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however, a bad running forewarns its disappearance. Equity of a bank is among the most important rubrics in the liability side because, actually, these funds ensure three notably primordial functions for the survival of the bank. From one hand, equity is useful to bankroll the investments and cover the unexpected losses. From another hand, they attract the fund lessors since they inspire trust. So we are going to tackle some points including whether equity of the Islamic banks are oversized. In spite of the efforts made on the subject, the relationship between the capital and the deficiency probability has not been defined with certainty. In this article, we have elaborated a study over the nature of financial intermediation in Islamic banks by comparison to those of conventional ones. We have found a striking difference between two kinds of intermediation. We tried, from another side, to study the relationship between the capital level and deficiency risk relying on econometric model, and we have obtained a positive and significant relation between the capital and the deficiency risk for the conventional banks. This means that when the capital of these banks increases, the deficiency risk increases as well. In return, since the Islamic banks are constrained to respect the Sharia Committee as well as customers’ demands who may, in certain contracts, choose to invest their capitals in projects they are interested in. These constraints have as effects to reduce the deficiency risk even when the capital increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20bank" title="Islamic bank">Islamic bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20bank" title=" conventional bank"> conventional bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficiency%20risk" title=" deficiency risk"> deficiency risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20intermediation" title=" financial intermediation"> financial intermediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19126/deficiency-risk-in-islamic-and-conventional-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6467</span> Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Iron-Deficient Iranian Teenagers Girls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eftekhari%20M.%20H.">Eftekhari M. H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozaffari-Khosravi%20H."> Mozaffari-Khosravi H.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shidfar%20F."> Shidfar F.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Many Iranian adolescent girls are iron deficient, but it is unclear whether the iron deficiency is associated with other nutritional risk indicators. Objective: we aimed to investigate the association between iron deficiency and weight status (measured as BMI) among a reprehensive sample of teenage girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a region of southern I.R.Iran. One hundred eighty-seven iron-deficient participants (aged between 11 to 14) were selected by systematic random sampling among all students in grades 1 to 3 from high schools for girls. We assayed hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, iron and total iron binding capacity and measured weight and height. Body mass index was calculated according to age and gender-specific BMI growth charts for children 2 to 20 years of age. Results: 13% were at risk for being overweight and 8.3% were overweight. The severity of iron deficiency increased as BMI increased from normal to at risk for overweight and overweight. Iron deficiency anemia was most prevalent among overweight adolescents than at risk for overweight and normal weight adolescents (28%, 18%, and 13%, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study showed an inverse association of BMI with serum ferritin. Overweight adolescents demonstrated an increased prevalence of anemia. Because of the potentially harmful effects of iron deficiency, obese adolescents should be routinely screened and treated as necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent" title="adolescent">adolescent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over%20weight" title=" over weight"> over weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency" title=" iron deficiency"> iron deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154590/prevalence-of-overweight-and-obesity-in-iron-deficient-iranian-teenagers-girls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6466</span> Thrombophilic Risk Factors and Pregnancy Complications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Azzam1">Hanan Azzam1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashwa%20Abousamra1"> Nashwa Abousamra1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20Mansour1"> Amany Mansour1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Abd%20El-dayem2"> Yaser Abd El-dayem2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solafa%20Elsharawy1">Solafa Elsharawy1</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Inherited thrombophilias are a heterogenous group of conditions which have been implicated in a variety of pregnancy complications. More recently, deficiency of protein Z (PZ) has been liked to pregnancy complications, including preterm delivery. Aim: We designed this study to evaluate the association of inherited thrombophilias including [Protein C (PC), Protein S (PS), Anti thrombin III (ATIII) deficiency and activated protein C (APC) resistance] and protein Z deficiency with a variety of pregnancy complications. Patients and Methods: 60 women with different pregnancy complications, including 20 patients with preeclampsia, 20 patients with intrauterine growth resistance (IUGR), and 20 patients with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), in addition to 30 healthy pregnant women were recruited for the present study. PC and free PS antigen, ATIII activity, modified functional APC-resistance, and PZ levels were determined. Results: There was no significant association between inherited thrombophilias and complicated pregnancies as regards PC deficiency (p=1.0), AT III and PS deficiency (p=0.312), and APC-resistance (P=0.083). PZ was significantly associated with complicated pregnancies (p=0.012). Patients with protein Z levels below 1.5 µg/ml were considered deficient. Accordingly, we demonstrated protein Z deficiency in 30% of complicated pregnancies (RR 6.0, 95% CI 1.29-27.90;p=0.022), 20% of preeclampsia (RR 3.5, 95% CI 0.57 – 21.28; P = 0.174), 40% of IUGR (RR 9.3 95% CI 1.72-50.61; P = 0.010) and 30% of IUFD (RR 6, 95% CI 1.07 – 33.64; P = 0.042). Conclusions: These findings indicate the absence of association of inherited thrombophilias, including PC, PS, AT III deficiency, and APC resistance with pregnancy complications. However, PZ deficiency is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications, especially intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine fetal death. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20C" title="protein C">protein C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20S" title=" protein S"> protein S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrombophelia" title=" thrombophelia"> thrombophelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20Z" title=" protein Z"> protein Z</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144318/thrombophilic-risk-factors-and-pregnancy-complications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6465</span> Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Its Impact on Nutritional Status of Rural Pregnant Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuzhat%20Sultana">Nuzhat Sultana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron deficiency (IDA) is the commonest nutritional anemia present in Indian pregnant women. The overall development of a fetus is determined to a great extent by the type of nourishment mother receives right from its conception. To study the risk factors of iron deficiency anemia, two hundred rural pregnant women in the age of 15-35 years in the second trimester of pregnancy from the countryside of Beed district was selected. These samples were divided into groups 'A' (experimental samples) and 'C' (control samples). Experimental samples were received oral supplementation of iron and folic acid for ninety days, but control samples did not receive any supplementation. All the samples were observed anthropometrically, biochemically and clinically before and after supplementation. The study result shows that maximum numbers of i.e. 75% pregnant women had low levels of weight and hemoglobin as compared to standard weight and HB level. However, after supplementation only in experimental group weight and HB level was increased. It was observed that prevalence of risk factors associated with anemia was higher in rural pregnant women. Poverty, illiteracy, faulty food habits, and poor intake of iron during pregnancy are the main causative factors for iron deficiency anemia in rural pregnant women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency" title="iron deficiency">iron deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia" title=" anemia"> anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy "> pregnancy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22280/prevalence-of-iron-deficiency-anaemia-and-its-impact-on-nutritional-status-of-rural-pregnant-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6464</span> Prevalence and Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Pregnant Xhosa Women </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abiodun">A. Abiodun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20George"> G. George</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Longo-Mbenza"> B. Longo-Mbenza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Blanco-Blanco"> E. Blanco-Blanco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnant Xhosa women practising geophagia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant Xhosa women from rural areas of Mthatha, South Africa, according to socio-demographic, geophagia, haematologic and iron metabolism profiles using univariate and multivariate analyses. Anaemia was defined by haemoglobin <11 g/dL and iron deficiency was defined by serum ferritin < 12 ug/L. Results: Out of 210 pregnant women (mean age =23±5.3 for geophagic and 25.6±5.3 for non-geophagic), 51.4% (n = 108) had iron deficiency anaemia (50.9% geophagic and 49.1% non-geophagic). After adjusting for confounders, only geophagia (OR=2.1 95% CI 1.1-4.2; P=0.029) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration categories (< 30.5 g/dL with OR=16.6 95% CI 6.8-40.2; P < 0.0001; 30.5-31.5 g/dL with OR=2.9 95% CI 1.4-6.1; P=0.006; and ≥ 31.5 g/dL with OR=1) were identified as the most important significant and independent determinants of iron deficiency anaemia. Conclusion: The study results point to the potential harm geophagia can cause in pregnant women. The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is unacceptably high. Geophagic behaviour, low MCHC presented as particular risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia in this study. Education and counselling about appropriate diet during pregnancy and prevention of geophagic behaviour (and health consequences) are needed among pregnant Xhosa women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophagia" title="geophagia">geophagia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anaemia" title=" iron deficiency anaemia"> iron deficiency anaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xhosa" title=" Xhosa"> Xhosa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62093/prevalence-and-determinants-of-iron-deficiency-anaemia-in-pregnant-xhosa-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6463</span> Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anaemia/Anaemia as a Diagnostic Indicator for Coeliac Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Shams">Sahar Shams</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coeliac disease (CD) is a widely reported disease particularly in countries with predominant Caucasian populations. It presents with many signs and symptoms including iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia/anaemia (IDA/A). The exact association between ID, IDA/A and CD and how accurate these signs are in diagnosing CD is not fully known. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the accuracy of both ID & IDA/A as a diagnostic indicator for CD and whether it warrants point of care testing. A systematic review was performed looking at studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess risk of bias in each study. ROC curve and forest plots were generated as part of the meta-analysis after data extraction. 16 studies were identified in total, 13 of which were IDA/A studies and 3 ID studies. The prevalence of CD regardless of diagnostic indicator was assumed as 1%. The QUADAS-2 tool indicated most of studies as having high risk of bias. The PPV for CD was higher in those with ID than for those with IDA/A. Meta-analysis showed the overall odds of having CD is 5 times higher in individuals with ID & IDA/A. The ROC curve showed that there is definitely an association between both diagnostic indicators and CD, the association is not a particularly strong one due to great heterogeneity between studies. Whilst an association between IDA/A & ID and coeliac disease was evident, the results were not deemed significant enough to prompt coeliac disease testing in those with IDA/A & ID. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia" title="anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anemia" title=" iron deficiency anemia"> iron deficiency anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coeliac%20disease" title=" coeliac disease"> coeliac disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=point%20of%20care%20testing" title=" point of care testing"> point of care testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157235/iron-deficiency-and-iron-deficiency-anaemiaanaemia-as-a-diagnostic-indicator-for-coeliac-disease-a-systematic-review-with-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6462</span> An Observational Study of Vitamin B12 Levels and Peripheral Neuropathy Profile in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamesh%20Gupta">Kamesh Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitin%20Jain"> Nitin Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Rohatgi"> Anurag Rohatgi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To study Vitamin B12 levels and presence of peripheral neuropathy among diabetes mellitus patients on metformin therapy. Method: The observational study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015. Patients were selected from the Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, India. Exhaustive history regarding dietary habits and metformin usage was taken. Lab tests including HbA1c levels and Vit B12 assays were done, on the basis of which patients were classified into subgroups. Peripheral neuropathy was detected by both clinical scoring and electrophysiological studies. Appropriate Statistical analysis for observational studies was done to evaluate the data. Results: The average duration of metformin usage was higher in patients with definite B12 deficiency (9.4y) than patients with normal B12 levels (5.6 y). Patients in the definite B12 deficiency group had much higher incidence of neuropathy (89%) than patients with no deficiency (27%). The incidence of neuropathy was higher in cases with longer metformin usage (100% with 18-22y of use and 83% with 14-17y of use) than shorter periods (29% with 2-5y of use and 75% with 6-9y of use). Conclusion: Thus patients on long-term metformin therapy are at a high risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency. Definite and possible Vitamin B12 deficiency on metformin had an earlier onset of neuropathy than the subgroup with normal Vitamin B12 levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20neuroptahy" title="diabetic neuroptahy">diabetic neuroptahy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalamine%20deficiency" title=" cobalamine deficiency"> cobalamine deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metformin" title=" metformin"> metformin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20conduction%20studies" title=" nerve conduction studies"> nerve conduction studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67975/an-observational-study-of-vitamin-b12-levels-and-peripheral-neuropathy-profile-in-patients-of-diabetes-mellitus-on-metformin-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6461</span> Gestational Vitamin D Levels Mitigate the Effect of Pre-pregnancy Obesity on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Birth Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majeda%20S.%20Hammoud">Majeda S. Hammoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication affecting around 14% of pregnancies globally that carries short and long-term consequences to the mother and her child. Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity is the most consistently and strongly associated modifiable risk factor with GDM development. This analysis aimed to determine whether vitamin D status during pregnancy modulates the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity/overweight on GDM risk while stratifying by maternal age. Methods: Data from the Kuwait Birth Cohort (KBC) study were analyzed, which enrolled pregnant women in the second or third trimester of gestation. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was categorized as under/normal weight (<25.0), overweight (25.0 to <30.0), and obesity (≥30.0). 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured in blood samples that were collected at recruitment and categorized as deficiency (<50 nmol/L) and insufficiency/sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L). GDM status was ascertained according to international guidelines. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: The analyzed study sample included a total of 982 pregnant women, with a mean (SD) age of 31.4 (5.2) years. The prevalence of GDM was estimated to be 17.3% (95% CI: 14.9-19.7), and the prevalence of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity was 37.8% (95% CI: 34.8-40.8) and 28.8% (95% CI: 26.0-31.7), respectively. The prevalence of gestational vitamin D deficiency was estimated to be 55.3% (95% CI: 52.2-58.4). The association between pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity with GDM risk differed according to maternal age and gestational vitamin D status (Pinteraction[BMI × age × vitamin D = 0.047). Among pregnant women aged <35 years, prepregnancy obesity compared to under/normal weight was associated with increased GDM risk among women with gestational vitamin D deficiency (aOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.50-8.86, p = 0.004) and vitamin D insufficiency/sufficiency (aOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.16-5.61, p = 0.019). In contrast, among pregnant women aged ≥35 years, pre-pregnancy obesity compared to under/normal weight was associated with increased GDM risk among women with gestational vitamin D deficiency (aOR: 9.70, 95% CI: 2.01-46.69, p = 0.005), but not among women with vitamin D insufficiency/sufficiency (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.42-5.16, p = 0.553). Conclusion: The effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on GDM risk is modulated by maternal age and gestational vitamin D status, with the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity being more pronounced among older pregnant women (aged ≥35 years) with gestational vitamin D deficiency compared to those with vitamin D insufficiency/sufficiency. Whereas, among younger women (aged <35 years), the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on GDM risk was not modulated by gestational vitamin D status. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation among pregnant women, specifically older women with pre-pregnancy obesity, may mitigate the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on GDM risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestational%20diabetes%20mellitus" title="gestational diabetes mellitus">gestational diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title=" body mass index"> body mass index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187325/gestational-vitamin-d-levels-mitigate-the-effect-of-pre-pregnancy-obesity-on-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-a-birth-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6460</span> Incidence of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among the Children with Febrile Seizures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samina%20Nazli">Samina Nazli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Qamar"> Nadia Qamar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quratulain"> Quratulain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akasha"> Akasha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saman%20Jamal"> Saman Jamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The objective is to determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia among children having febrile seizures. A descriptive Cross-Sectional Study was done in the Pediatric Unit of Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Sialkot from September 2020 to February 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 70 children were studied aged six months to 10 years, with either gender presenting with febrile seizures. All data of the patients was documented, including demographic data like age, gender, residential area, educational status, socioeconomic status and clinical findings at the time of presentation like fever, fits and duration of symptoms etc. Blood hemoglobin and ferritin levels were tested for each patient to evaluate iron deficiency anemia. Results: There were 65.7% male and 34.3% female cases in this study. The age range of the patients was 6 months to 10 years, with a mean age of 4.36 ± 2.71 years. Most of the children (60%) were below three years of age. Most children belonged to low and middle socioeconomic status with a frequency of 42.8% and 45.7%, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia was found in 38.6% of cases. The majority of the mothers were illiterate (65%). There were 44.3% cases from rural areas and 55.7% from urban areas. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem among children with febrile seizures, younger than 03 years and belonging to rural areas. Illiterate mothers are an important risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in their children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=febrile%20seizure" title="febrile seizure">febrile seizure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anemia" title=" iron deficiency anemia"> iron deficiency anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illetrate%20mother" title=" illetrate mother"> illetrate mother</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20scioeconomic%20status" title=" low scioeconomic status"> low scioeconomic status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=febrile%20siezure" title=" febrile siezure"> febrile siezure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179631/incidence-of-iron-deficiency-anemia-among-the-children-with-febrile-seizures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6459</span> Vitamin D Status in Tunisian Obese Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Berriche">O. Berriche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ben%20Othmen"> R. Ben Othmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Sfar"> H. Sfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Abdesslam"> H. Abdesslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bou%20Meftah"> S. Bou Meftah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhouri"> S. Bhouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mahjoub"> F. Mahjoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Amrouche"> C. Amrouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Jamoussi"> H. Jamoussi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Although current evidence emphasizes a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration and obesity, no studies have been conducted in Tunisian obese. The objectives of our study were to estimate the vitamin D deficiency in obese, identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency, demonstrating a possible association between vitamin D levels and metabolic parameters. Methods: This was a descriptive study of 100 obese 18-65 year-old. Anthropometric measurements were determined. Fasting blood samples were assessed for the following essays : serum calcium, 25 OH vitamin D, inorganic phosphorus, fasting glucose, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride. Insulin resistance was evaluated by fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß. Consumption of foods riche in vitamin D, sunscreen use, wearing protective clothes and exposed surface were assessed through applied questionnaires. Results: The deficit of vitamin D (< 30 ng/ml) among obese was 98,8%. Half of them had a rate < 10ng/ml. Environmental factors involved in vitamin D deficiency are : the veil (p = 0,001), wearing protective clothes (p = 0,04) and the exposed surface (p = 0,011) and dietary factors are represented by the daily caloric intake (p = 0,0001). The percent of fat mass was negatively related to vitamin D levels (p = 0,01) but not with BMI (p = 0,11) or waist circumference (p = 0,88). Similarly, lipid and glucose profile had no link with vitamin D. We found no relationship between Insulin resistance and vitamin D levels. Conclusion: At the end of our study, we have identified a very important vitamin D deficiency among obese. Dosage and systematic supplementation should be applied and for that physician awareness is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulinresistance" title="insulinresistance">insulinresistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title=" vitamin D"> vitamin D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26061/vitamin-d-status-in-tunisian-obese-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6458</span> Investigating The Nexus Between Energy Deficiency, Environmental Sustainability and Renewable Energy: The Role of Energy Trade in Global Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahim%20Ullah">Fahim Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman"> Muhammad Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy consumption and environmental sustainability are hard challenges of 21st century. Energy richness increases environmental pollution while energy poverty hinders economic growth. Considering these two aspects, present study calculates energy deficiency and examines the role of renewable energy to overcome rising energy deficiency and carbon emission for selected countries from 1990 to 2021. For empirical analysis, this study uses methods of moments panel quantile regression analysis and to check the robustness, study used panel quantile robust analysis. Graphical analysis indicated rising global energy deficiency since last three decades where energy consumption is higher than energy production. Empirical results showed that renewable energy is a significant factor for reducing energy deficiency. Secondly, the energy deficiency increases carbon emission level and again renewable energy decreases emissions level. This study recommends that global energy deficiency and rising carbon emissions can be controlled through structural change in the form of energy transition to replace non-renewable resources with renewable resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20deficiency" title="energy deficiency">energy deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20emission" title=" carbon emission"> carbon emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20trade" title=" energy trade"> energy trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PQL%20analysis" title=" PQL analysis"> PQL analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183640/investigating-the-nexus-between-energy-deficiency-environmental-sustainability-and-renewable-energy-the-role-of-energy-trade-in-global-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6457</span> The Impact of Geophagia on the Iron Status of Black South African Women </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%20van%20Onselen">A van Onselen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20M.%20Walsh"> C. M. Walsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20J.