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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 American opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 British opinions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A6M1,_Type_0_Prototypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M1,_Type_0_Prototypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 A6M1, Type 0 Prototypes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M1,_Type_0_Prototypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M2a_Type_0_Model_11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M2a_Type_0_Model_11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 A6M2a Type 0 Model 11 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M2a_Type_0_Model_11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M2b_Type_0_Model_21" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M2b_Type_0_Model_21"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 A6M2b Type 0 Model 21 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M2b_Type_0_Model_21-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M3_Type_0_Model_32" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M3_Type_0_Model_32"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M3_Type_0_Model_32-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M3_Type_0_Model_22" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M3_Type_0_Model_22"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 A6M3 Type 0 Model 22 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M3_Type_0_Model_22-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M4_Type_0_Model_41/42" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M4_Type_0_Model_41/42"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 A6M4 Type 0 Model 41/42 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M4_Type_0_Model_41/42-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M5_Type_0_Model_52" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M5_Type_0_Model_52"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 A6M5 Type 0 Model 52 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M5_Type_0_Model_52-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M6_Type_0_Model_53" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M6_Type_0_Model_53"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 A6M6 Type 0 Model 53 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M6_Type_0_Model_53-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M7_Type_0_Model_62/63" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M7_Type_0_Model_62/63"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 A6M7 Type 0 Model 62/63 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M7_Type_0_Model_62/63-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A6M8_Type_0_Model_64" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6M8_Type_0_Model_64"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 A6M8 Type 0 Model 64 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6M8_Type_0_Model_64-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Production </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trainer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trainer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Trainer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trainer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Total_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Total production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Total_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Surviving aircraft </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Surviving aircraft subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Indonesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(A6M2_(Type_0_Model_21))" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(A6M2_(Type_0_Model_21))"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Specifications (A6M2 (Type 0 Model 21)) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(A6M2_(Type_0_Model_21))-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ميتسوبيشي زيرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميتسوبيشي زيرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8_A6M" title="Мицубиши A6M – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мицубиши A6M" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micubi%C5%A1i_A6M" title="Micubiši A6M – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Micubiši A6M" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88" title="میتسوبیشی زیرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میتسوبیشی زیرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/0%EC%8B%9D_%ED%95%A8%EC%83%81%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC%EA%B8%B0" title="0식 함상전투기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="0식 함상전투기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99_A6M_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95" title="מיצובישי A6M זירו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיצובישי A6M זירו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A6M_Zero" title="A6M Zero – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/A6M_Zero" title="A6M Zero – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="မီဆူဘီရှီ အေဆစ်စ်အမ် ဇီးရိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီဆူဘီရှီ အေဆစ်စ်အမ် ဇီးရိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%BC%8F%E8%89%A6%E4%B8%8A%E6%88%A6%E9%97%98%E6%A9%9F" title="零式艦上戦闘機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="零式艦上戦闘機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micubi%C5%A1i_A6M_Zero" title="Micubiši A6M Zero – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Micubiši A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%906%D0%9C" title="Мицубиши А6М – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мицубиши А6М" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Reisen" title="Mitsubishi A6M Reisen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Reisen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD6%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="มิตซูบิชิ เอ6เอ็ม ซีโร่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มิตซูบิชิ เอ6เอ็ม ซีโร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M" title="Mitsubishi A6M – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%BC%8F%E8%89%A6%E4%B8%8A%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="零式艦上戰鬥機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="零式艦上戰鬥機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">A6M "Zero"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg/300px-A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg/450px-A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg/600px-A6M3_Zero_N712Z_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">A6M3 Model 22 N712Z, operated by the <a href="/wiki/CAF_Southern_California_Wing_Museum" title="CAF Southern California Wing Museum">Commemorative Air Force So Cal Wing</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[Note 1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carrier-based_aircraft" title="Carrier-based aircraft">Carrier-capable</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Empire of Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">10,939</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1939–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1945 (Japan)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Mitsubishi A5M</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">Nakajima A6M2-N</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed into</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Mitsubishi A7M</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" is a long-range <a href="/wiki/Carrier-based_aircraft" title="Carrier-based aircraft">carrier-capable</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> formerly manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Aircraft_Company" title="Mitsubishi Aircraft Company">Mitsubishi Aircraft Company</a>, a part of <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a>. It was operated by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> (IJN) from 1940 to 1945. The A6M was designated as the Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 carrier fighter<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence1945186-2">[1]</a> (零式艦上戦闘機, rei-shiki-kanjō-sentōki), or the Mitsubishi A6M Rei-sen. The A6M was usually referred to by its pilots as the Reisen (零戦, zero fighter), "0" being the last digit of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar#Years" title="Japanese calendar">imperial year</a> 2600 (1940) when it entered service with the IJN. The official <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">Allied reporting name</a> was "Zeke", although the name "Zero" was used more commonly. The Zero is considered to have been the most capable carrier-based fighter in the world when it was introduced early in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, combining excellent maneuverability and very long range.<a href="#cite_note-Hawks-3">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service</a> also frequently used it as a land-based fighter. In early combat operations, the Zero gained a reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfighter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Young_2013_36-4">[3]</a> achieving an outstanding kill ratio of 12 to 1,<a href="#cite_note-Thompson_with_Smith_p._231.-5">[4]</a> but by mid-1942 a combination of new tactics and the introduction of better equipment enabled <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> pilots to engage the Zero on generally equal terms.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> By 1943, the Zero was less effective against newer Allied fighters. The Zero lacked hydraulic boosting for its <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a> and rudder, rendering it difficult to maneuver at high speeds. Lack of <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a> also made it more vulnerable than its contemporaries. By 1944, the A6M had fallen behind Allied fighters in durability and speed and was regarded as outdated. However, as design delays and production difficulties hampered the introduction of newer Japanese aircraft models, the Zero continued to serve in a front-line role until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">war in the Pacific</a>. During the final phases, it was also adapted for use in <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> operations.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Japan produced more Zeros than any other model of combat aircraft during the war.<a href="#cite_note-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_p._138.-8">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Mitsubishi A5M</a> fighter was just entering service in early 1937, when the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> started looking for its eventual replacement. On 5 October 1937, it issued "Planning Requirements for the Prototype 12-shi Carrier-based Fighter", sending them to <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Aircraft_Company" title="Nakajima Aircraft Company">Nakajima</a> and Mitsubishi. Both firms started preliminary design work while awaiting more definitive requirements a few months later.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Based on the experiences of the A5M in China, the IJN sent out updated requirements in October, calling for a speed of 270 kn (310 mph; 500 km/h) at 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and a climb to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 9.5 minutes. With <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">drop tanks</a>, the IJN wanted an endurance of two hours at normal power, or six to eight hours at economical cruising speed. Armament was to consist of two <a href="/wiki/20_mm_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="20 mm cannon">20 mm cannons</a>, two 7.7 mm (.303 in) <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a> and two 60 kg (130 lb) <a href="/wiki/Bomb" title="Bomb">bombs</a>. A complete radio set was to be mounted in all aircraft, along with a <a href="/wiki/Radio_direction_finder" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio direction finder">radio direction finder</a> for long-range navigation.<a href="#cite_note-Franc70p363-4-10">[9]</a> The maneuverability was to be at least equal to that of the A5M, while the wingspan had to be less than 12 m (39 ft) to allow for use on aircraft carriers. Nakajima's team considered the new requirements unachievable and pulled out of the competition in January. Mitsubishi's chief designer, <a href="/wiki/Jiro_Horikoshi" title="Jiro Horikoshi">Jiro Horikoshi</a>, thought that the requirements could be met, but only if the aircraft were made as light as possible. Every possible weight-saving measure was incorporated into the design. Most of the aircraft was built of a new top-secret aluminium alloy developed by <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Metal_Industries" title="Sumitomo Metal Industries">Sumitomo Metal Industries</a> in 1936. Called "<a href="/wiki/7075_aluminium_alloy" title="7075 aluminium alloy">extra super duralumin</a>", it was lighter, stronger and more ductile than other alloys used at the time but was prone to corrosive attack, which made it brittle.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> This detrimental effect was countered with a <a href="/wiki/Zinc_chromate" title="Zinc chromate">zinc chromate</a> anti-corrosion coating applied after fabrication. No armour protection was provided for the pilot, engine or other critical points of the aircraft, and <a href="/wiki/Self-sealing_fuel_tank" title="Self-sealing fuel tank">self-sealing fuel tanks</a>, which were becoming common among other combatants, were not used. This made the Zero lighter, more maneuverable, and one of the longest-ranged single-engine fighters of World War II, which made it capable of searching out an enemy hundreds of kilometres away, bringing it to battle, then returning to its base or aircraft carrier. However, that tradeoff in weight and construction also made it prone to catching fire and exploding when struck by enemy fire.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> With its low-wing <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilever</a> <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a> layout, retractable wide-set <a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear" title="Conventional landing gear">conventional landing gear</a>, and enclosed cockpit, the Zero was one of the most modern carrier-based aircraft in the world at the time of its introduction. It had a fairly high-lift, low-speed wing with very low <a href="/wiki/Wing_loading" title="Wing loading">wing loading</a>. Combined with its light weight, this resulted in a very low <a href="/wiki/Stall_(flight)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall (flight)">stalling speed</a> of well below 60 kn (110 km/h; 69 mph). This was the main reason for its phenomenal maneuverability, allowing it to out-turn any Allied fighter of the time. Early models were fitted with <a href="/wiki/Servo_tab" title="Servo tab">servo tabs</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a> after pilots complained that control forces became too heavy at speeds above 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph). They were discontinued on later models after it was found that the lightened control forces were causing pilots to overstress the wings during vigorous maneuvers.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name">Name</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft</a></div> The A6M is usually known as the "Zero" from its Japanese Navy <a href="/wiki/Type_(designation)#Japan" title="Type (designation)">aircraft type designation</a>, Type 0 carrier fighter (Rei shiki Kanjō sentōki, 零式艦上戦闘機), taken from the last digit of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar#Years" title="Japanese calendar">Imperial year</a> 2600 (1940) when it entered service. In Japan, it was unofficially referred to as both Rei-sen and Zero-sen; Japanese pilots most commonly called it Zero-sen, where sen is the first syllable of sentōki, Japanese for "fighter plane".<a href="#cite_note-14">[Note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> In the official designation "A6M", the "A" signified a carrier-based fighter, "6" meant that it was the sixth such model built for the Imperial Navy, and "M" indicated Mitsubishi as the manufacturer. The official Allied code name was "Zeke", in keeping with the practice of giving male names to Japanese fighters, female names to <a href="/wiki/Bombers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombers">bombers</a>, bird names to <a href="/wiki/Military_glider" title="Military glider">gliders</a>, and tree names to <a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">trainers</a>. "Zeke" was part of the first batch of "hillbilly" code names assigned by Captain Frank T. McCoy of Nashville, Tennessee (assigned to the Allied <a href="/wiki/Technical_Air_Intelligence_Unit" title="Technical Air Intelligence Unit">Technical Air Intelligence Unit</a> at <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Farm_Airport" title="Eagle Farm Airport">Eagle Farm Airport</a> in Australia), who wanted quick, distinctive, easy-to-remember names. The <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">Allied code for Japanese aircraft</a> was introduced in 1942, and McCoy chose "Zeke" for the "Zero". Later, two variants of the fighter received their own code names. The <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">Nakajima A6M2-N</a> <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplane</a> version of the Zero was called "Rufe", and the A6M3-32 variant was initially called "Hap". General <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">"Hap" Arnold</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a>, objected to that name, however, so it was changed to "Hamp". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg/220px-Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg/330px-Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg/440px-Zero_Akagi_Dec1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5744" data-file-height="4574" /></a><figcaption>Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" Model 21 takes off from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Akagi" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi">Akagi</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack Pearl Harbor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M2_Cockpit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/A6M2_Cockpit.jpg/220px-A6M2_Cockpit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/A6M2_Cockpit.jpg/330px-A6M2_Cockpit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/A6M2_Cockpit.jpg/440px-A6M2_Cockpit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The cockpit (starboard console) of an A6M2 which crashed into Building 52 at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Kamehameha" title="Fort Kamehameha">Fort Kamehameha</a> during the attack on Pearl Harbor, killing the pilot.