CINXE.COM
The Canadian Encyclopedia
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script async> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NT3GRKD'); </script> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NT3GRKD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Push user ID --> <script> if (document.querySelector('.mainUserSubMenu') !== null) { dataLayer.push({ 'userID': '' }); } </script> <script> const Laravel = { csrfToken: "LbsbjiTDZGfPwqPC6W2rgzRdK8M0KYWL95RJNOv6", locale: "en" }; </script> <title>The Canadian Encyclopedia</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/manifest.json"> <meta name="description" content="History, politics, arts, science & more: the Canadian Encyclopedia is your reference on Canada. Articles, timelines & resources for teachers, students & public."> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=f22552fe571739798798bb695565903f"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=f417df6dda9ce41f908afc590778f94b"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=3af0c2e4ca8c973438f91f44e7a58d6c"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=41438835e152256cf9b311eb7eb116c0"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-precomposed.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=91501eda47ce85d33e0feae1630a4e99"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=43adb2769c1827f1dda68db736544ec4"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=670a8df278b4101e8bf081d7b9ebb258"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=db581da4dde2d406e52a132691b14680"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=8d4920caa59ad54fb454f2cd80ebfc1c"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="36x36" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png?v=3e9842d534281da81a0f4b4c81a17592"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-48x48.png?v=7eb74dc9409ece0737d81a8ba5841bf7"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-72x72.png?v=3af0c2e4ca8c973438f91f44e7a58d6c"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="36x36" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png?v=3e9842d534281da81a0f4b4c81a17592"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="44x44" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/android-icon-44x44.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=a46206812744ada382bc23a1bc4f1357"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=a46206812744ada382bc23a1bc4f1357"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png?v=ff43d9c7c67bb75a3d9a471a65e6724f"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/manifest.json?v=de0c530598b698ec2dbe765b440b7479"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png')}}"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=45c5ae5e358dcde8acbbf3140859fb18" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=45c5ae5e358dcde8acbbf3140859fb18" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pentecostal-movement"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/pentecostal-movement"> <!-- preload fonts --> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-Roman.ttf?v=da5cf4834925266e3fe9373d7c20987a" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-Bold.ttf?v=3ad7881260304548a929a8add091efad" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-Italic.ttf?v=a670bc7591f940131b96c1427a8bfcf9" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/publico/Publico-BoldItalic.ttf?v=1e6ee343e8f0d8d4784e7adaf55be5ed" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Roman.ttf?v=c4ed2390b8880049113ca6b174e5393e" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Heavy.ttf?v=6880b7f440fee3d3d23778d295fda4fc" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Oblique.ttf?v=b934234a7cf41ebc3b0ed646c856d94a" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fonts/avenir/Avenir-HeavyOblique.ttf?v=86f5c8cc80dbc9fdac444dacf0798808" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <!-- end preload fonts --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/css/styles.css?v=d49542238e3b3e929d3830648a711e8e"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Trumbowyg/2.20.0/ui/trumbowyg.min.css"> <script> // Polyfill if IE11 var isIE11 = !!window.MSInputMethodContext && !!document.documentMode; if (isIE11) { document.write('<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js"><\/script>'); } if ('serviceWorker' in navigator ) { window.addEventListener('load', function() { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/service-worker.js').then(function(registration) { // Registration was successful console.log('ServiceWorker registration successful with scope: ', registration.scope); }, function(err) { // registration failed :( console.log('ServiceWorker registration failed: ', err); }); }); } </script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.4.min.js" integrity="sha256-BbhdlvQf/xTY9gja0Dq3HiwQF8LaCRTXxZKRutelT44=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> </head> <body id="body" data-lang="en" class=" "> <script> const Laravel = { csrfToken: "LbsbjiTDZGfPwqPC6W2rgzRdK8M0KYWL95RJNOv6", locale: "en" }; </script> <header id="header" class="header"> <nav class="nav" role="navigation"> <div class="nav-menu--top"> <div class="nav-logo--en"> <a aria-label="The Canadian Encyclopedia homepage" class="nav-logo__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en"> </a> </div> <button class="nav-icon--search js-search-tab" aria-label="Search in Canadian Encyclopedia"></button> <button id="nav-menu-toggle" class="nav-icon--hamburger-menu" aria-label="open main navigation"> <div class="icon-container"> <span class="top"></span> <span class="middle"></span> <span class="bottom"></span> </div> </button> </div> <div id="nav-mid" class="nav-menu--mid"> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> topics </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--topics dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <section id="People" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people" aria-label="Browse topic: People"> People </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section People"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/arts-culture" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Arts & Culture">Arts & Culture</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/business-economics" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Business & Economics">Business & Economics</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/communities-sociology" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Communities & Sociology">Communities & Sociology</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/education" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Education">Education</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/history-historical-figures" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category History/Historical Figures">History/Historical Figures</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/military" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Military">Military</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/nature-geography" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Nature & Geography">Nature & Geography</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/politics-law" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Politics & Law">Politics & Law</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/science-technology" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Science & Technology">Science & Technology</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people/sports-recreation" aria-label="Browse topic: People, category Sports & Recreation">Sports & Recreation</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section id="Places" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places" aria-label="Browse topic: Places"> Places </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section