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id="toc-Textual_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Han_dynasty:_Modern_and_Old_Scripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Han_dynasty:_Modern_and_Old_Scripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Han dynasty: Modern and Old Scripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Han_dynasty:_Modern_and_Old_Scripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claimed_recovery_of_Old_Script_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claimed_recovery_of_Old_Script_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Claimed recovery of Old Script texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claimed_recovery_of_Old_Script_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_discoveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_discoveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modern discoveries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_discoveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nature_of_the_chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature_of_the_chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nature of the chapters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature_of_the_chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Traditional organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dating_of_the_Modern_Script_chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dating_of_the_Modern_Script_chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dating of the Modern Script chapters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dating_of_the_Modern_Script_chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_in_the_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_in_the_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence in the West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_in_the_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Book of Documents</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%8Dng-su_(chheh)" title="Siōng-su (chheh) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siōng-su (chheh)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Шу Цзін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шу Цзін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujing" title="Shujing – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shujing" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0u-%C5%A5ing" title="Šu-ťing – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šu-ťing" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch_der_Urkunden" title="Buch der Urkunden – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buch der Urkunden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A1sico_de_historia" title="Clásico de historia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clásico de historia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="شوچینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شوچینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classique_des_documents" title="Classique des documents – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classique des documents" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EA%B2%BD_(%EC%B1%85)" title="서경 (책) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서경 (책)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shu_Jing" title="Shu Jing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shu Jing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujing" title="Shujing – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shujing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הקלאסיקה של המסמכים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקלאסיקה של המסמכים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_csing" title="Su csing – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Su csing" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek_der_Documenten" title="Boek der Documenten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boek der Documenten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E7%B5%8C" title="書経 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="書経" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujing" title="Shujing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shujing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%81_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صحیفہ چین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صحیفہ چین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99ga_dokument%C3%B3w" title="Księga dokumentów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księga dokumentów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujing" title="Shujing – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shujing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_%D1%86%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шу цзин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шу цзин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0u-%C5%A5ing" title="Šu-ťing – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šu-ťing" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga_dokumentov" title="Knjiga dokumentov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Knjiga dokumentov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کتێبی بەڵگەنامەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێبی بەڵگەنامەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumentens_bok" title="Dokumentens bok – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dokumentens bok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujing" title="Shujing – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Shujing" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83_%D1%86%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Шу цзін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шу цзін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%81_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="صحیفہ چین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صحیفہ چین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_Th%C6%B0" title="Kinh Thư – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh Thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="尚書 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="尚書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B9%A6%EF%BC%89" title="尚书（书） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尚书（书）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E7%B6%93" title="書經 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="書經" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6_(%E4%B9%A6)" title="尚书 (书) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尚书 (书)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q875313#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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The specific problem is: <b>use of chinese-language text needs to be pared down or edited to conform with <a href="/wiki/MOS:ZH" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ZH">MOS:ZH</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Book_of_Documents" title="Special:EditPage/Book of Documents">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Book of Documents <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Documents&rft.author=Various%3B+%3Cabbr++++title%3D%22%22%3Etrad.%3C%2Fabbr%3E+compiled+by+%5B%5BConfucius%5D%5D&rft.place=China"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg/315px-Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg" decoding="async" width="315" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg/473px-Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg/630px-Guwen_Shangshu_TNM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="443" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A page of an annotated <i>Book of Documents</i> manuscript from the 7th century, held by the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_National_Museum" title="Tokyo National Museum">Tokyo National Museum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data">Various; <abbr title="traditional">trad.</abbr> compiled by <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Literary Chinese-language text"><span lang="lzh">書</span></span></span></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data">Compilation of rhetorical prose</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Book of Documents</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shujing_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Shujing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Shujing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Shujing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Shujing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Shujing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Shujing_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="581" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Book of Documents" (<i>Shujing</i>) written using traditional (top) and simplified (bottom) characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">書經</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">书经</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shūjīng</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Classic of Documents"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shūjīng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shujing</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Shu<sup>1</sup>-ching<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂú.tɕíŋ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn"><span>Su<sup>1</sup>-gang<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Syū-gīng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Syu1-ging1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[sy˥.kɪŋ˥]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Chu-keng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsu-king</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn">sho-geng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter–Sagart_(2014)" title="Reconstructions of Old Chinese">Baxter–Sagart (2014)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="och-Latn">*<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s-ta<span class="wrap"> </span>k-lˤeng</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxterSagart2014327–378_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxterSagart2014327–378-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:尚書">尚書</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:尚书">尚书</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shàngshū</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Venerated Documents"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shàngshū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Shang<sup>4</sup>-shu<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂâŋ.