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Werner Heisenberg – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Fontes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fontes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Werner Heisenberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 111 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="فيرنر هايزنبيرغ — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيرنر هايزنبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فيرنر هايزنبيرج — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيرنر هايزنبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="ৱাৰ্নাৰ হাইজেনবাৰ্গ — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱাৰ্নাৰ হাইজেনবাৰ্গ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — aimará" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verner_Heyzenberq" title="Verner Heyzenberq — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Verner Heyzenberq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورنر کارل هایزنبرگ — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ورنر کارل هایزنبرگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Карл Гайзенберг — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вернер Карл Гайзенберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вэрнэр Карл Гайзэнбэрг — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэрнэр Карл Гайзэнбэрг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Хайзенберг — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вернер Хайзенберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="ওয়ার্নার কার্ল হাইজেনবার্গ — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়ার্নার কার্ল হাইজেনবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1_%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ڤێرنەر ھایزنبێرگ — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤێرنەر ھایزنبێرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Гейзенберг Вернер Карл — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гейзенберг Вернер Карл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Βέρνερ Χάιζενμπεργκ — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βέρνερ Χάιζενμπεργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورنر هایزنبرگ — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ورنر هایزنبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="ורנר הייזנברג — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ורנר הייזנברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="वर्नर हाइजनबर्ग — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्नर हाइजनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Karl_Heisenberg" title="Werner Karl Heisenberg — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Werner Karl Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Վերներ Հայզենբերգ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերներ Հայզենբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Karl_Heisenberg" title="Werner Karl Heisenberg — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Werner Karl Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF" title="ヴェルナー・ハイゼンベルク — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェルナー・ハイゼンベルク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ვერნერ ჰაიზენბერგი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვერნერ ჰაიზენბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Гейзенберг — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вернер Гейзенберг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ವರ್ನರ್ ಹೈಸನ್ಬರ್ಗ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವರ್ನರ್ ಹೈಸನ್ಬರ್ಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%88_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%A0%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="베르너 하이젠베르크 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르너 하이젠베르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Гейзенберг — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вернер Гейзенберг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernerus_Heisenberg" title="Wernerus Heisenberg — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wernerus Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verners_Heizenbergs" title="Verners Heizenbergs — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Verners Heizenbergs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Хајзенберг — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вернер Хајзенберг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="വെർണർ ഹൈസെൻബെർഗ് — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെർണർ ഹൈസെൻബെർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Хайзенберг — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вернер Хайзенберг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="वर्नर हायझेनबर्ग — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वर्नर हायझेनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဝန်နာ ဟိုင်ဇင်ဘတ် — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝန်နာ ဟိုင်ဇင်ဘတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورنر هایزنبرگ — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ورنر هایزنبرگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="वर्नर हाइजेनबर्ग — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वर्नर हाइजेनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਵਰਨਰ ਆਈਜਨਬਰਗ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਨਰ ਆਈਜਨਬਰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Karl_Heisenberg" title="Werner Karl Heisenberg — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Werner Karl Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورنر ہائسنبرگ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ورنر ہائسنبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="وايرنر هايزنبرګ — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وايرنر هايزنبرګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гейзенберг, Вернер — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гейзенберг, Вернер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="वर्नर हाइजेनबर्ग — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वर्नर हाइजेनबर्ग" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Karl_Heisenberg" title="Werner Karl Heisenberg — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Werner Karl Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Karl_Heisenberg" title="Werner Karl Heisenberg — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Werner Karl Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Хајзенберг — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вернер Хајзенберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="வெர்னர் ஐசன்பர்க் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெர்னர் ஐசன்பர்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="వెర్నర్ హైసెన్బర్గ్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెర్నర్ హైసెన్బర్గ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="แวร์เนอร์ ไฮเซินแบร์ค — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แวร์เนอร์ ไฮเซินแบร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heyzenberg" title="Werner Heyzenberg — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Werner Heyzenberg" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вернер Гейзенберг — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вернер Гейзенберг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="ورنر ہیزنبرگ — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ورنر ہیزنبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="维尔纳·海森堡 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="维尔纳·海森堡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="უერნერ ჰეიზენბერგი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="უერნერ ჰეიზენბერგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%92" title="ווערנער הייזנבערג — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווערנער הייזנבערג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="维尔纳·海森堡 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维尔纳·海森堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Werner Heisenberg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="海森堡 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="海森堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Werner_Heisenberg" 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Para o personagem fictício de Breaking Bad, veja <a href="/wiki/Walter_White_(Breaking_Bad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter White (Breaking Bad)">Walter White (Breaking Bad)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class=""><span style="color:blue;">Werner Heisenberg</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel" title="Medalha Nobel"><img alt="Medalha Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262,_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Werner Heisenberg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Werner Heisenberg</figcaption></figure></div>Heisenberg em 1933 </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/5_de_dezembro#Nascimentos" title="5 de dezembro">5 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Alem%C3%A3o" title="Império Alemão">Império Alemão</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/1_de_fevereiro" title="1 de fevereiro">1 de fevereiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a> (74 anos)</span><br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Munique" title="Munique">Munique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha_Ocidental" title="Alemanha Ocidental">Alemanha Ocidental</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Sepultamento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Waldfriedhof_de_Munique" title="Waldfriedhof de Munique">Waldfriedhof de Munique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Alem%C3%A3es" title="Alemães">Alemão</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Alem%C3%A3o" title="Império Alemão">Império Alemão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Weimar" title="República de Weimar">República de Weimar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha_Nazista" title="Alemanha Nazista">Alemanha Nazista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha_Ocidental" title="Alemanha Ocidental">Alemanha Ocidental</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Progenitores </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>August Heisenberg</li><li>Annie Heisenberg</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cônjuge </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Elisabeth Heisenberg </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Filho(a)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Jochen_Heisenberg" title="Jochen Heisenberg">Jochen Heisenberg</a>, Martin Heisenberg, Anna Maria Hirsch-Heisenberg, Wolfgang Heisenberg, Christine Mann, Barbara Heisenberg, Verena Heisenberg </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Irmão(ã)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Erwin Heisenberg </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Munique" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade de Munique">Universidade de Munique</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">físico teórico </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a> (1929)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a> (1932)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Max_Planck" title="Medalha Max Planck">Medalha Max Planck</a> (1933)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_Internacional_Niels_Bohr" title="Medalha de Ouro Internacional Niels Bohr">Medalha de Ouro Internacional Niels Bohr</a> (1970)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hall_da_Fama_da_Pesquisa_Alem%C3%A3" title="Hall da Fama da Pesquisa Alemã">Hall da Fama da Pesquisa Alemã</a> (2009)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Universidade de Göttingen">Universidade de Göttingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Copenhague" title="Universidade de Copenhague">Universidade de Copenhague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Leipzig" title="Universidade de Leipzig">Universidade de Leipzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Humboldt_de_Berlim" title="Universidade Humboldt de Berlim">Universidade Humboldt de Berlim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_St._Andrews" title="Universidade de St. Andrews">Universidade de St. Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Lu%C3%ADs_Maximiliano_de_Munique" title="Universidade Luís Maximiliano de Munique">Universidade Luís Maximiliano de Munique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Max_Planck_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Instituto Max Planck de Física">Instituto Max Planck de Física</a>, <a href="/wiki/Projeto_de_energia_nuclear_alem%C3%A3o" title="Projeto de energia nuclear alemão">Projeto de energia nuclear alemão</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Orientado(a)(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Bagge" title="Erich Bagge">Erich Bagge</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Heimo_Dolch" title="Heimo Dolch">Heimo Dolch</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_D%C3%BCrr" title="Hans-Peter Dürr">Hans-Peter Dürr</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Heinrich_Euler" title="Hans Heinrich Euler">Hans Heinrich Euler</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Foh-San" title="Wang Foh-San">Wang Foh-San</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Werner_G%C3%BCttinger" title="Werner Güttinger">Werner Güttinger</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Arthur_Jahn" title="Hermann Arthur Jahn">Hermann Arthur Jahn</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Kockel" title="Bernhard Kockel">Bernhard Kockel</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Macke" title="Wilhelm Macke">Wilhelm Macke</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mittelstaedt" title="Peter Mittelstaedt">Peter Mittelstaedt</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Oehme" title="Reinhard Oehme">Reinhard Oehme</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schulten" title="Rudolf Schulten">Rudolf Schulten</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Raziuddin_Siddiqi" title="Raziuddin Siddiqi">Raziuddin Siddiqi</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Supek" title="Ivan Supek">Ivan Supek</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Symanzik" title="Kurt Symanzik">Kurt Symanzik</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C8%98erban_%C8%9Ai%C8%9Beica" title="Șerban Țițeica">Șerban Țițeica</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker">Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Friedwardt_Winterberg" title="Friedwardt Winterberg">Friedwardt Winterberg</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Universidade de Göttingen">Universidade de Göttingen</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Copenhague" title="Universidade de Copenhague">Universidade de Copenhague</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Leipzig" title="Universidade de Leipzig">Universidade de Leipzig</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Humboldt_de_Berlim" title="Universidade Humboldt de Berlim">Universidade Humboldt de Berlim</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Munique" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade de Munique">Universidade de Munique</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">Física</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Obras destacadas </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Princ%C3%ADpio_da_incerteza_de_Heisenberg" title="Princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg">princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg</a>, Kramers–Heisenberg formula, grupo de Heisenberg, <a href="/wiki/Isospin" title="Isospin">isospin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Causa da morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Carcinoma_de_c%C3%A9lulas_renais" title="Carcinoma de células renais">carcinoma de células renais</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2ncer_de_ves%C3%ADcula_biliar" title="Câncer de vesícula biliar">câncer de vesícula biliar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Assinatura </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assinatura de Werner Heisenberg"><img alt="Assinatura de Werner Heisenberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg/128px-Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg/192px-Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg/256px-Werner_Heisenberg_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="168" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40904" class="extiw" title="d:Q40904">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Werner Karl Heisenberg</b> (<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_de_dezembro" title="5 de dezembro">5 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> — <a href="/wiki/Munique" title="Munique">Munique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_de_fevereiro" title="1 de fevereiro">1 de fevereiro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_te%C3%B3rica" title="Física teórica">físico teórico</a> <a href="/wiki/Alem%C3%A3es" title="Alemães">alemão</a> que recebeu o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a> de 1932, "pela criação da <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">mecânica quântica</a>, cujas aplicações levaram à descoberta, entre outras, das formas <a href="/wiki/Alotropia" title="Alotropia">alotrópicas</a> do <a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogênio">hidrogênio</a>". </p><p>Juntamente com <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Jordan" title="Pascual Jordan">Pascual Jordan</a>, Heisenberg estabeleceu as bases da <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_matricial" title="Mecânica matricial">formulação matricial</a> da <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">mecânica quântica</a> em 1925. Em 1927, publicou o artigo <i>Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik</i>, em que apresenta o <a href="/wiki/Princ%C3%ADpio_da_incerteza_de_Heisenberg" title="Princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg">Princípio da incerteza</a>. Também fez importantes contribuições teóricas nos campos da <a href="/wiki/Hidrodin%C3%A2mica" title="Hidrodinâmica">hidrodinâmica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Turbul%C3%AAncia" title="Turbulência">escoamentos turbulentos</a>, no estudo do <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B4mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Núcleo atômico">núcleo atômico</a>, do <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismo" title="Ferromagnetismo">ferromagnetismo</a>, dos <a href="/wiki/Raio_c%C3%B3smico" title="Raio cósmico">raios cósmicos</a> e das <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADculas_subat%C3%B4micas" class="mw-redirect" title="Partículas subatômicas">partículas subatômicas</a>. Teve ainda uma contribuição fundamental no planejamento do primeiro <a href="/wiki/Reator_nuclear" title="Reator nuclear">reator nuclear</a> alemão em <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> e de um reator de pesquisa em <a href="/wiki/Munique" title="Munique">Munique</a>, em 1957. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Heisenberg,Werner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Heisenberg%2CWerner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg/200px-Heisenberg%2CWerner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Heisenberg%2CWerner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg/300px-Heisenberg%2CWerner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Heisenberg%2CWerner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg/400px-Heisenberg%2CWerner_1924_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Heisenberg na apresentação de sua <a href="/wiki/Habilita%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Habilitação">habilitação</a> em 1924, fotografado por <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hund" title="Friedrich Hund">Friedrich Hund</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Após a guerra, foi nomeado diretor do <a href="/wiki/Sociedade_Kaiser_Wilhelm" title="Sociedade Kaiser Wilhelm">Instituto Kaiser Wilhelm de Física</a>, que mais tarde passou a ser denominado <i><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Max_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Max Planck">Instituto Max Planck</a> de Física</i>. Ele dirigiu o instituto até sua transferência para Munique em 1958, quando foi ampliado e renomeado <i>Instituto Max Planck de Física e Astrofísica</i>. Heisenberg foi ainda presidente do <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Forschungsgemeinschaft" title="Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft">Conselho de Pesquisa Alemão</a>, presidente da Comissão de Física Atômica, presidente do Grupo de Física Nuclear de Trabalho, e presidente da <a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Fundação Alexander von Humboldt">Fundação Alexander von Humboldt</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anos_iniciais">Anos iniciais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Anos iniciais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Anos iniciais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Werner Karl Heisenberg nasceu em <a href="/wiki/Wurtzburgo" title="Wurtzburgo">Würzburg</a>, Alemanha, filho de Annie Wecklein e Karspar Ernst August Heisenberg,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> um professor secundarista de línguas clássicas que se tornou o único <i>ordentlicher Professor</i> (professor ordinário) de estudos medievais e <a href="/wiki/Grego_moderno" title="Grego moderno">grego moderno</a> no sistema universitário da Alemanha.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Heisenberg,Werner_1926.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Heisenberg%2CWerner_1926.jpeg/200px-Heisenberg%2CWerner_1926.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Heisenberg%2CWerner_1926.jpeg/300px-Heisenberg%2CWerner_1926.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Heisenberg%2CWerner_1926.jpeg/400px-Heisenberg%2CWerner_1926.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>Heisenberg em 1926.</figcaption></figure> <p>Heisenberg foi criado e viveu como um cristão <a href="/wiki/Luteranismo" title="Luteranismo">luterano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Sua autobiografia começa com o jovem Heisenberg no final da adolescência, lendo o <i><a href="/wiki/Timeu_(di%C3%A1logo)" title="Timeu (diálogo)">Timeu</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%A3o" title="Platão">Platão</a> durante uma caminhada nos Alpes da Baviera. Heisenberg recontou as conversas filosóficas com seus colegas estudantes e professores sobre a compreensão do <a href="/wiki/%C3%81tomo" title="Átomo">átomo</a> enquanto recebia seu treinamento científico em Munique, Göttingen e Copenhague.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Heisenberg afirmaria mais tarde que "Minha mente foi formada estudando filosofia, Platão e esse tipo de coisa".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> e que "a física moderna definitivamente decidiu a favor de Platão. Na verdade, as menores unidades de matéria não são objetos físicos no sentido comum; são <a href="/wiki/Teoria_das_ideias" title="Teoria das ideias">formas, ideias</a> que podem ser expressas de forma inequívoca apenas em linguagem matemática".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carreira_científica"><span id="Carreira_cient.C3.ADfica"></span>Carreira científica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Carreira científica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Carreira científica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em 1924 Heisenberg tornou-se assistente de <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a> no <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Universidade de Göttingen">centro universitário</a> de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>, transferiu-se para <a href="/wiki/Copenhague" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhague">Copenhague</a>, onde trabalhou com <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>. No ano seguinte desenvolveu a <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_matricial" title="Mecânica matricial">mecânica matricial</a>, o que constituiu o primeiro desenvolvimento da <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">mecânica quântica</a>. Em 1927 passou a ensinar física na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Leipzig" title="Universidade de Leipzig">Universidade de Leipzig</a>, onde enunciou o <a href="/wiki/Princ%C3%ADpio_da_incerteza_de_Heisenberg" title="Princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg">Princípio da incerteza</a>, segundo o qual é impossível medir simultaneamente e com precisão absoluta a <a href="/wiki/Posi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Posição">posição</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Momento_linear" title="Momento linear">momento linear</a> de uma <a href="/wiki/Part%C3%ADcula" title="Partícula">partícula</a>, isto é, a determinação conjunta do momento e posição de uma partícula, necessariamente, contém erros não menores que a <a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Planck" title="Constante de Planck">constante de Planck</a>. Esses erros são desprezíveis em âmbito <a href="/wiki/Macrosc%C3%B3pico" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroscópico">macroscópico</a>, porém se tornam importantes para o estudo de partículas atômicas; as duas grandezas podem ser determinadas exatamente de forma separada, quanto mais exata for uma delas, mais