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg/220px-A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg/330px-A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg/440px-A6M3_Munda_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Mitsubishi A6M3 Zero wreck abandoned at Munda Airfield, Central Solomons, 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Zero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Japanese_Zero.jpg/220px-Japanese_Zero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Japanese_Zero.jpg/330px-Japanese_Zero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Japanese_Zero.jpg/440px-Japanese_Zero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A6M2 Zero photo c. 2004</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg/220px-A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg/330px-A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg/440px-A6M2_Zuikaku_Rabaul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Carrier A6M2 and A6M3 Zeros from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Zuikaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuikaku">Zuikaku</a> preparing for a mission at Rabaul</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg/220px-A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg/330px-A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg/440px-A6M3_Model22_UI105_Nishizawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>A6M3 Model 22, flown by Japanese ace <a href="/wiki/Hiroyoshi_Nishizawa" title="Hiroyoshi Nishizawa">Hiroyoshi Nishizawa</a> over the Solomon Islands, 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg/220px-Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg/330px-Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg/440px-Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Peleliu-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Wrecked A6M Zero in <a href="/wiki/Peleliu" title="Peleliu">Peleliu</a> jungle</figcaption></figure> The first Zeros (pre-series of 15 A6M2) went into operation with the 12th Rengo Kōkūtai in July 1940.<a href="#cite_note-Matricardi_p._88-16">[14]</a> On 13 September 1940, the Zeros scored their first air-to-air victories when 13 A6M2s led by Lieutenant Saburo Shindo, escorting 27 <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">G3M "Nell"</a> medium-heavy bombers on a <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">raid of Chongqing</a>, attacked 34 Soviet-built <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15">Polikarpov I-15s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">I-16s</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Air Force">Chinese Nationalist Air Force</a>, claimed "all 27" of the Chinese fighters shot down without loss to themselves. However Major <a href="/wiki/Louie_Yim-qun" title="Louie Yim-qun">Louie Yim-qun</a> had in fact nursed his I-15 riddled with 48 bullet holes back to base, and Lieutenant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Youxin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Youxin (page does not exist)">Gao Youxin</a> claimed to have shot down one Zero, but at most 4 Zeroes sustained some damage in the 1/2 hour-long dogfight over Chongqing.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> By the time they were redeployed a year later, the Zeros had shot down 99 Chinese aircraft<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> (up to 266 according to other sources).<a href="#cite_note-Matricardi_p._88-16">[14]</a> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, 521 Zeros were active in the Pacific, 328 in first-line units.<a href="#cite_note-Francillon_1979,_p._365-19">[17]</a> The carrier-borne Model 21 was the type encountered by the Americans. Its tremendous range of over 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) allowed it to range farther from its carrier than expected, appearing over distant battlefronts and giving Allied commanders the impression that there were several times as many Zeros as actually existed.<a href="#cite_note-Gunston_p._162.-20">[18]</a> The Zero quickly gained a fearsome reputation.<a href="#cite_note-Young_2013_36-4">[3]</a> Thanks to a combination of unsurpassed maneuverability—compared to contemporary Axis fighters—and excellent firepower, it easily disposed of Allied aircraft sent against it in the Pacific in 1941.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> It proved a difficult opponent even for the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a>. "The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> pilots were trained in methods that were excellent against German and Italian equipment but suicide against the acrobatic Japs", as Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Claire_Lee_Chennault" title="Claire Lee Chennault">Claire Lee Chennault</a> noted.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> Although not as fast as the British fighter, the Zero could out-turn the Spitfire with ease, sustain a climb at a very steep angle, and stay in the air for three times as long.<a href="#cite_note-Spick_p.165-24">[22]</a> Allied pilots soon developed tactics to cope with the Zero. Because of its extreme agility, engaging a Zero in a traditional turning dogfight was likely to be fatal.<a href="#cite_note-Spick_p._118.-25">[23]</a> It was better to swoop down from above in a high-speed pass, fire a quick burst, then climb quickly back up to altitude. A short burst of fire from heavy machine guns or cannon was often enough to destroy the Zero, provided that some hits rupture the fuel tanks. These tactics were regularly employed by <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman F4F Wildcat</a> fighters during <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal defense</a> through high-altitude ambush, which was possible with an early warning system consisting of <a href="/wiki/Coastwatchers" title="Coastwatchers">coastwatchers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> Such "boom-and-zoom" tactics were also successfully used in the <a href="/wiki/China_Burma_India_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="China Burma India Theater">China Burma India Theater</a> by the "<a href="/wiki/Flying_Tigers" title="Flying Tigers">Flying Tigers</a>" of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) against similarly maneuverable Japanese Army aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-27" title="Nakajima Ki-27">Nakajima Ki-27 "Nate"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-43_Hayabusa" title="Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa">Nakajima Ki-43 "Oscar"</a>. AVG pilots were trained by their commander Claire Chennault to exploit the advantages of their <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">P-40 Warhawks</a>, which were very sturdy, heavily armed, generally faster in a dive, and level flight at low altitude, with a good rate of roll.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Another important maneuver was Lieutenant Commander <a href="/wiki/John_Thach" title="John Thach">John S. "Jimmy" Thach</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Thach_Weave" title="Thach Weave">Thach Weave</a>", in which two fighters would fly about 60 m (200 ft) apart. If a Zero latched onto the tail of one of the fighters, the two aircraft would turn toward each other. If the Zero followed his original target through the turn, he would come into a position to be fired on by the target's wingman. This tactic was first used to good effect during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> and later over the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. Many highly experienced Japanese aviators were lost in combat, resulting in a progressive decline in pilot quality, which became a significant factor in Allied successes. Unexpected heavy losses of pilots at the Battles of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a> and Midway dealt the Japanese carrier air force a blow from which it never fully recovered.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv/220px-seek%3D493-Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="1197" data-mwtitle="Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>Short film <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_the_Japanese_Zero_Fighter" title="Recognition of the Japanese Zero Fighter">Recognition of the Japanese Zero Fighter</a> (1943), intended to help U.S. airmen quickly distinguish the Zero from friendly aircraft, with <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> as pilot Saunders.</figcaption></figure> Throughout the Battle of Midway Allied pilots expressed a high level of dissatisfaction with the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F4F Wildcat</a>. Captain <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Buckmaster" title="Elliott Buckmaster">Elliott Buckmaster</a>, commanding officer of <a href="/wiki/USS_Yorktown_(CV-5)" title="USS Yorktown (CV-5)">USS Yorktown</a> notes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The fighter pilots are very disappointed with the performance and length of sustained fire power of the F4F-4 airplanes. The Zero fighters could easily outmaneuver and out-climb the F4F-3, and the consensus of fighter pilot opinion is that the F4F-4 is even more sluggish and slow than the F4F-3. It is also felt that it was a mistake to put 6 guns on the F4F-4 and thus to reduce the rounds per gun. Many of our fighters ran out of ammunition even before the Jap dive bombers arrived over our forces; these were experienced pilots, not novices.<a href="#cite_note-history.navy.mil-30">[28]</a></blockquote> They were astounded by the Zero's superiority:<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In the Coral Sea, they made all their approaches from the rear or high side and did relatively little damage because of our armor. It also is desired to call attention to the fact that there was an absence of the fancy stunting during pull outs or approaches for attacks. In this battle, the Japs dove in, made the attack and then immediately pulled out, taking advantage of their superior climb and maneuverability. In attacking fighters, the Zeros usually attacked from above rear at high speed and recovered by climbing vertically until they lost some speed and then pulled on through to complete a small loop of high wing over which placed them out of reach and in position for another attack. By reversing the turn sharply after each attack the leader may get a shot at the enemy while he is climbing away or head on into a scissor if the Jap turns to meet it.<a href="#cite_note-history.navy.mil-30">[28]</a></blockquote> In contrast, Allied fighters were designed with ruggedness and pilot protection in mind.<a href="#cite_note-life1942110986-32">[30]</a> The Japanese ace <a href="/wiki/Sabur%C5%8D_Sakai" title="Saburō Sakai">Saburō Sakai</a> described how the toughness of early Grumman aircraft was a factor in preventing the Zero from attaining total domination: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I had full confidence in my ability to destroy the Grumman and decided to finish off the enemy fighter with only my 7.7 mm machine guns. I turned the 20mm cannon switch to the 'off' position, and closed in. For some strange reason, even after I had poured about five or six hundred rounds of ammunition directly into the Grumman, the airplane did not fall, but kept on flying! I thought this very odd—it had never happened before—and closed the distance between the two airplanes until I could almost reach out and touch the Grumman. To my surprise, the Grumman's rudder and tail were torn to shreds, looking like an old torn piece of rag. With his plane in such condition, no wonder the pilot was unable to continue fighting! A Zero which had taken that many bullets would have been a ball of fire by now.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a></blockquote> When the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">Lockheed P-38 Lightning</a>, armed with four <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning#AN/M2" title="M2 Browning">"light barrel" AN/M2 .50 cal. Browning</a> machine guns and one <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.404#US_production" title="Hispano-Suiza HS.404">20 mm autocannon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">Grumman F6F Hellcat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">Vought F4U Corsair</a>, each with six AN/M2 .50 calibre Browning guns, appeared in the Pacific theater, the A6M, with its low-powered engine and lighter armament, was hard-pressed to remain competitive. In combat with an F6F or F4U, the only positive thing that could be said of the Zero at this stage of the war was that, in the hands of a skillful pilot, it could maneuver as well as most of its opponents.<a href="#cite_note-Gunston_p._162.-20">[18]</a> Nonetheless, in competent hands, the Zero could still be deadly. Because of shortages of high-powered aviation engines and problems with planned successor models, namely the superior <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Mitsubishi A7M2 Reppū</a>, the Zero remained in production until 1945, with over 10,000 of all variants produced. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_analysis">Allied analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Allied analysis">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chinese_opinions">Chinese opinions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chinese opinions">edit</a>]</div> The Japanese deployed the A6M during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. Inevitably some aircraft were lost, with at least two falling more-or-less intact into Chinese hands. The first known example, an A6M2 (the 12th of the 15 pre-production aircraft, Serial V-110), fell near Fainan Island. On 18 September 1940 a team, including Western volunteers assisting the Chinese, examined the wreck. It was largely intact, and a detailed report was compiled and sent to the U.S. The second, an A6M2-21 (Serial V-173), made a forced landing near Tietsan airfield 17 February 1941. The pilot was shot before he could destroy his plane, the fuel system fixed, and it was taken into Chinese service. The plane was extensively flown and studied by a team which included <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Neumann" title="Gerhard Neumann">Gerhard Neumann</a>, and a detailed and illustrated report was sent to Washington. Overall they were impressed with the quality of the aircraft, less so by the performance—although this was later put down to using 85 octane fuel rather than the 100 octane required by the Sakae engine.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="American_opinions">American opinions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American opinions">edit</a>]</div> The American military discovered many of the A6M's unique attributes when they recovered a largely intact specimen of an A6M2, the <a href="/wiki/Akutan_Zero" title="Akutan Zero">Akutan Zero</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Akutan_Island" title="Akutan Island">Akutan Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Aleutians" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutians">Aleutians</a>. During an air raid over <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Harbor" title="Dutch Harbor">Dutch Harbor</a> on 4 June 1942, one A6M fighter was hit by ground-based anti-aircraft fire. Losing oil, Flight Petty Officer Tadayoshi Koga attempted an emergency landing on Akutan Island, about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Dutch Harbor, but his Zero flipped over on soft ground in a sudden crash-landing. Koga died instantly of head injuries (his neck was broken by the tremendous impact), but his wingmen hoped he had survived and so he went against Japanese doctrine to destroy disabled Zeros.<a href="#cite_note-:0-35">[33]</a> The relatively undamaged fighter was found over a month later by an American salvage team and was shipped to <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_North_Island" title="Naval Air Station North Island">Naval Air Station North Island</a>, where testing flights of the repaired A6M revealed both strengths and deficiencies in design and performance.<a href="#cite_note-life1942110986-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> The experts who evaluated the captured Zero found that the plane weighed about 2,360 kg (5,200 lb) fully loaded, some 1,260 kg (2,780 lb) lighter than the F4F Wildcat, the standard United States Navy fighter of the time. The A6M's airframe was "built like a fine watch"; the Zero was constructed with <a href="/wiki/Flush_rivet" class="mw-redirect" title="Flush rivet">flush rivets</a>, and even the guns were flush with the wings. The instrument panel was a "marvel of simplicity… with no superfluities to distract [the pilot]". What most impressed the experts was that the Zero's fuselage and wings were constructed in one piece, unlike the American method that built them separately and joined the two parts together. The Japanese method was much slower but resulted in a very strong structure and improved close maneuverability.<a href="#cite_note-life1942110986-32">[30]</a> American test pilots found that the Zero's controls were "very light" at 320 km/h (200 mph) but stiffened at speeds above 348 km/h (216 mph) to safeguard against wing failure.<a href="#cite_note-Green_and_Swanborough_2001-37">[35]</a> The Zero could not keep up with Allied aircraft in high-speed maneuvers, and its low "<a href="/wiki/Vne#VNE" class="mw-redirect" title="Vne">never exceed speed</a>" (VNE) made it vulnerable in a dive. Testing also revealed that the Zero could not roll as quickly to the right as it could to the left, which could be exploited.<a href="#cite_note-:0-35">[33]</a> While stable on the ground despite its light weight, the aircraft was designed purely for the attack role, emphasizing long range, maneuverability, and firepower at the expense of protection of its pilot. Most lacked self-sealing tanks and armor plating.<a href="#cite_note-life1942110986-32">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_opinions">British opinions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: British opinions">edit</a>]</div> Captain <a href="/wiki/Eric_Brown_(pilot)" title="Eric Brown (pilot)">Eric Brown</a>, the chief naval test pilot of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, recalled being impressed by the Zero during tests of captured aircraft. "I don't think I have ever flown a fighter that could match the rate of turn of the Zero. The Zero had ruled the roost totally and was the finest fighter in the world until mid-1943."