ʂú]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn"><span>Song<sup>4</sup>-su<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Seuhng-syū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Soeng6-syu1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Siōng-su</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Siōng-su</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dʒjàng-sho</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter–Sagart_(2014)" title="Reconstructions of Old Chinese">Baxter–Sagart (2014)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="och-Latn">*<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dang-s<span class="wrap"> </span>s-ta</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Second alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:書">書</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:书">书</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shū</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Documents"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Shu<sup>1</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʂú]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Syū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Syu1</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Chu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Late Middle Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ltc-Latn"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃo</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese" title="Old Chinese">Old Chinese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese#Baxter–Sagart_(2014)" title="Reconstructions of Old Chinese">Baxter–Sagart (2014)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Old Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="och-Latn">*<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s-ta</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Vietnamese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese alphabet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Kinh Thư</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1n-N%C3%B4m" class="mw-redirect" title="Hán-Nôm">Hán-Nôm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">經書</span></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">서경</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko" style="font-size: 1rem;">書經</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Korean-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ko-Latn">Seogyeong</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Japanese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">書経</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ja-Latn">Shokyō</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png/220px-Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png/330px-Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png/440px-Lineage_of_editions_of_the_Shangshu_during_the_Han_dynasty_.png 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Lineage of editions during the Han dynasty</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>Book of Documents</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">書經</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shūjīng</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Shu King</span></i>) or the <i><b>Classic of History</b></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Classics">Five Classics</a> of ancient <a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Chinese literature</a>. It is a collection of rhetorical prose attributed to figures of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient China">ancient China</a>, and served as the foundation of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political philosophy</a> for over two millennia. </p><p>The <i>Book of Documents</i> was the subject of one of China's oldest literary controversies, between proponents of different versions of the text. A version was preserved from <a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars" title="Burning of books and burying of scholars">burning of books and burying of scholars</a> by scholar <a href="/wiki/Fu_Sheng_(scholar)" title="Fu Sheng (scholar)">Fu Sheng</a>, in 29 chapters (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">piān</i></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">篇</span></span>). This group of texts were referred to as "Modern Script" (or "Current Script"; <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">jīnwén</i></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">今文</span></span>), because they were written with the script in use at the beginning of the Western Han dynasty. </p><p>A longer version of the <i>Documents</i> was said to be discovered in the wall of <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>'s family estate in <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> by his descendant <a href="/wiki/Kong_Anguo" title="Kong Anguo">Kong Anguo</a> in the late 2nd century BC. This new material was referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Script_Texts" title="Ancient Script Texts">Old Script</a>" (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">gǔwén</i></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">古文</span></span>), because they were written in the script that predated the standardization of Chinese script during the Qin. Compared to the Modern Script texts, the "Old Script" material had 16 more chapters. However, this seems to have been lost at the end of the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>, while the Modern Script text enjoyed circulation, in particular in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ouyang_Gao%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ouyang Gao's (page does not exist)">Ouyang Gao's</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E9%AB%98" class="extiw" title="zh:歐陽高">zh</a>]</span> study, called the <i>Ouyang Shangshu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">歐陽尚書</span></span>). This was the basis of studies by <a href="/wiki/Ma_Rong" title="Ma Rong">Ma Rong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Xuan" title="Zheng Xuan">Zheng Xuan</a> during the Eastern Han.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 317 AD, <a href="/wiki/Mei_Ze" title="Mei Ze">Mei Ze</a> presented to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Jin">Eastern Jin</a> court a 58-chapter (59 if the preface is counted) <i>Book of Documents</i> as Kong Anguo's version of the text. This version was accepted, despite the doubts of a few scholars, and later was canonized as part of <a href="/wiki/Kong_Yingda" title="Kong Yingda">Kong Yingda</a>'s project. It was only in the 17th century that <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Yan_Ruoqu" title="Yan Ruoqu">Yan Ruoqu</a> demonstrated that the "old script" were actually fabrications "reconstructed" in the 3rd or 4th centuries AD. </p><p>In the transmitted edition, texts are grouped into four sections representing different eras: the legendary reign of <a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Yu the Great</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> dynasties. The Zhou section accounts for over half the text. Some of its modern-script chapters are among the earliest examples of Chinese prose, recording speeches from the early years of the Zhou dynasty in the late 11th century BC. Although the other three sections purport to record earlier material, most scholars believe that even the New Script chapters in these sections were composed later than those in the Zhou section, with chapters relating to the earliest periods being as recent as the 4th or 3rd centuries BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1999105_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1999105-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001134,_158_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001134,_158-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textual_history">Textual history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Textual history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of the various versions of the <i>Documents</i> is particularly complex, and has been the subject of a long-running literary and philosophical controversy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_references">Early references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a later tradition, the <i>Book of Documents</i> was compiled by <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> (551–479 BC) as a selection from a much larger group of documents, with some of the remainder being included in the <i><a href="/wiki/Yi_Zhou_Shu" title="Yi Zhou Shu">Yi Zhou Shu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan2012548–549,_551_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan2012548–549,_551-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the early history of both texts is obscure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan2012550_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan2012550-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning with Confucius, writers increasingly drew on the <i>Documents</i> to illustrate general principles, though it seems that several different versions were in use.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001127_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001127-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Six citations to unnamed chapters of the <i>Documents</i> appear in the <i><a href="/wiki/Analects" title="Analects">Analects</a></i>. While Confucius invoked the pre-dynastic emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yao" title="Emperor Yao">Yao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shun" title="Emperor Shun">Shun</a>, as well as figures from the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> dynasties, he complained of the lack of documentation prior to the Zhou. The <i>Documents</i> were cited increasingly frequently in works through the 4th century BC, including in the <i><a href="/wiki/Mencius_(book)" title="Mencius (book)">Mencius</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Zuo_Zhuan" title="Zuo Zhuan">Zuo Zhuan</a></i>. These authors favoured documents relating to Yao, Shun and the Xia dynasty, chapters now believed to have been written in the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>. The chapters currently believed to be the oldest—mostly relating to the early Zhou—were little used by Warring States authors, perhaps due to the difficulty of the archaic language or a less familiar worldview.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1999105–108_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1999105–108-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fewer than half the passages quoted by these authors are present in the received text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaberg200178_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaberg200178-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authors such as <a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a>, while quoting the <i>Documents</i>, refused to accept it as genuine in its entirety. Their attitude contrasts with the reverence later shown to the text during the Han dynasty, when its compilation was attributed to Confucius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001127–128_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001127–128-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Han_dynasty:_Modern_and_Old_Scripts">Han dynasty: Modern and Old Scripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Han dynasty: Modern and Old Scripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wang_Wei_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Elderly Chinese man, seated at a low writing desk and holding a scroll" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wang_Wei_001.jpg/220px-Wang_Wei_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wang_Wei_001.jpg/330px-Wang_Wei_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wang_Wei_001.jpg/440px-Wang_Wei_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption><i>Fu Sheng expounding on the Classic</i>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Wang_Wei_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Wang Wei (Tang dynasty)">Wang Wei</a> (8th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>Many copies of the work were destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_books_and_burying_of_scholars" title="Burning of books and burying of scholars">Burning of Books</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fu_Sheng_(scholar)" title="Fu Sheng (scholar)">Fu Sheng</a> reconstructed part of the work from hidden copies in the late 3rd to early 2nd century BC, at the start of the succeeding <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a>. The texts that he transmitted were known as the "Modern Script" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">今文</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">jīn wén</i></span>) because it was written in the <a href="/wiki/Clerical_script" title="Clerical script">clerical script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001130_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001130-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It originally consisted of 29 chapters, but the "Great Speech" 太誓 chapter was lost shortly afterwards and replaced by a new version.