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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μεγάλη Ανατολή της Ιταλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλη Ανατολή της Ιταλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Oriente_de_Italia" title="Gran Oriente de Italia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Oriente de Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Oriento_de_Italio" title="Granda Oriento de Italio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Granda Oriento de Italio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Orient_d%27Italie" title="Grand Orient d'Italie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grand Orient d'Italie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_orijent_Italije" title="Veliki orijent Italije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Veliki orijent Italije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia" title="Grande Oriente d'Italia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grande Oriente d'Italia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%E2%80%99Italia" title="Grande Oriente d’Italia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grande Oriente d’Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_Wsch%C3%B3d_W%C5%82och" title="Wielki Wschód Włoch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielki Wschód Włoch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Oriente_da_It%C3%A1lia" title="Grande Oriente da Itália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grande Oriente da Itália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_Orient_al_Italiei" title="Marele Orient al Italiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marele Orient al Italiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Великий восток Италии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великий восток Италии" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&params=41.8992_N_12.4753_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°53′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.8992°N 12.4753°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.8992; 12.4753</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian masonic grand lodge</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Grande Oriente d'Italia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia.png/220px-Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0d/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia.png 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1805<span class="noprint">; 219 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1805</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Masonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic">Masonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Il Vascello,<br /> Via San Pancrazio 8,<br /> 00152 Rome</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Italy</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Grand Master</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Antonio Seminario</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/">grandeoriente.it</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Orient">Grand Orient</a> of Italy</b> (<b>GOI</b>) (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Grande Oriente d'Italia</i>) is an Italian <a href="/wiki/Masonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic">masonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand lodge">grand lodge</a> founded in 1805; the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_of_Beauharnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene of Beauharnais">Eugene of Beauharnais</a> was instrumental in its establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was based at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Giustiniani,_Rome" title="Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome">Palazzo Giustiniani</a>, Rome, Italy from 1901 until 1985 and is now located at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_del_Vascello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa del Vascello (page does not exist)">Villa del Vascello</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_del_Vascello" class="extiw" title="it:Villa del Vascello">it</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its current <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Masonic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (Masonic)">Grand Master</a> is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Seminario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Seminario (page does not exist)">Antonio Seminario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Grand Orient had 22,675 members in 842 <a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">lodges</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a significant growth over the preceding three-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-Oggi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oggi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Grand Orient of Italy was founded in 1805, during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a>; the viceroy <a href="/wiki/Eugene_of_Beauharnais" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene of Beauharnais">Eugene of Beauharnais</a> was instrumental in its establishment. </p><p>Past <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(Masonic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (Masonic)">Grand Masters</a> have included: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Adriano Lemmi, 1885–96<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sculptor <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Ferrari" title="Ettore Ferrari">Ettore Ferrari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Volume_III_K_-_P_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volume_III_K_-_P-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Rome" title="Mayor of Rome">Mayor of Rome</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Nathan" title="Ernesto Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Freemasonry was suppressed by <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a> in 1925, being restarted after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, many people connected with the Italian Fascism were Freemasons: <a href="/wiki/Edmondo_Rossoni" title="Edmondo Rossoni">Edmondo Rossoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Araldo_di_Crollalanza" title="Araldo di Crollalanza">Araldo di Crollalanza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_De_Marsico" title="Alfredo De Marsico">Alfredo De Marsico</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peppino_Caradonna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peppino Caradonna (page does not exist)">Peppino Caradonna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardo_Barbiellini_Amidei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardo Barbiellini Amidei (page does not exist)">Bernardo Barbiellini Amidei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Finzi_(politician)" title="Aldo Finzi (politician)">Aldo Finzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balbino_Giuliano" title="Balbino Giuliano">Balbino