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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-例證" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#例證"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>例證</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-例證-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-爭議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#爭議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>爭議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-爭議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">照三歸知</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17039601#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&oldid=85213658" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&id=85213658&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2585%25A7%25E4%25B8%2589%25E6%25AD%25B8%25E7%259F%25A5"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2585%25A7%25E4%25B8%2589%25E6%25AD%25B8%25E7%259F%25A5"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17039601" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav 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<p><b>照三歸知</b>，又稱<b>照三歸端</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，為<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E4%BE%83" class="mw-redirect" title="黃侃">黃侃</a>所提出之<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語音韻學">漢語音韻學</a>規律，即中古漢語的<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E7%B5%84" title="照組">照組</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">三等</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E7%B5%84" title="章組">章組</a>）<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[tɕ]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[tɕʰ]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[ʥ]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[ɕ]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[ʑ]</span>，上古歸於<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E7%B5%84" title="知組">知組</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E7%B5%84" title="端組">端組</a>），即舌音<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[t]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[tʰ]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[d]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法">[n]</span>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <caption>上古聲母（<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平">白</a>沙構擬）在中古漢語（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韻音</a>）表現<br /><small>表中字母爲中古音<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3%E8%BD%89%E5%AF%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白一平轉寫（页面不存在）">白一平轉寫</a>對應的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a></small><br /><small>表中漢字爲《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E8%80%83" title="切韵考">切韻考</a>》字母</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" rowspan="2">上古音類</th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">全淸</a></th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">次淸</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%B5%8A%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="全浊声母">全濁</a></th> <th colspan="2">鼻</th> <th rowspan="2">淸</th> <th rowspan="2">濁 </th></tr> <tr> <th>上古開 </th> <th>上古合 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="次濁">次濁</a> </th> <th>淸鼻 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="牙音">牙音</a> </th> <th><small><small><div style="width:1.6em; float:right; line-height:1em; cursor:vertical-text; text-align:center;">三i</div><br /><div style="width:1.6em; float:right; line-height:1em; cursor:vertical-text; text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58896141">.mw-parser-output .serif{font-family:Times,serif}</style><span class="serif"><i>t</i></span>-</div></small></small> </th> <th>非 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="章母">章</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭塞擦音">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E6%AF%8D" title="昌母">昌</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tɕʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="常母">常/禪</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%BE%88%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊龈腭塞擦音">dʑ</a></span></span> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid hidden solid;" valign="bottom"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="羣母">羣</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">ɡʲʷ</a></span> </td> <td align="center">-- </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span> <small>（只需*<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="清软腭鼻音">ŋ̊</a></span><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a></span>）</small> </td> <td style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td> <td style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom-style:dotted;"> <th>三 </th> <th rowspan="4">* </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="見母">見</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">kʲ</a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="溪母">溪</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">kʰʲ</a></span></td> <td style="border-style: solid hidden solid solid;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="羣母">羣</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音">ɡ</a></span>ʲ</b></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E6%AF%8D" title="疑母">疑</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">ŋʲ</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">xʲ</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td> <td rowspan="8" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td></tr> <tr style="border-top-style:dotted;"> <th rowspan="2">ʕ </th> <td style="border-style:dotted solid solid solid;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="見母">見</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%89%8D%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清前小舌塞音（页面不存在）">k̠</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="溪母">溪</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relative