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan199526_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan199526-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining 28 chapters were later expanded into 30 when Ouyang Gao divided the "Pangeng" chapter into three sections.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu</a>, renovations of the home of Confucius are said to have uncovered several manuscripts hidden within a wall, including a longer version of the <i>Documents</i>. These texts were referred to as "Old Script" because they were written in the pre-Qin <a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">seal script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were transcribed into clerical script and interpreted by Confucius' descendant <a href="/wiki/Kong_Anguo" title="Kong Anguo">Kong Anguo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han dynasty sources give contradictory accounts of the nature of this find.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan199528–36_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan199528–36-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the commonly repeated account of the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Han" title="Book of Han">Book of Han</a></i>, the "Old Script" texts included the chapters preserved by Fu Sheng, another version of the "Great Speech" chapter and some 16 additional ones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993381-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear what happened to these manuscripts. According to the <i>Book of Han</i>, <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiang_(scholar)" title="Liu Xiang (scholar)">Liu Xiang</a> collated the Old Script version against the three main "Modern Script" traditions, creating a version of the <i>Documents</i> that included both groups. This was championed by his son <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xin_(scholar)" title="Liu Xin (scholar)">Liu Xin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan199548_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan199548-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who requested in a letter to Emperor Ai the establishment of a <i>boshi</i> position for its study.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this did not happen. Most likely, this edition put together by the imperial librarians was lost in the chaos that ended the Western Han dynasty, and the later movement of the capital and imperial library. </p><p>A list of 100 chapter titles was also in circulation; many are mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a></i>, but without quoting the text of the other chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks201187_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks201187-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>shu</i> were designated one of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Classics">Five Classics</a> when Confucian works made official by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Han" title="Emperor Wu of Han">Emperor Wu of Han</a>, and <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">jīng</i></span> ('classic') was added to its name. The term <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shàngshū</i></span> 'venerated documents' was also used in the Eastern Han.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2000475–477_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2000475–477-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Xiping_Stone_Classics" title="Xiping Stone Classics">Xiping Stone Classics</a>, set up outside the imperial academy in 175–183 but since destroyed, included a Modern Script version of the <i>Documents</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993383_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993383-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Han dynasty scholars ignored the Old Script version, and it disappeared by the end of the dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks201187_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks201187-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claimed_recovery_of_Old_Script_texts">Claimed recovery of Old Script texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Claimed recovery of Old Script texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A version of the <i>Documents</i> that included the "Old Script" texts was allegedly rediscovered by the scholar <a href="/wiki/Mei_Ze" title="Mei Ze">Mei Ze</a> during the 4th century, and presented to the imperial court of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265-420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265-420)">Eastern Jin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993383_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993383-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His version consisted of the 31 modern script texts in 33 chapters, and 18 additional old script texts in 25 chapters, with a preface and commentary purportedly written by Kong Anguo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993376–377_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993376–377-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was presented as <i>Guwen Shangshu</i> 古文尚書, and was widely accepted. It was the basis of the <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shàngshū zhèngyì</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尚書正義</span></span> 'Correct interpretation of the <i>Documents'</i>) published in 653 and made the official interpretation of the <i>Documents</i> by imperial decree. The oldest extant copy of the text, included in the <a href="/wiki/Kaicheng_Stone_Classics" title="Kaicheng Stone Classics">Kaicheng Stone Classics</a> (833–837), contains all of these chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993383_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993383-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, starting from Wu Yu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吳棫</span></span>), many doubts had been expressed concerning the provenance of the allegedly rediscovered "Old Script" texts in Mei Ze's edition. In the 16th century, Mei Zhuo (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梅鷟</span></span>) published a detailed argument that these chapters, as well as the preface and commentary, were forged in the 3rd century AD using material from other historical sources such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Zuo_Commentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuo Commentary">Zuo Commentary</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Grand_Historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Grand Historian">Records of the Grand Historian</a></i>. Mei identified the sources from which the forger had cut and pasted text, and even suggested <a href="/wiki/Huangfu_Mi" title="Huangfu Mi">Huangfu Mi</a> as a probable culprit. In the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Yan_Ruoqu" title="Yan Ruoqu">Yan Ruoqu</a>'s unpublished but widely distributed manuscript entitled <i>Evidential analysis of the Old Script Documents</i> (<span lang="zh">尚書古文疏證</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shàngshū gǔwén shūzhèng</span></i>) convinced most scholars that the rediscovered Old Script texts were fabricated in the 3rd or 4th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElman1983206–213_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElman1983206–213-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_discoveries">Modern discoveries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern discoveries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New light has been shed on the <i>Book of Documents</i> by the recovery between 1993 and 2008 of caches of <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_and_wooden_slips" title="Bamboo and wooden slips">texts written on bamboo slips</a> from tombs of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">state of Chu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jingmen,_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingmen, Hubei">Jingmen, Hubei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiao2001_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiao2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These texts are believed to date from the late Warring States period, around 300 BC, and thus predate the burning of the books during the Qin dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiao2001_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiao2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Guodian_Chu_Slips" title="Guodian Chu Slips">Guodian Chu Slips</a> and the Shanghai Museum corpus include quotations of previously unknown passages of the work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiao2001_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiao2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy200656–58_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy200656–58-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_Bamboo_Slips" title="Tsinghua Bamboo Slips">Tsinghua Bamboo Slips</a> includes a version of the transmitted text "Golden Coffer", with minor textual differences, as well as several documents in the same style that are not included in the received text. The collection also includes two documents that the editors considered to be versions of the Old Script texts "Common Possession of Pure Virtue" and "Command to <a href="/wiki/Fu_Yue" title="Fu Yue">Fu Yue</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other authors have challenged these straightforward identifications.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the orthodox arrangement, the work consists of 58 chapters, each with a brief preface traditionally attributed to Confucius, and also includes a preface and commentary, both purportedly by Kong Anguo. An alternative organization, first used by <a href="/wiki/Wu_Cheng_(philosopher)" title="Wu Cheng (philosopher)">Wu Cheng</a>, includes only the Modern Script chapters, with the chapter prefaces collected together, but omitting the Kong preface and commentary. In addition, several chapters are divided into two or three parts in the orthodox form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993376–377_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993376–377-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature_of_the_chapters">Nature of the chapters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nature of the chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the exception of a few chapters of late date, the chapters are represented as records of formal speeches by kings or other important figures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan20113_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan20113-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan2012552_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan2012552-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these speeches are of one of five types, indicated by their titles:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993377_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993377-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Consultations (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">謨</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">mó</i></span>) between the king and his ministers (2 chapters),</li> <li>Instructions (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">訓</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">xùn</i></span>) to the king from his ministers (1 chapter),</li> <li>Announcements (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">誥</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">gào</i></span>) by the king to his people (8 chapters),</li> <li>Declarations (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">誓</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">shì</i></span>) by a ruler on the occasion of a battle (6 chapters), and</li> <li>Commands (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">命</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">mìng</i></span>) by the king to a specific vassal (7 chapters).