<a href="#cite_note-Thompson_with_Smith_p._231.-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg/46px-Naval_ensign_of_the_Empire_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_zero_fighter_en-hierarchy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Type_zero_fighter_en-hierarchy.png" decoding="async" width="730" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M1,_Type_0_Prototypes">A6M1, Type 0 Prototypes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: A6M1, Type 0 Prototypes">edit</a>]</div> The first two A6M1 prototypes were completed in March 1939, powered by the 580 kW (780 hp) <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Zuisei" title="Mitsubishi Zuisei">Mitsubishi Zuisei</a> 13 engine with a two-blade propeller. It first flew on 1 April, and passed testing within a remarkably short period. By September, it had already been accepted for Navy testing as the A6M1 Type 0 Carrier Fighter, with the only notable change being a switch to a three-bladed propeller to cure a vibration problem. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M2a_Type_0_Model_11">A6M2a Type 0 Model 11</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: A6M2a Type 0 Model 11">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_11_on_China.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zero_11_on_China.JPG/220px-Zero_11_on_China.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zero_11_on_China.JPG/330px-Zero_11_on_China.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zero_11_on_China.JPG/440px-Zero_11_on_China.JPG 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Two Zeros over China</figcaption></figure> While the Navy was testing the first two prototypes, they suggested that the third be fitted with the 700 kW (940 hp) <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Sakae" title="Nakajima Sakae">Nakajima Sakae</a> 12 engine instead. Mitsubishi had its own engine of this class in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Kinsei" title="Mitsubishi Kinsei">Kinsei</a>, so they were somewhat reluctant to use the Sakae. Nevertheless, when the first A6M2 was completed in January 1940, the Sakae's extra power pushed the performance of the Zero well past the original specifications. The new version was so promising that the Navy had 15 built and shipped to China before they had completed testing. They arrived in <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> in July 1940, and first saw combat over <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> in August. There they proved to be completely untouchable by the <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">Polikarpov I-16s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">I-153s</a> that had been such a problem for the A5Ms when in service. In one encounter, 13 Zeros shot down 27 I-15s and I-16s in under three minutes without loss. After hearing of these reports, the Navy immediately ordered the A6M2 into production as the Type 0 Carrier Fighter, Model 11. Reports of the Zero's performance slowly filtered back to the US. They were met with scepticism by most US military officials, who thought it impossible for the Japanese to build such an aircraft. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M2b_Type_0_Model_21">A6M2b Type 0 Model 21</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: A6M2b Type 0 Model 21">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrier_shokaku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carrier_shokaku.jpg/220px-Carrier_shokaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carrier_shokaku.jpg/330px-Carrier_shokaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Carrier_shokaku.jpg/440px-Carrier_shokaku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5594" data-file-height="4232" /></a><figcaption>A6M2 "Zero" Model 21 of <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dkaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōkaku">Shōkaku</a> prior to attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941</figcaption></figure> After the delivery of the 65th aircraft, a further change was worked into the production lines, which introduced folding wingtips to allow them to fit on aircraft carriers.<a href="#cite_note-Francillon_1979,_p._365-19">[17]</a> The resulting Model 21 would become one of the most produced versions early in the war. A feature was the improved range with 520 L (140 US gal) wing tank and 320 L (85 US gal) drop tank. When the lines switched to updated models, 740 Model 21s had been completed by Mitsubishi, and another 800 by Nakajima. Two other versions of the Model 21 were built in small numbers, the Nakajima-built A6M2-N "Rufe" floatplane (based on the Model 11 with a slightly modified tail), and the A6M2-K two-seat trainer of which a total of 508 were built by Hitachi and the Sasebo Naval Air Arsenal.<a href="#cite_note-Francillon,1979,_p._399-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M3_Type_0_Model_32"> A6M3 Type 0 Model 32</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: A6M3 Type 0 Model 32">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M3_Model32-common.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A6M3_Model32-common.jpg/220px-A6M3_Model32-common.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A6M3_Model32-common.jpg/330px-A6M3_Model32-common.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/A6M3_Model32-common.jpg/440px-A6M3_Model32-common.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>A6M3 Model 32</figcaption></figure> In 1941, Nakajima introduced the Sakae 21 engine, which used a two-speed <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a> for better altitude performance, and increased power to 831 kW (1,130 hp). A prototype Zero with the new engine was first flown on 15 July 1941.<a href="#cite_note-Nohara_1993,_p._76-39">[37]</a> The new Sakae was slightly heavier and somewhat longer due to the larger supercharger, which moved the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Center of gravity">center of gravity</a> too far forward on the existing airframe. To correct for this, the engine mountings were cut back by 185 mm (7.3 in) to move the engine toward the cockpit. This had the side effect of reducing the size of the main fuselage fuel tank (located between the engine and the cockpit) from 518 L (137 US gal) to 470 L (120 US gal). The cowling was redesigned to enlarge the cowl flaps, revise the oil cooler air intake, and move the carburetor air intake to the upper half of the cowling.<a href="#cite_note-Nohara_1993,_p._51-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> The wings were redesigned to reduce span, eliminate the folding tips, and square off the wingtips. The inboard edge of the aileron was moved outboard by one rib, and the wing fuel tanks were enlarged accordingly to 420 L (110 US gal). The two 20 mm wing cannon were upgraded from the <a href="/wiki/Type_99_cannon" title="Type 99 cannon">Type 99 Mark 1</a> to the Mark 2,<a href="#cite_note-Nohara_1993,_p._51-40">[38]</a> which required a bulge in the sheet metal of the wing below each cannon. The wings also included larger ammunition boxes and thus allowing 100 rounds per cannon. The Sakae 21 engine and other changes increased maximum speed by only 11 km/h (6.8 mph) compared to the Model 21, but sacrificed nearly 1,000 km (620 miles) of range.<a href="#cite_note-Nohara_1993,_p._76-39">[37]</a> Nevertheless, the Navy accepted the type and it entered production in April 1942.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-42">[40]</a> The shorter wingspan led to better roll, and the reduced drag allowed the diving speed to be increased to 670 km/h (415 mph). On the downside, turning and range, which were the strengths of the Model 21, suffered due to smaller ailerons, decreased lift and greater fuel consumption. The shorter range proved a significant limitation during the Solomons Campaign, during which Zeros based at Rabaul had to travel nearly to their maximum range to reach Guadalcanal and return.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-43">[41]</a> Consequently, the Model 32 was unsuited to that campaign<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-42">[40]</a> and was used mainly for shorter range offensive missions and interception. This variant was flown by only a small number of units, and only 343 were built. One example survives today, and is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Tachiarai_Peace_Memorial_Museum" title="Tachiarai Peace Memorial Museum">Tachiarai Peace Memorial Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tachiarai,_Fukuoka" title="Tachiarai, Fukuoka">Tachiarai, Fukuoka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M3_Type_0_Model_22">A6M3 Type 0 Model 22</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: A6M3 Type 0 Model 22">edit</a>]</div> In order to correct the deficiencies of the Model 32, a new version with folding wingtips and redesigned wing was introduced. The fuel tanks were moved to the outer wings, fuel lines for a 330 L (87 US gal) drop tank were installed under each wing and the internal fuel capacity was increased to 570 L (150 US gal). More importantly, it regained its capabilities for long operating ranges, similar to the previous A6M2 Model 21, which was vastly shortened by the Model 32. However, before the new design type was accepted formally by the Navy, the A6M3 Model 22 already stood ready for service in December 1942. Approximately 560 aircraft of the new type had been produced in the meantime by Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-45">[43]</a> According to a theory, the very late production Model 22 might have had wings similar to the shortened, rounded-tip wing of the Model 52.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> One plane of such arrangement was photographed at <a href="/wiki/Lakunai_Airfield" title="Lakunai Airfield">Lakunai Airfield</a> ("Rabaul East") in the second half of 1943, and has been published widely in a number of Japanese books. While the engine cowling is the same of previous Model 32 and 22, the theory proposes that the plane is an early production Model 52.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> The Model 32, 22, 22 Kō, 52, 52 Kō and 52 Otsu were all powered by the Nakajima Sakae Mod. 21 engine.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-43">[41]</a> That engine kept its designation in spite of changes in the exhaust system for the Model 52. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M4_Type_0_Model_41/42">A6M4 Type 0 Model 41/42</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: A6M4 Type 0 Model 41/42">edit</a>]</div> Mitsubishi is unable to state with certainty that it ever used the designation "A6M4" or model numbers for it. However, "A6M4" does appear in a translation of a captured Japanese memo from a Naval Air Technical Arsenal, titled Quarterly Report on Research Experiments, dated 1 October 1942.<a href="#cite_note-CINPAC_14-48">[46]</a> It mentions a "cross-section of the A6M4 intercooler" then being designed. Some researchers believe "A6M4" was applied to one or two prototype planes fitted with an experimental turbo-supercharged Sakae engine designed for high altitude.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Mitsubishi's involvement in the project was probably quite limited or nil; the unmodified Sakae engine was made by Nakajima.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-43">[41]</a> The design and testing of the turbo-supercharger was the responsibility of the First Naval Air [Technical] Arsenal (第一海軍航空廠, Dai Ichi Kaigun Kōkūshō) at Yokosuka.<a href="#cite_note-CINPAC_14-48">[46]</a> At least one photo of a prototype plane exists. It shows a turbo unit mounted in the forward left fuselage. Lack of suitable alloys for use in the manufacture of a turbo-supercharger and its related ducting caused numerous ruptures, resulting in fires and poor performance. Consequently, further development of a turbo-supercharged A6M was cancelled. The lack of acceptance by the Navy suggests that it did not bestow model number 41 or 42 formally, although it appears that the arsenal did use the designation "A6M4". The prototype engines nevertheless provided useful experience for future engine designs.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M5_Type_0_Model_52">A6M5 Type 0 Model 52</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: A6M5 Type 0 Model 52">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M5_scrapped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/A6M5_scrapped.jpg/220px-A6M5_scrapped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/A6M5_scrapped.jpg/330px-A6M5_scrapped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/A6M5_scrapped.jpg/440px-A6M5_scrapped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>Mitsubishi A6M5 Model 52s among other aircraft types abandoned by the Japanese at the end of the war (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Facility_Atsugi" title="Naval Air Facility Atsugi">Atsugi Naval Air Base</a>) and captured by US forces.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg/220px-A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg/330px-A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg/440px-A6M5_52c_Kyushu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>A6M5c Zeros preparing to take part in a kamikaze attack in early 1945</figcaption></figure> Sometimes considered as the most effective variant,<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> the Model 52 was developed to again shorten the wings to increase speed and dispense with the folding wing mechanism. In addition, ailerons, aileron trim tab and flaps were revised.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Produced first by Mitsubishi, most Model 52s were made by Nakajima. The prototype was made in June 1943 by modifying an A6M3 and was first flown in August 1943.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> The first Model 52 is said in the handling manual<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> to have production number 3904,<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> which apparently refers to the prototype. Research by Mr. Bunzo Komine published by Mr. Kenji Miyazaki states that aircraft 3904 through 4103 had the same exhaust system and cowl flaps as on the Model 22.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> This is partially corroborated by two wrecks researched by Mr. Stan Gajda and Mr. L. G. Halls, production number 4007 and 4043, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] (The upper cowling was slightly redesigned from that of the Model 22.<a href="#cite_note-Nohara_1993,_p._51-40">[38]</a>) An early production A6M5 Zero with non-separated exhaust, with an A6M3 Model 22 in the background. A new exhaust system provided an increment of thrust by aiming the stacks aft and distributing them around the forward fuselage. The new exhaust system required "notched" cowl flaps and heat shields just aft of the stacks. (Note, however, that the handling manual translation states that the new style of exhaust commenced with number 3904. Whether this is correct, indicates retrofitting intentions, refers to the prototype but not to all subsequent planes, or is in error, is unclear.) From production number 4274, the wing fuel tanks received <a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher#Halons,_Halon-replacement_clean_agents_and_carbon_dioxide" title="Fire extinguisher">carbon dioxide fire extinguishers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> From number 4354, the radio became the Model 3, aerial Mark 1, and at that point it is said the antenna mast was shortened slightly.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> Through production number 4550, the lowest exhaust stacks were approximately the same length as those immediately above them. This caused hot exhaust to burn the forward edge of the landing gear doors and heat the tires. Therefore, from number 4551 Mitsubishi began to install shorter bottom stacks.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> Nakajima manufactured the Model 52 at its Koizumi plant in <a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma Prefecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> The A6M5 had a maximum speed of 565 km/h (351 mph) at 6,000 m (20,000 ft), reaching that altitude in 7:01 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Subsequent variants included: <ul><li>A6M5a, Model 52甲 (Kō, 52a) – Starting at Mitsubishi number 4651, an armament change substituted the belt-fed Type 99-2 Mark 4 cannon, with 125 rounds per gun, in place of the drum-fed Type 99-2 Mark 3 cannon that carried 100 rounds per gun. Hence, the bulge in the underside of the wing for each cannon's ammunition drum was deleted and the ejection port for spent cartridge cases was moved. Thicker wing skinning was installed to permit higher diving speeds.<a href="#cite_note-Kessaku_Ki_1993,_p._22-67">[65]</a></li> <li>A6M5b, Model 52乙 (Otsu, 52b) – Armament change: The 7.7 mm (.303 in) Type 97 gun (750 m/s (2,500 ft/s) muzzle velocity and 600 m (2,000 ft) range) in the right forward fuselage was replaced by a 13.2 mm <a href="/wiki/Type_3_aircraft_machine_gun" title="Type 3 aircraft machine gun">Type 3 Browning-derived gun</a> (790 m/s (2,600 ft/s) muzzle velocity and 900 m (3,000 ft) range, with a rate of fire of 800 rounds per minute) with 240 rounds. The larger weapon required an enlarged opening, creating a distinctive asymmetric appearance to the top of the cowling, and a revised gas outlet near the windscreen. In addition, each wing cannon received a fairing at the wing leading edge. A plate of armored glass 45 mm (1.8 in) thick was fitted to the windscreen. A larger propeller spinner was fitted, suggesting a change to the propeller.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> The type of ventral drop tank was changed, it now had fins and was suspended on a slanted pipe. The first of this variant was completed in April 1944 and it was produced until October 1944.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a></li> <li>A6M5c, Model 52丙 (Hei, 52c) – Armament change: One 13.2 mm (.51 in) Type 3 machine gun was added in each wing outboard of the cannon, and the 7.7 mm gun on the left side of the cowl was deleted. Four racks for rockets or small bombs were installed outboard of the 13 mm gun in each wing. Engine change: Some sources state that the hei had a Sakae 31 engine<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> In addition, a 55 mm (2.2 in) thick piece of armored glass was installed at the headrest and an 8 mm (0.31 in) thick plate of armor was installed behind the seat. The mounting of the central 300 L (79 US gal) drop tank changed to a four-post design.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Wing skin was thickened further. The first of this variant was completed in September 1944.