Giuliano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Ciano" title="Costanzo Ciano">Costanzo Ciano</a>, father of <a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Galeazzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Beneduce" title="Alberto Beneduce">Alberto Beneduce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Acerbo" title="Giacomo Acerbo">Giacomo Acerbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezio_Maria_Gray" title="Ezio Maria Gray">Ezio Maria Gray</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armando_Casalini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armando Casalini (page does not exist)">Armando Casalini</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regularity">Regularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recognition by the <a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand Lodge of England</a> (UGLE) is a key factor in maintaining the status of a <a href="/wiki/Regular_Masonic_jurisdiction" title="Regular Masonic jurisdiction">Regular Masonic jurisdiction</a>. The Grand Orient of Italy was once a significant player within international Freemasonry, and in 1972 it was recognised as regular by UGLE.<sup id="cite_ref-What_was_the_P2_Lodge_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_was_the_P2_Lodge-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this recognition was withdrawn in 1993, due to accusations of corruption and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Mafia">Mafia</a> involvement. For thirty years, the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Italy">Regular Grand Lodge of Italy</a> was the only Italian Grand Lodge recognised by UGLE or the other home constitutions of Ireland and Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Grand Orient continued to be recognised by a large majority of the other regular masonic jurisdictions, both in Europe and worldwide. </p><p>This situation was highly unusual, in that most regular authorities recognised the Grand Orient, but its status was complicated by the lack of recognition from the three most senior jurisdictions, which normally give a lead in terms of international recognition. To further complicate the situation, the United Grand Lodge of England publicly stated that the Grand Orient of Italy was regular in both origins and practices, but that it must (at that time) remain unrecognised due to the issues surrounding alleged corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, this position was rectified in March 2023, when the United Grand Lodge of England agreed to re-recognise the Grand Orient of Italy alongside the Regular Grand Lodge of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">Propaganda Due</a>, the lodge that investigative journalists have identified as being implicated in the murder of <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Calvi" title="Roberto Calvi">Roberto Calvi</a>, was originally chartered by the Grand Orient, although the Grand Orient revoked its charter in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-What_was_the_P2_Lodge_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_was_the_P2_Lodge-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_grand_masters">List of grand masters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of grand masters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to Gustavo Raffi's grand mastership, two terms of five years was the maximum tenure for a grand master. This, however, was changed during Raffi's time, and his three-term grand mastership which began in 1999 ended in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Oggi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oggi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Name<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth-Death)</span> </th> <th colspan="2">Term </th> <th>Origin </th> <th>Occupation </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Beauharnais" title="Eugène de Beauharnais">Eugène de Beauharnais</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1781–1824)</span> </td> <td>1805 </td> <td>1814 </td> <td>Paris, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)#Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Viceroy of Italy</a> (1805–1814) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="6"><b>Lodge suppressed</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippo_Delpino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippo Delpino (page does not exist)">Filippo Delpino</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1779–1860)</span> </td> <td>20 December 1859 </td> <td>20 May 1860 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Piedmont-Sardinia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Patriot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Livio_Zambeccari" title="Livio Zambeccari">Livio Zambeccari</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1862)</span> </td> <td>21 May 1860 </td> <td>3 October 1861 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">Naturalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">patriot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Costantino_Nigra" title="Costantino Nigra">Costantino Nigra</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1828–1907)</span> </td> <td>8 October 1861 </td> <td>31 January 1862 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castelnuovo_Nigra" title="Castelnuovo Nigra">Castelnuovo</a>, Piedmont-Sardinia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Austria–Italy relations">Italian Ambassador to Austria-Hungary</a> (1885–1887) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Cordova" title="Filippo Cordova">Filippo Cordova</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1811–1868)</span> </td> <td>1 March 1862 </td> <td>6 August 1863 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aidone" title="Aidone">Aidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Justice">Minister of Justice</a> (1862) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celestino_Peroglio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celestino Peroglio (page does not exist)">Celestino Peroglio</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1824–1909)</span> </td> <td>6 August 1863 </td> <td>24 May 1864 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palestro" title="Palestro">Palestro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombardy–Venetia">Lombardy–Venetia</a> </td> <td>Teacher </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1807–1882)</span> </td> <td>24 May 1864 </td> <td>8 August 1864 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, Piedmont-Sardinia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Member of the Chamber of Deputies</a> (1861–1882) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_De_Luca_(1811-1875)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco De Luca (1811-1875) (page does not exist)">Francesco De Luca</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1811–1875)</span> </td> <td>September 1864 </td> <td>20 June 1867 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardinale,_Calabria" title="Cardinale, Calabria">Cardinale</a>, Kingdom of Naples </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Member