</li></ul> <p>Classical Chinese tradition lists six types of <i>Shu</i>, beginning with <i>dian</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">典</span></span>, Canons (2 chapters in the Modern corpus). </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Su_Shi" title="Su Shi">Su Shi</a> (1037–1101), it is possible to single out Eight Announcements of the early Zhou, directed to the Shang people. Their titles only partially correspond to the modern chapters marked as <i>gao</i> (apart from the nos. 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 that mention the genre, Su Shi names nos. 16 "Zi cai", 19 "Duo shi" and 22 "Duo fang"). </p><p>As pointed out by <a href="/wiki/Chen_Mengjia" title="Chen Mengjia">Chen Mengjia</a> (1911–1966), announcements and commands are similar, but differ in that commands usually include granting of valuable objects, land or servants to their recipients. </p><p>Guo Changbao <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">过常宝</span></span> claims that the graph for announcement (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">誥</span></span>), known since the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a>, also appears on two bronze vessels (<i><a href="/wiki/He_zun" title="He zun">He zun</a></i> and <i>Shi Zhi gui</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">史[臣+舌]簋</span></span>), as well as in the "six genres" <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">六辞</span></span> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Zhou_li" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou li">Zhou li</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In many cases a speech is introduced with the phrase <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wáng ruò yuē</i></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">王若曰</span></span> 'The king seemingly said'), which also appears on commemorative <a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">bronze inscriptions</a> from the Western Zhou period, but not in other received texts. Scholars interpret this as meaning that the original documents were prepared scripts of speeches, to be read out by an official on behalf of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan20113–5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan20113–5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllan2012552–556_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllan2012552–556-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_organization">Traditional organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Traditional organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chapters are grouped into four sections representing different eras: the semi-mythical reign of <a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Yu the Great</a>, and the three ancient dynasties of the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a>. The first two sections – on Yu the Great and the Xia dynasty – contain two chapters each in the Modern Script version, and though they purport to record the earliest material in the <i>Documents</i>, from the 2nd millennium BC, most scholars believe they were written during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>. The Shang dynasty section contains five chapters, of which the first two – the "Speech of <a href="/wiki/Tang_of_Shang" title="Tang of Shang">King Tang</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Pan_Geng" title="Pan Geng">Pan Geng</a>" – recount the conquest of the Xia by the Shang and their leadership's migration to a new capital (now identified as <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>). The bulk of the Zhou dynasty section concerns the reign of <a href="/wiki/King_Cheng_of_Zhou" title="King Cheng of Zhou">King Cheng of Zhou</a> (r. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1040</span>–1006 BC) and the king's uncles, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Zhou" title="Duke of Zhou">Duke of Zhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Shao" title="Duke of Shao">Duke of Shao</a>. The last four Modern Script chapters relate to the later Western Zhou and early Spring and Autumn periods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993378–380_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993378–380-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>Chapters of the <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Book of Documents</i></span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Part </th> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F5DEB3; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> New </span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EDA; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> Text </span> </th> <th>Orthodox<br />chapter </th> <th colspan="3">Title </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="5"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虞書</span></span><br />Yu [Shun] </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center" rowspan="2">1 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">1 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">堯典</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yáo diǎn</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Canon of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yao" title="Emperor Yao">Yao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">2 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">舜典</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shùn diǎn</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Canon of <a href="/wiki/Shun_(Chinese_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shun (Chinese leader)">Shun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">3 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大禹謨</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Dà Yǔ mó</i></span> </td> <td>Counsels of <a href="/wiki/Yu_the_Great" title="Yu the Great">Great Yu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center" rowspan="2">2 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">4 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">皋陶謨</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gāo Yáo mó</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Counsels of <a href="/wiki/Gao_Yao_(Minister_for_Law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gao Yao (Minister for Law)">Gao Yao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">5 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">益稷</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yì jì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Yi and Ji </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="4"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">夏書</span></span><br />Xia </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">3 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">6 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">禹貢</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Yu_Gong" title="Yu Gong"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yǔ gòng</i></span></a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Tribute of [Great] Yu </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">4 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">7 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">甘誓</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gān shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Speech at [the Battle of] Gan </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td align="center">8 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">五子之歌</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wǔ zǐ zhī gē</i></span> </td> <td>Songs of the Five Sons </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">9 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">胤征</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yìn zhēng</i></span> </td> <td>Punitive Expedition on [King Zhongkang of] Yin </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="11"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">商書</span></span><br />Shang </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">5 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">10 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">湯誓</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tāng shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Speech of <a href="/wiki/Tang_of_Shang" title="Tang of Shang">Tang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"> </td> <td align="center">11 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">仲虺之誥</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhònghuī zhī gào</i></span> </td> <td>Announcement of Zhonghui </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">12 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">湯誥</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tāng gào</i></span> </td> <td>Announcement of Tang </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">13 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">伊訓</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yī xùn</i></span> </td> <td>Instructions of <a href="/wiki/Yi_Yin" title="Yi Yin">Yi [Yin]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">14–16 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">太甲</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tài jiǎ</i></span> </td> <td>Great Oath parts 1, 2 & 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">17 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">咸有一德</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xián yǒu yī dé</i></span> </td> <td>Common Possession of Pure Virtue </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">6 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">18–20 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">盤庚</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Pán Gēng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Geng" title="Pan Geng">Pan Geng</a> parts 1, 2 & 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">21–23 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">說命</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yuè mìng</i></span> </td> <td>Charge to <a href="/wiki/Fu_Yue" title="Fu Yue">Yue</a> parts 1, 2 & 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">7 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">24 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">高宗肜日</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gāozōng róng rì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Day of the Supplementary Sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Wu_Ding" title="Wu Ding">King Gaozong</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">8 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">25 