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href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidCookieDomain?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid cookie domain</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSelector?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid selector</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSessionID?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid session ID</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/JavaScriptError?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript error</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/ScriptTimeout?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Script timeout</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/StaleElementReference?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Stale element reference</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownCommand?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Unknown command</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownError?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Unknown error</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownMethod?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Unknown method</a></li> </ol></li> </ol> </div> </div> <section class="place side"></section> </nav> </aside> <div class="toc-container"> <aside class="toc"> <nav> <div class="document-toc-container"> <section class="document-toc"> <header> <h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2> </header> <ul class="document-toc-list"> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#usage">Usage</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#reference">Reference</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#specifications">Specifications</a></li> <li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#see_also">See also</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> </nav> </aside> <section class="place side"></section> </div> </div> <main id="content" class="main-content "> <article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"> <header> <h1>WebDriver</h1> </header> <div class="section-content"> <p>WebDriver is a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents. It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers.</p> <p>To have the ability to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many browsers on different platforms is critical to deliver a consistent experience to users. With the new wave of developments on the web platform, the increase diversity in devices and demands for real interoperability between the technologies, WebDriver provides tooling for <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">cross-browser testing</a>.</p> <p>Provided is a set of interfaces to discover and manipulate DOM elements in web documents and to control the behavior of a user agent. It is primarily intended to allow web authors to write tests that automate a user agent from a separate controlling process, but may also be used in such a way as to allow in-browser scripts to control a — possibly separate — browser.</p> </div> <section aria-labelledby="usage"> <h2 id="usage"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#usage">Usage</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <p>So what does WebDriver let you do and what does it look like? Since WebDriver is programming language neutral, the answer to this question depends on which WebDriver client you're using and the choice of language.</p> <p>But using a popular client written in Python, your interaction with WebDriver might look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"> <div class="example-header"> <span class="language-name">python</span> </div> <pre class="brush: python notranslate"><code>from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: driver.get("https://google.com/ncr") wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q").send_keys("cheese" + Keys.RETURN) wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="rcnt"]'))) results = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, "//a[@href]") for i, elem in enumerate(results): print(f'#{i} {elem.text} ({elem.get_attribute("href")})') </code></pre> </div> <p>This might produce output akin to this:</p> <pre class="brush: plain notranslate">#1 Cheese - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese) </pre> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="reference"> <h2 id="reference"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#reference">Reference</a></h2> <div class="section-content"></div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="commands"> <h3 id="commands"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#commands">Commands</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Commands</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/CloseWindow?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Close Window</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementAttribute?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Get Element Attribute</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementProperty?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Get Element Property</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementTagName?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Get Element Tag Name</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetTimeouts?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Get Timeouts</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetWindowHandles?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Get Window Handles</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetWindowRect?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Get Window Rect</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/NewWindow?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">New Window</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/SetTimeouts?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Set Timeouts</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/SetWindowRect?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Set Window Rect</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="types"> <h3 id="types"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#types">Types</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p><a class="page-not-created" title="The documentation about this has not yet been written; please consider contributing!" data-href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Types">Types</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#payload">Error object</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Timeouts?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Timeouts object</a></li> <li><a class="page-not-created" title="The documentation about this has not yet been written; please consider contributing!" data-href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/WebElement">WebElement</a></li> <li><a class="page-not-created" title="The documentation about this has not yet been written; please consider contributing!" data-href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/WebWindow">WebWindow</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="capabilities"> <h3 id="capabilities"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#capabilities">Capabilities</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Capabilities</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/acceptInsecureCerts?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">acceptInsecureCerts</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/firefoxOptions?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">firefoxOptions</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/webSocketUrl?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">webSocketUrl</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="errors"> <h3 id="errors"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#errors">Errors</a></h3> <div class="section-content"> <p><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Errors</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InsecureCertificate?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Insecure certificate</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidArgument?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid argument</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidCookieDomain?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid cookie domain</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSelector?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid selector</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSessionID?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Invalid session ID</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/JavaScriptError?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">JavaScript error</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/ScriptTimeout?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Script timeout</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/StaleElementReference?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Stale element reference</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownCommand?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Unknown command</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownError?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Unknown error</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownMethod?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Unknown method</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <section aria-labelledby="specifications"> <h2 id="specifications"><a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#specifications">Specifications</a></h2> <div class="section-content"> <ul> <li><a 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Content available under<!-- --> <a href="https://developer-mozilla-org.translate.goog/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license?