhAbwsYJUegE3tLG01VYOe97kS1_.n9cepj2oemxZD6LAmKnVKRUje2.JBZU8nM8eY1Rhsi1mUXWjHCi0Qx3DGxhzuXo_T_ZNuNpPwdLOguc9pPoavp_Z7VILgg0U4RJLItVCbXNM2b8nGG2A9x3v1KAiKb8f.Bp_eWpwSmeGAqwHShe2djUAKj5MIAvSI2SW4XpbvWWNewfw8A6Z0SqwWeBohEzM1m7Jq0yiNE8wur0k07wb5VS2EmAk79rYz0bnAXcFOTFFINsVQBEZ3U39k6ixZToZN5kA3x.genlkZh3lXZzIt2m1TYneN2QGWO23jdmH8GFfX2rySaLEssv5sDquZl9S6TE7ZEROEDEIQEUPb5Szlad5i503zcNhGLycTAGGCDF9C899bsaoIxz0Ss_ykolJTO6LJINPvTlY4Rh8aepPIrSDDNrsn.VowOtpIMHaa6MagiMGvr8L23kAIoMyRPzSRXWhkjunMVmqPo1YVz5xkG6BxoBkl2Z58tZMwAKIeodH7e3noy1hZNZC4WRWqjPyzQrsHsVxhn3_cMPR71UBJJ6q8_vIo.Jj_bFDmf89i.4mjIekA0yIxaRE0Y2Na.2EvCIP2TtefvUvDXHwbxRa8wwE6_JUd0WCCWnWz7A70tCTxbfMV23dfAkCQdpqa1uOhJLYMEoldZHaB2tD_pMyDJiIR52jYND9.V.kAN4cd9ovZxMBPuRkHIjz153biAAVttYstk4aoHRoAMA9A82g.Jbomo3rKqH5SLwNdWWDxI53rPas__EfRNk65P9MvMyVyWmXnQJwdW9X1zNmVrC1NeL_rre_MlEx.zmUJxoCipnXmkagrPwN7jc0geC0I2D7nalB1FD82CfyvzSCBgWnz1EcA5sj9n5errE3YBDX2zFFmnB_MqHc5V8f6qAx5XEyj_nkA7XUjhR9YWNtROtdij.Snoav6NXdRalM8kFcN3h4mK9Vzo_4yKa8X9NdhivetB9GQAjUECdEcVFBrW",mdrd: "tcbn_lUmt.hxwROgz.LrKtVXz7hWNOIYqfnPB5gnKYo-1739795587-1.2.1.1-ShXZVyXY1O0UEw8.IBJTRRXMqIDpYGzI83cQh76h_A2aKfhKno2.53PI6dXjof_wegjU_S8G8sjcUnNYCBnlzrCg1wvvsK8y94w03znmxjSUwuUtF90KwcJBP.v4W.eLcYyMUf_Ot697ceL1IiH5P1U1MlUz6vifMUj8TPBbHf53takMDYIUGvKF8Gw9Ommv4yTV_s9cyNUxzyINC1vFc7cV.6QHliYr1BRyFd5jCZTdTPgdZwa9gzF7NveK4ARllUs6nVtymQZUxGVyMD0hO5WZlnTpa0I84hsZDbqcLpygP9fZkraI_gfn_qYsSCf60coCnqCWXo7nE7gt.3Gc1634.gIa4EhNJw1hD.S6jeIl2gc6uBs07s0Zw3kTq9z.ROCcPAuhbQLNC5rlnSUJg1nHCjhxjwplN3WPYLHnbzcxURyJ327kebjCPvrHn837v3vnf_hhEo0XRH2y9jhlmAZ3o6iBK9OFO8GUMOsa5BVaETVQSKzW.IgO2hRzF4wqbu36c6BBTmYLwZKr0VVPi5ifyCHYvCc7BGdLC6JnxyvXJKtlU.TASBDX9OfaXg_iuK_j0byds.nCsP0V.Mwz6ncEh89GsD4.qpEb58yR5X9_2ic35SYE7GkkeXJAANNU5hdM5mg.xzqOSifx6g0o10AmIKbFcVXOzocs1pDTA4KSIJwVbZ14sIW73_mknqzJxZIX8sK5_DeQpkbhiQj0I6WgEca_jVLRQ9i5PWs2PuoIiIc_tQVL9mCuW_zyfICY2Y.eIXmO0UlaazFL.yw_JkN51a2CHhDM1OtZiIT5x_AkM4nfOFxgwGUgGxOjjpJn_016R.XK2o5yCmGiTb6SW3W.a0sOWigzJDq6SPlS.z0bKyY1UjfD6bwBFQIIHg0gPx0flktDZ9._RsSd7Gydh4UtD22TDkYjBqQs5Seg7EgFKUR2ZK54sbwfJvRdi0GwmxpVO.h.NkRzqnhSSeiwq5sNM_wdcZ5lphtIjRbifZsGUAyzQr0oCNg_yTHWfUix4q7qhXNcqS1_E.U0X5o7bQxnMayoi1.Ox6OLoXUTrlq._lJ7k_dtuXI1woQA_Wnfa75Ns.0ds.ggHnU19sgIf2UBDRXN6L6GDf3QF9Ykmyaae7Q836lBDZCafahQrt82K4FoF6dxqbVVy_HqaRzvycZVBSmT.aLsVwLxmK5CSo58mzNz0Syst7Qsf8oJI3gXrPkwpSdSips5GjWfZZv2e4u0aR_hWClsHetTYQVe5S3.F1UEk8etievDeIT8y75MZCaZqa00fZnx_WbpBwHCZkxaIpCZT6lKQ4Z30oiwohQvkl6GOcPIZIyBXPLFFIhduHqLTpabtqqmEKKIiDU7VKyf0IgyUjw7Y5FLTiem9LNoOBm7yjoP905q_CpcinO05kR0XbBFcYPPX_iTXAcNhfiOeScqKxFoG4vWRpo2z1ZczEHI.YUHoFZwIFNio9uPdCjl5G.xCYY1qZiOytwwt_xfUSCnUr2lzusKkoTCGF.6WOv6iNHcXYnP1HSf4lCENvgV.0NUP8K.8jzYibUVuxKRvBOI.RZcqzCdzy2EFLk6wqabxqDdO6RBJsBN3JYMWXL9jmLYQDdR6h6FgLHbGNJWG2WXj0fipnpLZKyry84JA6j.r1Zn8CgYhWDnqs9PUwysRzIara2nAM1e7e0YCvibCTk8gztftygGL4jsIF.6NQZvxh6eKAe8UwpzfaQQ1s_zvOO4SEiq8MmSAoNccwLb3B9tq7rc0vnS5csK7Bc09uVLIQ7BtuAxAm3h7IRpDt4FwePQvw6Ns7oimCrSSoD8AI07pkjkPMtgFNl66TK4VtQNvITmoASYcFKC6GCS_HxjOTyOGFcYPAU.V2g6QtBbifMSqGMuifubUQswZ3VJGzg_oxWASt47tnShnMluymYbun2AOYWip4qMFH124kj9dxwYKm1shKneKWD3oqIb.7VDa0pFgKijxCUUbCaH"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135cdd618744070';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Geodesic&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Yy4AkByO6O0MMLNAlv1CvXR65o9e6MJAnMtRcE.9wWY-1739795587-1.0.1.1-E7UfmYOLg.7TTkg94DreDeogF8KIGdergGXAySFmdto" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>