articulation（页面不存在）">k̠ʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="匣母">匣</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relative articulation（页面不存在）">ɦ̟</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E6%AF%8D" title="疑母">疑</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="軟腭鼻音">ŋ</a></span></b> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%89%8D%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清前小舌擦音（页面不存在）">x̠</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E9%9F%B3" title="喉音">喉音</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E6%AF%8D" title="影母">影</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門塞音">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%89%8D%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清前小舌擦音（页面不存在）">x̠</a></span></b> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E6%AF%8D" title="影母">影</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門塞音">ʔ</a></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">三 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E6%AF%8D" title="影母">影</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">ʔʲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">xʲ</a></span> [<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span>]</span> </td> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="以母">喩四</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">ɦʲ</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E6%AF%8D_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="云母 (音韻)">喩三</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">ɦʲʷ</a></span></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E6%AF%8D" title="影母">影</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">ʔʲ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">邊音 </th> <th>非 </th> <td colspan="2" align="right"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="14" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">來 </th> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="right"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="徹母">徹</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">ʈʰ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">ʕ </th> <td rowspan="3" valign="bottom">(<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%AF%8D" title="澄母">澄</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁捲舌塞音">ɖ</a></span></b>) <p><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%AF%8D" title="定母">定</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞音">d</a></span></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">非 </th> <td colspan="2" align="right"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%AF%8D" title="透母">透</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tʰ</a></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%AF%8D" title="心母">心</a>? </td></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <th rowspan="4" valign="middle"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="舌音">舌音</a> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E6%AF%8D" title="端母">端</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞音">t</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%AF%8D" title="透母">透</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="泥母">泥</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音">n</a></span></b> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%AF%8D" title="透母">透</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tʰ</a></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%89%8D%E5%B0%8F%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清前小舌擦音（页面不存在）">x̠</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="4" valign="middle"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E6%AF%8D" title="來母">來</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%82%8A%E9%96%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦邊閃音">ɺ</a></span></b><sup>[<a href="#註甲">甲</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">來 </th> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E6%AF%8D_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="知母 (音韻)">知</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞音">ʈ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="徹母">徹</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">ʈʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%AF%8D" title="澄母">澄</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁捲舌塞音">ɖ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%AF%8D" title="娘母">娘</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌鼻音">ɳ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#BBB;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="徹母">徹</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">ʈʰʲ</a></span> (三等) </td> <td style="background:#BBB;" rowspan="2"><sup>[<a href="#註甲">甲</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">三 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">非 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="章母">章</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭塞擦音">tɕ</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E6%AF%8D" title="昌母">昌</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tɕʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="常母">常/禪</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%BE%88%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊龈腭塞擦音">dʑ</a></span></b></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="日母">日</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="硬腭鼻音">ȵ</a></span></b> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8C%96" title="腭音化">xʲ</a></span> [<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span>] </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="徹母">徹</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">ʈʰʲ</a></span><sup>[</sup><sup><a href="#註甲">甲</a>]</sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relative_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relative articulation（页面不存在）">x̠ʲ</a></span> [<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span>] </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif"><i>s</i></span>-<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r86131393">.mw-parser-output .template-kai{font-family:"Kaiti SC",TH-Khaai-TP0,TH-Khaai-TP2,TH-Feon-A,楷体,KaiTi,楷体_GB2312,KaiTi_GB2312,FandolKai,华文楷体,STKaiti,TH-Khaai-PP0,TH-Khaai-PP2,Kai,"Kaiti TC",BiauKai,"AR PL UKai CN",標楷體,DFKai-SB,"AR PL UKai HK","AR PL UKai TW",全字庫正楷體,TW-Kai,EUDCKAI,cursive}.