<a href="#cite_note-Kessaku_Ki_1993,_p._22-67">[65]</a> Because of the gain in weight, this variant was used mainly for intercepting <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">B-29s</a> and special attack.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a></li> <li>A6M5-S (A6M5 Yakan Sentōki) – Armament change: To intercept B-29s and other night-flying aircraft, an air arsenal converted some Model 52s to <a href="/wiki/Night_fighter" title="Night fighter">night fighters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> They were armed with one 20 mm Type 99 cannon behind the pilot, aimed upward, similar in intent to the Luftwaffe's <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%A4ge_Musik" title="Schräge Musik">Schräge Musik</a> installation.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> However, lack of radar prevented them from being very effective.</li></ul> Some Model 21 and 52 aircraft were converted to "bakusen" (<a href="/wiki/Fighter-bomber" title="Fighter-bomber">fighter-bombers</a>) by mounting a bomb rack and 250 kg (550 lb) bomb in place of the centerline drop tank. Up to seven Model 52 planes were ostensibly converted into A6M5-K two-seat trainers.<a href="#cite_note-Francillon,1979,_p._399-38">[36]</a> Mass production was contemplated by Hitachi, but not undertaken.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M6_Type_0_Model_53">A6M6 Type 0 Model 53</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: A6M6 Type 0 Model 53">edit</a>]</div> The A6M6 was developed to use the Sakae 31a engine, featuring water-methanol engine boost and self-sealing wing tanks.<a href="#cite_note-Jim_Winchester-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-AIAA-77">[75]</a> During preliminary testing, its performance was considered unsatisfactory due to the additional engine power failing to materialize and the unreliability of the fuel injection system.<a href="#cite_note-James_A._Oleson-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kenneth_Munson-79">[77]</a> Testing continued on the A6M6 but the end of war stopped further development. Only one prototype was produced. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M7_Type_0_Model_62/63">A6M7 Type 0 Model 62/63</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: A6M7 Type 0 Model 62/63">edit</a>]</div> The A6M7 was the last variant to see service. It was designed to meet a requirement by the Navy for a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Attack_aircraft" title="Attack aircraft">attack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive bomber</a> version that could operate from smaller aircraft carriers<a href="#cite_note-Franc70p363-4-10">[9]</a> or according to another source, replace the obsolete <a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Aichi D3A</a>.<a href="#cite_note-James_D’Angina-80">[78]</a> The A6M7 had considerable design changes compared to previous attempts to make the A6M suitable for dive bombing. This included a reinforced vertical stabilizer, a special bomb rack, provision of two 350-litre drop tanks and fixed bomb/rocket swing stoppers on the underside of the wings.<a href="#cite_note-basil_collier-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-david_mondey-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-thomas_newdick-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-James_D’Angina-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Franc70p363-4-10">[9]</a> It was also given a new powerplant, the Sakae-31 engine, producing 1,130 hp on take-off. The A6M7 had a similar armament layout to the A6M5c with the exception of the bomb centreline bomb rack, capable of carrying 250 kg or 500 kg bombs. Entering production in May 1945,<a href="#cite_note-Franc70p363-4-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-basil_collier-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-thomas_newdick-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-david_mondey-82">[80]</a> the A6M7 was also used for <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">Kamikaze</a> attacks.<a href="#cite_note-M-B-K-G-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peter_C_Smith-85">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6M8_Type_0_Model_64">A6M8 Type 0 Model 64</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: A6M8 Type 0 Model 64">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A6M8_Type_64_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/A6M8_Type_64_.jpg/220px-A6M8_Type_64_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/A6M8_Type_64_.jpg/330px-A6M8_Type_64_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/A6M8_Type_64_.jpg/440px-A6M8_Type_64_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2235" /></a><figcaption>A6M8 Type 64: one of two prototypes being tested by US Forces at <a href="/wiki/Misawa_Air_Base" title="Misawa Air Base">Misawa Air Base</a></figcaption></figure> Similar to the A6M6 but with the Sakae, now out of production, replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Kinsei" title="Mitsubishi Kinsei">Mitsubishi Kinsei</a> 62 engine with 1,163 kW (1,560 hp), 60% more powerful than the A6M2's engine.<a href="#cite_note-Matricardi_p._88-16">[14]</a> This resulted in an extensively modified cowling and nose for the aircraft. The carburetor intake was much larger, a long duct like that on the <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N_Tenzan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakajima B6N Tenzan">Nakajima B6N Tenzan</a> was added, and a large spinner — like that on the <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y_Suisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokosuka D4Y Suisei">Yokosuka D4Y Suisei</a> with the Kinsei 62 — was mounted. The armament consisted of two 13.2 mm (.52 in) Type 3 machine guns and two 20 mm (.80 in) Type 99 cannons in the wings. In addition, the Model 64 was modified to carry two 150 L (40 US gal) drop tanks on either wing in order to permit the mounting of a 250 kg (550 lb) bomb on the underside of the fuselage. Two prototypes were completed in April 1945 but the chaotic situation of Japanese industry and the end of the war obstructed the start of the ambitious program of production for 6,300 A6M8s, only the two prototypes being completed and flown.<a href="#cite_note-Matricardi_p._88-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Francillon_p374-5-86">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>A6M Production: <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Jukogyo K.K.</a><a href="#cite_note-USSBS,_1947._p._124-125-87">[85]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Jan</th> <th>Feb</th> <th>Mar</th> <th>Apr</th> <th>May</th> <th>Jun</th> <th>Jul</th> <th>Aug</th> <th>Sep</th> <th>Oct</th> <th>Nov</th> <th>Dec</th> <th>Annual </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1939 </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td style="background: #eee;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1940 </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>3</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>19</td> <td>23</td> <td>19</td> <td style="background: #eee;">98 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1941 </th> <td>23</td> <td>23</td> <td>30</td> <td>27</td> <td>30</td> <td>26</td> <td>25</td> <td>30</td> <td>33</td> <td>43</td> <td>52</td> <td>60</td> <td style="background: #eee;">402 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1942 </th> <td>60</td> <td>58</td> <td>55</td> <td>54</td> <td>58</td> <td>45</td> <td>46</td> <td>51</td> <td>64</td> <td>65</td> <td>67</td> <td>69</td> <td style="background: #eee;">692 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1943 </th> <td>68</td> <td>69</td> <td>73</td> <td>73</td> <td>73</td> <td>73</td> <td>77</td> <td>85</td> <td>93</td> <td>105</td> <td>110</td> <td>130</td> <td style="background: #eee;">1,029 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1944 </th> <td>125</td> <td>115</td> <td>105</td> <td>109</td> <td>95</td> <td>100</td> <td>115</td> <td>135</td> <td>135</td> <td>145</td> <td>115</td> <td>62</td> <td style="background: #eee;">1,356 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center">1945 </th> <td>35</td> <td>59</td> <td>40</td> <td>37</td> <td>38</td> <td>23</td> <td>15</td> <td>52</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #eee;">299 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee;"> <td style="text-align:center">Total </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="border-top: black solid">3,879 </td></tr></tbody></table> Not included: <ul><li>A second A6M1 was completed on 17 March 1939,<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> but was written off without explanation after completing the company's flight test program in July 1940.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>A6M Production: Ota, <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Aircraft_Company" title="Nakajima Aircraft Company">Nakajima Hikoki K.K.</a><a href="#cite_note-USSBS,_1947._p._40-42-90">[88]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Jan</th> <th>Feb</th> <th>Mar</th> <th>Apr</th> <th>May</th> <th>Jun</th> <th>Jul</th> <th>Aug</th> <th>Sep</th> <th>Oct</th> <th>Nov</th> <th>Dec</th> <th>Annual </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1941 </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background: #eee;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1942 </td> <td>19</td> <td>22</td> <td>35</td> <td>31</td> <td>36</td> <td>34</td> <td>52</td> <td>65</td> <td>75</td> <td>88</td> <td>99</td> <td>118</td> <td style="background: #eee;">674 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1943 </td> <td>110</td> <td>119</td> <td>133</td> <td>144</td> <td>148</td> <td>152</td> <td>153</td> <td>156</td> <td>243</td> <td>182</td> <td>202</td> <td>225</td> <td style="background: #eee;">1,967 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1944 </td> <td>238</td> <td>154</td> <td>271</td> <td>230</td> <td>232</td> <td>200</td> <td>163</td> <td>232</td> <td>245</td> <td>194</td> <td>109</td> <td>206</td> <td style="background: #eee;">2,474 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1945 </td> <td>216</td> <td>108</td> <td>207</td> <td>230</td> <td>247</td> <td>185</td> <td>138</td> <td>85</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #eee;">1,416 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee;"> <td style="text-align:center">Total </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="border-top: black solid">6,538 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trainer">Trainer</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Trainer">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>A6M Trainer Production: Chiba, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi Kokuki K.K.</a><a href="#cite_note-USSBS,_1947._p._42-91">[89]</a> and Omura, <a href="/wiki/Sasebo_Naval_Arsenal" title="Sasebo Naval Arsenal">Dai-Nijuichi K.K.</a><a href="#cite_note-USSBS,_1947._p._6-92">[90]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Jan</th> <th>Feb</th> <th>Mar</th> <th>Apr</th> <th>May</th> <th>Jun</th> <th>Jul</th> <th>Aug</th> <th>Sep</th> <th>Oct</th> <th>Nov</th> <th>Dec</th> <th>Annual </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1943 </td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>12</td> <td>15</td> <td style="background: #eee;">110 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1944 </td> <td>12</td> <td>16</td> <td>17</td> <td>18</td> <td>17</td> <td>23</td> <td>30</td> <td>29</td> <td>15</td> <td>23</td> <td>27</td> <td>25</td> <td style="background: #eee;">252 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1945 </td> <td>23</td> <td>8</td> <td>34</td> <td>21</td> <td>31</td> <td>23</td> <td>15</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="background: #eee;">155 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #eee;"> <td style="text-align:center">Total </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td style="border-top: black solid">517 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Total_production">Total production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Total production">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>According to USSBS Report: 10,934 <ul><li>includes: 10,094 A6M, 323 A6M2-N and 517 A6M-K builds.</li></ul></li> <li>According to Francillon: 11,291 <ul><li>includes: 10,449 A6M,<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> 327 A6M2-N,<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> 508 A6M2-K and 7 A6M5-K builds.<a href="#cite_note-Francillon,1979,_p._399-38">[36]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_A6M2,_Type_0_Model_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mitsubishi_A6M2%2C_Type_0_Model_21.jpg/220px-Mitsubishi_A6M2%2C_Type_0_Model_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mitsubishi_A6M2%2C_Type_0_Model_21.jpg/330px-Mitsubishi_A6M2%2C_Type_0_Model_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Mitsubishi_A6M2%2C_Type_0_Model_21.jpg/440px-Mitsubishi_A6M2%2C_Type_0_Model_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>A6M2 Model 21 on display at the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Aviation_Museum_Pearl_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor">Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor</a>, Hawaii, United States. This aircraft was made airworthy in the early 1980s before being <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_on_ground" title="Aircraft on ground">grounded</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG/220px-MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG/330px-MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG/440px-MitsuZero_AirandSpace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A6M5 on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>, United States</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg/220px-Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg/330px-Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg/440px-Mitsubishi-A6M-Zero-Yushukan-2016-Luka-Peternel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A6M5 on display at <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsh%C5%ABkan" title="Yūshūkan">Yūshūkan</a> in Tokyo, Japan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg/220px-Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg/330px-Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg/440px-Zero_Fighter_Plane_Model_21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2628" data-file-height="1972" /></a><figcaption>A6M on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science" title="National Museum of Nature and Science">National Museum of Nature and Science</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A propeller aircraft on display in a museum. The wing tips are folded up." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg/220px-Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg/330px-Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg/440px-Mitsubishi_A62M_Zero_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1173" /></a><figcaption>An A6M at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the USAF</a>, painted to represent a section leader's aircraft from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Zuih%C5%8D" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Zuihō">Japanese aircraft carrier Zuihō</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea" title="Battle of the Bismarck Sea">Battle of the Bismarck Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Factsheets:_Mitsubishi_A6M2_Zero-96">[94]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg/220px-2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg/330px-2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg/440px-2017RedBullAirRaceChibaMitsubishiA6MZero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2017_Red_Bull_Air_Race_of_Chiba" title="2017 Red Bull Air Race of Chiba">2017 Red Bull Air Race of Chiba</a> (N553TT)</figcaption></figure> Like many surviving World War II Japanese aircraft, most surviving Zeros are made up of parts from multiple airframes. As a result, some are referred to by conflicting manufacturer serial numbers. Other planes, such as those recovered after decades in a wrecked condition, have been reconstructed to the extent that the majority of their structure is made up of modern parts. All of this means the identities of surviving aircraft can be difficult to confirm. Most flying Zeros have had their engines replaced with <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830">similar American units</a>. Only one, the <a href="/wiki/Planes_of_Fame_Air_Museum" title="Planes of Fame Air Museum">Planes of Fame Air Museum</a>'s A6M5, has the original Sakae engine.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> The rarity of flyable Zeros accounts for the use of single-seat <a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">North American T-6 Texans</a>, with heavily modified fuselages and painted in Japanese markings, as substitutes for Zeros in the films <a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Final_Countdown_(film)" title="The Final Countdown (film)">The Final Countdown</a>, and many other television and film depictions of the aircraft, such as <a href="/wiki/Baa_Baa_Black_Sheep_(TV_series)" title="Baa Baa Black Sheep (TV series)">Baa Baa Black Sheep</a> (renamed Black Sheep Squadron). One Model 52 was used during the production of <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(film)" title="Pearl Harbor (film)">Pearl Harbor</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>840 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aviation_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aviation Heritage Centre">Australian Aviation Heritage Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winnellie,_Northern_Territory" title="Winnellie, Northern Territory">Winnellie, Northern Territory</a>. Wreckage of the forward fuselage, inboard wings, engine, and propeller.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a></li> <li>5784 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra,_Australian_Capital_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Canberra, Australian Capital Territory">Canberra, Australian Capital Territory</a>. A restored A6M2-21 "V-173" was retrieved as a wreck after the war and later found to have been flown by <a href="/wiki/Sabur%C5%8D_Sakai" title="Saburō Sakai">Saburō Sakai</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lae" title="Lae">Lae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Unknown serial number – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Military_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Military Museum">Beijing Military Museum</a><a href="#cite_note-smith_p141-102">[100]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Replica – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Technik_Museum_Speyer" title="Technik Museum Speyer">Technik Museum Speyer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate</a>. Replica of the fuselage section on display at IWM London.