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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Irinjin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 June 1305 – 31 July 1314</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sulamish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Timurtash" title="Timurtash">Timurtash</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diyar_Bakr" title="Diyar Bakr">Diyar Bakr</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1316–1319</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sutay" title="Sutay">Sutay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sutay" title="Sutay">Sutay</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1319<br /><a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Irinjin</b> or <b>Irenjin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1106655535">.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Jomolhari","Uchen","Noto Serif Tibetan Medium","Noto Serif Tibetan","BabelStone Tibetan Slim","Yagpo Tibetan Uni","Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya","Kailash","DDC Uchen","TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","DDC Rinzin","Qomolangma-Woodblock","Qomolangma-Dunhuang"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}</style><span lang="bo" class="uchen" style="font-size:1.25em; vertical-align:middle; word-wrap:break-word;">རིན་ཆེན</span>, <abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1295</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1319</span>) was a powerful <a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Kerait</a> emir in <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> and a viceroy of Anatolia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a son of emir Sarija (his name could also be a misreading of George<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Doquz_Khatun" title="Doquz Khatun">Doquz Khatun</a>, thus a great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Toghrul" title="Toghrul">Toghrul</a>. His father arrived in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu</a> and was buried in Nestorian church of <a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had a sister called Toqtani or Toqiyatai (d. 1292) who successively married to <a href="/wiki/Hulagu_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu Khan">Hulagu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abaqa_Khan" title="Abaqa Khan">Abaqa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qonqurtai" title="Qonqurtai">Qonqurtai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another sister of his was Uruk Khatun, who was married to <a href="/wiki/Arghun" title="Arghun">Arghun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He emerged as <a href="/wiki/Baydu" title="Baydu">Baydu</a>'s supporter when he released his son Kipchak from <a href="/wiki/Gaykhatu" title="Gaykhatu">Gaykhatu</a>'s court in 1295. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rule_in_Anatolia">Rule in Anatolia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rule in Anatolia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After accession of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljait%C3%BC" title="Öljaitü">Öljaitü</a>, he was appointed as the new viceroy of Anatolia in June 1305.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His headquarters was centered in <a href="/wiki/Niksar" title="Niksar">Niksar</a>. Öljaitü's vizier Sa‘d al-Daula Savaji appointed his nephew Sharaf al-Din Musafir as Irinjin's tax collector, Ahmad Lakushi as vizier<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and emir Agacheri as his commander-in-chief. His monopolisation of duties and offices caused several officers and emirs to abandon their appointments, such as Ögedei, son of Shiktur Noyan of <a href="/wiki/Jalairs" title="Jalairs">Jalairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left his post in Anatolia temporarily in 1307 to join Öljaitü's campaign in <a href="/wiki/Gilan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilan Province">Gilan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His rule in Anatolia was widely disapproved. In one occasion, he besieged a Turkish bey called Ilyas in <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Han" title="Sultan Han">Sultan Han</a> with 20.000 Mongol soldiers, causing much damage. After end of battle, he demanded a compensation of 6000 <a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">dirhams</a> per soldier from <i><a href="/wiki/Nazir_(title)" title="Nazir (title)">mutawalli</a></i> of Anatolian <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqfs</a> <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerim%C3%BCddin_Mahmud-i_Aksaray%C3%AE" class="extiw" title="tr:Kerimüddin Mahmud-i Aksarayî">Karim ul-Din Aqsarai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His local proteges, for example, a Turkish bey called Shemgit-oglu was known to raid and murder shaykhs, nobles and notables in <a href="/wiki/Aksaray" title="Aksaray">Aksaray</a>. Another protege of his, <a href="/wiki/Taghachar" title="Taghachar">Taghachar</a>'s cousin <a href="/wiki/Bilarghu" title="Bilarghu">Bilarghu</a> had Armenian kings <a href="/wiki/Hethum_II,_King_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hethum II, King of Armenia">Hetum II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leo_III,_King_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo III, King of Armenia">Leo III</a> executed in 1307. After Armenian insurrection, Bilarghu had to flee to Irinjin in <a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a>. After numerous complains from locals and his inability to answer <a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanid</a> invasion of <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>, Irinjin was recalled from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> in 1314. </p><p>He again gained favour when <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Bahadur_Khan" title="Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan">Abu Sa'id</a> inherited Ilkhanate throne in 1316. Abu Sa'id's new regent Sevinch appointed Irinjin to governorate of <a href="/wiki/Diyar_Bakr" title="Diyar Bakr">Diyar Bakr</a>, but this soon changed after Sevinch's death in 1318. New regent <a href="/wiki/Chupan" title="Chupan">Chupan</a> while appointing his own son <a href="/wiki/Timurtash" title="Timurtash">Timurtash</a> in