%20Veldman"> F. J. Veldman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Brand"> C. Brand </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To determine the nutritional status and risk factors associated with women practicing geophagia in QwaQwa, South Africa. Materials and Methods: An observational epidemiological study design was adopted which included an exposed (geophagia) and non-exposed (control) group. A food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were applied to determine nutritional status of participants. Logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors that were likely to be associated with the practice of geophagia. Results: The mean total energy intake for the geophagia group (G) and control group(C) were 10324.31 ± 2755.00 kJ and 10763.94 ± 2556.30 kJ respectively. Both groups fell within the overweight category according to the mean body mass index (BMI) of each group (G= 25.59 kg/m2; C= 25.14 kg/m2). The mean serum iron levels of the geophagia group (6.929 μmol/l) were significantly lower than that of the control group (13.75 μmol/l) (p = 0.000). Serum transferrin (G=3.23g/l; C=2.7054g/l) and serum transferrin saturation (G=8.05%; C=18.74%) levels also differed significantly between groups (p=0.00). Factors that were associated with the practice of geophagia included haemoglobin (Odds ratio (OR):14.50), serum-iron (OR: 9.80), serum-ferritin (OR: 3.75), serum-transferrin (OR: 6.92) and transferrin saturation (OR: 14.50). A significant negative association (p=0.014) was found between women who were wage-earners and those who were not wage-earners and the practice of geophagia (OR: 0.143; CI: 0.027; 0.755). These findings seem to indicate that a permanent income may decrease the likelihood of practising geophagia. Key findings: Geophagia was confirmed to be a risk factor for iron deficiency in this community. The significantly strong association between geophagia and iron deficiency emphasizes the importance of identifying the practice of geophagia in women, especially during their child bearing years. Further research to establish whether the practice of geophagia is a cause of iron-deficiency, or whether it is the consequence thereof, would give a clearer view on how to recognise and treat the condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophagia" title="geophagia">geophagia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anaemia" title=" iron deficiency anaemia"> iron deficiency anaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20intake" title=" dietary intake"> dietary intake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometry" title=" anthropometry"> anthropometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20098/the-impact-of-geophagia-on-the-iron-status-of-black-south-african-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6456</span> Assessment of Dietary Intake of Pregnant Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuleshova%20Gulnara">Tuleshova Gulnara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abduldayeva%20Aigul"> Abduldayeva Aigul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal is based on the studying the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among children and women of reproductive age to develop evidence-based recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of programs to prevent micronutrient deficiency. Subject: In our study we used a representative, random sample, carried out with the cluster method in the precinct of the principle areas of medical care for children 5 years of old. If the site has at least 60 children under 5 years of old, each second child was sampled, and if more than 60 children - each third child (first child selected by random sampling). The total number of investigated persons was within 80-86 women of reproductive age and children - within 80-92 people. Results: The studies found that the average prevalence of anemia among children aged 6-59 months was 35.2%, with the most susceptible to iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 6-23 months (53.3%). The prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women was 39.0% among pregnant women - 43.8%. In children, the prevalence of folate deficiency was the highest (27.6%). Among non-pregnant women, frequent prevalence of folic acid deficiency was 37.0%. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was higher among children living in Astana (37.4%) compared with the medium-republican level (23.2%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title="nutrition">nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnant%20women" title=" pregnant women"> pregnant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micronutrients" title=" micronutrients"> micronutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macronutrients" title=" macronutrients"> macronutrients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33662/assessment-of-dietary-intake-of-pregnant-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">622</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6455</span> The Effect of Iron Deficiency on the Magnetic Properties of Ca₀.₅La₀.₅Fe₁₂₋yO₁₉₋δ M-Type Hexaferrites </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Hyuk%20Lee">Kang-Hyuk Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yan"> Wei Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Im%20Yoo"> Sang-Im Yoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, Ca₁₋ₓLaₓFe₁₂O₁₉ (Ca-La M-type) hexaferrites have been reported to possess higher crystalline anisotropy compared with SrFe₁₂O₁₉ (Sr M-type) hexaferrite without reducing its saturation magnetization (Ms), resulting in higher coercivity (Hc). While iron deficiency is known to be helpful for the growth and the formation of NiZn spinel ferrites, the effect of iron deficiency in Ca-La M-type hexaferrites has never been reported yet. In this study, therefore, we tried to investigate the effect of iron deficiency on the magnetic properties of Ca₀.₅La₀.₅Fe₁₂₋yO₁₉₋δ hexaferrites prepared by solid state reaction. As-calcined powder was pressed into pellets and sintered at 1275~1325℃ for 4 h in air. Samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Powder XRD analyses revealed that Ca₀.₅La₀.₅Fe₁₂₋yO₁₉₋δ (0.75 ≦ y ≦ 2.15) ferrites calcined at 1250-1300℃ for 12 h in air were composed of single phase without the second phases. With increasing the iron deficiency, y, the lattice parameters a, c and unite cell volumes were decreased first up to y=10.25 and then increased again. The highest Ms value of 77.5 emu/g was obtainable from the sample of Ca₀.₅La₀.₅Fe₁₂₋yO₁₉₋δ sintered at 1300℃ for 4 h in air. Detailed microstructures and magnetic properties of Ca-La M-type hexagonal ferrites will be presented for a discussion <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ca-La%20M-type%20hexaferrite" title="Ca-La M-type hexaferrite">Ca-La M-type hexaferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency" title=" iron deficiency"> iron deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexaferrite" title=" hexaferrite"> hexaferrite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78449/the-effect-of-iron-deficiency-on-the-magnetic-properties-of-ca05la05fe12yo19d-m-type-hexaferrites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6454</span> Management of Nutritional Strategies in Prevention of Autism Before and During Pregnancy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ghavam%20Sadri">Maryam Ghavam Sadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimia%20Moiniafshari"> Kimia Moiniafshari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder that has negative effects on verbal, mental and behavioral development. Studies have shown the role of a maternal dietary pattern before and during pregnancy. The relation of exerting of nutritional management programs in prevention of Autism has been approved. This review article has been made to investigate the role of nutritional management strategies before and during pregnancy in the prevention of Autism. Methods: This review study was accomplished by using the keywords related to the topic, 67 articles were found (2000-2015) and finally 20 article with criteria such as including maternal lifestyle, nutritional deficiencies and Autism prevention were selected. Results: Maternal dietary pattern and health before and during pregnancy have important roles in the incidence of Autism. Studies have suggested that high dietary fat intake and obesity can increase the risk of Autism in offspring. Maternal metabolic condition specially gestational diabetes (GDM) (p-value < 0.04) and folate deficiency (p-value = 0.04) is associated with risk of Autism. Studies have shown that folate intake in mothers with autistic children is less than mothers who have typically developing children (TYP) (p-value<0.01). As folate is an essential micronutrient for fetus mental development, consumption of average 600 mcg/day especially in P1 phase of pregnancy results in significant reduction in incidence of Autism (OR:1.53, 95%CI=0.42-0.92, p-value = 0.02). furthermore, essential fatty acid deficiency especially omega-3 fatty acid increases the rate of Autism and consumption of supplements and food sources of omega-3 can decrease the risk of Autism up to 34% (RR=1.53, 95%CI=1-2.32). Conclusion: regards to nutritional deficiency and maternal metabolic condition before and during pregnancy in prevalence of Autism, carrying out the appropriate nutritional strategies such as well-timed folate supplementation before pregnancy and healthy lifestyle adherence for prevention of metabolic syndrome (GDM) seems to help Autism prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20prevention" title=" autism prevention"> autism prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20inadequacy" title=" dietary inadequacy"> dietary inadequacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20lifestyle" title=" maternal lifestyle"> maternal lifestyle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34367/management-of-nutritional-strategies-in-prevention-of-autism-before-and-during-pregnancy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6453</span> Effect of the Endotracheal Care Nursing Guideline Utilization on the Incidence of Endotracheal Tube Displacement, Oxygen Deficiency after Extubation, Re-intubation, and Nurses Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabeab%20Khunpukdee">Rabeab Khunpukdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aranya%20Sukchoui"> Aranya Sukchoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nonluk%20Somgit"> Nonluk Somgit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitima%20Bunnaul"> Chitima Bunnaul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endotracheal displacement is a major risk of life threatening among critically ill patients. Standard nursing protocol is needed to minimize this risk and to improve clinical outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the endothacheal care nursing guideline. The incidence rates of endochacheal displacement, oxygen deficiency after extubation, re-intubation, and nurse’s satisfaction on the utilization of the endotracheal care nursing guideline. An evidence-based nursing practice framework was used to develop the endotracheal care nursing guideline. The guideline valid content was review by a 3 panel of experts. The index of item objective (IOC) of the guideline was 0.93. The guideline was implemented in 130 patients (guideline group) and 19 registered nurses at a medicine ward, Had Yai hospital, Thailand. Patient’s outcomes were evaluated by comparison with those 155 patients who received the routine nursing care (routine care group). Descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Mann Whitney U-test was analyzed using the computer program. All significantly and better outcomes were found in the guideline group compared to the routine care group. The guideline group has less incidence rates of endotracheal displacement (1.54 % vs 9.03 %, p < 0.05), and none of the guideline group had oxygen deficiency after extubation (0 % vs 83.33%) compared to the routine care group. All of the 2 patients in the guideline group, compared to 6 of 14 patients in the routine care group were re-intubation. The overall rate of re-intubation in the total group (n = 130 vs 155) was seen less in the guideline group than the routine care group (1.54 % vs 3.87). Overall, nurses satisfaction was at high-level (89.50%) on the utilization of the guideline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endotracheal%20care" title="endotracheal care">endotracheal care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20guideline" title=" nursing guideline"> nursing guideline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-intubation" title=" re-intubation"> re-intubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction "> satisfaction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23269/effect-of-the-endotracheal-care-nursing-guideline-utilization-on-the-incidence-of-endotracheal-tube-displacement-oxygen-deficiency-after-extubation-re-intubation-and-nurses-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6452</span> Prevalence of the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Women of Childbearing Age in Morocco: Coexistence of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Overweight</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fall%20Abdourahmane">Fall Abdourahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazrak%20Meryem"> Lazrak Meryem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Hsaini%20Houda"> El Hsaini Houda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ammari%20Laila"> El Ammari Laila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamih%20Hasnae"> Gamih Hasnae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahyane%20Abdelhakim"> Yahyane Abdelhakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjouad%20Abdelaziz"> Benjouad Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aguenaou%20Hassan"> Aguenaou Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Kari%20Khalid"> El Kari Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition, is a significant health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Morocco, 61.3% of women of reproductive age (WRA) are overweight or obese, including 30.4% who were obese, while 34.4% were anaemic, and 49.7% have iron deficiency anaemia. Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of DBM at the individual level among Moroccan WRA, defined by the coexistence of iron deficiency anaemia and overweight/obesity. Methods: a cross-sectional national survey was conducted among a representative sample of 2090 Moroccan WRA. Data collected included socio-economic parameters, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples. Haemoglobin levels were measured photometrically using Hemocue, while ferritin and CRP were assessed through immunoturbudimetry. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity, iron deficiency, anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia among WRA in Morocco were 60.2%, 30.6%, 34.4% and 50.0% respectively. The coexistence of overweight/obesity with anaemia and iron deficiency was observed in 19.2% and 16.3% of women, respectively. Among overweight/obese women, 32.5% were anaemic, 28.4% were iron deficient, and 47.6% had iron deficiency anaemia. the prevalence of DBM was higher in urban areas compared to rural settings. Conclusion: The coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition among WRA highlights the urgent need for integrated public health interventions addressing both anaemia and obesity simultaneously. Tailored strategies should consider the specific socio-economic and geographical contexts to effectively combat this dual burden. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20double%20burden%20of%20malnutrition" title="the double burden of malnutrition">the double burden of malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anaemia" title=" iron deficiency anaemia"> iron deficiency anaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overweight" title=" overweight"> overweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191962/prevalence-of-the-double-burden-of-malnutrition-in-women-of-childbearing-age-in-morocco-coexistence-of-iron-deficiency-anemia-and-overweight" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6451</span> Assessing the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Moroccan Women: A Focus on Iron Deficiency and Weight Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fall%20Abdourahmane">Fall Abdourahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazrak%20Meryem"> Lazrak Meryem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Hsaini%20Houda"> El Hsaini Houda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Ammari%20Laila"> El Ammari Laila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamih%20Hasnae"> Gamih Hasnae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahyane%20Abdelhakim"> Yahyane Abdelhakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjouad%20Abdelaziz"> Benjouad Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aguenaou%20Hassan"> Aguenaou Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%20Kari%20Khalid"> El Kari Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined by the concurrent occurrence of undernutrition and overnutrition, represents a critical public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Morocco, 61.3% of women of reproductive age (WRA) are classified as overweight or obese, with 30.4% meeting the criteria for obesity. Furthermore, 34.4% of WRA are affected by anaemia, and 49.7% present with iron deficiency anaemia. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the individual-level prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among Moroccan WRA, focusing on the simultaneous presence of iron deficiency anaemia and overweight/obesity. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was carried out on a representative sample of 2090 Moroccan WRA. The data collected encompassed blood samples, anthropometric measurements and socio-economic factors. Haemoglobin levels were assessed using a Hemocue device, while ferritin and CRP levels were determined through immunoturbidimetric analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among WRA in Morocco was 60.2%, iron deficiency affected 30.6%, anaemia was found in 34.4%, and 50.0% had iron deficiency anaemia. The coexistence of overweight/obesity with anaemia was observed in 19.2% and with iron deficiency in 16.3%. Among overweight/obese women, 32.5% were anaemic, 28.4% had iron deficiency, and 47.6% had iron deficiency anaemia. The prevalence of DBM was higher in urban areas compared to rural settings. Conclusion: The DBM among women of WRA showed an emergent reality of the interconnection and the coexistence at individual level of the undernutrition and the overnutrition. Therefore, effective and dual actions that could simultaneously address the double dimension of the DBM have to be implemented for the policy solutions to be successful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20double%20burden%20of%20malnutrition" title="the double burden of malnutrition">the double burden of malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anemia" title=" iron deficiency anemia"> iron deficiency anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overweight" title=" overweight"> overweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192091/assessing-the-double-burden-of-malnutrition-in-moroccan-women-a-focus-on-iron-deficiency-and-weight-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6450</span> A Possible Connection Between Taste Change and Zinc Deficiency after Bariatric Surgery: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boshra%20Mozaffar">Boshra Mozaffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iskandar%20Idris"> Iskandar Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Taste change is a common complication after Bariatric surgery (BS). However, the cause of this is still not clear. Since zinc is important fortaste perception, zinc deficiency, which is common after BS, may play an important role for taste change after BS. In this review, we aimto collate evidence relating to taste change and zinc deficiencyin relation to BS; effects of zinc replacement on taste perception in general and thereafter discuss the possible role of zinc deficiency to induce taste change after BS. A literature search was conducted, using four electronic bibliographical databases—EMBASE, PubMed, AMED and MEDLINE. We identified all available and relevant articles published before 30th February 2021.In total, 33 studies were included. The total number of participants analysed was N= 3264. We showed that taste change is a frequent complication