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(zh-hant),.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(zh-tw),.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(nan-tw),.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(hak-tw){font-family:"Kaiti TC",標楷體,DFKai-SB,"AR PL UKai TW","AR PL UKai HK",BiauKai,Kai,全字庫正楷體,TW-Kai,"Kaiti SC",TH-Khaai-PP0,TH-Khaai-PP2,TH-Khaai-TP0,TH-Khaai-TP2,TH-Feon-A,楷体,KaiTi,楷体_GB2312,KaiTi_GB2312,FandolKai,华文楷体,STKaiti,"AR PL UKai CN",EUDCKAI,cursive}.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(zh-hk),.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(zh-mo){font-family:"Kaiti TC",標楷體,DFKai-SB,"AR PL UKai HK","AR PL UKai TW",BiauKai,Kai,全字庫正楷體,TW-Kai,"Kaiti SC",TH-Khaai-PP0,TH-Khaai-PP2,TH-Khaai-TP0,TH-Khaai-TP2,TH-Feon-A,楷体,KaiTi,楷体_GB2312,KaiTi_GB2312,FandolKai,华文楷体,STKaiti,"AR PL UKai CN",EUDCKAI,cursive}.mw-parser-output .template-kai:lang(ja){font-family:"HG正楷書体-PRO","有澤太楷書体","ＡＲ楷書体Ｍ","Kaiti TC",標楷體,DFKai-SB,"AR PL UKai HK","AR PL UKai TW",BiauKai,Kai,全字庫正楷體,TW-Kai,"Kaiti SC",TH-Khaai-PP0,TH-Khaai-PP2,TH-Khaai-TP0,TH-Khaai-TP2,TH-Feon-A,楷体,KaiTi,楷体_GB2312,KaiTi_GB2312,FandolKai,华文楷体,STKaiti,"AR PL UKai CN",EUDCKAI,cursive}</style><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="舌音">舌音</a></span> </th> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="船母">船</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齦腭擦音">ʑ</a></span></b><sup>[<a href="#註乙">乙</a>]</sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;" rowspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%AF%8D" title="心母">心</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai">生?</span>) </td> <td style="background:#BBB;" rowspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%AF%8D" title="清母">淸</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tsʰ</a></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai">生?</span>) </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%AF%8D" title="初母">初</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tʂʰʲ</a></span><sup>[</sup><sup></sup><sup><a href="#註甲">甲</a>]</sup> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;" rowspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AF%8D" title="生母">生</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音">ʂ</a></span><sup>[</sup><sup><a href="#註甲">甲</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">來 </th> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E6%AF%8D" title="莊母">莊</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞擦音">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%AF%8D" title="初母">初</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tʂʰ</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%AF%8D" title="崇母">崇</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌塞擦音">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;" rowspan="2"><sup>[<a href="#註甲">甲</a>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">ʕ </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">非 </th> <td rowspan="2" valign="bottom"><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%AF%8D" title="精母">精</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音">ts</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" valign="bottom"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%AF%8D" title="清母">淸</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tsʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" valign="bottom"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E6%AF%8D" title="從母">從</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦塞擦音">dz</a></span></b> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%AF%8D" title="清母">淸</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tsʰ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%9F%B3" title="齿音">齒音</a> </th> <th rowspan="5">* </th> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%AF%8D" title="心母">心</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th rowspan="2">來 </th> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E6%AF%8D" title="莊母">莊</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞擦音">tʂ</a></span></b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%AF%8D" title="初母">初</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">tʂʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%AF%8D" title="崇母">崇</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌塞擦音">dʐ</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AF%8D" title="生母">生</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音">ʂ</a></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif"><i>s</i></span>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%89%E9%9F%B3" title="喉音">喉音</a></span> </th> <td><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9F%E6%AF%8D" title="俟母">俟</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊卷舌擦音">ʐ</a></span></b> </td> <td align="center">-- </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#666;" align="center">- </td></tr> <tr> <th>非 </th> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%AF%8D" title="心母">心</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音">s</a></span> [<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span>] </td> <td colspan="2"><b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="邪母">邪</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音">z</a></span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">脣音</a> </th> <th>* </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E6%AF%8D" title="幫母">幫</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音">p</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%82%E6%AF%8D" title="滂母">滂</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="送氣">pʰ</a></span></b> </td> <td colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E6%AF%8D" title="並母">並</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁雙唇塞音">b</a></span></b> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%AF%8D" title="明母">明</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音">m</a></span></b> </td> <td style="background:#BBB;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭擦音">x</a></span> [<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭擦音">ɕ</a></span>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="11"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:100%; width:px; float:left; border:0; margin-top:-1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FDFDFD;">註釋 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;"><sup>一（複輔音）</sup> 上古複輔音行用<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai">楷體</span>標記。