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西伯戡黎</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xībó kān lí</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Chief of the West [King Wen]'s Conquest of [the State of] Li </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">9 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">26 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">微子</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wēizǐ</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span class="lesen">[Prince] Weizi</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="30"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周書</span></span><br />Zhou </td> <td> </td> <td align="center">27–29 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">泰誓</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tài shì</i></span> </td> <td>Great Speech parts 1, 2 & 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">10 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">30 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">牧誓</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Mù shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Speech at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muye" title="Battle of Muye">Muye</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">31 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">武成</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wǔ chéng</i></span> </td> <td>Successful Completion of the War [on Shang] </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">11 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">32 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洪範</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hóng fàn</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Great Plan [of Jizi] </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">33 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">旅獒</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lǚ áo</i></span> </td> <td>Hounds of [the Western Tribesmen] Lü </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">12 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">34 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">金滕</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jīn téng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Golden Coffer [of Zhou Gong] </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">13 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">35 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">大誥</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Dà gào</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Great Announcement </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">36 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">微子之命</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wēizǐ zhī mìng</i></span> </td> <td>Charge to Prince Weizi </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">14 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">37 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">康誥</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Kāng gào</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Announcement to <a href="/wiki/King_Kang_of_Zhou" title="King Kang of Zhou">Kang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">15 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">38 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">酒誥</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jiǔ gào</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Announcement about Drunkenness </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">16 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">39 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">梓材</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zǐ cái</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Timber of Rottlera </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">17 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">40 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">召誥</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shào gào</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Announcement of Duke Shao </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">18 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">41 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛誥</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Luò gào</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Announcement concerning <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">19 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">42 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">多士</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Duō shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Numerous Officers </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">20 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">43 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">無逸</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wú yì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Against Luxurious Ease </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">21 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">44 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">君奭</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jūn shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Lord Shi [Duke Shao] </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center">45 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">蔡仲之命</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Cài Zhòng zhī mìng</i></span> </td> <td>Charge to Cai Zhong </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">22 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">46 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">多方</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Duō fāng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Numerous Regions </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">23 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">47 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">立政</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lì zhèng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Establishment of Government </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td align="center">48 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周官</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhōu guān</i></span> </td> <td>Officers of Zhou </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">49 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">君陳</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jūn chén</i></span> </td> <td>Lord Chen </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center" rowspan="2">24 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">50 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">顧命</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gù mìng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Testamentary Charge </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">51 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">康王之誥</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Kāng wáng zhī gào</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Proclamation of King Kang </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td align="center">52 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">畢命</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Bì mìng</i></span> </td> <td>Charge to the [Duke of] Bi </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">53 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">君牙</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jūn Yá</i></span> </td> <td>Lord Ya </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">54 </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">冏命</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jiǒng mìng</i></span> </td> <td>Charge to Jiong </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">25 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">55 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">呂刑</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lǚ xíng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">[Marquis] Lü on Punishments </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">26 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">56 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">文侯之命</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Wén hóu zhī mìng</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Charge to <a href="/wiki/Duke_Wen_of_Jin" title="Duke Wen of Jin">Duke Wen of Jin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">27 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">57 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">費誓</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Fèi shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Speech at [the Battle of] Fei </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">28 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3" align="center">58 </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">秦誓</span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Qín shì</i></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F5DEB3">Speech of <a href="/wiki/Duke_Mu_of_Qin" title="Duke Mu of Qin">Duke Mu of Qin</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dating_of_the_Modern_Script_chapters">Dating of the Modern Script chapters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dating of the Modern Script chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not all of the Modern Script chapters are believed to be contemporaneous with the events they describe, which range from the legendary emperors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yao" title="Emperor Yao">Yao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shun" title="Emperor Shun">Shun</a> to early in the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993377–380_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993377–380-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six of these chapters concern figures prior to the first evidence of writing, the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle bones">oracle bones</a> dating from the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late Shang</a> king <a href="/wiki/Wu_Ding" title="Wu Ding">Wu Ding</a>. Moreover, the chapters dealing with the earliest periods are the closest in language and focus to classical works of the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001133–135_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001133–135-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The five announcements in the Documents of Zhou feature the most archaic language, closely resembling inscriptions found on Western Zhou bronzes in both grammar and vocabulary. They are considered by most scholars to record speeches of <a href="/wiki/King_Cheng_of_Zhou" title="King Cheng of Zhou">King Cheng of Zhou</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Zhou" title="Duke of Zhou">Duke of Zhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Shao" title="Duke of Shao">Duke of Shao</a>, uncles of King Cheng who were key figures during his reign (late 11th century BC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1999294_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1999294-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001133_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001133-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide insight into the politics and ideology of the period, including the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_of_Heaven" title="Mandate of Heaven">Mandate of Heaven</a>, explaining how the once-virtuous Xia had become corrupt and were replaced by the virtuous Shang, who went through a similar cycle ending in their replacement by the Zhou.