of the Chamber of Deputies</a> (1861–1874) </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Cordova" title="Filippo Cordova">Filippo Cordova</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1811–1868)</span> </td> <td>21 June 1867 </td> <td>2 August 1867 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aidone" title="Aidone">Aidone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Justice">Minister of Justice</a> (1867) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodovico_Frapolli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodovico Frapolli (page does not exist)">Lodovico Frapolli</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1815–1878)</span> </td> <td>2 August 1867 </td> <td>7 September 1870 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Lombardy–Venetia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Member of the Chamber of Deputies</a> (1860–1874) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Mazzoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Mazzoni (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Mazzoni</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1808–1880)</span> </td> <td>7 September 1870 </td> <td>11 May 1880 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a> </td> <td>Founder of <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_Due" title="Propaganda Due">P2</a>; <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senator of the Kingdom</a> (1876–1880) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Petroni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Petroni (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Petroni</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1812–1888)</span> </td> <td>12 May 1880 </td> <td>16 January 1885 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Papal States </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriano_Lemmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriano Lemmi (page does not exist)">Adriano Lemmi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1822–1906)</span> </td> <td>17 January 1885 </td> <td>31 May 1896 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, Tuscany </td> <td>Banker, businessman </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Nathan" title="Ernesto Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1845–1921)</span> </td> <td>1 June 1896 </td> <td>14 February 1904 </td> <td>London, UK </td> <td>Co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Dante Alighieri Society</a>; later <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Rome" title="Mayor of Rome">Mayor of Rome</a> (1907–1913) </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Ferrari" title="Ettore Ferrari">Ettore Ferrari</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1845–1929)</span> </td> <td>15 February 1904 </td> <td>25 November 1917 </td> <td>Rome, Papal States </td> <td>Sculptor </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Nathan" title="Ernesto Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1845–1921)</span> </td> <td>26 November 1917 </td> <td>22 June 1919 </td> <td>London, UK </td> <td>Co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri_Society" title="Dante Alighieri Society">Dante Alighieri Society</a>; later <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Rome" title="Mayor of Rome">Mayor of Rome</a> (1907–1913) </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domizio_Torrigiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domizio Torrigiani (page does not exist)">Domizio Torrigiani</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1876–1932)</span> </td> <td>23 June 1919 </td> <td>23 April 1927 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamporecchio" title="Lamporecchio">Lamporecchio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>/ </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Chiesa" title="Eugenio Chiesa">Eugenio Chiesa</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1863–1930)</span> </td> <td>12 January 1930 </td> <td>22 June 1930 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Member of the Chamber of Deputies</a> (1904–1929) </td></tr> <tr> <td>/ </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Labriola" title="Arturo Labriola">Arturo Labriola</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1873–1959)</span> </td> <td>23 June 1930 </td> <td>29 November 1931 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Member of the Chamber of Deputies</a> (1913–1929) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Tedeschi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Tedeschi (page does not exist)">Alessandro Tedeschi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1867–1940)</span> </td> <td>32 August 1932 </td> <td>19 August 1940 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, Italy </td> <td>Surgeon </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davide_Augusto_Albarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davide Augusto Albarin (page does not exist)">Davide Augusto Albarin</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1881–1959)</span> </td> <td>19 August 1940 </td> <td>10 June 1944 </td> <td>Paris, <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Second Empire">French Empire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">Anti-fascist</a> activist </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Laj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Laj (page does not exist)">Guido Laj</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1880–1948)</span> </td> <td>18 September 1945 </td> <td>5 November 1948 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>, Italy </td> <td>Journalist, politician </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugo_Lenzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugo Lenzi (page does not exist)">Ugo Lenzi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1875–1953)</span> </td> <td>19 March 1949 </td> <td>21 April 1953 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Publio_Cortini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publio Cortini (page does not exist)">Publio Cortini</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1895–1969)</span> </td> <td>4 October 1953 </td> <td>27 September 1956 </td> <td>Rome, Italy </td> <td>Businessman, engineer </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Cipollone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Cipollone (page does not exist)">Umberto Cipollone</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1883–1960)</span> </td> <td>30 November 1957 </td> <td>28 May 1960 † </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanciano" title="Lanciano">Lanciano</a>, Italy </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Tron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Tron (page does not exist)">Giorgio Tron</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1884–1963)</span> </td> <td>29 May 1960 </td> <td>28 April 1961 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Villar_Pellice" title="Villar Pellice">Villar Pellice</a>, Italy </td> <td>Surgeon </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giordano_Gamberini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giordano