僅列出各中古聲母主要來源，其餘上古複輔音省略，粗體爲變化不大的傳承音或主要來源。上古淸鼻音雖不作爲中古聲母主要來源，但作爲上古單輔音聲母仍然列出。另外，對閩語白讀息息相關的「牙音開口三等接i（不來化）與<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif"><i>t</i></span>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai">牙音不來化</span>」組也被單獨列出；<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif"><i>t</i></span>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai">來化牙音</span>歸知不再單列。<br /> <p><sup>二（三等、音標）</sup> 「ʕ」行代表上古非<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">三等</a>聲母；三等聲母在中古時期有j介音，並多流入今日的細音（i、ü介音）。「ʕ」源於白一平兒給上古漢語非三等音節構擬的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%BD%E5%8C%96" title="咽化">咽化</a>記號「ˁ」，在鄭張構擬中非三等被構擬爲長元音呼。注意三等聲母與合口呼的介音並非絕對（卽便在白一平轉寫中），更無證據是表中所用的上標（共同發聲），此處所用音標上標衹爲方便理解，近似國際音標但不宜對號入座。<br /> <sup>三（二等、來母化）</sup> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">來母化</a>是上古到中古聲母演變的重要因素，由上古「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E6%AF%8D" title="來母">來</a>」介音所致，中古表現爲二等或三等<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E9%88%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重鈕（页面不存在）">乙</a>；爲節約空間，中古聲母後接圓括號中的聲母指未成行的上古來母化聲母去向。<br /> <sup>四（來化與兒化）</sup> 來母化與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96" title="兒化">兒化</a>均與r音相關，但非常不同；來母化必定與r相關而兒化衹在北方方言中恰巧變成了r音：<br /> </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><sup>四甲</sup> 兒化是「兒」尾音融入上個音節韻尾的現象，不一定有帶有r音參與，產生的韻尾也也不一定與r相關。如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A2%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="衢州話">衢州話</a>「筷<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb><small><small>兒</small></small></rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">n</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>」就是「筷」的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>兒</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">ni</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>化音，屬於添加鼻尾；又如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="杭州话">杭州話</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="晉語">晉語</a>中兒化爲添加l尾。</span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r86131393" /><span class="template-kai"><sup>四乙</sup> 來母化是純粹的聲母併合產生舌頭發翹的現象，例如「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>西</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">xī</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>紅</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">óng</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>𣐈</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">r̀</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>炒</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">chǎo</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>雞蛋」「<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>西</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">xī</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>紅</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">óng</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>似</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">s̀</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80905552" /><ruby class="zy center"><rb>操</rb><rp>（</rp><rt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">cǎo</span></rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>雞蛋」中「炒」（白沙*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">[tsʰ](ˤ)r[e]wʔ</span>/鄭張*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">sʰroːʔ > tsrhæwX</span>）卽是「操」（白沙*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">[tsʰ]ˤawʔ > tshawX</span>）或「草」（鄭張<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">*sʰuːʔ > tshawX</span>）的來化；從「兕/似/自/字」（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">[d]zi[j]X</span>）至「𣐈」（<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141" /><span class="serif">dzri[j]X</span>）的變化也可理解爲是否來母化（dz > dzr）之差異。</span></dd></dl> <p><sup>五（上古構擬）</sup> 目前，儘管絕大多數上古構擬均顯示原始漢語的複輔音在上古時期尚未崩塌，但具體有哪些、去向如何、怎樣構擬都有較大不確定性，本表格雖基於白沙上古音，但側重選取相對成熟、卽便認上古無複輔音（如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="王力">王力</a>方案）也逃不開的聲母音類。除非學術硏討，使用時不宜過度認眞，不必過度追究每一個前綴，將每一行看作一個特定的上古聲母並忽略首列的上古發音方式（如複輔音）構擬。<br /> <sup>六（中古構擬）</sup> 此表之中古音（白一平轉寫）非共時構擬，也不代表古代某個特定的地區的方言。不同音位在不同地區音值會有不同速度的發展；例如，<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%84%89%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦鄉話">瓦鄉話</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E6%AF%8D" title="來母">來母</a>直至近代仍保留著r音、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%AF%8D" title="定母">定母</a>邊音、塞音至今仍未合流。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a>在《切韻》成熟後很久纔被製成，而以《切韻考》爲基礎的各切韻音構擬均不易完全擺脫三十六字母晚期語音的影響，白一平轉寫雖試圖歸併了一些聲母（如端組知組與章組、精組與莊組、匣母以母與云母）去除晚期影響，但不再是共時構擬。因此，使用本表應將每個國際音標看作某個時間某種早期方言大概的音值。<br /> <sup>七（中古音位）</sup> 切韻音本身就基於兩地方言製作，不同地區不同時代音值會有所歸併或分化；當代每種漢語方言都或多或少可由切韻音解釋，又或多或少存在與切韻音不符的存古與創新，<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%84%89%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦鄉話">瓦鄉話</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>白讀層尤其明顯。音位的概念因人、地區而異，絕對的音位是僞概念。例如，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="官話">官話</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>中「j」組聲母同時與「zh」組、「z」組、「g」組呈互補分佈，在部分<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣國語">臺灣南部國語腔</a>中「j」組常與「z」組統作一組音位（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="女国音">女國音</a>），在西方漢語學習者中，「j」組常與「z」組統作一組音位，在膠東等分<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖團</a>地區「j」組又易與「g」組統作一組音位，甚至同一個人在不同時期可能存在不同的歸併方式；又如，中古時期反切者時而將見組三等淸音與非三等淸音分開反切，時而又混同。