Irinjin's former post in Anatolia, recalled Amir <a href="/wiki/Sutay" title="Sutay">Sutai</a> to Diyar Bakr in 1318, leaving Irinjin out of Ilkhanate politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolt_in_1319">Revolt in 1319</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Revolt in 1319"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irinjin's rivalry with Chupan, led to his adjoin of <a href="/wiki/Qurumushi" title="Qurumushi">Qurumushi</a>, another Kerait emir and commander of Mongol garrison in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>. Apart being both Keraites, Qurumushi and Irinjin were both related to il-khan <a href="/wiki/Tekuder" title="Tekuder">Tekuder</a> by marriage. Qurumushi revolted after his rebuke by Chupan, because of him not coming to aid of Abu Sa'id against invasion of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96z_Beg_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Öz Beg Khan">Ozbeg</a> of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chupan's subordinate Toqmaq also defected to rebel side, because of his old rivalry with <a href="/wiki/Demasq_Kaja" title="Demasq Kaja">Demasq Kaja</a>, son of Chupan. Irinjin's daughter Tursin's hand was sought by Toqmaq, but eventually was married to Demasq Khaja on the orders of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljait%C3%BC" title="Öljaitü">Öljaitü</a>. Irinjin's son Shaykh Ali was Abu Sa'id's favorite and his falconer<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since his governorate in <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan Province">Khorasan</a>, which led some researchers to believe revolt was indeed orchestrated by Abu Sa'id himself who wanted to get rid of Chupan. Qurumushi's 40.000 strong rebel army caught Chupan with his two sons and 2000 strong entourage unguarded near <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> and caused him to flee, this was when Irinjin openly joined the revolt. </p><p>When news of Chupan's defeat reached to <a href="/wiki/Soltaniyeh" title="Soltaniyeh">Soltaniyeh</a>, Irinjin's son and daughter agreed to plunder the belongings of Demasq Kaja, but was prevented from killing him by Ögrünch, Uyghur emir. Irinjin on his part, pillaged Timurtash's belongings in Anatolia. Rebel armies merged near <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a> and set course to Abu Sa'id's main army soon later. Ilkhanate armies were commanded by Abu Sa'id himself on centre with Ögrünch and Chupan, while his <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a> uncles Ali Padshah and Muhammad was positioned on left wing. Right wing was commanded by Mahmud b. Esen Qutluq and Shayk Ali b. Ali Qushchi. On their part, Irinjin was commanding center on rebel side with his wife Princess Könchek, emir Toqmaq and his brother Aras were commanding left, while Qurumushi commanded right flank. A last second peace attempt by Qutluqshah, Irinjin's wife was in vain. A decisive battle was fought on 20 June 1319 near <a href="/wiki/Mianeh,_East_Azerbaijan" title="Mianeh, East Azerbaijan">Mianeh</a> with Ilkhanate victory. Irinjin was captured in vicinity of Kaghazkunan, near <a href="/wiki/Khalkhal_County" title="Khalkhal County">Khalkhal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During trial at Soltaniyeh, Irinjin claimed that he was acting on Abu Sa'id's orders, a claim he rejected. He was executed in Soltaniyeh with a skewer driven up from his chin to brain. Irinjin's body was displayed for 2–3 days and his severed head was sent around Ilkhanate provinces. His 15-year-old son Vafadar were also decapitated, while his wife Könchek was trampled to death by horses. In total 36 emirs and 7 khatuns were executed, including Amir Toqmaq, Qurumishi, Princess Könchek (daughter of <a href="/wiki/Tekuder" title="Tekuder">Tekuder</a>) and Irinjin. Qutluqshah Khatun was spared and married off to Pulad Qiya, a brother of Amir Ordu Qiya. Shaykh Ali was already executed before battle.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Irinjin was a <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorian</a> and likewise, had Christian family. His family was interred at Mar Shalita church of <a href="/wiki/Maragheh" title="Maragheh">Maragheh</a>, to which he donated a revenue of a village and prevented it from being converted to a mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also reported to be a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Yahballaha_III" title="Yahballaha III">Mar Yahballaha III</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was married to <a href="/wiki/Tekuder" title="Tekuder">Tekuder</a>'s daughter Könchek Khatun (d. 1319) and had more wives including a certain Sarijah with whom he had several offsprings: </p> <ol><li>Shaykh Ali (d. 1319) — married to a daughter of Essen Qutluqh on 28 April 1305</li> <li>Qutluqshah Khatun — betrothed 18 March 1305, m. 20 June 1305 to <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ljait%C3%BC" title="Öljaitü">Öljaitü</a>, then Pulad Qiya</li> <li>Tursin Khatun (d. 1324) — married to <a href="/wiki/Demasq_Kaja" title="Demasq Kaja">Demasq Kaja</a></li> <li>Vafadar (1304 - 1319)</li></ol> <p>Through his daughter Tursin Khatun, he became ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Jalairid_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalairid Sultanate">Jalayirids</a> on the maternal side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDunlop1944" class="citation journal cs1">Dunlop, D. M. (1944). "The Karaits of Eastern Asia". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>11</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">276–</span>289. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00072463">10.1017/S0041977X00072463</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-977X">0041-977X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/609314">609314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Karaits+of+Eastern+Asia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E276-%3C%2Fspan%3E289&rft.date=1944&rft.issn=0041-977X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F609314%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00072463&rft.aulast=Dunlop&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_Nicola2017" class="citation cs2">De Nicola, Bruno (2017), "Mongol Women's Encounters with Eurasian Religions", <i>Women in Mongol Iran</i>, The Khatuns, 1206-1335, Edinburgh University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">182–</span>241, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-1547-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4744-1547-7"><bdi>978-1-4744-1547-7</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g09twn.13">10.3366/j.ctt1g09twn.13</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+in+Mongol+Iran&rft.atitle=Mongol+Women%27s+Encounters+with+Eurasian+Religions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E182-%3C%2Fspan%3E241&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.3366%2Fj.ctt1g09twn.13%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-4744-1547-7&rft.aulast=De+Nicola&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. 