incerta se torna a outra. </p><p>Em 1932, recebeu o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a> pela "criação da <a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">mecânica quântica</a>, cuja aplicação possibilitou, entre outras, a descoberta das <a href="/wiki/Alotropia" title="Alotropia">formas alotrópicas</a> do <a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogênio">hidrogênio</a>". De 1942 a 1945, dirigiu o <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Max_Planck" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Max Planck">Instituto Max Planck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlim" title="Berlim">Berlim</a>. Durante a <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a> trabalhou com <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a>, um dos descobridores da <a href="/wiki/Fiss%C3%A3o_nuclear" title="Fissão nuclear">fissão nuclear</a>, no projeto de um <a href="/wiki/Reator_nuclear" title="Reator nuclear">reator nuclear</a> (<i>ver: <a href="/wiki/Projeto_de_energia_nuclear_alem%C3%A3o" title="Projeto de energia nuclear alemão">Projeto de energia nuclear alemão</a></i>). Sendo o líder do programa de construção de <a href="/wiki/Bomba_at%C3%B4mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomba atômica">bomba atômica</a> dos alemães, o que motivou inclusive <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> a pôr fim na amizade entre eles. Heisenberg organizou e dirigiu o Instituto de Física e <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">Astrofísica</a> de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>. Em 1958, o Instituto de Física e Astrofísica foi mudado para <a href="/wiki/Munique" title="Munique">Munique</a>, onde o <a href="/wiki/Cientista" title="Cientista">cientista</a> se concentrou na pesquisa sobre a teoria das partículas elementares, fez descobertas sobre a estrutura do <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B4mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Núcleo atômico">núcleo atômico</a>, da <a href="/wiki/Hidrodin%C3%A2mica" title="Hidrodinâmica">hidrodinâmica</a> das <a href="/wiki/Turbul%C3%AAncia" title="Turbulência">turbulências</a>, dos <a href="/wiki/Raios_c%C3%B3smicos" class="mw-redirect" title="Raios cósmicos">raios cósmicos</a> e do <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismo" title="Ferromagnetismo">ferromagnetismo</a>. </p><p>Heisenberg participou das <a href="/wiki/Confer%C3%AAncia_de_Solvay" title="Conferência de Solvay">conferências de Solvay</a> de 1927 (<i>Elétrons e fótons</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> 1930 (<i>Magnetismo</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> e 1933 (<i>Estrutura e propriedades dos núcleos atômicos</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Segunda_Guerra_Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Segunda Guerra Mundial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Segunda Guerra Mundial"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Apesar de controvérsias sobre seu trabalho em pesquisa <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_nuclear" title="Física nuclear">nuclear</a> durante a <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, Heisenberg não era favorável ao <a href="/wiki/Alemanha_Nazista" title="Alemanha Nazista">regime nazista</a>, tampouco à construção de <a href="/wiki/Bomba_at%C3%B4mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomba atômica">bombas atômicas</a>. Como explica em seu livro "A Parte e o Todo" (Editora Contraponto, 2007), temia, em 1933, pelos rumos que a <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> poderia tomar com a ascensão de <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> ao poder. Após a expulsão de vários de seus colegas judeus que eram professores na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Leipzig" title="Universidade de Leipzig">Universidade de Leipzig</a>, viajou a <a href="/wiki/Berlim" title="Berlim">Berlim</a> para conversar com seu amigo, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, de quem recebeu orientações.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Heisenberg pretendia, como havia combinado com outros de seus colegas alemães em <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, realizar um processo de demissão coletiva dos professores nas universidades, como forma de protesto ao <a href="/wiki/Antissemitismo" title="Antissemitismo">antissemitismo</a> de Hitler. No entanto, Planck o advertiu de que isso não seria entendido pelas massas, que apoiavam Hitler naquele momento, e que o único efeito seria taxá-los de antipatrióticos e arruinar suas carreiras. Planck, então, falou sobre a ideia que tinha para si. Ele pretendia permanecer na Alemanha, por alguns motivos. O primeiro deles era: físicos de renome, como ele, teriam muita oportunidade em qualquer lugar do mundo. Sendo assim, seria melhor deixar para físicos não tão conhecidos as vagas de trabalho no exterior, tão procuradas. Outra razão era que Planck queria retardar o desenvolvimento da bomba atômica e acreditava que isso seria mais fácil se permanecesse na Alemanha. Por fim, reunir novos jovens que também tivessem interesse na <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica_at%C3%B4mica" title="Física atômica">física atômica</a>, para que, após o "caos" (como se referia ao regime nazista), houvesse, na Alemanha, bons físicos, que pudessem continuar fazendo pesquisa neste ramo.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Heisenberg, então, voltou para Leipzig convencido de que deveria ficar em seu país, pelos mesmos motivos de Planck.</p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Solvay_conference_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Solvay_conference_1927.jpg/201px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Solvay_conference_1927.jpg/302px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Solvay_conference_1927.jpg/402px-Solvay_conference_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2171" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Confer%C3%AAncia_de_Solvay" title="Conferência de Solvay">Conferência de Solvay</a> de 1927. Na fila superior, Heisenberg é o terceiro a partir da direita.</figcaption></figure><p>Após o início da guerra, veio o interesse de Hitler pela bomba atômica. No entanto, Heisenberg e outros físicos que também haviam permanecido na Alemanha e foram convocados pelo governo mostraram aos militares que não seria viável, por falta de tempo e de recursos, construir uma bomba atômica em tempo suficiente para que pudesse ser usada na guerra, convencendo os alemães a desistirem dessa ideia, mas continuando a investir em física atômica. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a>, descobridor da fissão do urânio, ficou abalado quando soube que, em 6 de agosto de 1945, os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> lançaram a "<a href="/wiki/Little_Boy" title="Little Boy">Little Boy</a>" em <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Como diz em seu livro, Heisenberg inicialmente relutou em acreditar na possibilidade da construção de uma bomba atômica em tão pouco tempo,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> mas em uma conversa grampeada pelos britânicos, no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Farm_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farm Hall (página não existe)">Farm Hall</a>, revelou que como alemão ficou muito feliz por terem construído um motor de urânio "e não uma bomba".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Segundo opinião de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Grasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Grasso (página não existe)">Giacomo Grasso</a>, Heisenberg tentou "evitar ou pelo menos atrasar o máximo possível que os nazistas tivessem o poder atômico. Toda a comunidade científica da época estava surpresa pelo atraso mostrado pelos alemães em ter um programa nuclear".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vida_pessoal">Vida pessoal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Vida pessoal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Vida pessoal"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heisenberg gostava de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cl%C3%A1ssica" title="Música clássica">música clássica</a> e era um pianista talentoso.<sup id="cite_ref-Biography_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Seu interesse pela música o levou a conhecer sua futura esposa. Em janeiro de 1937, Heisenberg conheceu Elisabeth Schumacher (1914–1998) em um recital privado de música. Elisabeth era filha de um conhecido professor de economia de Berlim, e seu irmão era o economista <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Friedrich_Schumacher" title="Ernst Friedrich Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a>. Heisenberg casou-se com ela em 29 de abril. Os gêmeos fraternos Maria e Wolfgang nasceram em janeiro de 1938, quando <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> parabenizou Heisenberg por sua "criação de pares"—um jogo de palavras sobre um processo da física de partículas elementares, <a href="/wiki/Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_par" title="Produção de par">produção de pares</a>. Eles tiveram mais cinco filhos nos 12 anos seguintes: Barbara, Christine, <a href="/wiki/Jochen_Heisenberg" title="Jochen Heisenberg">Jochen</a>, Martin e Verena.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofia_e_visão_de_mundo"><span id="Filosofia_e_vis.C3.A3o_de_mundo"></span>Filosofia e visão de mundo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Filosofia e visão de mundo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Filosofia e visão de mundo"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Heisenberg apreciava diálogos da <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_grega" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofia grega">filosofia grega</a> com a física quântica, a qual, em sua opinião, favorecia o <a href="/wiki/Platonismo" title="Platonismo">platonismo</a> ao invés do materialismo <a href="/wiki/Atomismo" title="Atomismo">atomista</a> de <a href="/wiki/Dem%C3%B3crito" title="Demócrito">Demócrito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Ele fundamentou a explicação de sua versão da <a href="/wiki/Interpreta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Copenhague" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpretação de Copenhague">interpretação de Copenhague</a> nos conceitos de <a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%AAncia_e_ato" title="Potência e ato">potência e ato</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>"A transição do 'possível' para o 'atual' ocorre durante o ato da <a href="/wiki/Efeito_do_observador_(f%C3%ADsica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Efeito do observador (física)">observação</a>. Se quisermos descrever o que acontece no evento atômico, temos que perceber que a palavra 'acontece' pode se aplicar apenas à observação, não ao estado de coisas entre duas observações. Aplica-se ao ato físico de observação, e podemos dizer que a transição do "possível" para o "atual" ocorre assim que a interação do objeto com o dispositivo de mensuração, e, portanto, com o resto do mundo, entrou em jogo; não está conectado com o ato de registro do resultado pela mente do observador."</p></blockquote><p>Heisenberg admirava também a <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_oriental" title="Filosofia oriental">filosofia oriental</a> e viu paralelos entre ela e a mecânica quântica, descrevendo-se como "totalmente de acordo" com o livro <i><a href="/wiki/O_Tao_da_F%C3%ADsica" title="O Tao da Física">O Tao da Física</a></i>. Heisenberg chegou a afirmar que, após conversas com <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> sobre a <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_indiana" title="Filosofia indiana">filosofia indiana</a>, "algumas das ideias que pareciam tão malucas de repente fizeram muito mais sentido".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Um cristão devoto,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Heisenberg escreveu: "Podemos nos consolar que o bom Senhor Deus saberia a posição das partículas [subatômicas], portanto, Ele deixaria o <a href="/wiki/Princ%C3%ADpio_de_causalidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Princípio de causalidade">princípio de causalidade</a> continuar a ter validade", em sua última carta para Albert Einstein.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> Einstein continuou a sustentar que a física quântica deve ser incompleta porque implica que o universo é indeterminado em um nível fundamental.