因此，表格中的每一對合併的單元格，每一條虛線、實線都應模糊理解，去加以懷疑。 </p> <hr /> <p><span class="anchor" id="註甲"></span><sup>[甲]</sup> 來母及其淸輔音本身不存在以來母作介音的變體，在白沙構擬中亦無長輔音音位。然而，從演變規律上來說，淸舌頭閃音（*r̥、*s.r̥）逢三等可被自己「來母化」而產生徹母、初母翹舌；s-舌頭閃音（*s-r）不論等呼一律與來母化的淸齒噝音（*sr）合流，歸入中古二等或三等乙生成翹舌。其餘情形未見翹舌現象發生。<br /> <span class="anchor" id="註乙"></span><sup>[乙]</sup> 並非主要來源，爲簡潔故未將主源納入本表格。 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="例證"><span id=".E4.BE.8B.E8.AD.89"></span>例證</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：例證"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>古讀“周”如“雕”、“專”如“耑”、“支”如“鞮”。周、專、支是中古照系三等，而雕、耑、鞮是上古端系；</li> <li>彫、雕、琱、鵰、調皆從周得聲，古讀“周”如“雕”。周是中古照系三等，而雕是上古端系。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="爭議"><span id=".E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0"></span>爭議</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：爭議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>照三歸知並未像<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a>那那樣得到普遍認同。其原因在於照三組字音來源複雜，並非都來自知組（端組），如“樞，昌朱切”“杵，昌與切”，都是中古照三組字，而樞從區得聲，杵從午得聲，區、午都是見組字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">因<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" class="mw-redirect" title="錢大昕">錢大昕</a>已經證明<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上音</a>，故黃侃說照系三等歸知系，實際上等於照系三等歸端系。</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WJZZ200911020.htm">上古声母研究概述</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190731202810/http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-WJZZ200911020.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95" title="直音法">直音法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="漢語音節結構">音節結構</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韻)">五音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清濁音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="零聲母">零聲母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">等呼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%88" title="开合">开合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E8%85%B9" title="韵腹">韵腹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" title="舒声韵">舒声韵</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陰聲韻" title="舒声韵">阴声韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陽聲韻" title="舒声韵">阳声韵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入聲韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%9F%BB" title="空韻">空韻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%80%BC" title="調值">調值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" title="五度标记法">五度标记法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%88%E6%B3%95" title="發圈法">發圈法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E8%AA%BF" title="變調">變調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2%E5%88%A5%E7%BE%A9" title="四聲別義">四聲別義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%99%BD%E5%85%A5" title="高陽入">高陽入</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%99%B0%E5%85%A5" title="低陰入">低陰入</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语拼音音节列表">汉语拼音音节列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96#汉语兒化韻表" title="兒化">汉语儿化韵表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古代汉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="上古音">上古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E5%A3%B0" title="古四声">古四声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">照三歸知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="上古漢語濁輔音韻尾假說">濁輔音韻尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">中古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">魏晉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="宋代汴洛语音">宋代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="中古聲母">中古聲母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="等韻學">等韻學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="韻圖">韻圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%B3%95" title="门法">门法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系联法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83" title="十三元">十三元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87" title="異文">異文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="对音">对音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="洛阳音">洛阳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="梵汉对音">梵汉对音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="近代汉语">近古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%88%9D%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明初官话音系">明初</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明清官話音系">明清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖团音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%BF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="平翹音">平翹音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96" title="兒化">兒化音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B5" title="子变韵">子变韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="平分阴阳">平分阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上變去">濁上變去</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="见系声母二等开口字的演变">见开二的演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">祖語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始漢藏語">原始漢藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代分支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="現代標準漢語音系">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="晋语">晋语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="標準粵語">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="贛語方言">方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="贛語的音韻特徵">音韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E8%A9%9E" title="贛語特徵詞">詞彙</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古百越語詞列表（页面不存在）">古百越詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古吳語詞列表（页面不存在）">古吳語詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古楚語詞列表（页面不存在）">古楚語詞</a>）</li> <li>歷史（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古贛語（页面不存在）">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中古贛語">