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-classicwings-104">[102]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Indonesia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg/220px-Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg/330px-Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg/440px-Mitsubishi-A6-M5-Zero-Zen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5546" data-file-height="3697" /></a><figcaption>A6M on display at <a href="/wiki/Dirgantara_Mandala_Museum" title="Dirgantara Mandala Museum">Dirgantara Mandala Museum</a>, Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Unknown serial number – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Dirgantara_Mandala_Museum" title="Dirgantara Mandala Museum">Dirgantara Mandala Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smith_p141-102">[100]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Japan">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1493 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Kawaguchiko_Motor_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawaguchiko Motor Museum">Kawaguchiko Motor Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fujikawaguchiko,_Yamanashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi">Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a></li> <li>4168/4240/4241 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsh%C5%ABkan" title="Yūshūkan">Yūshūkan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiyoda,_Tokyo" title="Chiyoda, Tokyo">Chiyoda, Tokyo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a></li> <li>4685 – on display at <a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu_Air_Base" title="Hamamatsu Air Base">Hamamatsu Air Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu,_Shizuoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamamatsu, Shizuoka">Hamamatsu, Shizuoka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a></li> <li>4708 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Komaki,_Aichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Komaki, Aichi">Komaki, Aichi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a></li> <li>31870 – a two-seater on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Nature_and_Science" title="National Museum of Nature and Science">National Museum of Nature and Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taito,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Taito, Tokyo">Taito, Tokyo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a></li> <li>62343 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Chiran_Peace_Museum_for_Kamikaze_Pilots" title="Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots">Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiran,_Kagoshima" title="Chiran, Kagoshima">Chiran, Kagoshima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a></li> <li>82729 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Museum" title="Yamato Museum">Yamato Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kure,_Hiroshima" title="Kure, Hiroshima">Kure, Hiroshima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a></li> <li>91518 – on display at the Kawaguchiko Motor Museum.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a></li> <li>92717 – on display at the Kawaguchiko Motor Museum.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a></li> <li>Replica – on display at <a href="/wiki/MCAS_Iwakuni" class="mw-redirect" title="MCAS Iwakuni">MCAS Iwakuni</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iwakuni,_Yamaguchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwakuni, Yamaguchi">Iwakuni, Yamaguchi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a></li> <li>Replica – used as movie prop for 2013 film <a href="/wiki/The_Eternal_Zero_(film)" title="The Eternal Zero (film)">The Eternal Zero</a>. On display at Usa City Peace Museum, <a href="/wiki/Usa,_%C5%8Cita" title="Usa, Ōita">Usa, Ōita</a> Prefecture.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>3835/3844 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Auckland_War_Memorial_Museum" title="Auckland War Memorial Museum">Auckland War Memorial Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> It was taken to New Zealand from <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a> in October 1945 on board the ferry <a href="/wiki/TSS_Wahine" title="TSS Wahine">Wahine</a> which was being used to repatriate troops. The Zero had been caught on the ground on Bougainville, damaged in the bombing during the <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville campaign</a> in November 1943. The plane had been hidden by the Japanese who had restored it with the goal of flying it off the island. The plane was retrieved by <a href="/wiki/RNZAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZAF">RNZAF</a> intelligence officers in September 1945 at the Japanese airfield at <a href="/wiki/Buin,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Buin, Papua New Guinea">Buin</a> in southern Bougainville.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>196 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial War Museum London">Imperial War Museum London</a> in <a href="/wiki/London,_Greater_London" class="mw-redirect" title="London, Greater London">London, Greater London</a>. Forward fuselage displayed.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a></li> <li>3685 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum_Duxford" title="Imperial War Museum Duxford">Imperial War Museum Duxford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duxford,_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Duxford, Cambridgeshire">Duxford, Cambridgeshire</a>. 3685 was salvaged from <a href="/wiki/Taroa_Island" title="Taroa Island">Taroa Island</a> in 1991 and acquired by the museum in 2000, before being put on display in 2010. Fuselage displayed in unrestored condition.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1303 – in storage at the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Heritage_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Heritage Collection">Flying Heritage Collection</a> in <a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett, Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>3618 – in storage at <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_Flight" title="Fantasy of Flight">Fantasy of Flight</a> in <a href="/wiki/Polk_City,_Florida" title="Polk City, Florida">Polk City, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a></li> <li>4043 – in storage at Fantasy of Flight. Along with several other Zeros, this aircraft was recovered by the Australian War Memorial Museum in the early 1970s from <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> in the South Pacific. The markings suggest that it was in service after June 1943 and further investigation suggests that it has cockpit features associated with the Nakajima-built Model 52b. If this is correct, it is most likely one of the 123 aircraft lost by the Japanese during the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rabaul_(November_1943)" title="Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)">assault of Rabaul</a>. The aircraft was shipped in pieces to the attraction and was eventually made up for display as a crashed aircraft. Much of the aircraft is usable for patterns, and some of its parts can be restored to one day make this a basis for a flyable aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a></li> <li>4340 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a></li> <li>4400 – in storage at the Flying Heritage Collection in Everett, Washington.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a></li> <li>5356/5451 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Aviation_Museum" title="Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum">Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu, Hawaii</a>. This aircraft was formerly flown by the <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Air_Force" title="Commemorative Air Force">Commemorative Air Force</a> after being restored by Robert Diemert.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a></li> <li>5357 – owned by the <a href="/wiki/Planes_of_Fame_Air_Museum" title="Planes of Fame Air Museum">Planes of Fame Air Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chino,_California" title="Chino, California">Chino, California</a>. This aircraft, 61-120, is the only airworthy example powered with an original Sakae radial engine.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a></li> <li>5450 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Naval_Aviation_Museum" title="National Naval Aviation Museum">National Naval Aviation Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola">Naval Air Station Pensacola</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a></li> <li>23186 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Air_%26_Space_Museum" title="San Diego Air & Space Museum">San Diego Air & Space Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>. This aircraft is on loan from the National Air and Space Museum.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> The museum previously had another Zero in its collection, msn 4323, but it was destroyed in a fire on 22 February 1978.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a></li> <li>51553 – on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright-Patterson AFB">Wright-Patterson AFB</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> It was restored by Century Aviation.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a></li> <li>Replica – owned by Warren Pietsch at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Flying_Legends_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Flying Legends Museum (page does not exist)">Texas Flying Legends Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a>. This aircraft, known as the "Blayd" Zero, is a reconstruction based on templating original Zero components recovered from the South Pacific. To be considered a "restoration" and not a reproduction, the builders used a small fraction of parts from the original Zero landing gear in the reconstruction.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> It was built as an A6M2 Model 21.<a href="#cite_note-Last_Samurai_A6M2_Model_21_Zero-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> This aircraft was damaged in a ground accident on 15 March 2016, when a Goodyear FG-1D Corsair taxiing behind it overran the tail of the Zero, with the Corsair's propeller shredding roughly the last third of the Zero's fuselage and its control surfaces.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a></li> <li>Replica (3869) – operated by the <a href="/wiki/CAF_Southern_California_Wing_Museum" title="CAF Southern California Wing Museum">Southern California Wing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Air_Force" title="Commemorative Air Force">Commemorative Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Camarillo,_California" title="Camarillo, California">Camarillo, California</a>. This aircraft is an A6M3 that was recovered from <a href="/wiki/Babo_Airfield" title="Babo Airfield">Babo Airfield</a>, Indonesia, in 1991. It was partially restored from several A6M3s in Russia, then brought to the United States for restoration. The aircraft was re-registered in 1998 and displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Flying" title="Museum of Flying">Museum of Flying</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>. It uses a <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830_Twin_Wasp" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp">Pratt & Whitney R-1830-75</a> engine.<a href="#cite_note-NX-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a></li> <li>Replica (3852) – owned by the Flying Heritage Collection in Everett, Washington. This aircraft was recovered from Babo Airfield and restored – first in Russia, then in California, and finally in Washington state – before being delivered to the Flying Heritage Collection.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> It has a P&W engine installed.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a></li> <li>Replica (3858) – on display at <a href="/wiki/Fagen_Fighters_WWII_Museum" title="Fagen Fighters WWII Museum">Fagen Fighters WWII Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Granite_Falls,_Minnesota" title="Granite Falls, Minnesota">Granite Falls, Minnesota</a>. Formerly owned by Masahide Ishizuka in <a href="/wiki/Kanoya,_Kagoshima" title="Kanoya, Kagoshima">Kanoya, Kagoshima</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney R-1830">Pratt & Whitney R-1830</a> engine.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a></li> <li>Replica – under airworthy rebuild by Legend Flyers in <a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett, Washington</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Military_Aviation_Museum" title="Military Aviation Museum">Military Aviation Museum</a>. This aircraft uses a small amount of parts from 3148.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(A6M2_(Type_0_Model_21))">Specifications (A6M2 (Type 0 Model 21))</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Specifications (A6M2 (Type 0 Model 21))">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg/300px-Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg/450px-Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg/600px-Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="1138" /></a><figcaption>Orthographically projected diagram of the Mitsubishi A6M Zero</figcaption></figure> Data from The Great Book of Fighters,<a href="#cite_note-Green_and_Swanborough_2001-37">[35]</a> Aircraft Profile #129: The Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero-sen<a href="#cite_note-FrancillonProfile-156">[154]</a>General characteristics <ul><li>Crew: 1</li> <li>Length: 9.06 m (29 ft 9 in)</li> <li>Wingspan: 12 m (39 ft 4 in)</li> <li>Height: 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in)</li> <li>Wing area: 22.44 m2 (241.5 sq ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)" title="Aspect ratio (aeronautics)">Aspect ratio</a>: 6.4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>: root: MAC118 or <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2315</a>; tip: MAC118 or <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 3309</a><a href="#cite_note-Selig-157">[155]</a></li> <li>Empty weight: 1,680 kg (3,704 lb)</li> <li>Gross weight: 2,796 kg (6,164 lb)</li> <li>Max takeoff weight: 2,796 kg (6,164 lb)</li> <li>Fuel capacity: 518 L (137 US gal; 114 imp gal) internal + 1 × 330 L (87 US gal; 73 imp gal) drop tank</li> <li>Powerplant: 1 × <a href="/wiki/Nakajima_NK1C_Sakae-12" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakajima NK1C Sakae-12">Nakajima NK1C Sakae-12</a> 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 700 kW (940 hp) for take-off</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>710 kW (950 hp) at 4,200 m (13,800 ft)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>Propellers: 3-bladed Sumitomo-<a href="/wiki/Hamilton-Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton-Standard">Hamilton</a> constant-speed propeller</li></ul> Performance <ul><li>Maximum speed: 533 km/h (331 mph, 288 kn) at 4,550 m (14,930 ft)</li> <li>Cruise speed: 333 km/h (207 mph, 180 kn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_speeds#VNE" title="V speeds">Never exceed speed</a>: 600 km/h (370 mph, 320 kn)</li> <li>Range: 1,870 km (1,160 mi, 1,010 nmi)</li> <li>Ferry range: 3,102 km (1,927 mi, 1,675 nmi)</li> <li>Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft)</li> <li>Rate of climb: 15.7 m/s (3,090 ft/min)</li> <li>Time to altitude: 6,000 m (20,000 ft) in 7 minutes 27 seconds</li> <li>Wing loading: 107.4 kg/m2 (22.0 lb/sq ft)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>: 0.254 kW/kg (0.155 hp/lb)</li></ul> Armament <ul><li>Guns: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20mmvs7mm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20mmvs7mm.png/220px-20mmvs7mm.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20mmvs7mm.png/330px-20mmvs7mm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/20mmvs7mm.png/440px-20mmvs7mm.png 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption>Divergence of trajectories between 7.7 mm and 20 mm ammunition</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2 × <a href="/wiki/.303_British#Japanese_7.7_mm_ammunition" title=".303 British">7.7 mm (0.303 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_97_aircraft_machine_gun" title="Type 97 aircraft machine gun">Type 97 aircraft machine guns</a> in the engine cowling, with 500 rounds per gun.</li> <li>2 × 20 mm (0.787 in) <a href="/wiki/Type_99-1_Mk.3_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 99-1 Mk.3 cannon">Type 99-1 Mk.3 cannon</a> in the wings, with 60 rounds per gun.</li></ul></li> <li>Bombs: <ul><li>2 × 60 kg (130 lb) bombs or</li> <li>1 × fixed 250 kg (550 lb) bomb for <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> attacks</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero_operators" title="List of Mitsubishi A6M Zero operators">List of Mitsubishi A6M Zero operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#A6M_Zero" title="Aircraft in fiction">Aircraft in fiction#A6M Zero</a></li></ul> Related development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Mitsubishi A5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Mitsubishi A7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">Mitsubishi J2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">Nakajima A6M2-N</a></li></ul> Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo" title="Brewster F2A Buffalo">Brewster F2A Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-36_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-36 Hawk">Curtiss P-36 Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CW-21" title="Curtiss-Wright CW-21">Curtiss-Wright CW-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.50_Freccia" title="Fiat G.50 Freccia">Fiat G.50 Freccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_F.5/34" title="Gloster F.5/34">Gloster F.5/34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">Grumman F4F Wildcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAR_80" title="IAR 80">IAR 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macchi_C.200" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchi C.200">Macchi C.200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-43" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakajima Ki-43">Nakajima Ki-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiss_Manfr%C3%A9d_WM-23_Ez%C3%BCst_Ny%C3%ADl" title="Weiss Manfréd WM-23 Ezüst Nyíl">Weiss Manfréd WM-23 Ezüst Nyíl</a></li></ul> Related lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of Japan during World War II">List of aircraft of Japan during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_aircraft_used_during_World_War_II" title="Carrier aircraft used during World War II">Carrier aircraft used during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fighter_aircraft" title="List of fighter aircraft">List of fighter aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_Japan" title="List of military aircraft of Japan">List of military aircraft of Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Replica/reconstruction, see <a href="#Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Note: In Japanese service carrier fighter units were referred to as Kanjō sentōkitai. The Japanese "Zero" was one of the main aircraft(s)used in The attack on Pearl Harbor. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawrence1945186-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawrence1945186_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLawrence1945">Lawrence 1945</a>, p. 186. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawks-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Hawks_3-0">^</a> Hawks, Chuck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chuckhawks.com/best_fighter_planes.htm">"The Best Fighter Planes of World War II"</a>. chuckhawks.com. Retrieved: 18 January 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_2013_36-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_2013_36_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_2013_36_4-1">b</a> Young 2013, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson_with_Smith_p._231.-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_with_Smith_p._231._5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_with_Smith_p._231._5-1">b</a> Thompson with Smith 2008, p. 231. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Mersky, Peter B. (Cmdr. USNR). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USMC/USMC-C-Aces/index.html">"Time of the Aces: Marine Pilots in the Solomons, 1942–1944."</a> ibiblio.org. Retrieved: 18 January 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Willmott 1980, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_p._138.-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Angelucci_and_Matricardi_p._138._8-0">^</a> Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYoung2013" class="citation book cs1">Young, Edward M. (2013). F4F Wildcat vs A6M Zero-Sen: Pacific Theater 1942. Oxford, Great Britain: Osprey. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-322-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78096-322-8"><bdi>978-1-78096-322-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F4F+Wildcat+vs+A6M+Zero-Sen%3A+Pacific+Theater+1942&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Great+Britain&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78096-322-8&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Edward+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franc70p363-4-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Franc70p363-4_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franc70p363-4_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franc70p363-4_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Franc70p363-4_10-3">d</a> Francillon 1970, pp. 363–364. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Yoshio, Baba.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jilm1951/39/5/39_5_378/_article/cited-by">"Extra super duralumin and successive aluminum alloys for aircraft."</a> Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals (Sumitomo Light Metal Ind. Ltd., Japan), Volume 39, Issue 5, pp. 378–395. Retrieved: 22 November 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Tillman 1979, pp. 5, 6, 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Yoshimura 1996, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Parshall and Tully 2007, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-Matricardi_p._88-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matricardi_p._88_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matricardi_p._88_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matricardi_p._88_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matricardi_p._88_16-3">d</a> Matricardi 2006, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustavsson" class="citation web cs1">Gustavsson, Hakans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_louie.htm">"Chinese biplane fighter aces - 'Clifford' 'Long Legged' Louie Yim-Qun"</a>. Biplane Fighter Aces - China. Retrieved 3 December 2020. <q>Without radios, they could not communicate with one another... Maj. Cheng Hsiao-Yu led the entire 22nd PS into battle... nine I-15bis from the 28th PS led by Maj. Louie Yim-Qun engaged the Zeros over Chungking... Japanese Zeroes with their high speed, amazing climbing ability, agility and firepower, totally dominated the fight. After half an hour's battle most of the surviving Chinese planes were low on fuel... this battle was debut of the Zero fighter and the Chinese Air Force suffered its worst defeat... Maj. Louie Yim-Qun was one of the injured in the fight... landed his badly shot up I-15bis at Suining and counted 48 bullet holes on it. At least two pilots from 21st PS were killed... one more aircraft was hit, making a forced landing, the wounded pilot suffering a leg shot off, and later dying from loss of blood... of the pilots that survived... Hsu Hwa-Jiang who later in the war continued to fly with the CACW.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biplane+Fighter+Aces+-+China&rft.atitle=Chinese+biplane+fighter+aces+-+%27Clifford%27+%27Long+Legged%27+Louie+Yim-Qun&rft.aulast=Gustavsson&rft.aufirst=Hakans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsurfcity.kund.dalnet.se%2Fchina_louie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Glancey 2006, p. 170. </li> <li id="cite_note-Francillon_1979,_p._365-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon_1979,_p._365_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon_1979,_p._365_19-1">b</a> Francillon 1979, p. 365. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_p._162.-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_p._162._20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_p._162._20-1">b</a> Gunston 1980, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Young 2013, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Nijboer 2009, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Smith 2015, pp. 146–149. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spick_p.165-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Spick_p.165_24-0">^</a> Spick 1997, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spick_p._118.-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Spick_p._118._25-0">^</a> Spick 1983, p. 118. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Lundstrom 1994, pp. 266–270, Stille 2019, Kindle location 1233–1237. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Rossi, J. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingtigersavg.22web.net/tiger2.htm">"Chuck Older's Tale: Hammerhead Stalls and Snap Rolls, Written in the mid-1980s"</a>. AFG: American Volunteer Group, The Flying Tigers, 1998. Retrieved: 5 July 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Holmes 2011, p. 314. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Thruelsen 1976, pp. 173, 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-history.navy.mil-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history.navy.mil_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history.navy.mil_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/digitized-collections/action-reports/wwii-battle-of-midway/uss-yorktown-action-report.html">"Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet report, Serial 01849 of 28 June 1942: USS Yorktown (CV-5) Action Report"</a>. Action Reports: Battle of Midway. Naval History and Heritage Command. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Action+Reports%3A+Battle+of+Midway&rft.atitle=Commander+in+Chief%2C+Pacific+Fleet+report%2C+Serial+01849+of+28+June+1942%3A+USS+Yorktown+%28CV-5%29+Action+Report&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.navy.mil%2Fresearch%2Farchives%2Fdigitized-collections%2Faction-reports%2Fwwii-battle-of-midway%2Fuss-yorktown-action-report.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Young 2013, pp. 6, 51, 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-life1942110986-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110986_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110986_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110986_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-life1942110986_32-3">d</a> Wilcox 1942, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acepilots.com/planes/f4f_wildcat.html">"Saburo Sakai: 'Zero'"</a>. Ace pilots. Retrieved: 13 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunston1991" class="citation book cs1">Gunston, Bill (1991). Plane Speaking: a personal view of aviation history. 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Retrieved: 13 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160229063624/http://www.darwinsairwar.com.au/mitsubishi-zero/">"Mitsubishi Zero"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aviation_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aviation Heritage Centre">Australian Aviation Heritage Centre</a>. Australian Aviation Heritage Centre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinsairwar.com.au/mitsubishi-zero">the original</a> on 29 February 2016. 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Retrieved 22 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aerial+Visuals&rft.atitle=Airframe+Dossier+%E2%80%93+MitsubishiA6M%2C+s%2Fn+5349+IJNAF%2C+c%2Fn+840&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faerialvisuals.ca%2FAirframeDossier.php%3FSerial%3D65947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/REL/08378/">"Mitsubishi A6M2 Model 21 Zero Fighter Aircraft: Japanese Navy Air Force"</a>. Australian War Memorial. 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Milano: Mondadori. p. 138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guida+agli+aeroplani+di+tutto+il+mondo%2C+dal+1903+al+1960&rft.place=Milano&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Mondadori&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Angelucci&rft.aufirst=Enzo&rft.au=Matricardi%2C+Paolo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Angelucci, Enzo and <a href="/wiki/Peter_M._Bowers" title="Peter M. Bowers">Peter M. Bowers</a>. The American Fighter. Sparkford, UK: Haynes Publishing, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85429-635-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85429-635-2">0-85429-635-2</a>.</li> <li>Fernandez, Ronald. Excess Profits: The Rise of United Technologies. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-10484-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-10484-4">978-0-201-10484-4</a>.</li> <li>Ford, Douglas. "Informing Airmen? The U.S. Army Air Forces' Intelligence on Japanese Fighter Tactics in the Pacific Theatre, 1941–5," International History Review 34 (Dec. 2012), 725–52.</li> <li>Francillon, R.J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam, 1970, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-00033-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-00033-1">0-370-00033-1</a>.</li> <li>Glancey, Jonathan. Spitfire: The Illustrated Biography. London: Atlantic Books, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-528-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-528-6">978-1-84354-528-6</a>.</li> <li>Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1194-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1194-3">0-7603-1194-3</a>.</li> <li>Gunston, Bill. Aircraft of World War 2. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7064-1287-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7064-1287-7">0-7064-1287-7</a>.</li> <li>Holmes, Tony, ed. Dogfight, The Greatest Air Duels of World War II. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-482-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-482-6">978-1-84908-482-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuggins2004" class="citation journal cs1">Huggins, Mark (January–February 2004). "Hunters over Tokyo: The JNAF's Air Defence of Japan 1944–1945". Air Enthusiast (109): 66–71. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Hunters+over+Tokyo%3A+The+JNAF%27s+Air+Defence+of+Japan+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.issue=109&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E71&rft.date=2004-01%2F2004-02&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Huggins&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Jablonski, Edward. Airwar. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-14279-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-14279-X">0-385-14279-X</a>.</li> <li>James, Derek N. Gloster Aircraft since 1917. London: Putnam and Company Ltd., 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-807-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-807-0">0-85177-807-0</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1945" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Joseph (1945). The Observer's Book Of Airplanes. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+Of+Airplanes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lundstrom, John B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J1NDlp4CvTcC">The First Team and the Guadalcanal Campaign.</a> Annapolis, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Institute_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Institute Press">Naval Institute Press</a>, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-526-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-526-8">1-55750-526-8</a>.</li> <li>Matricardi, Paolo. Aerei Militari. Caccia e Ricognitori (in Italian). Milan: Mondadori Electa, 2006.</li> <li>Mikesh, Robert C. Warbird History: Zero, Combat & Development History of Japan's Legendary Mitsubishi A6M Zero Fighter. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87938-915-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87938-915-X">0-87938-915-X</a>.</li> <li>Mikesh, Robert C. Zero Fighter. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1981; copyright Zokeisha Publications, Tokyo. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-54260-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-54260-9">0-517-54260-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatake_Okumiya" title="Masatake Okumiya">Okumiya, Masatake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jiro_Horikoshi" title="Jiro Horikoshi">Jiro Horikoshi</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Caidin" title="Martin Caidin">Martin Caidin</a>. Zero! New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1956.</li> <li>Nijboer, Donald. Seafire Vs A6M Zero: Pacific Theatre. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-8460-3433-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-8460-3433-6">978-1-8460-3433-6</a>.</li> <li>Nohara, Shigeru. Aero Detail 7: Mitsubishi A6M Zero Fighter. Tokyo: Dai-Nippon Kaiga Co. Ltd, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-499-22608-2" title="Special:BookSources/4-499-22608-2">4-499-22608-2</a>.</li> <li>Parshall, Jonathan and Anthony Tully. Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of the Battle of Midway. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books Inc., 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-924-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-924-6">978-1-57488-924-6</a> (paperback).</li> <li>"Plane Facts: Zero-sen ancestry". <a href="/wiki/Air_International" title="Air International">Air International</a>, October 1973, Vol 3 No 4. pp. 199–200.</li> <li>Smith, Peter C.Mitsubishi Zero: Japan's Legendary Fighter. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Books, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7815-9319-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7815-9319-6">978-1-7815-9319-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoumille1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Soumille, Jean-Claude (September 1999). "Les avions japonais aux couleurs françaises" [Japanese Aircraft in French Colors]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (78): 6–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27a%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Les+avions+japonais+aux+couleurs+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.issue=78&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.date=1999-09&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Soumille&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMitsubishi+A6M+Zero" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Spick, Mike. Allied Fighter Aces of World War II. London: Greenhill Books, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85367-282-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85367-282-3">1-85367-282-3</a>.</li> <li>Stille, Mark. Guadalcanal 1942–43: Japan's bid to knock out Henderson Field and the Cactus Air Force (Air Campaign). Osprey Publishing, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1472835514" title="Special:BookSources/1472835514">1472835514</a>.</li> <li>Thompson, J. Steve with Peter C. Smith. Air Combat Manoeuvres: The Technique and History of Air Fighting for Flight Simulation. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903223-98-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903223-98-7">978-1-903223-98-7</a>.</li> <li>Thruelsen, Richard. The Grumman Story. Praeger Press, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-54260-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-54260-2">0-275-54260-2</a>.</li> <li>Tillman, Barrett. Hellcat: The F6F in World War II. Naval Institute Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-991-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-991-3">1-55750-991-3</a>.</li> <li>United States Strategic Bombing Survey Aircraft Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015080324281;view=1up;seq=1">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.</a> Corporation Report I, Washington, D.C. 1947.</li> <li>United States Strategic Bombing Survey Aircraft Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015080324133;view=1up;seq=1">Nakajima Aircraft Company, Ltd.</a> Corporation Report II, Washington, D.C. 1947.</li> <li>United States Strategic Bombing Survey Aircraft Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89100062082;view=1up;seq=1">Hitachi Aircraft Company, Ltd.</a> Corporation Report VII, Washington, D.C. 1947.</li> <li>United States Strategic Bombing Survey Aircraft Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/corporationrepor34unit#page/n3/mode/2up">Army Air Arsenal and Navy Air Depots</a> Corporation Report XIX, Washington, D.C. 1947.