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quando Heisenberg aceitou o Prêmio Romano Guardini em 1974, ele fez um discurso, que mais tarde publicou sob o título <i>Scientific and Religious Truth</i>. Nele meditou:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68288478">.mw-parser-output .flexquote{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-color:#F1F1F1;border-left:3px solid #C7C7C7;font-size:100%;margin:1em 4em;padding:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.quote{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex>.separator{border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7;border-top:1px solid #C7C7C7;margin:.4em .8em}.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.cite{text-align:right}@media all and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .flexquote>.flex{flex-direction:column}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .flexquote{background-color:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .flexquote{background-color:transparent}}</style> </p> <blockquote class="flexquote" style="padding:0 1.2em; border-left:5px solid #c8ccd1;margin:30px"><div class="w-quote-texto">"Na história da ciência, desde o famoso julgamento de Galileu, tem sido repetidamente afirmado que a verdade científica não pode ser reconciliada com a interpretação religiosa do mundo. Embora agora esteja convencido de que a verdade científica é inexpugnável em seu próprio campo, nunca achei possível descartar o conteúdo do pensamento religioso simplesmente como parte de uma fase obsoleta na consciência da humanidade, uma parte da qual teremos que renunciar agora. Assim, ao longo de minha vida, fui repetidamente compelido a refletir sobre a relação dessas duas regiões do pensamento, pois nunca fui capaz de duvidar da realidade daquilo para o qual elas apontam." <br />— Heisenberg 1974, 213<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honras_e_prêmios"><span id="Honras_e_pr.C3.AAmios"></span>Honras e prêmios</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Honras e prêmios" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Honras e prêmios"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heisenberg recebeu uma série de homenagens:<sup id="cite_ref-Biography_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" title="Honoris causa">Doutorados honorários</a> da <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Universidade de Bruxelas</a>, da <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Tecnologia_de_Karlsruhe" title="Instituto de Tecnologia de Karlsruhe">Universidade Tecnológica de Karlsruhe</a> e da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universidade_E%C3%B6tv%C3%B6s_Lor%C3%A1nd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universidade Eötvös Loránd (página não existe)">Universidade Eötvös Loránd</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordem_do_M%C3%A9rito_da_Baviera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordem do Mérito da Baviera (página não existe)">Ordem do Mérito da Baviera</a></li> <li>Prêmio <a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a><sup id="cite_ref-atf74_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atf74-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordem_do_M%C3%A9rito_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Federal_da_Alemanha" title="Ordem do Mérito da República Federal da Alemanha">Grã-Cruz pelo Serviço Federal com Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Cavaleiro da Ordem do Mérito</a> (Classe Civil)</li> <li>Eleito <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_membros_da_Royal_Society_eleitos_em_1955" title="Lista de membros da Royal Society eleitos em 1955">membro estrangeiro da Royal Society (ForMemRS) em 1955</a><sup id="cite_ref-formemrs_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-formemrs-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Membro das Academias de Ciências de Göttingen, Baviera, Saxônia, Prússia, Suécia, Romênia, Noruega, Espanha, Holanda (1939),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> Roma (Pontifícia), a <i><a href="/wiki/Academia_Leopoldina" title="Academia Leopoldina">Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina</a></i> (Halle), a <a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_dos_Linces" title="Academia Nacional dos Linces">Accademia dei Lincei</a> (Roma) e a Academia Americana de Ciências.</li> <li>1932 – <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Prêmio Nobel de Física</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1933 – <a href="/wiki/Medalha_Max_Planck" title="Medalha Max Planck">Medalha Max Planck</a> da <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Physikalische_Gesellschaft" title="Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft">Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicações"><span id="Publica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Publicações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Publicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Publicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Publicou vários ensaios e livros, destacando-se: </p> <ul><li><i>Die physikalischen Prinzipien der Quantentheorie</i>, 1930 (<i>Os princípios físicos da teoria quântica</i>)</li> <li><i>Die Physik der Atomkerne</i>, 1943 (<i>A física dos núcleos atômicos</i>)</li> <li><i>Physik und Philosophie</i>, 1959 (<i>Física e filosofia</i>).</li> <li><i>Der Teil und das Ganze</i>, 1969 (<i>A parte e o todo</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinema">Cinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Cinema" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Cinema"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O filme <i>Copenhagen</i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> de 2002 com <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rea" title="Stephen Rea">Stephen Rea</a> e <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Annis" title="Francesca Annis">Francesca Annis</a> [de <a href="/wiki/The_Libertine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Libertine">O Libertino</a> (2004) e <a href="/wiki/Duna_(1984)" title="Duna (1984)">Duna</a> (1985)] narra a vida de Werner Karl Heisenberg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica" title="Mecânica quântica">Mecânica quântica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princ%C3%ADpio_da_incerteza_de_Heisenberg" title="Princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg">Princípio da incerteza de Heisenberg</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidy2009">Cassidy 2009</a>, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidy1992">Cassidy 1992</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Werner_Heisenberg.html">The religion of Werner Heisenberg, physicist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129213817/http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Werner_Heisenberg.html">Arquivado em</a> 2010-11-29 no <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Adherents.com. Retrieved on 1 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarson2010">Carson 2010</a>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">De Haro, Sebastian (2020). «Science and Philosophy: A Love–Hate Relationship». <i>Foundations of Science</i>. <b>25</b>: 297–314. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1307.1244">1307.1244</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10699-019-09619-2">10.1007/s10699-019-09619-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Science+and+Philosophy%3A+A+Love%93Hate+Relationship&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft.aulast=De+Haro&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foundations+of+Science&rft.pages=297-314&rft.volume=25&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1307.1244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10699-019-09619-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wilber, Ken (10 de abril de 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y4ekMrkHmngC&pg=PA52"><i>Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World's Great Physicists</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8348-2283-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8348-2283-2">978-0-8348-2283-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.aulast=Wilber&rft.btitle=Quantum+Questions%3A+Mystical+Writings+of+the+World%27s+Great+Physicists&rft.date=2001-04-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8348-2283-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy4ekMrkHmngC%26pg%3DPA52&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE PHISIQUE SOLVAY (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solvayinstitutes.be/pdf/Proceedings_Physics/1927.pdf"><i>ELECTRONS ET PHOTONS</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. CINQUIÈME CONSEIL DE PHYSIQUE (em francês). Bruxelas, 24 a 29 de outubro de 1927. Paris: GAUTHIER-VILLARS. p. 12. 307 páginas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de julho de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.au=INSTITUT+INTERNATIONAL+DE+PHISIQUE+SOLVAY&rft.btitle=ELECTRONS+ET+PHOTONS&rft.date=1928&rft.genre=conference&rft.pages=12&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=GAUTHIER-VILLARS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solvayinstitutes.be%2Fpdf%2FProceedings_Physics%2F1927.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE PHISIQUE SOLVAY (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solvayinstitutes.be/pdf/Proceedings_Physics/1930.pdf"><i>LE MAGNÉTISME</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. SIXIÈME CONSEIL DE PHYSIQUE (em francês). Bruxelas, 20 a 25 de outubro de 1930. Paris: GAUTHIER-VILLARS. p. 8. 502 páginas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de julho de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.au=INSTITUT+INTERNATIONAL+DE+PHISIQUE+SOLVAY&rft.btitle=LE+MAGN%C3%89TISME&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=conference&rft.pages=8&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=GAUTHIER-VILLARS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solvayinstitutes.be%2Fpdf%2FProceedings_Physics%2F1930.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation conference">INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DE PHISIQUE SOLVAY (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solvayinstitutes.be/pdf/Proceedings_Physics/1933.pdf"><i>STRUCTURE ET PROPRIÉTÉS DES NOYAUX ATOMIQUES</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. SEPTIÈME CONSEIL DE PHYSIQUE (em francês). Bruxelas, 22 a 29 de outubro de 1933. Paris: GAUTHIER-VILLARS. p. 316. 392 páginas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de julho de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.au=INSTITUT+INTERNATIONAL+DE+PHISIQUE+SOLVAY&rft.btitle=STRUCTURE+ET+PROPRI%C3%89T%C3%89S+DES+NOYAUX+ATOMIQUES&rft.date=1934&rft.genre=conference&rft.pages=316&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=GAUTHIER-VILLARS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solvayinstitutes.be%2Fpdf%2FProceedings_Physics%2F1933.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heisenberg, Werner (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/physicsbeyondenc00heis"><i>Physics and beyond : encounters and conversations</i></a>. Internet Archive. [S.l.]: New York : Harper & Row. p. 150</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Physics+and+beyond+%3A+encounters+and+conversations&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Harper+%26+Row&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsbeyondenc00heis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prisma.planck-e.com/artigo/O_Heroi_Desacreditado/">«O Herói Desacreditado»</a>. <i>prisma.planck-e.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=O+Her%C3%B3i+Desacreditado&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prisma.planck-e.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprisma.planck-e.com%2Fartigo%2FO_Heroi_Desacreditado%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heisenberg, Werner (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/physicsbeyondenc00heis"><i>Physics and beyond : encounters and conversations</i></a>. Internet Archive. [S.l.]: New York : Harper & Row. p. 152</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Physics+and+beyond+%3A+encounters+and+conversations&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Harper+%26+Row&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsbeyondenc00heis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heisenberg, Werner (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/physicsbeyondenc00heis"><i>Physics and beyond : encounters and conversations</i></a>. Internet Archive. [S.l.]: New York : Harper & Row. p. 193</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Physics+and+beyond+%3A+encounters+and+conversations&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Harper+%26+Row&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicsbeyondenc00heis&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/English101.pdf">«Transcript of Surreptitiously Taped Conversations among German Nuclear Physicists at Farm Hall (August 6-7, 1945)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. pp. 5–6</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Transcript+of+Surreptitiously+Taped+Conversations+among+German+Nuclear+Physicists+at+Farm+Hall+%28August+6-7%2C+1945%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=5-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgermanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org%2Fpdf%2Feng%2FEnglish101.