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London : Longmans, Green. pp. 346, 376.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Mongols+from+the+9th+to+the+19th+century&rft.pages=346%2C+376&rft.pub=London+%3A+Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1876%2F1927&rft.aulast=Howorth&rft.aufirst=Henry+H.+%28Henry+Hoyle%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofmongols03howouoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMelville2009" class="citation book cs1">Melville, Charles (2009). "Anatolia under the Mongols". In Fleet, Kate (ed.). <i>The Cambridge History of Turkey</i> (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">51–</span>101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fchol9780521620932.004">10.1017/chol9780521620932.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-05596-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-05596-3"><bdi>978-1-139-05596-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anatolia+under+the+Mongols&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Turkey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E51-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fchol9780521620932.004&rft.isbn=978-1-139-05596-3&rft.aulast=Melville&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHope2016" class="citation book cs1">Hope, Michael (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9hEBDQAAQBAJ"><i>Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran</i></a>. 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Ötüken Neşriyat A.Ş. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-155-233-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-605-155-233-0"><bdi>978-605-155-233-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sel%C3%A7uklular+Zaman%C4%B1nda+T%C3%BCrkiye&rft.pub=%C3%96t%C3%BCken+Ne%C5%9Friyat+A.%C5%9E.&rft.isbn=978-605-155-233-0&rft.aulast=Turan&rft.aufirst=Osman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxJLTDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMelville" class="citation journal cs1">Melville, Charles P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10615739">"Abu Sa'id and the revolt of the amirs in 1319"</a>. <i>L'Iran Face a la Domination Mongole, ed. D. Aigle, Tehran, 1997, Pp. 89-120</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Iran+Face+a+la+Domination+Mongole%2C+ed.+D.+Aigle%2C+Tehran%2C+1997%2C+Pp.+89-120&rft.atitle=Abu+Sa%27id+and+the+revolt+of+the+amirs+in+1319&rft.aulast=Melville&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10615739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBroadbridge2018" class="citation book cs1">Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018-07-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108347990/type/book"><i>Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire</i></a> (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108347990.010">10.1017/9781108347990.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-34799-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-34799-0"><bdi>978-1-108-34799-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+the+Making+of+the+Mongol+Empire&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108347990.010&rft.isbn=978-1-108-34799-0&rft.aulast=Broadbridge&rft.aufirst=Anne+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2F9781108347990%2Ftype%2Fbook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/HistoryOfShaikhUwais"><i>Ta'rīkh-i Shaikh Uwais : (History of Shaikh Uais) : Am important source for the history of Adharbaijān in the fourteenth century</i></a>. p. 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ta%27r%C4%ABkh-i+Shaikh+Uwais+%3A+%28History+of+Shaikh+Uais%29+%3A+Am+important+source+for+the+history+of+Adharbaij%C4%81n+in+the+fourteenth+century&rft.pages=53&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHistoryOfShaikhUwais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorbone2017" class="citation journal cs1">Borbone, Pier Giorgio (2017). "Marāgha Mdittā Arškitā". <i>Egitto e Vicino Oriente</i>. <b>40</b>: <span class="nowrap">109–</span>143. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0392-6885">0392-6885</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26490826">26490826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Egitto+e+Vicino+Oriente&rft.atitle=Mar%C4%81gha+Mditt%C4%81+Ar%C5%A1kit%C4%81&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26490826%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0392-6885&rft.aulast=Borbone&rft.aufirst=Pier+Giorgio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrinjin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&oldid=1248406417">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irinjin&oldid=1248406417</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1319_deaths" title="Category:1319 deaths">1319 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generals_of_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Category:Generals of the Mongol Empire">Generals of the Mongol Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Ilkhanate" title="Category:People from the Ilkhanate">People from the Ilkhanate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nestorians" title="Category:Nestorians">Nestorians</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)" title="Category:CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)">CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Standard_Tibetan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Standard Tibetan-language text">Articles containing Standard Tibetan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 09:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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