after BS, especially after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass RYGBP comparing to other types of procedures. Patients' taste sensitivity differs among studies, but the most important decline in taste preference was observed for sweet food. Twelve studies investigating zinc deficiency following BS showed a significant decrease in zinc levels at six months after surgery. Supplementation with 45–50 mg of zinc sulphate was effective in improving taste, except in cancer patients, who showed no improvement in taste following zinc supplementation. Zinc deficiency appears to be associated with taste change after BS. Supplementation with much higher levels of zinc, at 45–50 mg, was effective in taste change treatment for many cases of taste disorder. The currently recommended levels of zinc replacements currently prescribed to patients following BS were not effective for avoiding zinc deficiency after BS—and thus not effective for averting taste change. It is therefore suggested that taste change following BS is closely related to zinc deficiency induced by the surgery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste%20change" title="taste change">taste change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste%20disorder" title=" taste disorder"> taste disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bariatric%20surgery" title=" bariatric surgery"> bariatric surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20sulphate%20or%20Zn" title=" zinc sulphate or Zn"> zinc sulphate or Zn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficiency" title=" deficiency"> deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplementation" title=" supplementation"> supplementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20micro-nutrient%20deficiencies" title=" and micro-nutrient deficiencies"> and micro-nutrient deficiencies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148657/a-possible-connection-between-taste-change-and-zinc-deficiency-after-bariatric-surgery-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6449</span> Co-Limitation of Iron Deficiency in Stem Allantoin and Amino-N Formation of Peanut Plants Intercropped with Cassava</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Li">Hong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tingxian%20Li"> Tingxian Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xudong%20Wang"> Xudong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibo%20Yang"> Weibo Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Co-limitation of iron (Fe) deficiency in legume nitrogen fixation process is not well understood. Our objectives were to examine how peanut plants cope with Fe deficiency with the rhizobial inoculants and N-nutrient treatments. The study was conducted in the tropical Hainan Island during 2012-2013. The soil was strongly acidic (pH 4.6±0.7) and deficient in Fe (9.2±2.3 mg/kg). Peanut plants were intercropped with cassava. The inoculants and N treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with three blocks. Peanut root nodulation, stem allantoin, amino acids and plant N derived from fixation (P) reduced with declining soil Fe concentrations. The treatment interactions were significant on relative ureide % and peanut yields (P<0.05). Residual fixed N from peanut plants was beneficial to cassava plants. It was concluded that co-variance of Fe deficiency could influence peanut N fixation efficiency and rhizobia and N inputs could help improving peanut tolerance to Fe deficiency stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20N%20derived%20from%20N%20fixation" title=" plant N derived from N fixation"> plant N derived from N fixation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20nodulation" title=" root nodulation"> root nodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20Fe%20co-variance" title=" soil Fe co-variance"> soil Fe co-variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20ureide" title=" stem ureide"> stem ureide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peanuts" title=" peanuts"> peanuts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassava" title=" cassava"> cassava</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10291/co-limitation-of-iron-deficiency-in-stem-allantoin-and-amino-n-formation-of-peanut-plants-intercropped-with-cassava" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6448</span> To Assess the Awareness and Health Seeking Practices Related to Vitamin-A Deficiency Diseases in Urban Slums of Delhi, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.Vasundhra%20Misra">Dr.Vasundhra Misra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prof.%20Praveen%20Vashist"> Prof. Praveen Vashist</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Vitamin A deficiency prevention programmes are at varying stages of development and implementation in all countries. Vitamin A deficiency has been recognized as a public health issue in developing countries like India. Despite achieving a lot of success a load of blindness due to Vitamin A deficiencies is still high. In this regard, a study was conducted to assess the awareness and health-seeking practices about Vitamin A deficiency diseases among the urban slum population of Delhi, India. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the 5 slum clusters from the urban population of South Delhi. A specially designed pre-tested questionnaire schedule was administered. The study sample was comprised of 1552 inhabitants. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 34 ± 12.1 years. A total of 1003 (64.6%) participants out of 1552, had heard of night blindness. Awareness of night blindness was more in the elderly age group and also found significant (p < 0.001). Only 31 (3.1%) knew that night blindness is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A. The awareness of vitamin A prophylaxis programme was significantly higher among elder age (p < 0.05) and females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlighted that even though many of the respondents have heard of night blindness but the awareness about causes and treatment was found low in the community. There is a need for efforts directed to enhance community-level counseling and educational programmes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health-seeking%20practices" title=" health-seeking practices"> health-seeking practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=night%20blindness" title=" night blindness"> night blindness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin-A%20deficiency%20diseases" title=" vitamin-A deficiency diseases"> vitamin-A deficiency diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107971/to-assess-the-awareness-and-health-seeking-practices-related-to-vitamin-a-deficiency-diseases-in-urban-slums-of-delhi-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6447</span> Adaptive Strategies of Maize in Leaf Traits to N Deficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panpan%20Fan">Panpan Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Ming"> Bo Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niels%20Anten"> Niels Anten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jochem%20Evers"> Jochem Evers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaoyao%20Li"> Yaoyao Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaokun%20Li"> Shaokun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruizhi%20xie"> Ruizhi xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrogen (N) utilization for crop production under N deficiency conditions is subject to a trade-off between maintaining specific leaf N content (SLN), important for radiation-use efficiency (RUE), versus maintaining leaf area (LA) development, important for light capture. This paper aims to explore how maize deals with this trade-off through responses in SLN, LA and their underlying traits during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. In a ten-year N fertilization trial in Jilin province, Northeast China, three N fertilizer levels have been maintained: N-deficiency (N0), low N supply (N1), and high N supply (N2). We analyzed data from years 8 and 10 of this experiment for two common hybrids. Under N deficiency, maize plants maintained LA and decreased SLN during vegetative stages, while both LA and SLN decreased comparably during reproductive stages. Canopy-average specific leaf area (SLA) decreased sharply during vegetative stages and slightly during reproductive stages, mainly because senesced leaves in the lower canopy had a higher SLA. In the vegetative stage, maize maintained leaf area at low N by maintaining leaf biomass (albeit hence having N content/mass) and slightly increasing SLA. These responses to N deficiency were stronger in maize hybrid XY335 than in ZD958. We conclude the main strategy of maize to cope with low N is to maintain plant growth, mainly by increasing SLA throughout the plant during early growth. N was too limiting for either strategy to be followed during later growth stages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20N%20content%20per%20unit%20leaf%20area" title="leaf N content per unit leaf area">leaf N content per unit leaf area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%20deficiency" title=" N deficiency"> N deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20leaf%20area" title=" specific leaf area"> specific leaf area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize%20strateg" title=" maize strateg"> maize strateg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153846/adaptive-strategies-of-maize-in-leaf-traits-to-n-deficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6446</span> A Phylogenetic Analysis and Effect of NO₃ Regime on the Level of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Thalassiosira weissflogii Isolated from Caspian Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Etesami">Ehsan