Gamberini (page does not exist)">Giordano Gamberini</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1915–2003)</span> </td> <td>17 July 1961 </td> <td>21 March 1970 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>, Italy </td> <td>Writer, politician </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lino_Salvini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lino Salvini (page does not exist)">Lino Salvini</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–1982)</span> </td> <td>22 March 1970 </td> <td>18 November 1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy </td> <td>Writer, politician </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ennio_Battelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ennio Battelli (page does not exist)">Ennio Battelli</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1919–1984)</span> </td> <td>18 November 1978 </td> <td>27 March 1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a>, Italy </td> <td>Businessman, <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">military officer</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armando_Corona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armando Corona (page does not exist)">Armando Corona</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1921–2009)</span> </td> <td>28 March 1982 </td> <td>10 March 1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Villaputzu" title="Villaputzu">Villaputzu</a>, Italy </td> <td>Businessman, politician </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuliano_Di_Bernardo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuliano Di Bernardo (page does not exist)">Giuliano Di Bernardo</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–)</span> </td> <td>11 March 1990 </td> <td>16 April 1993 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penne,_Abruzzo" title="Penne, Abruzzo">Penne</a>, Italy </td> <td>Philosopher, writer </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgilio_Gaito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgilio Gaito (page does not exist)">Virgilio Gaito</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1930–)</span> </td> <td>18 December 1993 </td> <td>21 March 1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Raffi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavo Raffi (page does not exist)">Gustavo Raffi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1944–)</span> </td> <td>21 March 1999 </td> <td>6 April 2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagnacavallo" title="Bagnacavallo">Bagnacavallo</a>, Italy </td> <td>Lawyer </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefano_Bisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefano Bisi (page does not exist)">Stefano Bisi</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1957–)</span> </td> <td>6 April 2014 </td> <td>6 April 2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a>, Italy </td> <td>Journalist, writer </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td align="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Seminario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio Seminario (page does not exist)">Antonio Seminario</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1958–)</span> </td> <td>6 April 2024 </td> <td>"incumbent" </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crosia" title="Crosia">Crosia</a>, Italy </td> <td>Businessman </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Nel 1805 fu costituito il Grande Oriente d’Italia." Tran. "In 1805 the Grand Orient of Italy was founded." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/stor1.htm">La storia 1805–1860</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220220706/http://www.grandeoriente.it/stor1.htm">Archived</a> December 20, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/">GOI Official website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Headquarters <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/en/il-vascello/">detailed.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See section "Government", on GOI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/en/about-us/">about us</a> page.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/en/about-us/">Members & Lodges</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oggi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oggi_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oggi_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPonziano,_Giorgio2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ponziano, Giorgio (30 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italiaoggi.it/giornali/dettaglio_giornali.asp?preview=false&accessMode=FA&id=1764673&codiciTestate=1">"Tremila massoni al Palacongresso"</a> [Three thousand Masons at Palacongresso]. <i><a href="/wiki/Italia_Oggi" title="Italia Oggi">Italia Oggi</a></i> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131815/http://www.italiaoggi.it/giornali/dettaglio_giornali.asp?preview=false&accessMode=FA&id=1764673&codiciTestate=1">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Italia+Oggi&rft.atitle=Tremila+massoni+al+Palacongresso&rft.date=2012-03-30&rft.au=Ponziano%2C+Giorgio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiaoggi.it%2Fgiornali%2Fdettaglio_giornali.asp%3Fpreview%3Dfalse%26accessMode%3DFA%26id%3D1764673%26codiciTestate%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Orient+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/garibaldi_g/garibaldi.html">Garibaldi — the mason</a> Translated from <i>Giuseppe Garibaldi Massone</i> by the Grand Orient of Italy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aldo Alessandro Mola “<i>Masons in Italy: The Borderland Between Fanaticism and Liberty</i>”. Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña (REHMLAC). ISSN 1659-4223. p. 233</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Volume_III_K_-_P-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Volume_III_K_-_P_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry "Giuseppe Mazzini" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/10,000_famous_freemasons/Volume_3_K_to_P.htm">Volume III K – P</a> of <i>10,000 Famous Freemasons</i>, William R. Denslow, 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nathan, Ernesto"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Nathan,_Ernesto">"Nathan, Ernesto" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 1059.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nathan%2C+Ernesto&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=1059&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Orient+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021103626/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,922553,00.html?promoid=googlep">Centuries of Secrecy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, June 8, 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcello_Veneziani" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcello_Veneziani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcello Veneziani (page does not exist)">Marcello Veneziani</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-marcelloveneziani-com.translate.goog/articoli/allarmi-siam-fascisti-anzi-massoni/?