_x_tr_sl=pl&_x_tr_tl=tr&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver","doc":{"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":false,"isActive":true,"flaws":{},"title":"WebDriver","mdn_url":"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver","locale":"en-US","native":"English (US)","sidebarHTML":"\n<ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities\">Capabilities</a><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities\">Capabilities</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/acceptInsecureCerts\">acceptInsecureCerts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/firefoxOptions\">firefoxOptions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/webSocketUrl\">webSocketUrl</a></li></ol></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands\">Commands</a><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands\">Commands</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/CloseWindow\">Close Window</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementAttribute\">Get Element Attribute</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementProperty\">Get Element Property</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementTagName\">Get Element Tag Name</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetTimeouts\">Get Timeouts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetWindowHandles\">Get Window Handles</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetWindowRect\">Get Window Rect</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/NewWindow\">New Window</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/SetTimeouts\">Set Timeouts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/SetWindowRect\">Set Window Rect</a></li></ol></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Timeouts\">Timeouts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors\">WebDriver errors</a><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors\">WebDriver errors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InsecureCertificate\">Insecure certificate</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidArgument\">Invalid argument</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidCookieDomain\">Invalid cookie domain</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSelector\">Invalid selector</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSessionID\">Invalid session ID</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/JavaScriptError\">JavaScript error</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/ScriptTimeout\">Script timeout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/StaleElementReference\">Stale element reference</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownCommand\">Unknown command</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownError\">Unknown error</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownMethod\">Unknown method</a></li></ol></li></ol>\n","sidebarMacro":"QuickLinksWithSubpages","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<p>WebDriver is a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents. It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers.</p>\n<p>To have the ability to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many browsers on different platforms is critical to deliver a consistent experience to users. With the new wave of developments on the web platform, the increase diversity in devices and demands for real interoperability between the technologies, WebDriver provides tooling for <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction\">cross-browser testing</a>.</p>\n<p>Provided is a set of interfaces to discover and manipulate DOM elements in web documents and to control the behavior of a user agent. It is primarily intended to allow web authors to write tests that automate a user agent from a separate controlling process, but may also be used in such a way as to allow in-browser scripts to control a — possibly separate — browser.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"usage","title":"Usage","isH3":false,"content":"<p>So what does WebDriver let you do and what does it look like? Since WebDriver is programming language neutral, the answer to this question depends on which WebDriver client you're using and the choice of language.</p>\n<p>But using a popular client written in Python, your interaction with WebDriver might look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">python</span></div><pre class=\"brush: python notranslate\"><code>from selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located\n\n\n\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver:\n\n driver.get(\"https://google.com/ncr\")\n wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)\n driver.find_element(By.NAME, \"q\").send_keys(\"cheese\" + Keys.RETURN)\n wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id=\"rcnt\"]')))\n results = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, \"//a[@href]\")\n\n for i, elem in enumerate(results):\n print(f'#{i} {elem.text} ({elem.get_attribute(\"href\")})')\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This might produce output akin to this:</p>\n<pre class=\"brush: plain notranslate\">#1 Cheese - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese)\n</pre>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"reference","title":"Reference","isH3":false,"content":""}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"commands","title":"Commands","isH3":true,"content":"<p><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands\">Commands</a></p><ul><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/CloseWindow\">Close Window</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementAttribute\">Get Element Attribute</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementProperty\">Get Element Property</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetElementTagName\">Get Element Tag Name</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetTimeouts\">Get Timeouts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetWindowHandles\">Get Window Handles</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/GetWindowRect\">Get Window Rect</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/NewWindow\">New Window</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/SetTimeouts\">Set Timeouts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands/SetWindowRect\">Set Window Rect</a></li></ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"types","title":"Types","isH3":true,"content":"<p><a class=\"page-not-created\" title=\"The documentation about this has not yet been written; please consider contributing!\" data-href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Types\">Types</a></p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors#payload\">Error object</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Timeouts\">Timeouts object</a></li>\n <li><a class=\"page-not-created\" title=\"The documentation about this has not yet been written; please consider contributing!\" data-href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/WebElement\">WebElement</a></li>\n <li><a class=\"page-not-created\" title=\"The documentation about this has not yet been written; please consider contributing!\" data-href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/WebWindow\">WebWindow</a></li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"capabilities","title":"Capabilities","isH3":true,"content":"<p><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities\">Capabilities</a></p><ul><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/acceptInsecureCerts\">acceptInsecureCerts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/firefoxOptions\">firefoxOptions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities/webSocketUrl\">webSocketUrl</a></li></ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"errors","title":"Errors","isH3":true,"content":"<p><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors\">Errors</a></p><ul><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InsecureCertificate\">Insecure certificate</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidArgument\">Invalid argument</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidCookieDomain\">Invalid cookie domain</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSelector\">Invalid selector</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/InvalidSessionID\">Invalid session ID</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/JavaScriptError\">JavaScript error</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/ScriptTimeout\">Script timeout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/StaleElementReference\">Stale element reference</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownCommand\">Unknown command</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownError\">Unknown error</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors/UnknownMethod\">Unknown method</a></li></ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"specifications","title":"Specifications","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">WebDriver</a></li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"see_also","title":"See also","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing\">Cross browser testing</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Selenium documentation</a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"Usage","id":"usage"},{"text":"Reference","id":"reference"},{"text":"Specifications","id":"specifications"},{"text":"See also","id":"see_also"}],"summary":"WebDriver is a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents. It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers.","popularity":0.002,"modified":"2023-12-04T12:04:17.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"WebDriver","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"ja","title":"WebDriver","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"WebDriver","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageType":"landing-page","source":{"folder":"en-us/web/webdriver","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/web/webdriver/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/8d766d1d1c60a2d6d2c95bd2aa9d0b297d9c70ac","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"WebDriver","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web","title":"References"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver","title":"WebDriver"}],"pageTitle":"WebDriver | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('pl', 'tr', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>