Etesami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Noroozi"> Mostafa Noroozi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thalassiosira weissflogii with proper size and nutrition value specially PUFA n-3 has been widely used in bivalve shellfish larviculture and shrimp industries. This diatom was isolated from Caspian Sea and identified with morphology and molecular characters. T. weissflogii was cultivated in normal and nitrogen deficiency F2 medium during 18 to 30 days, in addition, the growth indices, total lipid, and EPA-DHA content were elucidated. The growth indices of the cells decreased during the stress experiments while the total lipid levels increased during prolonged culturing (30 days). The maximum level of C20:5 was calculated as 8.8 (%TFA) in normal condition during 30 days; however, the combination of N- deficiency condition with prolonged culturing led to the increase of the level of C22:6 from 3.5 to 12.63 (%TFA). The concept of N-deficiency along with prolonged culturing of Thalassiosira weissflogii can improve PUFA n-3 content in order to use in shellfish and shrimp industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA" title="DHA">DHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thalassiosira%20weissflogii" title=" Thalassiosira weissflogii"> Thalassiosira weissflogii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20deficiency" title=" nitrogen deficiency"> nitrogen deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPA" title=" EPA"> EPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acids" title=" fatty acids"> fatty acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquafeed" title=" aquafeed"> aquafeed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96632/a-phylogenetic-analysis-and-effect-of-no3-regime-on-the-level-of-n-3-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-in-thalassiosira-weissflogii-isolated-from-caspian-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6445</span> Probable Future Weapon to Turn down Malnutrition in Women and Adolescent Girls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manali%20Chakraborty">Manali Chakraborty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the developing countries the most prevalent pathological state is malnutrition and under nutrition due to deficiency of essential nutrients. This condition is more seen between the woman population, especially in the adolescent girls. It is causing childhood deaths along with others cognitive, degenerative diseases. Born of low weight babies and stillbirth are also major problems associated with the malnutrition. Along with the increased level of population, people not only should concern about their quantity of food but also for the quality of the food to be healthy. Lethargy, depression caused due to iron deficiency often quoted as normal or unimportant issues. Children of malnourished women are more likely associated with cognitive impairment, immune dysfunction leading to a higher risk of being attacked by diseases. Malnourishment also affects the productivity of women. Low social status, lack of proper nutritional education is an important cause of this nutrient deficiency among women. Iron deficiency and anemia are mostly famous nutritional deficiencies among women worldwide. Mostly women from below poverty lined area are anemic due to less consumption of iron-rich foods or having foods that might inhibit the iron absorption. Growing females like adolescents or lactating females need more iron supply. Less supplement causes iron deficiency. Though malaria also might cause anemia, it is more likely endemic one in some specific areas. Folate deficiency in females also may cause neurological defects in the infants. Other Vitamin B, A deficiencies along with low iodine level is also noted in malnourished women. According to tradition, still in some areas in developing countries females have their food at the end. According to some survey and collected data, these females are often into the risk zone of being malnourished. Regularly they have the very lesser amount, or food sometimes may start to lose its nutrients. Women are the one who maintains the responsibility to cook foods in the home. Lack of proper nutritional education and proper food preparation not only make those foods lose the nutrients leading to impairment in proper nutrient intake of the family members but also impairing own nutritional status. Formulation and development of food products from iron or other nutrient affluent sources viz., traditional herbs can be helpful in the prevention of such malnutrition condition in females. Keeping low cost and smooth maintenance of the food product development from the natural sources like pulses, cereals or other vegetation also can be beneficial to sustain socio-economic condition. Consumption of such kind of foodstuff is much healthier rather than taking continuous supplements like capsules. Utilization of proper scientific and cost-effective techniques for this food product development and their distribution among rural women population might be an enormous initiative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia" title="anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20supplements" title=" food supplements"> food supplements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malnutrition" title=" malnutrition"> malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20places" title=" rural places"> rural places</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20population" title=" women population"> women population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102039/probable-future-weapon-to-turn-down-malnutrition-in-women-and-adolescent-girls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6444</span> Prevalence of Seropositivity for Cytomegalovirus in Patients with Hereditary Bleeding Diseases in West Azerbaijan of Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakieh%20Rostamzadeh">Zakieh Rostamzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Shirmohammadi"> Zahra Shirmohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human cytomegalovirus is a species of the cytomegalovirus family of viruses, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as herpesviridae or herpesviruses. Although they may be found throughout the body, HCMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands. HCMV infection is typically unnoticed in healthy people, but can be life-threatening for the immunocompromised such as HIV-infected persons, organ transplant recipients, or newborn infants. After infection, HCMV has an ability to remain latent within the body over long periods. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes infection in immunocompromised, hemophilia patients and those who received blood transfusion frequently. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies in hemophilia patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in Urmia, North West of Iran. The study population comprised a sample of 50 hemophilic patients born after 1985 and have received blood factors in West Azerbaijan. The exclusion criteria include: drug abusing, high risk sexual contacts, vertical transmission of mother to fetus and suspicious needling. All samples were evaluated with the method of ELISA, with a certain kind of kit and by a certain laboratory. Results: Fifty hemophiliacs from 250 patients registered with Urmia Hemophilia Society were enrolled in the study including 43 (86%) male, and 7 (14%) female. The mean age of patients was 10.3 years, range 3 to 25 years. None of patients had risk factors mentioned above. Among our studied population, 34(68%) had hemophilia A, 1 (2%) hemophilia B, 8 (16%) VWF, 3(6%) factor VII deficiency, 1 (2%) factor V deficiency, 1 (2%) factor X deficiency, 1 (2%). Sera of 50 Hemodialysis patients were investigated for CMV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. % 91.89 patients were anti-CMV IgG positive and %40.54 was seropositive for anti-CMV IgM. 37.8% patient had serological evidence of reactivation and 2.7% of patients had the primary infection. Discussion: There was no relationship between the antibody titer and: drug abusing, high risk sexual contacts, vertical transmission of mother to fetus and suspicious needling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title="bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedicine" title=" biomedicine"> biomedicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytomegalovirus" title=" cytomegalovirus"> cytomegalovirus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunocompromise" title=" immunocompromise"> immunocompromise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14337/prevalence-of-seropositivity-for-cytomegalovirus-in-patients-with-hereditary-bleeding-diseases-in-west-azerbaijan-of-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6443</span> Characterization and Selection of Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerant Genotypes in Nigeria Based on Morpho-Physiologic Traits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umego%20Chukwudi%20T.">Umego Chukwudi T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ntui%20Valentine%20O."> Ntui Valentine O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uyoh%20Edak%20A."