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Criado, Miguel Ángel (5 de maio de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/05/03/ciencia/1556874856_026623.html">«O cubo de urânio de Heisenberg e o fracassado reator nuclear nazista»</a>. <i>El País Brasil</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de maio de 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=O+cubo+de+ur%C3%A2nio+de+Heisenberg+e+o+fracassado+reator+nuclear+nazista&rft.aufirst=Miguel+%C3%81ngel&rft.aulast=Criado&rft.date=2019-05-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3s+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrasil.elpais.com%2Fbrasil%2F2019%2F05%2F03%2Fciencia%2F1556874856_026623.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_16-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_16-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg-bio.html">Werner Heisenberg Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/611sFFLpK?url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg-bio.html">Arquivado em</a> 2011-08-18 na <a href="/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a></i>, <i>Nobel Prize in Physics 1932</i> Nobelprize.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassidy2009">Cassidy 2009</a>, p. 372 e Apêndice A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Cassidy and the American Institute of Physics, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p10.htm">The Difficult Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915073146/http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p10.htm">Arquivado em</a> 2008-09-15 no <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Leite, Anderson; Simon, Samuel (junho de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1678-31662010000200004&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt">«Werner Heisenberg e a Interpretação de Copenhague: a filosofia platônica e a consolidação da teoria quântica»</a>. <i>Scientiae Studia</i> (2): 213–241. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1678-3166">1678-3166</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1590%2FS1678-31662010000200004">10.1590/S1678-31662010000200004</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de março de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Werner+Heisenberg+e+a+Interpreta%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+Copenhague%3A+a+filosofia+plat%C3%B4nica+e+a+consolida%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+teoria+qu%C3%A2ntica&rft.au=Simon%2C+Samuel&rft.aufirst=Anderson&rft.aulast=Leite&rft.date=2010-06&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1678-3166&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Scientiae+Studia&rft.pages=213-241&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS1678-31662010000200004%26lng%3Den%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Dpt&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS1678-31662010000200004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Wolfgang (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=JRWgUwJOj6oC&pg=PA72"><i>The Quantum Enigma: Finding the Hidden Key</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Sophia Perennis</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=The+Quantum+Enigma%3A+Finding+the+Hidden+Key&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sophia+Perennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJRWgUwJOj6oC%26pg%3DPA72&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Capra, Fritjof (11 de janeiro de 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/uncommonwisdomco00capr">«Uncommon wisdom : conversations with remarkable people»</a>. Toronto ; New York : Bantam Books – via Internet Archive</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Fritjof&rft.aulast=Capra&rft.btitle=Uncommon+wisdom+%3A+conversations+with+remarkable+people&rft.date=1989-01-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Toronto+%3B+New+York+%3A+Bantam+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funcommonwisdomco00capr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, Lance (2019). <i>A God Beyond Belief: Reclaiming Faith in a Quantum Age</i>. John Hunt Publishing, UK</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marganau, Henry (1985). "Why am I a Christian". <i>Truth Journal</i>, Vol. I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holton, Gerald (2005). <i>Victory and Vexation in Science: Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and Others</i>. Harvard University Press, London. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-674-01519-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-674-01519-7">978-0-674-01519-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Pais, Abraham (outubro de 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ursula.chem.yale.edu/~batista/classes/vvv/RevModPhys.51.863.pdf">«Einstein and the quantum theory»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i>. <b>51</b>: 863–914. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979RvMP...51..863P">1979RvMP...51..863P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.863">10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Einstein+and+the+quantum+theory&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft.aulast=Pais&rft.date=1979-10&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.pages=863-914&rft.volume=51&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fursula.chem.yale.edu%2F~batista%2Fclasses%2Fvvv%2FRevModPhys.51.863.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1979RvMP...51..863P&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.51.863&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Heisenberg (1970) "Erste Gespräche über das Verhältnis von Naturwissenschaft und Religion" in ed. Werner Trutwin, "Religion-Wissenschaft-Weltbild" Duesseldorf: Patmos Verlag, pages 23–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atf74-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-atf74_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heizenberg, W. (1974). «Ch. 16 "Scientific and Religious Truth<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>». <i>Across the Frontiers</i>. [S.l.]: Harper & Row. pp. 213–229</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Ch.+16+%22Scientific+and+Religious+Truth%22&rft.au=Heizenberg%2C+W.&rft.btitle=Across+the+Frontiers&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=213-229&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-formemrs-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-formemrs_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMottPeierls1977">Mott & Peierls 1977</a>, pp. 212–251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000761">«W.K. Heisenberg (1901–1976)»</a>. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de janeiro de 2016</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131001245/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000761">Cópia arquivada em 31 de janeiro de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.btitle=W.K.+Heisenberg+%281901%931976%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Royal+Netherlands+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwc.knaw.nl%2Fbiografie%2Fpmknaw%2F%3Fpagetype%3DauthorDetail%26aId%3DPE00000761&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/">The Nobel Prize in Physics 1932</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080716011447/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/">Arquivado em</a> 2008-07-16 no <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 1 February 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/teil-und-das-ganze-gesprache-im-umkreis-der-atomphysik/oclc/543032">«Der Teil und das Ganze; Gespräche im Umkreis der Atomphysik»</a>. WorldCat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de junho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Der+Teil+und+das+Ganze%3B+Gespr%C3%A4che+im+Umkreis+der+Atomphysik&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WorldCat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fteil-und-das-ganze-gesprache-im-umkreis-der-atomphysik%2Foclc%2F543032&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> (em inglês) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/">PBS</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fontes">Fontes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar secção: Fontes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fontes"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Bernstein, Jeremy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQ5K2PCj4V4C"><i>Hitler's Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall</i></a>. [S.l.]: Copernicus. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-387-95089-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-387-95089-1">978-0-387-95089-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Uranium+Club%3A+The+Secret+Recordings+at+Farm+Hall&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-387-95089-1&rft.pub=Copernicus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQ5K2PCj4V4C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Bernstein, Jeremy (março de 2004). «Heisenberg in Poland». <i>Am. J. Phys</i>. <b>72</b> (3): 300–304. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AmJPh..72..300B">2004AmJPh..72..300B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1119%2F1.1630333">10.1119/1.1630333</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Heisenberg+in+Poland&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.date=2004-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Phys.&rft.pages=300-304&rft.volume=72&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004AmJPh..72..300B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1119%2F1.1630333&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><br /> • See also <cite class="citation journal">Gottstein, Klaus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/physics/papers/0503/0503167.pdf">«Comment on 'Heisenberg in Poland' by Jeremy Bernstein [Am. J. Phys. 72 (3), 300–304 (2004)]»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. LETTER TO THE EDITOR. <i>Am. J. Phys</i>. <b>72</b> (9): 1143–1145. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AmJPh..72.1143G">2004AmJPh..72.1143G</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/physics/0503167">physics/0503167</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1119%2F1.1778397">10.1119/1.1778397</a> and a reply by Jeremy Bernstein.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Comment+on+%27Heisenberg+in+Poland%27+by+Jeremy+Bernstein+%5BAm.+J.+Phys.+72+%283%29%2C+300%93304+%282004%29%5D&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft.aulast=Gottstein&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Phys.&rft.pages=1143-1145&rft.volume=72&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fftp%2Fphysics%2Fpapers%2F0503%2F0503167.pdf&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fphysics%2F0503167&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004AmJPh..72.1143G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1119%2F1.1778397&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Beyerchen, Alan D. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scientistsunderh00alan"><i>Scientists Under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich</i></a>. [S.l.]: Yale. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-300-01830-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-300-01830-1">978-0-300-01830-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Alan+D.&rft.aulast=Beyerchen&rft.btitle=Scientists+Under+Hitler%3A+Politics+and+the+Physics+Community+in+the+Third+Reich&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-300-01830-1&rft.pub=Yale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscientistsunderh00alan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Carson, Cathryn (2010). <i>Heisenberg in the Atomic Age: Science and the Public Sphere</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-82170-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-82170-4">978-0-521-82170-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Cathryn&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.btitle=Heisenberg+in+the+Atomic+Age%3A+Science+and+the+Public+Sphere&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82170-4&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cassidy, David C. (1992). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncertainty:_The_Life_and_Science_of_Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg (página não existe)">Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg</a></i>. [S.l.]: Freeman</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.btitle=Uncertainty%3A+The+Life+and+Science+of+Werner+Heisenberg&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Freeman&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Cassidy, David C. (1992a). «Heisenberg, German Science, and the Third Reich». <i>Social Research</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 643–661</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Heisenberg%2C+German+Science%2C+and+the+Third+Reich&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Social+Research&rft.pages=643-661&rft.volume=59&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cassidy, David C. (2009). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyond_Uncertainty:_Heisenberg,_Quantum_Physics,_and_the_Bomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyond Uncertainty: Heisenberg, Quantum Physics, and the Bomb (página não existe)">Beyond Uncertainty: Heisenberg, Quantum Physics, and the Bomb</a></i>. [S.l.]: Bellevue Literary Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-934137-28-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-934137-28-4">978-1-934137-28-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.btitle=Beyond+Uncertainty%3A+Heisenberg%2C+Quantum+Physics%2C+and+the+Bomb&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-934137-28-4&rft.pub=Bellevue+Literary+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Goudsmit, Samuel A.</a> (1986). <i>Alsos</i>. [S.l.]: Tomash Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-938228-09-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-938228-09-7">978-0-938228-09-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Samuel+A.&rft.aulast=Goudsmit&rft.btitle=Alsos&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-938228-09-7&rft.pub=Tomash+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1927). «Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>43</b> (3–4): 172–198. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1927ZPhy...43..172H">1927ZPhy...43..172H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01397280">10.1007/BF01397280</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+anschaulichen+Inhalt+der+quantentheoretischen+Kinematik+und+Mechanik&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1927&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=172-198&rft.volume=43&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1927ZPhy...43..172H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01397280&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1928). «Zur Theorie des Ferromagnetismus». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>49</b> (9–10): 619–636. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1928ZPhy...49..619H">1928ZPhy...49..619H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01328601">10.1007/BF01328601</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Zur+Theorie+des+Ferromagnetismus&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1928&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9%9310&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=619-636&rft.volume=49&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1928ZPhy...49..619H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01328601&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W.; Pauli, W. (1929). «Zur Quantendynamik der Wellenfelder». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>56</b> (1): 1–61. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1930ZPhy...56....1H">1930ZPhy...56....1H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01340129">10.1007/BF01340129</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Zur+Quantendynamik+der+Wellenfelder&rft.au=Pauli%2C+W.&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1929&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=1-61&rft.volume=56&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1930ZPhy...56....1H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01340129&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W.; Pauli, W. (1930). «Zur Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder. II». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>59</b> (3–4): 168–190. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1930ZPhy...59..168H">1930ZPhy...59..168H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01341423">10.1007/BF01341423</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Zur+Quantentheorie+der+Wellenfelder.+II&rft.au=Pauli%2C+W.&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1930&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=168-190&rft.volume=59&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1930ZPhy...59..168H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01341423&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1932a). «Über den Bau der Atomkerne. I». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>77</b> (1–2): 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932ZPhy...77....1H">1932ZPhy...77....1H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01342433">10.1007/BF01342433</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Bau+der+Atomkerne.+I&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1%932&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=1-11&rft.volume=77&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932ZPhy...77....1H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01342433&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1932b). «Über den Bau der Atomkerne. II». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>78</b> (3–4): 156–164. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932ZPhy...78..156H">1932ZPhy...78..156H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01337585">10.1007/BF01337585</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Bau+der+Atomkerne.+II&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1932&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=156-164&rft.volume=78&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932ZPhy...78..156H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01337585&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1933). «Über den Bau der Atomkerne. III». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>80</b> (9–10): 587–596. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1933ZPhy...80..587H">1933ZPhy...80..587H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01335696">10.1007/BF01335696</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Bau+der+Atomkerne.+III&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1933&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9%9310&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=587-596&rft.volume=80&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1933ZPhy...80..587H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01335696&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1934). «Bemerkungen zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons». <i>Zeitschrift für Physik</i>. <b>90</b> (3–4): 209–231. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1934ZPhy...90..209H">1934ZPhy...90..209H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01333516">10.1007/BF01333516</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Bemerkungen+zur+Diracschen+Theorie+des+Positrons&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1934&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Physik&rft.pages=209-231&rft.volume=90&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1934ZPhy...90..209H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01333516&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> The author was cited as being at Leipzig. The paper was received on 21 June 1934.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1936a). «Über die 'Schauer' in der Kosmischen Strahlung». <i>Forsch. Fortscher</i>. <b>12</b>: 341–342</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+die+%27Schauer%27+in+der+Kosmischen+Strahlung&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forsch.+Fortscher.&rft.pages=341-342&rft.volume=12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W. (1936b). «Zur Theorie der 'Schauer' in der Höhenstrahlung». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>101</b> (9–10): 533–540. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1936ZPhy..101..533H">1936ZPhy..101..533H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01349603">10.1007/BF01349603</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Zur+Theorie+der+%27Schauer%27+in+der+H%C3%B6henstrahlung&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9%9310&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=533-540&rft.volume=101&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1936ZPhy..101..533H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01349603&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Heisenberg, W.; Euler, H. (1936). «Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons». <i>Z. Phys</i>. <b>98</b> (11–12): 714–732. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1936ZPhy...98..714H">1936ZPhy...98..714H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01343663">10.1007/BF01343663</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Folgerungen+aus+der+Diracschen+Theorie+des+Positrons&rft.au=Euler%2C+H.&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Heisenberg&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=11%9312&rft.jtitle=Z.+Phys.&rft.pages=714-732&rft.volume=98&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1936ZPhy...98..714H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01343663&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> The authors were cited as being at Leipzig. The paper was received on 22 December 1935. A translation of this paper has been done by W. Korolevski and H. Kleinert: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0605038v1" class="extiw" title="arxiv:physics/0605038v1">arXiv:physics/0605038v1</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Hentschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Hentschel (página não existe)">Hentschel, Klaus</a>; Hentschel, Ann M., eds. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sl69XGiohsoC"><i>Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources</i></a>. [S.l.]: Birkhäuser. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8176-5312-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8176-5312-5">978-0-8176-5312-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Physics+and+National+Socialism%3A+An+Anthology+of+Primary+Sources&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8176-5312-5&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsl69XGiohsoC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> [This book is a collection of 121 primary German documents relating to physics under National Socialism. The documents have been translated and annotated, and there is a lengthy introduction to put them into perspective.]</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Macrakis, Kristie (1993). <i>Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany</i>. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-19-507010-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-19-507010-1">978-0-19-507010-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Kristie&rft.aulast=Macrakis&rft.btitle=Surviving+the+Swastika%3A+Scientific+Research+in+Nazi+Germany&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507010-1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Mott, N.; Peierls, R. (novembro de 1977). «Werner Heisenberg». <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>23</b>: 213–251. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1977.0009">10.1098/rsbm.1977.0009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.atitle=Werner+Heisenberg&rft.au=Peierls%2C+R.&rft.aufirst=N.&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.date=1977-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.pages=213-251&rft.volume=23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1977.0009&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Powers, Thomas (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/heisenbergswarse00powe_0"><i>Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb</i></a>. [S.l.]: Knopf</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.btitle=Heisenberg%27s+War%3A+The+Secret+History+of+the+German+Bomb&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Knopf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fheisenbergswarse00powe_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bartel_Leendert_van_der_Waerden" title="Bartel Leendert van der Waerden">van der Waerden, B.L.