Places"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/arts-culture" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Arts & Culture">Arts & Culture</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/buildings-monuments" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Buildings & Monuments">Buildings & Monuments</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/cities-populated-places" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Cities & Populated Places">Cities & Populated Places</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/geographical-features" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Geographical features">Geographical features</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/historic-sites" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Historic sites">Historic sites</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/military" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Military">Military</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/parks-nature-reserves" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Parks & Nature Reserves">Parks & Nature Reserves</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/provinces-territories" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Provinces & Territories">Provinces & Territories</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places/transportation" aria-label="Browse topic: Places, category Transportation">Transportation</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section id="Things" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things" aria-label="Browse topic: Things"> Things </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section Things"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/arts-culture" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Arts & Culture">Arts & Culture</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/business-economics" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Business & Economics">Business & Economics</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/communities-sociology" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Communities & Sociology">Communities & Sociology</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/education" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Education">Education</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/history" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category History">History</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/military" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Military">Military</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/nature-geography" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Nature & Geography">Nature & Geography</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/politics-law" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Politics & Law">Politics & Law</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/science-technology" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Science & Technology">Science & Technology</a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things/sports-recreation" aria-label="Browse topic: Things, category Sports & Recreation">Sports & Recreation</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Collections </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collections"> All Collections </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/the-memory-project"> The Memory Project </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/cdc"> Canada During Covid </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x479/media/media/f6f8902f-029b-4666-8ab3-5ccd0711dda3.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x479/media/media/f6f8902f-029b-4666-8ab3-5ccd0711dda3.jpg" alt="Canadian soldiers landing on Juno Beach, Courseulles-sur-Mer, France, June 6th, 1944." /> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/second-world-war" class="sub-menu__image__link"> Explore the Second World War collection <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Educators </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators#education-guides"> Education Guides </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators#primary-sources"> Primary Sources </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators#interactive-resources"> Interactive Resources </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship"> The Challenge </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/cc_43.png" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/cc_43.png" alt="" /> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/citizenship" class="sub-menu__image__link"> Explore the Citizenship Challenge collection <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Timelines </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines"> All Timelines </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/people"> People </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/places"> Places </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timelines/things"> Things </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/49ecd1bd-bb99-4a20-8dc8-7278c9a5518c.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/49ecd1bd-bb99-4a20-8dc8-7278c9a5518c.jpg" alt="WWI-Vimy-troops in wire"/> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/first-world-war-timeline" class="sub-menu__image__link">Explore the First World War Timeline timeline <span class="link-arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Quizzes </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quizzes"> Quizzes </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship"> The Challenge </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/quizzes/Canadian-Military-history-1.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/quizzes/Canadian-Military-history-1.jpg" alt=""/> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-canadian-military-history" class="sub-menu__image__link">Canadian Military History <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <button class="nav-icon--search js-search-tab" aria-label="Search in Canadian Encyclopedia"></button> </div> <ul id="nav-low" class="nav-menu--low"> <li class="nav-menu--low__item"> <a class="articleNavPopupEvent btn-login nav-link" href="#" data-target="popup-login" data-toggle="modal" aria-haspopup="dialog"> Sign in </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item"> <a class="nav-link help-btn" href="/en/about/faq" id="nav-help"> <i class="i-help"></i>Help </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item--btn"> <a class="b b-sm b-monochrome b-icon-heart" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/donate" target="_blank"> Donate </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item--lang-toggle"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr/article/pentecostal-movement" aria-label="Toggle site language">fr</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </header> <div id="search" class="searchContainer" > <div class="searchPanel"> <div class="searchPanel-head"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/logo-tce.svg?v=96550f8de20f4537bc4ad37b01dff7f1" alt="The Canadian Encyclopedia"> <h2 class="searchPanel-title">Search The Canadian Encyclopedia</h2> </div> <div class="searchPanel-input-wrap"> <form id="form-search" name="form-search" method="get" data-action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/search"> <input data-getsearchroute="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/json/search" name="query" type="text" class="input-search input-xl input-fullSpan searchPanel-input" id="inputSearch" /> <button class="searchPanel-searchBtn"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-search.svg?v=a1e99ea3dd07831352832b022428584e" alt="Search"> </button> <button class="searchPanel-exit"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-exit.svg?v=2601c4155c28e62e1eb2ebc7de9bd1ee" alt="Exit