</li> <li>Wilcox, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JUAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA86">"The Zero: The first famed Japanese fighter captured intact reveals its secrets to U.S. Navy aerial experts"</a>. Life, 4 November 1942.</li> <li>Willmott, H.P. Zero A6M. London: Bison Books, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89009-322-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89009-322-9">0-89009-322-9</a>.</li> <li>Yoshimura, Akira, translated by Retsu Kaiho and Michael Gregson. Zero Fighter. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-95355-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-95355-6">0-275-95355-6</a>.</li> <li>Young, Edward M. F4F Wildcat vs A6M Zero-sen. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7809-6322-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7809-6322-8">978-1-7809-6322-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bueschel, Richard M. Mitsubishi A6M1/2/-2N Zero-Sen in Imperial Japanese Naval Air Service. Canterbury, Kent, UK: Osprey Publications Ltd., 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-018-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-018-7">0-85045-018-7</a>.</li> <li>Francillon, René J. The Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero-Sen (Aircraft in Profile number 129). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966.</li> <li>Francillon, René J. The Mitsubishi A6M3 Zero-Sen ("Hamp") (Aircraft in Profile number 190). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967.</li> <li>Jackson, Robert. Combat Legend: Mitsubishi Zero. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-398-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-398-9">1-84037-398-9</a>.</li> <li>Juszczak, Artur. Mitsubishi A6M Zero. Tarnobrzeg, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7300-085-2" title="Special:BookSources/83-7300-085-2">83-7300-085-2</a>.</li> <li>Kinzey, Bert. Attack on Pearl Harbor: Japan awakens a Sleeping Giant. Blacksburg, Virginia, USA: Military Aviation Archives, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9844665-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9844665-0-4">978-0-9844665-0-4</a>.</li> <li>Marchand, Patrick and Junko Takamori. (Illustrator). A6M Zero (Les Ailes de Gloire 2) (in French). Le Muy, France: Editions d’Along, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-914403-02-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-914403-02-X">2-914403-02-X</a>.</li> <li>Mikesh, Robert C. and Rikyu Watanabe (Illustrator). Zero Fighter. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0037-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0037-2">0-7106-0037-2</a>.</li> <li>Nohara, Shigeru. A6M Zero in Action (Aircraft #59). Carrollton, Texas, USA: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-141-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-141-5">0-89747-141-5</a>.</li> <li>Nohara, Shigeru. Mitsubishi A6M Zero Fighter (Aero Detail 7) (in Japanese with English captions). Tokyo, Japan: Dai Nippon Kaiga Company Ltd., 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-499-22608-2" title="Special:BookSources/4-499-22608-2">4-499-22608-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatake_Okumiya" title="Masatake Okumiya">Okumiya, Masatake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jiro_Horikoshi" title="Jiro Horikoshi">Jiro Horikoshi</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Caidin" title="Martin Caidin">Martin Caidin</a>, ed.). Zero! The Story of Japan's Air War in the Pacific: 1941–45. New York: Ballantine Books, 1956. No ISBN.</li> <li>"Plane Facts: Zero-sen ancestry". <a href="/wiki/Air_International" title="Air International">Air International</a>, Vol. 3, No. 4, October 1973, pp. 199–200.</li> <li>Richards, M.C. and Donald S. Smith. Mitsubishi A6M5 to A6M8 'Zero-Sen' ('Zeke 52')(Aircraft in Profile number 236). Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1972.</li> <li>Sakaida, Henry. Imperial Japanese Navy Aces, 1937–45. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-727-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-727-9">1-85532-727-9</a>.</li> <li>Sakaida, Henry. The Siege of Rabaul. St. Paul, Minnesota: Phalanx Publishing, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883809-09-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-883809-09-6">1-883809-09-6</a>.</li> <li>Sheftall, M.G. Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze. New York: NAL Caliber, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-21487-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-21487-0">0-451-21487-0</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Stewart. Zero, Hurricane & P-38, The Story of Three Classic Fighters of WW2 (Legends of the Air 4). Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-24-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-24-2">1-875671-24-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military.discovery.com/tv/showdown/cockpit/zero.html">Tour A6M5 Zero cockpit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mitsubishi_zero.tripod.com/">Mitsubishi A6M Zero Japanese fighter aircraft—design, construction, history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/quotes/A6M.html">www.j-aircraft.com: Quotes A6M</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/ijna/a6m.htm">Mitsubishi A6M Reisen (Zero Fighter), Joao Paulo Julião Matsuura</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/ijna/a6m-k.htm">Mitsubishi A6M2-K and A6M5-K, Joao Paulo Julião Matsuura</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedfleet.com/ijna/a6m-n.htm">Nakajima A6M2-N, Joao Paulo Julião Matsuura</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106013056/http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/WarPrizes.htm">War Prize: The Capture of the First Japanese Zero Fighter in 1941</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Video links</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuoVlQOO4xc">Planes of Fame "61-120" A6M5 Zero Flight Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xl3Vanoq_sU">Warren Pietsch, Texas Flying Legends Museum, A6M2 Model 21 Zero "Last Samurai" – Museum Secrets</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztwxe6CmdiQ">Warren Pietsch, Texas Flying Legends Museum, A6M2 Model 21 Zero "Last Samurai" – Aerobatic Airshow</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Mitsubishi_aircraft331" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mitsubishi_aircraft" title="Template:Mitsubishi aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mitsubishi_aircraft" title="Template talk:Mitsubishi aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mitsubishi_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mitsubishi aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mitsubishi_aircraft331" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_1MF" title="Mitsubishi 1MF">1MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_1MF9" title="Mitsubishi 1MF9">1MF9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_1MF10" title="Mitsubishi 1MF10">1MF10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_1MT" title="Mitsubishi 1MT">1MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MB1" title="Mitsubishi 2MB1">2MB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MB2" title="Mitsubishi 2MB2">2MB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MR" title="Mitsubishi 2MR">2MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MR8" title="Mitsubishi 2MR8">2MR8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B1M" title="Mitsubishi B1M">2MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_3MT5" title="Mitsubishi 3MT5">3MT5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_3MT10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi 3MT10 (page does not exist)">3MT10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ka-8" title="Mitsubishi Ka-8">Ka-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B4M" title="Mitsubishi B4M">Ka-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">4MS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_MC-1" title="Mitsubishi MC-1">MC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">MC-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_MH2000" title="Mitsubishi MH2000">MH2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_MU-2" title="Mitsubishi MU-2">MU-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_400" title="Hawker 400">MU-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_SpaceJet" title="Mitsubishi SpaceJet">MRJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_SpaceJet" title="Mitsubishi SpaceJet">SpaceJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_RP-1" title="Mitsubishi RP-1">RP-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperial Japanese Army early designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_12" title="Nieuport 12">Ko 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperial Japanese Army short designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-1" title="Mitsubishi Ki-1">Ki-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Ki-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">Ki-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15" title="Mitsubishi Ki-15">Ki-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-20" title="Mitsubishi Ki-20">Ki-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Ki-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-30" title="Mitsubishi Ki-30">Ki-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-46" title="Mitsubishi Ki-46">Ki-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-51" title="Mitsubishi Ki-51">Ki-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">Ki-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-67" title="Mitsubishi Ki-67">Ki-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-83" title="Mitsubishi Ki-83">Ki-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-67" title="Mitsubishi Ki-67">Ki-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikugun_Ki-202" title="Rikugun Ki-202">Ki-202</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperial Japanese Navy short designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Carrier fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">A5M</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">A7M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Carrier Torpedo Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B1M" title="Mitsubishi B1M">B1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B2M" title="Mitsubishi B2M">B2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B4M" title="Mitsubishi B4M">B4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">B5M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Reconnaissance aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MR" title="Mitsubishi 2MR">C1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15" title="Mitsubishi Ki-15">C5M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Carrier dive bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_D3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi D3M (page does not exist)">D3M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observation seaplanes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">F1M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Land-based Attack Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G1M" title="Mitsubishi G1M">G1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">G3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G7M" title="Mitsubishi G7M">G7M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Interceptors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">J2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M">J4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M">J8M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">L4M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">K3M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_K6M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi K6M (page does not exist)">K6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K7M" title="Mitsubishi K7M">K7M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Patrol Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Q2M" title="Mitsubishi Q2M">Q2M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">World War II Allied reporting names</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-30" title="Mitsubishi Ki-30">Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15" title="Mitsubishi Ki-15">Babs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-46" title="Mitsubishi Ki-46">Dinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Gwen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">Kate 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Loise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Louise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">Mabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">Nell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Sally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-51" title="Mitsubishi Ki-51">Sonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-73" title="Mitsubishi Ki-73">Steve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">Tina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">Topsy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zeke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese Self-Defense Force designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-1" title="Mitsubishi F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-2" title="Mitsubishi F-2">F-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-15J" title="Mitsubishi F-15J">F-15J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F-X" title="Mitsubishi F-X">F-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_H-60" title="Mitsubishi H-60">SH-60/UH-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_T-2" title="Mitsubishi T-2">T-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_X-2_Shinshin" title="Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin">X-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Aircraft_Company" title="Mitsubishi Aircraft Company">Mitsubishi Aircraft Company</a> (pre-1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a> (post-1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Aircraft_Corporation" title="Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation">Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation</a> (since 2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_aircraft_designations_(short_system)776" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_Navy_short_aircraft_designations" title="Template:Japanese Navy short aircraft designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_Navy_short_aircraft_designations" title="Template talk:Japanese Navy short aircraft designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_Navy_short_aircraft_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese Navy short aircraft designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_aircraft_designations_(short_system)776" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Japanese military aircraft designation systems">Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft designations (short system)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters (A)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A1N" title="Nakajima A1N">A1N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A2N" title="Nakajima A2N">A2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A2N" title="Nakajima A2N">A3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A4N" title="Nakajima A4N">A4N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">A5M</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">A7He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">A7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_A8V" title="Seversky A8V">A8V</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">AXB</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.500" title="Dewoitine D.500">AXD</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">AXG</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Nimrod" title="Hawker Nimrod">AXH</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_100" title="Heinkel He 100">AXHe</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_V-141" title="Vought V-141">AXV</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torpedo bombers (B)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B1M" title="Mitsubishi B1M">B1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B2M" title="Mitsubishi B2M">B2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B3N" title="Nakajima B3N">B3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugisho_B3Y" title="Kugisho B3Y">B3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B4M" title="Mitsubishi B4M">B4M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakajima_B4N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakajima B4N (page does not exist)">B4N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_B4Y" title="Yokosuka B4Y">B4Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">B5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">B5N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N" title="Nakajima B6N">B6N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">B7A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Gamma" title="Northrop Gamma">BXN</a>1</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">C6N1-B</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shipboard reconnaissance (C)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MR" title="Mitsubishi 2MR">C1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-6" title="Nakajima Ki-6">C2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C3N" title="Nakajima C3N">C3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_C4A" title="Aichi C4A">C4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15" title="Mitsubishi Ki-15">C5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">C6N</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potez_540" title="Potez 540">CXP</a>1</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y1-C</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E4N" title="Nakajima E4N">E4N2-C</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dive bombers (D)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">D1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">D2A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakajima_D2N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakajima D2N (page does not exist)">D2N</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_D2Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka D2Y (page does not exist)">D2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">D3A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_D3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi D3M (page does not exist)">D3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_D3N" title="Nakajima