> Uyoh Edak A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phosphorus (P) deficiency has been identified as a major hindrance to rice production the world over. Eleven (11) rice genotypes predominantly used by local farmers in Nigeria were studied for their responses to P deficient conditions. The characterization was based on morpho-physiologic parameters. The genotypes were screened using a hydroponic system in a modified Hoagland’s solution. Morphological and physiologic parameters, including Plant height (PH), number of tillers per plant, shoot dry weight (SDW), shoot phosphate concentration (SPC), and chlorophyll content, were recorded after exposure to three levels of phosphate concentration (0µM, 400 µM, and 800 µM). The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were separated using least significance difference tests. The results obtained showed that P starvation caused a significant (p≤0.05) reduction in PH, SDW, and tillering and also triggered a significant (p≤0.05) increase in root length among the genotypes. The Pearsons correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationships among studied parameters, and a significant negative correlation was observed between plant height and root length. FARO63 was identified as a highly tolerant genotype to P deficiency with a low (0.24) SPC and higher (4.81) phosphate utilization efficiency (PUE). This study has identified FARO63 as a true tolerant genotype to Phosphate deficiency, which will be useful in breeding for phosphate deficiency tolerance in rice and thus combating food insecurity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate%20deficiency" title="phosphate deficiency">phosphate deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20genotypes" title=" rice genotypes"> rice genotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponic%20system" title=" hydroponic system"> hydroponic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157910/characterization-and-selection-of-phosphorus-deficiency-tolerant-genotypes-in-nigeria-based-on-morpho-physiologic-traits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6442</span> Risk Measure from Investment in Finance by Value at Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20El-Arbi%20Khalfallah">Mohammed El-Arbi Khalfallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lakhdar%20Hadji"> Mohamed Lakhdar Hadji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Managing and controlling risk is a topic research in the world of finance. Before a risky situation, the stakeholders need to do comparison according to the positions and actions, and financial institutions must take measures of a particular market risk and credit. In this work, we study a model of risk measure in finance: Value at Risk (VaR), which is a new tool for measuring an entity's exposure risk. We explain the concept of value at risk, your average, tail, and describe the three methods for computing: Parametric method, Historical method, and numerical method of Monte Carlo. Finally, we briefly describe advantages and disadvantages of the three methods for computing value at risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20value%20at%20risk" title="average value at risk">average value at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20value%20at%20risk" title=" conditional value at risk"> conditional value at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tail%20value%20at%20risk" title=" tail value at risk"> tail value at risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20at%20risk" title=" value at risk"> value at risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61669/risk-measure-from-investment-in-finance-by-value-at-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6441</span> The Antioxidant Effect of Vitamin C against Oxidative Stress Generate by Dietary Zn-Deficiency in Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zine%20Kechrid">Zine Kechrid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress induced by dietary Zn-deficiency in albino diabetic rats. Thirty two males alloxan-diabetic rats divided into two groups of 16 individuals each; the first group was fed a zinc adequate diet (54 mg zinc/kg). The second group had given low zinc diet (1 mg zinc/kg). Then, half of each group was treated with vitamin C (1 g/l) in drinking water. After four weeks, animals were sacrificed and different parameters were determined. The findings showed that dietary deficiency zinc intake significantly increased serum glucose. Zn-deficiency was also led to an increase in oxidative stress, which was indicated by an increase of MDA level and glutathione-S-transferase activity. Meanwhile it was result in a decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px and catalase activities in liver. However, the administration of vitamin C restored all the previous parameters approximately to their normal values. In conclusion, vitamin C probably played a key role strong as antioxidant factor against oxidative stress provoked by dietary zinc inadequate. Therefore, it might be contributed in reduction diabetes complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20C" title="vitamin C">vitamin C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20diabetes" title=" experimental diabetes"> experimental diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rats" title=" rats "> rats </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7136/the-antioxidant-effect-of-vitamin-c-against-oxidative-stress-generate-by-dietary-zn-deficiency-in-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6440</span> A Systematic Review on Dietary Interventions for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) in Under-Five Children in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justina%20Ijeoma%20Ezebuwa">Justina Ijeoma Ezebuwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20C.%20Ikewuchi"> Catherine C. Ikewuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eka%20B.%20Essien"> Eka B. Essien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20C.%20Anacletus"> Francis C. Anacletus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant problem in Nigeria, especially in children under five. Intervention options for treating anemia in under-five children have also been the subject of research. This study aims to synthesize the evidence on dietary interventions for managing iron deficiency anemia in under-five children in Nigeria. This study uses a systematic review method to collect relevant studies to answer the research questions and a narrative synthesis to analyze and synthesize the findings of this study. Cochrane, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were thoroughly searched, and five (5) articles were selected for this study. The results show that dietary interventions, such as daily multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drinks, biofortified (yellow/ white) cassava rich in pro-vitamin A, iron supplementation in foods, and ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) may be relevant to the management of iron deficiency anemia in under-five children in Nigeria. The study also shows that daily multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drinks may be more effective, feasible, and culturally acceptable for managing anemia in under-5 children in Nigeria. In addition, daily multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drinks and ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) were reported to have the potential to improve the growth, cognitive development, and overall health outcomes of under-five children with iron deficiency anemia in Nigeria. Recommendations for future studies in this research area and for public health practitioners and policymakers were provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20intervention" title="dietary intervention">dietary intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20deficiency%20anemia" title=" iron deficiency anemia"> iron deficiency anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-five%20children" title=" under-five children"> under-five children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172403/a-systematic-review-on-dietary-interventions-for-iron-deficiency-anemia-ida-in-under-five-children-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6439</span> How Does Vicia faba-rhizobia Symbiosis Improve Its Performance under Low Phosphorus Availability?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Makoudi">B. Makoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ghanimi"> R. Ghanimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mouradi"> M. Mouradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kabbadj"> A. Kabbadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Farissi"> M. Farissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20J.%20Drevon"> J. J. Drevon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20%20Ghoulam"> C. Ghoulam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work focuses on the responses of Vicia fabarhizobia symbiosis to phosphorus deficiency and their contribution to tolerate this constraint. The study was carried out on four faba bean varieties, Aguadulce, Alfia, Luz Otono, and Reina Mora submitted to two phosphorus treatments, deficient and sufficient and cultivated under field and greenhouse hydroaeroponic culture. Plants were harvested at flowering stage for growth, nodulation and phosphorus content assessment. Phosphatases in nodules and rhizospheric soil were analyzed. The impact of phosphorus deficiency on yield component was assessed at maturity stage. Under field conditions, phosphorus deficiency affected negatively nodule biomass and nodule phosphorus content with Alfia and Reina Mora showing the highest biomass reduction. The phosphatase activities in nodules and rhizospheric soil were increased under phosphorus deficiency. At maturity stage, under soil low available phosphorus, the pods number and 100 seeds weight were reduced. The genotypic variation was evident for almost all tested parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faba%20bean" title="faba bean">faba bean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphorus" title=" phosphorus"> phosphorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobia" title=" rhizobia"> rhizobia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16301/how-does-vicia-faba-rhizobia-symbiosis-improve-its-performance-under-low-phosphorus-availability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul 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