search"> </button> </form> <ul class="search-results"> </ul> </div> <p aria-hidden="true" role="alert" class="searchPanel-errorMsg">Enter your search term</p> <div></div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-login" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-connect"> <h2 class="popup-title">Login</h2> <form method="POST" action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/members" accept-charset="UTF-8" id="tceLogin" class="form"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="LbsbjiTDZGfPwqPC6W2rgzRdK8M0KYWL95RJNOv6"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-login-email form-control input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Email" name="email" type="email" value=""> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span> </div> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-login-password form-control form-password input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Password" name="password" type="password" value=""> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span> </div> </div> <div class="js-login-error error"></div> <div class="popup-login-option"> <div class="popup-helpers-container"> <div class="form-remember"> <input name="remember_me" type="checkbox" value="1"> <label for="remember_me">Remember me</label> </div> <div class="form-forgot-pass"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/auth/password/reset" class="b-link">I forgot my password</a><br> </div> </div> <input class="b b-md b-invert btn-login-submit" type="submit" value="Submit"> <p class="text-line">or</p> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/auth/facebook" class="btn btn-facebook"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-facebook-white.svg?v=3decbb62f20c49bf2a86d220cbf213d8" alt="Share on Facebook" title="Share on Facebook"> Login With Facebook</a> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/auth/twitter" class="btn btn-twitter"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/i-twitter-x-white.svg?v=762dd4e2da316070386a19085588add2" alt="Share on X" title="Share on X"> Login With X</a> </div> </form> </div> <div class="popup-body login-popup-body"> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> <h3>Why sign up?</h3> <p>Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.</p> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/members/register" class="b b-md b-primary">Create Account </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main class="wrap l l--hasSidebar grid--col12"> <div class="error-page"> <h2>404</h2> <div class="error-content"> <h3>Oops! Page not found.</h3> <p>The page you are looking for was moved, removed, renamed or might never have existed.</p> <ul class="error_links"> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en" class="b b-md b-primary">Back to homepage</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact" class="b b-md b-invert">Report error</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer"> <div class="full-width footer-first-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow"> <div class="footer-information grid--col2"> <div class="divider"> <h6>Updates? Omissions? Article suggestions?</h6> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact" class="b b-md b-primary">We want to hear from you</a> </div> <div> <h6>Did you like your experience?</h6> <a href="https://www.cognitoforms.com/HistoricaCanada1/TheCanadianEncyclopediaUserSurvey" target="_blank" class="b b-md b-primary">Take our survey</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="full-width full-width-grey footer-second-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow footer-sub-first"> <div class="footer-utilities grid--col3"> <div class="randomize-12"> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>62 365</b> images</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>25 516</b> articles</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>64</b> collections</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>4 172</b> primary sources</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>46</b> quizzes</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>73</b> timelines</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>83</b> studyguides</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>5 169</b> authors</div> </div> <div class="divider uppercase text-xsmall footer-social "></div> <div class="uppercase footer-social"> <span>Follow us elsewhere</span> <ul> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/HistoricaCanada" class="footer-social-twitter" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-twitter"></i>Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheCanadianEncyclopedia" class="footer-social-facebook" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-facebook"></i>Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtagGjDO8X1rBROhmSQXZsA" class="footer-social-youtube" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-youtube"></i>Youtube</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap--narrow container-grey top-divider-footerlinks footer-sub-second"> <div class="footer-link"> <ul class="list list-inline list-background-invert"> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contributors">Contribute</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/pdf/en/aoda_2023.pdf?v=77bccd03de4270ae1fbba4cea45a2197">accessibility</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="wrap--narrow container-grey top-divider footer-sub-third"> <div class="footer-sitemap grid--col12"> <div class="footer-copyright"> <a href="/en/copyright">The Canadian Encyclopedia 漏 2024 <span class="copyright-separator-spacing">|</span> Historica Canada</a> </div> <div class="footer-canada-logos"> <ul> <li tabindex="0" class="footer-image-submenu"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/historica-canada-logo.png?v=d8609094fb353837d01f458c7a6f905b" alt="Historica Canada" title="Historica Canada" loading="lazy">聽 <ul class="external_links"> <li><a href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/" target="_blank">Historica Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship" target="_blank">Citizenship challenge</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/heritageminutes" target="_blank">Heritage minutes</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thememoryproject.com/" target="_blank">The memory project</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en.html" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/gov-canada.svg?v=fdda8701f4d83ce99144e160774c2965" alt="Funding by the gouvernment of Canada" title="Funding by the gouvernment of Canada" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="highlight-menu" style="display:none;"> <a href="#">Suggest an Edit</a> <div class="caret"></div> </div> <div id="overlayPopup"></div> <div id="definitionOverlayPopup"></div> <div id="overlay"></div> <div class="fullpageLoader"> <svg class="circular-loader" viewBox="25 25 50 50"> <circle class="loader-path" cx="50" cy="50" r="20" fill="none" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="4" /> </svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/manifest.js?v=069add80cc340895762d04c204a6279a"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/vendor.js?v=bad4c73f65ec1c7706543fa4a9ea4830"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/app.js?v=efc40233a3006944c927943e0b78a15c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/layout.js?v=beaebd25c9a5059050695d1edaf766de"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/header.js?v=5244f0ce969d84d34f640d056c0fe0d9"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/event-bus.js?v=5e4c1d3e6f42f0c3e6c9410dd9164894"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/image-scale.js?v=9c719b6e3da705632a5f6afd99100d6d"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/js/search.js?v=c7c70246f5f7881af57df6d9ed1d3e16"></script> </body> </html>