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=it&_x_tr_pto=wapp">"To arms we are fascists, indeed Freemasons"</a> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=To+arms+we+are+fascists%2C+indeed+Freemasons&rft.au=Marcello+Veneziani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-marcelloveneziani-com.translate.goog%2Farticoli%2Fallarmi-siam-fascisti-anzi-massoni%2F%3F_x_tr_sl%3Dit%26_x_tr_tl%3Den%26_x_tr_hl%3Dit%26_x_tr_pto%3Dwapp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Orient+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-What_was_the_P2_Lodge-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-What_was_the_P2_Lodge_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-What_was_the_P2_Lodge_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/anti-masonry01.html#p2">What was the P2 Lodge?</a>, Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/">Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205043331/http://www.ugle.org.uk/about-ugle/recognised-foreign-grand-lodges/grand-lodges-in-europe/">"United Grand Lodge of England » Europe"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugle.org.uk/about-ugle/recognised-foreign-grand-lodges/grand-lodges-in-europe/">the original</a> on 5 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Grand+Lodge+of+England+%C2%BB+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugle.org.uk%2Fabout-ugle%2Frecognised-foreign-grand-lodges%2Fgrand-lodges-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Orient+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span> UGLE: Recognised Grand Lodges in Europe</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618212048/https://www.freemasonrytoday.com/more-news/international/tag/Grand%20Orient%20of%20Italy">"Grand Lodge of Albania is recognised"</a>. United Grand Lodge of England. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemasonrytoday.com/more-news/international/tag/Grand%20Orient%20of%20Italy">the original</a> on 18 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>UGLE...has publicly stated that it accepts the Grand Orient's regularity of origin...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grand+Lodge+of+Albania+is+recognised&rft.pub=United+Grand+Lodge+of+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemasonrytoday.com%2Fmore-news%2Finternational%2Ftag%2FGrand%2520Orient%2520of%2520Italy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Orient+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugle.org.uk/about-us/foreign-grand-lodges">"United Grand Lodge of England » Foreign Grand Lodges"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Grand+Lodge+of+England+%C2%BB+Foreign+Grand+Lodges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugle.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fforeign-grand-lodges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Orient+of+Italy" class="Z3988"></span> UGLE: Recognised Grand Lodges in Europe</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Enrico Simoni, <i>Bibliografia della Massoneria in Italia</i>, Foggia, Edizioni Bastogi, 1° volume 1992 (3471 schede), 2° volume 1993 (indici sistematici degli articoli delle Riviste massoniche del dopoguerra; 3762 schede), 1° volume di aggiornamento 1997 (schede da 3472 a 4584), 3° volume 2006 (indici sistematici degli articoli della "Rivista della Massoneria Italiana" e della "Rivista Massonica"; 1870–1926; 6478 schede), 2° volume di aggiornamento 2010 (schede da 4585 a 6648)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Orient_of_Italy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grandeoriente.it/">Official Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/GoiMassoneriaUfficiale/">Official Facebook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/GrandeOrienteit">Official Twitter</a></li></ul> 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Fraternal_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal organisation">Fraternal organisations</a> with origins in the United Kingdom in the 18th century, sorted by <a href="/wiki/Masonic_bodies" title="Masonic bodies">bodies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">lodges</a>, locations and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_rites" title="List of Masonic rites">rites</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_abbreviations" title="List of Masonic abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Reflection" title="Chamber of Reflection">Chamber of Reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freemasonry" title="History of Freemasonry">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge" title="Grand Lodge">Grand Lodge</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_Grand_Lodges" title="List of Masonic Grand Lodges">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_Landmarks" title="Masonic Landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_manuscripts" title="Masonic manuscripts">Manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_music" title="Masonic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_myths" title="Masonic myths">Masonic myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_rites" title="List of Masonic rites">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_ritual_and_symbolism" title="Masonic ritual and symbolism">Ritual and Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_lodge" title="Masonic lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_lodge" title="Research lodge">Research lodge</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Square_compasses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_compasses.svg/85px-Square_compasses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_compasses.svg/128px-Square_compasses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_compasses.svg/170px-Square_compasses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="852" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Square_and_Compasses" title="Square and Compasses">Square and<br />Compasses</a><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freemasons%27_Hall,_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG/85px-Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="85" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG/128px-Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG/170px-Freemasons%27_Hall%2C_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="1790" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_London" title="Freemasons' Hall, London">Freemasons' Hall</a>,<br />London,<br />headquarters (1775/1933-)<br />of the<br /><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand<br />Lodge of England</a> (1722-)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-American_Freemasonry" title="Anglo-American Freemasonry">Anglo-American<br />Freemasonry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Isles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England" title="United Grand Lodge of England">United Grand Lodge of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Scotland" title="Grand Lodge of Scotland">Grand Lodge of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Ireland" title="Grand Lodge of Ireland">Grand Lodge