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1999294–295_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1999294–295-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Timber of Rottlera", "Numerous Officers", "Against Luxurious Ease" and "Numerous Regions" chapters are believed to have been written somewhat later, in the late Western Zhou period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001133_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001133-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A minority of scholars, pointing to differences in language between the announcements and Zhou bronzes, argue that all of these chapters are products of a commemorative tradition in the late Western Zhou or early Spring and Autumn periods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKern2009146,_182–188_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKern2009146,_182–188-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVogelsang2002196–197_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVogelsang2002196–197-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chapters dealing with the late Shang and the transition to Zhou use less archaic language. They are believed to have been modelled on the earlier speeches by writers in the Spring and Autumn period, a time of renewed interest in politics and dynastic decline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001133_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001133-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1999105_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1999105-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later chapters of the Zhou section are also believed to have been written around this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993380_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993380-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Gaozong Rongri" chapter comprises only 82 characters, and its interpretation was already disputed in Western Han commentaries. Pointing to the similarity of its title to formulas found in the Anyang <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle bone inscriptions">oracle bone inscriptions</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Shepherd_Nivison" title="David Shepherd Nivison">David Nivison</a> proposed that the chapter was written or recorded by a collateral descendant of <a href="/wiki/Wu_Ding" title="Wu Ding">Wu Ding</a> in the late Shang period some time after 1140 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENivison201822–23,_27–28_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENivison201822–23,_27–28-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Pan Geng" chapter (later divided into three parts) seems to be intermediate in style between this group and the next.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001134_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001134-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the longest speech in the <i>Documents</i>, and is unusual in its extensive use of analogy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShih2013818–819_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShih2013818–819-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars since the Tang dynasty have noted the difficult language of the "Pan Geng" and the Zhou Announcement chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing the archaic language and worldview, Chinese scholars have argued for a Shang dynasty provenance for the "Pan Geng" chapters, with considerable editing and replacement of the vocabulary by Zhou dynasty authors accounting for the difference in language from Shang inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The chapters dealing with the legendary emperors, the Xia dynasty and the transition to Shang are very similar in language to such classics as the <i>Mencius</i> (late 4th century BC). They present idealized rulers, with the earlier political concerns subordinate to moral and cosmological theory, and are believed to be the products of philosophical schools of the late Warring States period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis1999105_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis1999105-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001134_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001134-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some chapters, particularly the "Tribute of Yu", may be as late as the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENylan2001134,_158_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENylan2001134,_158-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993378_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaughnessy1993378-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_in_the_West">Influence in the West</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence in the West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Jesuit scholars prepared the first translations of Chinese Classics into Latin, they called the <i>Documents</i> the "Book of Kings", making a parallel with the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. They saw <a href="/wiki/Shang_Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Shang Di">Shang Di</a> as the equivalent of the Christian God, and used passages from the <i>Documents</i> in their commentaries on other works.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_translations">Notable translations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Gaubil" title="Antoine Gaubil">Gaubil, Antoine</a> (1770). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lechoukingundes00conggoog"><i>Le Chou-king, un des livres sacrés des Chinois, qui renferme les fondements de leur ancienne histoire, les principes de leur gouvernement & de leur morale; ouvrage recueilli par Confucius</i></a> [<i>The Shūjīng, one of the Sacred Books of the Chinese, which contains the Foundations of their Ancient History, the Principles of their Government and their Morality; Material collected by Confucius</i>] (in French). Paris: N. M. Tillard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Chou-king%2C+un+des+livres+sacr%C3%A9s+des+Chinois%2C+qui+renferme+les+fondements+de+leur+ancienne+histoire%2C+les+principes+de+leur+gouvernement+%26+de+leur+morale%3B+ouvrage+recueilli+par+Confucius&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=N.+M.+Tillard&rft.date=1770&rft.aulast=Gaubil&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flechoukingundes00conggoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Henry_Medhurst" title="Walter Henry Medhurst">Medhurst, W. H.</a> (1846). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientchinasho00chingoog"><i>Ancient China. The Shoo King or the Historical Classic</i></a>. Shanghai: The Mission Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+China.+The+Shoo+King+or+the+Historical+Classic&rft.place=Shanghai&rft.pub=The+Mission+Press&rft.date=1846&rft.aulast=Medhurst&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientchinasho00chingoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Legge" title="James Legge">Legge, James</a> (1865). <i>The Chinese Classics, volume III: the Shoo King or the Book of Historical Documents</i>. London: Trubner.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+Classics%2C+volume+III%3A+the+Shoo+King+or+the+Book+of+Historical+Documents&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Trubner&rft.date=1865&rft.aulast=Legge&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span>; rpt. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960. (Full Chinese text with English translation using Legge's own romanization system, with extensive background and annotations.) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics07legggoog">part 1</a>: Prolegomena and chapters 1–26 (up to books of Shang)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics01minggoog">part 2</a>: chapters 27–58 (books of Zhou), indexes</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Legge, James (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofch03conf"><i>The Shû king; The religious portions of the Shih king; The Hsiâo king</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Books_of_the_East" title="Sacred Books of the East">Sacred Books of the East</a>. Vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sh%C3%BB+king%3B+The+religious+portions+of+the+Shih+king%3B+The+Hsi%C3%A2o+king&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Sacred+Books+of+the+East&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Legge&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsacredbooksofch03conf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span> Includes a minor revision of Legge's translation.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9raphin_Couvreur" title="Séraphin Couvreur">Couvreur, Séraphin</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/chine_ancienne/B_livres_canoniques_Grands_Kings/B_03_Chou_king/Chou_king.html"><i>Chou King, Les Annales de la Chine</i></a> [<i>Shujing, the Annals of China</i>] (in French). Hokkien: Mission Catholique.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chou+King%2C+Les+Annales+de+la+Chine&rft.place=Hokkien&rft.pub=Mission+Catholique&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Couvreur&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9raphin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassiques.uqac.ca%2Fclassiques%2Fchine_ancienne%2FB_livres_canoniques_Grands_Kings%2FB_03_Chou_king%2FChou_king.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span> Reprinted (1999), Paris: You Feng.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Karlgren" title="Bernhard Karlgren">Karlgren, Bernhard</a> (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Bulletin22">"The Book of Documents"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities</i>. <b>22</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Bulletin22/page/n8">1</a>–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Museum+of+Far+Eastern+Antiquities&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Documents&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=1-81&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Karlgren&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FBulletin22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span> (Modern Script chapters only) Reprinted as a separate volume by Elanders in 1950.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Katō, Jōken <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">加藤常賢</span></span> (1964). <i>Shin kobun Shōsho shūshaku</i> <bdi lang="ja">真古文尚書集釈</bdi> [<i>Authentic 'Old Text' Shàngshū, with Collected Commentary</i>] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Meiji shoin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shin+kobun+Sh%C5%8Dsho+sh%C5%ABshaku+%E7%9C%9F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E9%87%88&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Meiji+shoin&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Kat%C5%8D&rft.aufirst=J%C5%8Dken+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%8A%A0%E8%97%A4%E5%B8%B8%E8%B3%A2%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Mandarin Chinese)</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Qu, Wanli <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">屈萬里</span></span> (1969). <i>Shàngshū jīnzhù jīnyì</i> <bdi lang="zh">尚書今注今譯</bdi> [<i>The Book of Documents, with Modern Annotations and Translation</i>]. Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sh%C3%A0ngsh%C5%AB+j%C4%ABnzh%C3%B9+j%C4%ABny%C3%AC+%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%E4%BB%8A%E6%B3%A8%E4%BB%8A%E8%AD%AF&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Taiwan+shangwu+yinshuguan&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Qu&rft.aufirst=Wanli+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%B1%88%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Waltham, Clae (1971). <i>Shu ching: Book of History. A Modernized Edition of the Translation of James Legge</i>. Chicago: Henry Regnery.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shu+ching%3A+Book+of+History.+A+Modernized+Edition+of+the+Translation+of+James+Legge&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Henry+Regnery&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Waltham&rft.aufirst=Clae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ikeda, Suitoshi <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">池田末利</span></span> (1976). <i>Shōsho</i> <bdi lang="ja">尚書</bdi> [<i>Shàngshū</i>] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shūeisha.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sh%C5%8Dsho+%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Sh%C5%ABeisha&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=Suitoshi+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E6%B1%A0%E7%94%B0%E6%9C%AB%E5%88%A9%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Martin; Ramsay, Jay; Finlay, Victoria (2014). <i>The Most Venerable Book (Shang Shu) also known as the Shu Jing (The Classic of Chronicles)</i>. London: Penguin Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Most+Venerable+Book+%28Shang+Shu%29+also+known+as+the+Shu+Jing+%28The+Classic+of+Chronicles%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Ramsay%2C+Jay&rft.au=Finlay%2C+Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Or simply as the <i><b>Shujing</b></i> or <i><b>Shangshu</b></i> (<span lang="zh">尚书</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shàngshū</span></i>; 'Venerated Documents')</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Han_Yu" title="Han Yu">Han Yu</a> used the idiom <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">佶屈聱牙</span></span> (roughly meaning 'unflowing' and 'difficult to say') to describe the Zhou 'Announcements' and the Yin (Shang) 'Pan Geng'.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxterSagart2014327–378-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxterSagart2014327–378_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaxterSagart2014">Baxter & Sagart (2014)</a>, pp. 327–378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Later_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Later Han"> <bdi lang="zh">後漢書</bdi></a> [<i>Book of Later Han</i>] (in Chinese). Taipei: Dingwen shuju. 1981. p. 79.2556.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pages=79.2556&rft.pub=Dingwen+shuju&rft.date=1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liu Qiyu (劉起釪) (2018). <bdi lang="zh">尚書學史</bdi> (in Chinese) (2nd ed.). 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href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Meynard, Thierry (2015). <i>The Jesuit Reading of Confucius : The First Complete Translation of the Lunyu (1687) Published in the West</i>. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28977-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-28977-2"><bdi>978-90-04-28977-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jesuit+Reading+of+Confucius+%3A+The+First+Complete+Translation+of+the+Lunyu+%281687%29+Published+in+the+West&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-28977-2&rft.aulast=Meynard&rft.aufirst=Thierry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan2011" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Allan" title="Sarah Allan">Allan, Sarah</a> (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zo.uni-heidelberg.de/md/zo/eascm/eascm_news_4.pdf">"What is a <i>shu 書</i>?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>EASCM Newsletter</i> (4): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EASCM+Newsletter&rft.atitle=What+is+a+shu+%E6%9B%B8%3F&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zo.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fmd%2Fzo%2Feascm%2Feascm_news_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan2012" class="citation cs2">——— (2012), "On <i>Shu</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">書</span></span> (Documents) and the origin of the <i>Shang shu</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尚書</span></span> (Ancient Documents) in light of recently discovered bamboo slip manuscripts", <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>, <b>75</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">547–</span>557, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X12000547">10.1017/S0041977X12000547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=On+Shu+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E6%9B%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text+%28Documents%29+and+the+origin+of+the+Shang+shu+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text+%28Ancient+Documents%29+in+light+of+recently+discovered+bamboo+slip+manuscripts&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E547-%3C%2Fspan%3E557&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X12000547&rft.aulast=Allan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxterSagart2014" class="citation book cs1">Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent (2014). <i>Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction</i>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-994537-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-994537-5"><bdi>978-0-19-994537-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Chinese%3A+A+New+Reconstruction&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-994537-5&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft.au=Sagart%2C+Laurent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks2011" class="citation cs2">Brooks, E. Bruce (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umass.edu/wsp/sinica/wsp2-087-090.pdf">"The Shu"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Warring States Papers</i>, <b>2</b>: <span class="nowrap">87–</span>90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warring+States+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Shu&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=E.+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umass.edu%2Fwsp%2Fsinica%2Fwsp2-087-090.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElman1983" class="citation cs2">Elman, Benjamin A. (1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~elman/documents/PHILOSOPHY_(I-LI)_VERSUS_PHILOLOGY_(K'AO-CHENG)--THE_JEN-HSIN_TAO-HSIN_DEBATE.pdf">"Philosophy (<i>i-li</i>) versus philology (<i>k'ao-cheng</i>)—the <i>jen-hsin Tao-hsin</i> debate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/T%27oung_Pao" title="T'oung Pao">T'oung Pao</a></i>, <b>69</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">175–</span>222, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156853283x00081">10.1163/156853283x00081</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4528296">4528296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%27oung+Pao&rft.atitle=Philosophy+%28i-li%29+versus+philology+%28k%27ao-cheng%29%E2%80%94the+jen-hsin+Tao-hsin+debate&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156853283x00081&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4528296%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Elman&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~elman%2Fdocuments%2FPHILOSOPHY_%28I-LI%29_VERSUS_PHILOLOGY_%28K%27AO-CHENG%29--THE_JEN-HSIN_TAO-HSIN_DEBATE.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKern2009" class="citation cs2">Kern, Martin (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~mkern/Ancestors.pdf">"Bronze inscriptions, the <i>Shijing</i> and the <i>Shangshu</i>: the evolution of the ancestral sacrifice during the Western Zhou"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Lagerwey, John; Kalinowski, Marc (eds.), <i>Early Chinese Religion, Part One: Shang Through Han (1250 BC to 220 AD)</i>, Leiden: Brill, pp. <span class="nowrap">143–</span>200, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16835-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16835-0"><bdi>978-90-04-16835-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bronze+inscriptions%2C+the+Shijing+and+the+Shangshu%3A+the+evolution+of+the+ancestral+sacrifice+during+the+Western+Zhou&rft.btitle=Early+Chinese+Religion%2C+Part+One%3A+Shang+Through+Han+%281250+BC+to+220+AD%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16835-0&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~mkern%2FAncestors.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1999" class="citation cs2">Lewis, Mark Edward (1999), <i>Writing and authority in early China</i>, SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4114-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-4114-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-4114-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+and+authority+in+early+China&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-4114-5&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Mark+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiao2001" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liao, Mingchun (2001), <i>A Preliminary Study on the Newly-unearthed Bamboo Inscriptions of the Chu Kingdom: An Investigation of the Materials from and about the Shangshu in the Guodian Chu Slips</i> (in Chinese), Taipei: Taiwan Guji Publishing Co., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/957-0414-59-6" title="Special:BookSources/957-0414-59-6"><bdi>957-0414-59-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Preliminary+Study+on+the+Newly-unearthed+Bamboo+Inscriptions+of+the+Chu+Kingdom%3A+An+Investigation+of+the+Materials+from+and+about+the+Shangshu+in+the+Guodian+Chu+Slips&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pub=Taiwan+Guji+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=957-0414-59-6&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.aufirst=Mingchun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNivison2018" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Shepherd_Nivison" title="David Shepherd Nivison">Nivison, David S.</a> (2018) [1984], "The King and the Bird: a Possible Genuine Shang Literary Text and Its Echoes in Later Philosophy and Religion", in Schwartz, Adam C. (ed.), <i>The Nivison Annals : Selected Works of David S. Nivison on Early Chinese Chronology, Astronomy, and Historiography</i>, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. <span class="nowrap">22–</span>28, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781501505393-003">10.1515/9781501505393-003</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5015-0539-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5015-0539-3"><bdi>978-1-5015-0539-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+King+and+the+Bird%3A+a+Possible+Genuine+Shang+Literary+Text+and+Its+Echoes+in+Later+Philosophy+and+Religion&rft.btitle=The+Nivison+Annals+%3A+Selected+Works+of+David+S.