</a>, ed. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8KLMGqnZCDcC"><i>Sources of Quantum Mechanics</i></a>. [S.l.]: Dover. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-486-61881-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-486-61881-4">978-0-486-61881-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Sources+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-486-61881-4&rft.pub=Dover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8KLMGqnZCDcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Walker, Mark (1993). <i>German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-43804-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-43804-9">978-0-521-43804-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.btitle=German+National+Socialism+and+the+Quest+for+Nuclear+Power+1939%931949&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43804-9&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(em alemão) David C. Cassidy: Werner Heisenberg. Leben und Werk. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> 1995, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/3860253158" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-86025-315-8</a></li> <li>(em alemão) Ernst Peter Fischer: Werner Heisenberg : das selbstvergessene Genie : mit einem Nachtrag zur Taschenbuchausgabe - Ungekürzte Taschenbuchausg. - <a href="/wiki/Munique" title="Munique">Munique</a> : Piper, 2002. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/3492237010" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-492-23701-0</a></li> <li>(em alemão) Michael Schaaf: Heisenberg, Hitler und die Bombe. Gespräche mit Zeitzeugen. GNT-Verlag, <a href="/wiki/Berlim" title="Berlim">Berlim</a> 2001, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/3928186604" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-928186-60-4</a></li> <li>(em alemão) Gregor Schiemann: Werner Heisenberg (Beck'sche Reihe Denker). München: C.H. Beck, 2008. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9783406568404" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-56840-4</a></li> <li>(em inglês) Paul Lawrence Rose: Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939–1945: A Study in German Culture University of California Press, 1998, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0520210778" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-21077-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werner_Heisenberg&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Werner+Heisenberg&uselang=pt">Werner Heisenberg</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/38">Werner Heisenberg</a> em Nobelprize.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=51469">Werner Heisenberg</a> (em inglês) no <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/">«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Física 1932»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AWerner+Heisenberg&rft.btitle=Perfil+no+s%C3tio+oficial+do+Nobel+de+F%C3sica+1932&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1932%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a></span></b><br />1929</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a></span></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></b><br />1932</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></span></b></td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Max_Planck" title="Medalha Max Planck">Medalha Max Planck</a></b><br />1933</td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Matteucci_(1868–2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Matteucci" title="Predefinição:Medalha Matteucci"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Matteucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Matteucci (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Matteucci&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Matteucci_(1868–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Matteucci" title="Medalha Matteucci">Medalha Matteucci</a> (1868–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1868: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1875: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Victor_Regnault" title="Henri Victor Regnault">Henri Victor Regnault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1876: <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson" title="William Thomson">William Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1877: <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Kirchhoff">Gustav Kirchhoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1878: <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Wiedemann" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav Wiedemann">Gustav Wiedemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1879: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Wilhelm Eduard Weber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1880: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Pacinotti" title="Antônio Pacinotti">Antônio Pacinotti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1881: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Villari" title="Emilio Villari">Emilio Villari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1882: <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1887: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1888: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1894: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">John William Strutt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1895: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Rowland" title="Henry Augustus Rowland">Henry Augustus Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1896: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Garbasso" title="Antônio Garbasso">Antônio Garbasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino" title="Orso Mario Corbino">Orso Mario Corbino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Antonino_Lo_Surdo" title="Antonino Lo Surdo">Antonino Lo Surdo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_Wood" title="Robert Williams Wood">Robert Williams Wood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Henry Moseley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Robert Andrews Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Werner Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Arthur Holly Compton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Rasetti" title="Franco Rasetti">Franco Rasetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Touschek" title="Bruno Touschek">Bruno Touschek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Maiani" title="Luciano Maiani">Luciano Maiani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Wick" title="Gian Carlo Wick">Gian Carlo Wick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Casimir" title="Hendrik Casimir">Hendrik Casimir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Okun" title="Lev Okun">Lev Okun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_Abragam" title="Anatole Abragam">Anatole Abragam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Oreste_Piccioni" title="Oreste Piccioni">Oreste Piccioni</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Nicola Cabibbo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardona" title="Manuel Cardona">Manuel Cardona</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Ruelle" title="David Ruelle">David Ruelle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Bellettini" title="Giorgio Bellettini">Giorgio Bellettini</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Adalberto_Giazotto" title="Adalberto Giazotto">Adalberto Giazotto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Marco_Tavani" title="Marco Tavani">Marco Tavani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianluigi_Fogli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gianluigi Fogli (página não existe)">Gianluigi Fogli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Federico_Capasso" title="Federico Capasso">Federico Capasso</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Inguscio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Inguscio (página não existe)">Massimo Inguscio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Maritan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Maritan (página não existe)">Amos Maritan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Física" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Física"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Física (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Física" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_F%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Física">Nobel de Física</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Strutt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_von_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard">Lenard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J. J. Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W. H. Bragg</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W. L. Bragg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1924: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Siegbahn" title="Karl Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C. Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Raman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Thomson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Lawrence</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Blackett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D. Lee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Cherenkov">Cherenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illia_Mikhailovich_Frank" class="mw-redirect" title="Illia Mikhailovich Frank">Frank</a> e <a href="/wiki/Igor_Yevgenyevich_Tamm" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm">Tamm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Segrè</a> e <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> e <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolay_Basov" title="Nicolay Basov">Basov</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prokhorov" title="Aleksandr Prokhorov">Prokhorov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichiro_Tomonaga" title="Shin'ichiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> e <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_F%C3%A9lix_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Eugène Félix Néel">Néel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Mottelson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_James_Rainwater" title="Leo James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van Vleck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa" title="Pyotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> e <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">Cronin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Fitch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Schawlow</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Van der Meer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klitzing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> e <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">J. H. Taylor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Neville_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Neville Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> e <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Glenwood_Shull" title="Clifford Glenwood Shull">Shull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R. Richardson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">Hooft</a> e <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Alferov" title="Zhores Alferov">Alferov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2024</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> e <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Alexeevich_Abrikosov" title="Alexei Alexeevich Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Leggett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer" title="Hugh David Politzer">Politzer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber|</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a> e <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">Mather</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Masukawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Smith" title="George Smith">G. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> e <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> e <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> e <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bruce_McDonald" title="Arthur Bruce McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">Thouless</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Kosterlitz" title="John Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> e <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" class="mw-redirect" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> e <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Max_Planck_(1929–2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Max_Planck" title="Predefinição:Medalha Max Planck"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Max_Planck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Max Planck (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Max_Planck&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Max_Planck_(1929–2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Max_Planck" title="Medalha Max Planck">Medalha Max Planck (1929–2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Arnold Sommerfeld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Werner Heisenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1942: <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Jordan" title="Pascual Jordan">Pascual Jordan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hund" title="Friedrich Hund">Friedrich Hund</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Kossel" title="Walther Kossel">Walther Kossel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Gustav Ludwig Hertz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker">Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Klein" title="Oskar Klein">Oskar Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kronig" title="Ralph Kronig">Ralph Kronig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Abraham_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Abraham Goudsmit">Samuel Goudsmit</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Uhlenbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_L%C3%BCders" title="Gerhard Lüders">Gerhard Lüders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lehmann" title="Harry Lehmann">Harry Lehmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Heitler" title="Walter Heitler">Walter Heitler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Haag" title="Rudolf Haag">Rudolf Haag</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Herbert Fröhlich">Herbert Fröhlich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bogoliubov" title="Nikolai Bogoliubov">Nikolai Bogoliubov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Van_Hove" title="Léon Van Hove">Léon Van Hove</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Wentzel" title="Gregor Wentzel">Gregor Wentzel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Stueckelberg" title="Ernst Stueckelberg">Ernst Stueckelberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Thirring" title="Walter Thirring">Walter Thirring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Peter_Ewald" title="Paul Peter Ewald">Paul Peter Ewald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Markus_Fierz" title="Markus Fierz">Markus Fierz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Symanzik" title="Kurt Symanzik">Kurt Symanzik</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Hans-Arwed_Weidenm%C3%BCller" title="Hans-Arwed Weidenmüller">Hans-Arwed Weidenmüller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kemmer" title="Nicholas Kemmer">Nicholas Kemmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Res_Jost" title="Res Jost">Res Jost</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Franz_Wegner" title="Franz Wegner">Franz Wegner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wess" title="Julius Wess">Julius Wess</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Bargmann" title="Valentine Bargmann">Valentine Bargmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Zumino" title="Bruno Zumino">Bruno Zumino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Haken" title="Hermann Haken">Hermann Haken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Zimmermann" title="Wolfhart Zimmermann">Wolfhart Zimmermann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Lieb" title="Elliott Lieb">Elliott Lieb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Binder" title="Kurt Binder">Kurt Binder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Borchers" title="Hans-Jürgen Borchers">Hans-Jürgen Borchers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Gro%C3%9Fmann" title="Siegfried Großmann">Siegfried Großmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Faddeev" title="Ludvig Faddeev">Ludvig Faddeev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Brown" title="Gerald Brown">Gerald Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Stora" title="Raymond Stora">Raymond Stora</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hohenberg" title="Pierre Hohenberg">Pierre Hohenberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Martin_L%C3%BCscher" title="Martin Lüscher">Martin Lüscher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrg_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Jürg Fröhlich">Jürg Fröhlich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Ehlers" title="Jürgen Ehlers">Jürgen Ehlers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gutzwiller" title="Martin Gutzwiller">Martin Gutzwiller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hepp" title="Klaus Hepp">Klaus Hepp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_G%C3%B6tze" title="Wolfgang Götze">Wolfgang Götze</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Lebowitz" title="Joel Lebowitz">Joel Lebowitz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Detlev_Buchholz" title="Detlev Buchholz">Detlev Buchholz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graham_(f%C3%ADsico)" title="Robert Graham (físico)">Robert Graham</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Dieter_Vollhardt" title="Dieter Vollhardt">Dieter Vollhardt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Zirnbauer" title="Martin Zirnbauer">Martin Zirnbauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Nahm" title="Werner Nahm">Werner Nahm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/David_Ruelle" title="David Ruelle">David Ruelle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Viatcheslav_Mukhanov" title="Viatcheslav Mukhanov">Viatcheslav Mukhanov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Wagner_(f%C3%ADsico)" title="Herbert Wagner (físico)">Herbert Wagner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spohn" title="Herbert Spohn">Herbert Spohn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Detlef_Lohse" title="Detlef Lohse">Detlef Lohse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Buras" title="Andrzej Buras">Andrzej Buras</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Polyakov" title="Alexander Polyakov">Alexander Polyakov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Annette_Zippelius" title="Annette Zippelius">Annette Zippelius</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Germany.svg" title="Portal da Alemanha"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/25px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/38px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/50px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alemanha" title="Portal:Alemanha">Portal da Alemanha</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_katomic.png" title="Portal da física"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nuvola_apps_katomic.png/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:F%C3%ADsica" title="Portal:Física">Portal da física</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png" title="Portal da história da ciência"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png/25px-Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png/38px-Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png/50px-Wikipedia-pt-hist-cien-logo.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hist%C3%B3ria_da_ci%C3%AAncia" title="Portal:História da ciência">Portal da história da ciência</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" title="Portal de biografias"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biografias" title="Portal:Biografias">Portal de biografias</a></span></span></li> </ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40904" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q40904">Q40904</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/49241584">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49241584/">49241584</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Apost%C3%B3lica_Vaticana" title="Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana">BAV</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://viaf.org/processed/BAV%7CADV10017856">ADV10017856</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90150174">90150174</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_do_Chile" title="Biblioteca Nacional do Chile">BNCHL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F/?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000142041">000142041</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Espanha" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Espanha">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX843229">XX843229</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12035206w">12035206w</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2348083">2348083</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="extiw" title="zh:中国高等教育文献保障系统">CALIS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.calis.edu.cn/aopac/ajsp/detail.jsp?actionfrom=1&actl=CAL++n2004370093">n2004370093</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_de_autoridades_de_nomes_e_t%C3%ADtulos_da_Catalunha" title="Catálogo de autoridades de nomes e títulos da Catalunha">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521451606706">981058521451606706</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00395510">DA00395510</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dialnet" title="Dialnet">Dialnet</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=2131067">2131067</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/2915633">2915633</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documents_diplomatiques_suisses" class="extiw" title="fr:Documents diplomatiques suisses">Dodis</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dodis.ch/P5431">P5431</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Werner-Heisenberg">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Alexandrina" title="Bibliotheca Alexandrina">EGAXA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/processed/EGAXA%7Cvtls001995972">vtls001995972</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Faceted_Application_of_Subject_Terminology" title="Faceted Application of Subject Terminology">FAST</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/9701">9701</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118548670">118548670</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_centrale_per_il_catalogo_unico_delle_biblioteche_italiane_e_per_le_informazioni_bibliografiche" title="Istituto centrale per il catalogo unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche">ICCU</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/CFIV047562?core=autoriall">CFIV047562</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121318913">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50029198">n50029198</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">MGP</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=51469">51469</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35661641">35661641</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_China" title="Biblioteca Nacional da China">NLC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.nlc.cn/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=000144601">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Gr%C3%A9cia" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Grécia">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koha.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=158599">158599</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Notable_Names_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable Names Database">NNDB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/488/000071275/">000071275</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Real_dos_Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Biblioteca Real dos Países Baixos">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070524963">070524963</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUKAT" class="extiw" title="pl:NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=1207&url_prefix=http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/&id=n97010176">n97010176</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_dados_bibliogr%C3%A1fica)" title="Scopus (base de dados bibliográfica)">Scopus</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" 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