of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swedish Rite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Swedish Order of Freemasons">Swedish Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Danish Order of Freemasons">Danish Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Icelandic Order of Freemasons">Icelandic Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Order_of_Freemasons" title="Norwegian Order of Freemasons">Norwegian Order of Freemasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Spain">Grand Lodge of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Landlodge_of_the_Freemasons_of_Germany" title="Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany">Grand Landlodge of the Freemasons of Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Asia#Armenia" title="Freemasonry in Asia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Cyprus" title="Grand Lodge of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Grand Lodge of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Finland" title="Freemasonry in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Loge_Nationale_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Grande Loge Nationale Française">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_India" title="Grand Lodge of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodges_of_Germany" title="United Grand Lodges of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Italy">Regular Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Orient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Macedonia" title="Grand Lodge of Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Grand_Lodge_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Grand Lodge of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_the_Netherlands" title="Grand Orient of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_the_Philippines" title="Grand Lodge of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regular_Grand_Lodge_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Grand Lodge of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Grand_Lodge_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grand Lodge in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Russia" title="Grand Lodge of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_Alpina_of_Switzerland" title="Grand Lodge Alpina of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australia_and_New_Zealand" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia and New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_New_South_Wales_and_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory">United Grand Lodge of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_Zealand" title="Grand Lodge of New Zealand">Grand Lodge of New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Masonic_Grand_Lodges_in_North_America" title="History of Masonic Grand Lodges in North America">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Alabama" title="Grand Lodge of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_California" title="Grand Lodge of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Connecticut" title="Grand Lodge of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Idaho" title="Grand Lodge of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_Of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge Of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Indiana" title="Grand Lodge of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Kansas" title="Grand Lodge of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Kentucky" title="Grand Lodge of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Massachusetts" title="Grand Lodge of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Michigan" title="Grand Lodge of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Minnesota" title="Grand Lodge of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Missouri" title="Grand Lodge of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Nebraska" title="Grand Lodge of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_Jersey" title="Grand Lodge of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_Mexico" title="Grand Lodge of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_New_York" title="Grand Lodge of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_North_Dakota" title="Grand Lodge of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Ohio" title="Grand Lodge of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Pennsylvania" title="Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Tennessee" title="Grand Lodge of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Texas" title="Grand Lodge of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Virginia" title="Grand Lodge of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_West_Virginia" title="Grand Lodge of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Wisconsin" title="Grand Lodge of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_fraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American fraternities">African-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry" title="Prince Hall Freemasonry">Prince Hall Freemasonry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Manitoba" title="Grand Lodge of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Grand Lodge of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Canada_in_the_Province_of_Ontario" title="Grand Lodge of Canada in the Province of Ontario">Ontario</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Oriente_do_Brasil" title="Grande Oriente do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Chile" title="Grand Lodge of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Costa_Rica" title="Grand Lodge of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Grand Lodge of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Mexico" title="Freemasonry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry" title="Continental Freemasonry">Continental<br />Freemasonry</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Co-Freemasonry" title="Co-Freemasonry">Co-Freemasonry</a>,<br />including <a href="/wiki/Centre_de_Liaison_et_d%27Information_des_Puissances_ma%C3%A7onniques_Signataires_de_l%27Appel_de_Strasbourg" title="Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg">CLIPSAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Droit_Humain" title="Le Droit Humain">Le Droit Humain</a> <small>(several countries)</small></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Belgium" title="Grand Orient of Belgium">Grand Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Grand_Lodge_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Female Grand Lodge of Belgium">Female Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Belgium">Grand Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Denmark_of_Ancient_Free_%26_Accepted_Masons" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Denmark of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons">Denmark </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_Grand_Lodge_of_Spain" title="Symbolic Grand Lodge of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Catalonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Orient