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中世贛語">中世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近世贛語">近世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近代贛語">近代</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E3%80%81%E8%B4%9B%E3%80%81%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA" title="客、贛、通泰方言源於南朝通語說">南朝通语说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="贛客語支">客贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粵贛方言">粵贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%96%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吳閩方言">吳閩方言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89" title="高本汉">高本汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%85%83%E4%BB%BB" title="赵元任">赵元任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%90%8C%E9%BE%A2" title="董同龢">董同龢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A6%E6%96%B0" title="丁邦新">丁邦新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%84" title="陳新雄">陳新雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%81" title="竺家宁">竺家宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91" title="谢尔盖·阿纳托利耶维奇·斯塔罗斯金">斯塔罗斯京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平">白一平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="蒲立本">蒲立本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到官话的语音演变">从中古汉语到官话的语音演变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变">从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="古漢語聲母" style="display:table;;width: 800px;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="Template:古漢語聲母"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:古漢語聲母（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:古漢語聲母"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="古漢語聲母" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">古漢語聲母</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#DDF;padding:0 .25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a> </th> <td style="background:#fdfdfd;padding:0 .25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韻)">五音<span style="user-select:none"><b><span style="text-align: center; text-indent:0; display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;">·</span></b></span>七音</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清濁音</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全清声母（页面不存在）">全清</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%B8%85%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次清声母（页面不存在）">次清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%B5%8A%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="全浊声母">全浊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A1%E6%B5%8A%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="次浊声母（页面不存在）">次浊</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#DDF;padding:0 .25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD#上古漢語聲母" title="上古汉语">古紐</a>論斷 </th> <td style="background:#f7f7f7;padding:0 .25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕脣音</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上音</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日归泥</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒音</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">照三歸端</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古音無邪紐</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background:#DDF">早期中古漢語（<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韻音</a>）聲母</th> <th colspan="9" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#F5F5F5"></th> <th style="background:#DDF">全清</th> <th style="background:#DDF">次清</th> <th style="background:#DDF">全濁</th> <th style="background:#DDF">次濁</th> <th style="background:#DDF">全清</th> <th style="background:#DDF">全濁</th> <th colspan="3" style="background:#F5F5F5"></th> <th style="background:#DDF">全清</th> <th style="background:#DDF">次清</th> <th style="background:#DDF">全濁</th> <th style="background:#DDF">次濁</th> <th style="background:#DDF">全清</th> <th style="background:#DDF">全濁 </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">脣音</a></th> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E7%B5%84" title="幫組">幫組</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E6%AF%8D" title="幫母">幫</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%82%E6%AF%8D" title="滂母">滂</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E6%AF%8D" title="並母">並</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%AF%8D" title="明母">明</a></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="唇音">脣音</a> </th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="双唇音">重脣音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E7%B5%84" title="幫組">幫組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%AB%E6%AF%8D" title="幫母">幫</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%82%E6%AF%8D" title="滂母">滂</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E6%AF%8D" title="並母">並</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%AF%8D" title="明母">明</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒音">輕脣音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B5%84" title="非組">非組</a> </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非母（页面不存在）">非</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B7%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敷母（页面不存在）">敷</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉母（页面不存在）">奉</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%AF%8D" title="微母">微</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="舌音">舌音</a> </th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="龈音">舌頭音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E7%B5%84" title="端組">端組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E6%AF%8D" title="端母">端</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%AF%8D" title="透母">透</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%AF%8D" title="定母">定</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="泥母">泥</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="舌音">舌音</a> </th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="龈音">舌頭音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E7%B5%84" title="端組">端組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E6%AF%8D" title="端母">端</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%AF%8D" title="透母">透</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%AF%8D" title="定母">定</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="泥母">泥</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88-%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="龈-腭音">舌上音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E7%B5%84" title="知組">知組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E6%AF%8D_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="知母 (音韻)">知</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="徹母">徹</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%AF%8D" title="澄母">澄</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%AF%8D" title="娘母">娘</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88-%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="龈-腭音">舌上音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E7%B5%84" title="知組">知組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E6%AF%8D_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="知母 (音韻)">知</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="徹母">徹</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%AF%8D" title="澄母">澄</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%AF%8D" title="娘母">娘</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <th rowspan="3" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒音">齒音</a> </th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="龈音">齒頭音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%B5%84" title="精組">精組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%AF%8D" title="精母">精</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%AF%8D" title="清母">清</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E6%AF%8D" title="從母">從</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%AF%8D" title="心母">心</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="邪母">邪</a> </td> <th rowspan="3" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒音">齒音</a> </th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="龈音">齒頭音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%B5%84" title="精組">精組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E6%AF%8D" title="精母">精</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%AF%8D" title="清母">清</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E6%AF%8D" title="從母">從</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%AF%8D" title="心母">心</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="邪母">邪</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88-%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="龈-腭音">正齒音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E7%B5%84" title="章組">照三</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E6%AF%8D" title="章母">章</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E6%AF%8D" title="昌母">昌</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="常母">常</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%AF%8D" title="書母">書</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E6%AF%8D" title="船母">船</a> </td> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%88-%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="龈-腭音">正齒音</a></th> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E7%B5%84" title="照組">照組</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E6%AF%8D" title="照母">照</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E6%AF%8D" title="穿母">穿</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%80%E6%AF%8D_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="牀母 (音韻)">牀</a></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A9%E6%AF%8D" title="審母">審</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="禪母">禪</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E7%B5%84" title="莊組">照二</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E6%AF%8D" title="莊母">莊</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%AF%8D" title="初母">初</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%AF%8D" title="崇母">崇</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AF%8D" title="生母">生</a></td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9F%E6%AF%8D" title="俟母">俟</a>) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">牙音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E7%B5%84" title="見組">見組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="見母">見</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="溪母">溪</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="羣母">羣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E6%AF%8D" title="疑母">疑</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">牙音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E7%B5%84" title="見組">見組</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="見母">見</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA%E6%AF%8D" title="溪母">溪</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="羣母">羣</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E6%AF%8D" title="疑母">疑</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門音">喉音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E6%AF%8D" title="影母">影</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E6%AF%8D" title="以母">喻四</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="匣母">匣</a>、<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E6%AF%8D_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="云母 (音韻)">喻三</a> </td> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門音">喉音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E6%AF%8D" title="影母">影</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E6%AF%8D" title="喻母">喻</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%89%E6%AF%8D" title="曉母">曉</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%A3%E6%AF%8D" title="匣母">匣</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">半舌音</a></th> <th style="background:#E6E6FE"> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E6%AF%8D" title="來母">來</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DDF"><a 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