+Nivison+on+Early+Chinese+Chronology%2C+Astronomy%2C+and+Historiography&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781501505393-003&rft.isbn=978-1-5015-0539-3&rft.aulast=Nivison&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNylan1995" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nylan" title="Michael Nylan">Nylan, Michael</a> (1995), "The <i>Ku Wen</i> <i>Documents</i> in Han Times", <i>T'oung Pao</i>, <b>81</b> (1/3): <span class="nowrap">25–</span>50, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156853295x00024">10.1163/156853295x00024</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4528653">4528653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%27oung+Pao&rft.atitle=The+Ku+Wen+Documents+in+Han+Times&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1%2F3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E50&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156853295x00024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4528653%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nylan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNylan2001" class="citation cs2">——— (2001), <i>The Five "Confucian" Classics</i>, Yale University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08185-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08185-5"><bdi>978-0-300-08185-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+%22Confucian%22+Classics&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08185-5&rft.aulast=Nylan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaberg2001" class="citation cs2">Schaberg, David (2001), <i>A patterned past: form and thought in early Chinese historiography</i>, Harvard Univ Asia Center, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00861-8"><bdi>978-0-674-00861-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+patterned+past%3A+form+and+thought+in+early+Chinese+historiography&rft.pub=Harvard+Univ+Asia+Center&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00861-8&rft.aulast=Schaberg&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaughnessy1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Shaughnessy" title="Edward L. Shaughnessy">Shaughnessy, Edward L.</a> (1993). "<i>Shang shu</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尚書</span></span>". In Loewe, Michael (ed.). <i>Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide</i>. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley. pp. <span class="nowrap">376–</span>389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55729-043-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55729-043-4"><bdi>978-1-55729-043-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shang+shu+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text&rft.btitle=Early+Chinese+Texts%3A+A+Bibliographical+Guide&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E376-%3C%2Fspan%3E389&rft.pub=Society+for+the+Study+of+Early+China%3B+Institute+for+East+Asian+Studies%2C+University+of+California+Berkeley&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-55729-043-4&rft.aulast=Shaughnessy&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaughnessy1999" class="citation cs2">——— (1999), "Western Zhou history", in Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (eds.), <a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_Ancient_China" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge History of Ancient China"><i>The Cambridge History of Ancient China</i></a>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">292–</span>351, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47030-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47030-8"><bdi>978-0-521-47030-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Western+Zhou+history&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Ancient+China&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E292-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-47030-8&rft.aulast=Shaughnessy&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaughnessy2006" class="citation cs2">——— (2006), <i>Rewriting early Chinese texts</i>, SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6643-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-6643-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-6643-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rewriting+early+Chinese+texts&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-6643-8&rft.aulast=Shaughnessy&rft.aufirst=Edward+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShih2013" class="citation cs2">Shih, Hsiang-lin (2013), "<i>Shang shu</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">尚書</span></span> (Hallowed writings of antiquity)", in Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.), <i>Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature (vol. 2): A Reference Guide, Part Two Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 4 China</i>, BRILL, pp. <span class="nowrap">814–</span>830, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20164-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20164-4"><bdi>978-90-04-20164-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shang+shu+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text+%28Hallowed+writings+of+antiquity%29&rft.btitle=Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+Chinese+Literature+%28vol.+2%29%3A+A+Reference+Guide%2C+Part+Two+Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+4+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E814-%3C%2Fspan%3E830&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20164-4&rft.aulast=Shih&rft.aufirst=Hsiang-lin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogelsang2002" class="citation cs2">Vogelsang, Kai (2002), "Inscriptions and proclamations: on the authenticity of the 'gao' chapters in the <i>Book of Documents</i>", <i>Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities</i>, <b>74</b>: <span class="nowrap">138–</span>209.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Museum+of+Far+Eastern+Antiquities&rft.atitle=Inscriptions+and+proclamations%3A+on+the+authenticity+of+the+%27gao%27+chapters+in+the+Book+of+Documents&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E209&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Vogelsang&rft.aufirst=Kai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Endymion_Porter_Wilkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Endymion Porter Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Endymion</a> (2000), <i>Chinese history: a manual</i> (2nd ed.), Harvard Univ Asia Center, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00249-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00249-4"><bdi>978-0-674-00249-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+history%3A+a+manual&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Harvard+Univ+Asia+Center&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-674-00249-4&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Documents" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Documents&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Chinese <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="zh" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E5%B0%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="s:zh:尚書"><i>Book of Documents</i></a></b> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/shang-shu"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">《尚書》</span></span> – <i>Shang Shu</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Text_Project" title="Chinese Text Project">Chinese Text Project</a>, including both the Chinese text and Legge's English translation (emended to employ pinyin)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religiondatabase.org/browse/1062/#/">Shangshu</a> at the Database of Religious History.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807130610/http://www.chinapage.com/confucius/classic/english.html">Selections from Legge's <i>Shu Jing</i></a> (also emended)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11378/">Annotated Edition of <i>The Book of Documents</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinesenotes.com/shangshu.html"><i>Book of Documents</i> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">《尚書》</span></span></a> Chinese text with matching English vocabulary at chinesenotes.com</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Book of Documents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou" title="Rites of Zhou">Rites of Zhou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_and_Ceremonial" title="Etiquette and Ceremonial">Etiquette and Ceremonial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Rites" title="Book of Rites">Book of Rites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zuo_zhuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuo zhuan">Commentary of Zuo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongyang_Zhuan" title="Gongyang Zhuan">Commentary of Gongyang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guliang_Zhuan" title="Guliang Zhuan">Commentary of Guliang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Analects" title="Analects">Analects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erya" title="Erya">Erya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_of_Filial_Piety" title="Classic of Filial Piety">Classic of Filial Piety</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mencius_(book)" title="Mencius (book)">Mencius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">San Bai Qian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Character_Classic" title="Three Character Classic">Three Character Classic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Family_Surnames" title="Hundred Family Surnames">Hundred Family Surnames</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Character_Classic" title="Thousand Character Classic">Thousand Character Classic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Military_Classics" title="Seven Military Classics">Seven Military Classics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Methods_of_the_Sima" title="The Methods of the Sima">The Methods of the Sima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Secret_Teachings" title="Six Secret Teachings">Six Secret Teachings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wei_Liaozi" title="Wei Liaozi">Wei Liaozi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wuzi" title="Wuzi">Wu Zi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Strategies_of_Huang_Shigong" title="Three Strategies of Huang Shigong">Three Strategies of Huang Shigong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Questions_and_Replies_between_Tang_Taizong_and_Li_Weigong" title="Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong">Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Mathematics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_on_Numbers_and_Computation" title="Book on Numbers and Computation">Book on Numbers and Computation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nine_Chapters_on_the_Mathematical_Art" title="The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art">The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhoubi_Suanjing" title="Zhoubi Suanjing">Zhoubi Suanjing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shushu_Jiyi" title="Shushu Jiyi">Shushu Jiyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haidao_Suanjing" title="Haidao Suanjing">Haidao Suanjing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunzi_Suanjing" title="Sunzi Suanjing">Sunzi Suanjing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Computational_Canons" title="Ten Computational Canons">Ten Computational Canons</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_Hu_Tong" title="Bai Hu Tong">Bai Hu Tong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographies_of_Exemplary_Women" title="Biographies of Exemplary Women">Biographies of Exemplary Women</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_of_Music" title="Classic of Music">Classic of Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Books_for_Women" title="Four Books for Women">Four Books for Women</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lessons_for_Women" title="Lessons for Women">Lessons for Women</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kongzi_Jiayu" title="Kongzi Jiayu">School Sayings of Confucius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twenty-four_Filial_Exemplars" title="The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars">The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(book)" title="Xunzi (book)">Xunzi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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