of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_de_France" title="Grand Orient de France">Grand Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Grand_Lodge_of_France" title="Mixed Grand Lodge of France">Mixed Grand Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serene_Grand_Orient_of_Greece" title="Serene Grand Orient of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Oriente_Ib%C3%A9rico" title="Grande Oriente Ibérico">Ibérico</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Oriente d'Italia">Grand Orient of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Loggia_d%27Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Loggia d'Italia">Grand Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_Grand_Lodge_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Female Grand Lodge of Italy">Female Grand Lodge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Lodge of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Poland" title="Grand Orient of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Portugal" title="Grand Orient of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Romania" title="Freemasonry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Grand_Lodge_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Grand Lodge of Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th id="Americas" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Co-Masonry" title="Universal Co-Masonry">Universal Co-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Venezuela" title="Freemasonry in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Freemasonry_in_North_America" title="Continental Freemasonry in North America">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_in_Canada" title="Freemasonry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Orient of Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fraternal_auxiliaries_and_side_degrees" title="List of fraternal auxiliaries and side degrees">Appendant Orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Denominational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Masonic_Degrees" title="Allied Masonic Degrees">Allied Masonic Degrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_College_of_Rites" title="Grand College of Rites">Grand College of Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Royal_Arch" title="Holy Royal Arch">Holy Royal Arch (Anglo-European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arch_Masonry" title="Royal Arch Masonry">Royal Arch Masonry (American)</a></li> <li>Order of Athelstan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Knight_Masons" title="Order of Knight Masons">Order of Knight Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mark_Master_Masons" title="Order of Mark Master Masons">Order of Mark Master Masons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Secret_Monitor" title="Order of the Secret Monitor">Order of the Scarlet Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Secret_Monitor" title="Order of the Secret Monitor">Order of the Secret Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Royal_and_Select_Masters" title="Order of Royal and Select Masters">Order of Royal and Select Masters (Anglo-European)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptic_Masonry" title="Cryptic Masonry">Cryptic Masonry (American)</a></li> <li>Royal Ark Mariners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">Shriners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian Only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Holy Royal Arch Knight Templar Priests</li> <li>Knights of the York Cross of Honour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar_(Freemasonry)" title="Knights Templar (Freemasonry)">Knights Templar</a></li> <li>Masonic Order of the Bath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Thomas_of_Acon" title="Order of Saint Thomas of Acon">Order of Saint Thomas of Acon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cross_of_Constantine" title="Red Cross of Constantine">Red Cross of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectified_Scottish_Rite" title="Rectified Scottish Rite">Reformed and Rectified Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Scotland" title="Royal Order of Scotland">Royal Order of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana_in_Anglia" title="Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia">S.R.I.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Order_of_Eri" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Order of Eri">Royal Order of Eri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societas_Rosicruciana" title="Societas Rosicruciana">Societas Rosicruciana</a></li> <li>Sovereign Order of Knights Preceptor</li> <li>York Rite Sovereign College</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rite" title="Scottish Rite">Ancient and Accepted<br />Scottish Rite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>USA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council,_Scottish_Rite,_Northern_Jurisdiction,_USA" title="Supreme Council, Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction, USA">Northern Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council,_Scottish_Rite_(Southern_Jurisdiction,_USA)" title="Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA)">Southern Jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Louisiana" title="Supreme Council of Louisiana">Supreme Council of Louisiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons" title="List of Freemasons">List of Freemasons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons_(A%E2%80%93D)" title="List of Freemasons (A–D)">A–D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons_(E%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of Freemasons (E–Z)">E–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_who_were_Freemasons" title="List of monarchs who were Freemasons">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_were_Freemasons" title="List of presidents of the United States who were Freemasons">US presidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemasonry_and_women" title="Freemasonry and women">Freemasonry and women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_buildings" title="List of Masonic buildings">Masonic Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Masonic_libraries" title="List of Masonic libraries">Libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-Masonry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_conspiracy_theories" title="Masonic conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory" title="Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory">Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Affair">Morgan Affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542974#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1542974#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2003082936">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13777995x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13777995x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007441661505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/061682446">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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