D3N">D3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">D3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">D5Y</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BT" title="Northrop BT">DXD</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_118" title="Heinkel He 118">DXHe</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance seaplanes (E)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E1Y" title="Yokosuka E1Y">E1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E2N" title="Nakajima E2N">E2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E3A" title="Aichi E3A">E3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E4N" title="Nakajima E4N">E4N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E5K" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawanishi E5K">E5K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E5Y" title="Yokosuka E5Y">E5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E6Y" title="Yokosuka E6Y">E6Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E7K" title="Kawanishi E7K">E7K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E8A" title="Aichi E8A">E8A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_E8K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi E8K (page does not exist)">E8K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E8N" title="Nakajima E8N">E8N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watanabe_E9W" title="Watanabe E9W">E9W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E10A" title="Aichi E10A">E10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E10K" title="Kawanishi E10K">E10K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E11A" title="Aichi E11A">E11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E11K" title="Kawanishi E11K">E11K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E12A" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi E12A">E12A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_E12K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi E12K (page does not exist)">E12K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakajima_E12N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakajima E12N (page does not exist)">E12N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E13K" title="Kawanishi E13K">E13K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watanabe_E14W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watanabe E14W (page does not exist)">E14W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E14Y" title="Yokosuka E14Y">E14Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E15K" title="Kawanishi E15K">E15K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">E16A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation seaplanes (F)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_F1A" title="Aichi F1A">F1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">F1M</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N1-F</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based bombers (G)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_3MT5" title="Mitsubishi 3MT5">G1M (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G1M" title="Mitsubishi G1M">G1M (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_G2H" title="Hiro G2H">G2H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">G3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N">G5N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G7M" title="Mitsubishi G7M">G7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G8N" title="Nakajima G8N">G8N</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_G9K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi G9K (page does not exist)">G9K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G10N" title="Nakajima G10N">G10N</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flying Boats (H)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H1H" title="Hiro H1H">H1H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H2H" title="Hiro H2H">H2H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H3H1" title="Hiro H3H1">H3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H3K" title="Kawanishi H3K">H3K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H4H" title="Hiro H4H">H4H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_H5Y" title="Yokosuka H5Y">H5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H6K" title="Kawanishi H6K">H6K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_H7Y" title="Yokosuka H7Y">H7K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">H8K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_H9A" title="Aichi H9A">H9A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiro_H10H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiro H10H (page does not exist)">H10H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_H11K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi H11K (page does not exist)">H11K</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">HXC</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DF" title="Douglas DF">HXD</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potez_452" title="Potez 452">HXP</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based Fighters (J)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">J2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_J3K" title="Kawanishi J3K">J3K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M">J4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J5N" title="Nakajima J5N">J5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_J6K" title="Kawanishi J6K">J6K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_J7W_Shinden" title="Kyushu J7W Shinden">J7W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M">J8M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Kikka" title="Nakajima Kikka">J9N</a>3</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">N1K1-J/N1K2-J</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers (K)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K1Y" title="Yokosuka K1Y">K1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">K2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">K3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K4Y" title="Yokosuka K4Y">K4Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K5Y" title="Yokosuka K5Y">K5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_K6K" title="Kawanishi K6K">K6K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_K6M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi K6M (page does not exist)">K6M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watanabe_K6W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watanabe K6W (page does not exist)">K6W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K7M" title="Mitsubishi K7M">K7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_K8K" title="Kawanishi K8K">K8K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippi_K8Ni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippi K8Ni (page does not exist)">K8Ni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_K8P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon K8P (page does not exist)">N8P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watanabe_K8W" title="Watanabe K8W">K8W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">K9W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K10W" title="Kyushu K10W">K10W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W">K11W</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">KXA</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">KXBu</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudron_C.600_Aiglon" title="Caudron C.600 Aiglon">KXC</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_A50" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers A50">KXJ</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_72" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 72">KXHe</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">KXL</a>1</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">A5M4-K</a>2</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A6M2-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">B5N1-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">D3Y1-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A1-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">F1M2-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G6M" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi G6M">G6M1-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A">M6A1-K</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W">Q1W1-K</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports (L)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-34" title="Nakajima Ki-34">L1N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showa/Nakajima_L2D" title="Showa/Nakajima L2D">L2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">L3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">L4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_L7P" title="Nihon L7P">L7P</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CA-1" title="Curtiss-Wright CA-1">LXC</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4E" title="Douglas DC-4E">LXD</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_91_Baby_Clipper" title="Fairchild 91 Baby Clipper">LXF</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasuden_KR-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasuden KR-2">LXG (KR-2)</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">LXG (G-21)</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70_Blitz" title="Heinkel He 70 Blitz">LXHe</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_60" title="Junkers Ju 60">LXJ (Ju 60)</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">LXJ (Ju 86)</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinner_Envoy" title="Kinner Envoy">LXK</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">LXM</a>1</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N">G5N2-L</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G6M1-L</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H6K" title="Kawanishi H6K">H6K2-L/H6K4-L</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">H8K1-L/H8K2-L/H8K4-L</a>2</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_H11K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi H11K (page does not exist)">H11K1-L</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">K3M3-L</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special-purpose (M)1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A">M6A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_MXJ1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon MXJ1 (page does not exist)">MXJ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY1" title="Yokosuka MXY1">MXY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY1" title="Yokosuka MXY1">MXY2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_MXY3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka MXY3 (page does not exist)">MXY2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_MXY4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka MXY4 (page does not exist)">MXY4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY5" title="Yokosuka MXY5">MXY5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_J7W_Shinden" title="Kyushu J7W Shinden">MXY6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY-7_Ohka" title="Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka">MXY7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY8" title="Yokosuka MXY8">MXY8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY9" title="Yokosuka MXY9">MXY9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">MXY10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">MXY11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizuno_MXZ1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizuno MXZ1 (page does not exist)">MXZ1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Floatplane fighters (N)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">N1K</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">A6M2-N</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based bombers (P)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">P1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-67" title="Mitsubishi Ki-67">P2M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol (Q)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W">Q1W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Q2M" title="Mitsubishi Q2M">Q2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W">Q3W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based reconnaissance (R)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_R1Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka R1Y (page does not exist)">R1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_R2Y" title="Yokosuka R2Y">R2Y</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y2-R</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N1-R</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Night fighters (S)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_S1A" title="Aichi S1A">S1A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">C6N1-S</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y2-S</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A1a-S/E13A1b-S</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N1-S</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">P1Y1-S/P1Y2-S</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 X as second letter is for experimental aircraft or imported technology demonstrators not intended for service, 2 Hyphenated trailing letter (-J, -K, -L, -N or -S) denotes design modified for secondary role, 3 Possibly incorrect designation, but used in many sources</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names847" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" title="Template:Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" title="Template talk:Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names847" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Imperial Japanese Navy <a href="/wiki/Japanese_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Japanese military aircraft designation systems">official aircraft names</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval fighters1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_J6K" title="Kawanishi J6K">Jinpu (Squall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">Kyofu (Gale)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reisen (Zero fighter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Reppu (Strong wind)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based fighters2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">Raiden (Lightning bolt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M">Senden (Flashing lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">Shiden (Violet lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_J7W_Shinden" title="Kyushu J7W Shinden">Shinden (Magnificent lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J5N" title="Nakajima J5N">Tenrai (Thunder)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nightfighters3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_S1A" title="Aichi S1A">Denko (Lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">Gekko (Moonlight)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">Hakko (Corona)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">Kyokko (Aurora)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jet/rocket fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Kikka" title="Nakajima Kikka">Kikka (Tachibana orange blossom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuno_Shinryu" title="Mizuno Shinryu">Shinryu (Divine dragon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M">Shusui (Sharp sword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heavy bombers4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G10N" title="Nakajima G10N">Fugaku (Mount Fuji)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A">Nanzan (South mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G8N" title="Nakajima G8N">Renzan (Mountain chain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N">Shinzan (Deep mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G7M" title="Mitsubishi G7M">Taizan (Great mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N" title="Nakajima B6N">Tenzan (Heavenly mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">Tozan (Eastern mountain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">Ryusei (Shooting star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">Suisei (Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">Myojo (Venus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D5Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokosuka D5Y">Myojo Kai (Venus improved)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">Ginga (Galaxy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Tenga" title="Yokosuka Tenga">Tenga (Milky Way)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W">Tokai (Eastern sea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Q2M" title="Mitsubishi Q2M">Taiyo (Ocean)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W">Nankai (Southern sea)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance7</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E15K" title="Kawanishi E15K">Shiun (Purple/Violet cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">Saiun (Iridescent cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">Zuiun (Auspicious cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_R1Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka R1Y (page does not exist)">Seiun (Dawn cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_R2Y" title="Yokosuka R2Y">Keiun (Cirrus cloud)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers8</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">Kouyou (Red leaf)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W">Shiragiku (White chrysanthemum)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports9</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">Seiku (Sunny sky)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_H11K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi H11K (page does not exist)">Soukuu (Blue sky)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M"> Akigusa (Autumn grass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M">Shuka (Autumn fire)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_MXJ1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon MXJ1 (page does not exist)">Wakakusa (Young grass)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special-purpose aircraft11</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A">Seiran (Fine weather storm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY-7_Ohka" title="Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka">Ohka (Sakura cherry blossom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-115" title="Nakajima Ki-115">Toka (Wisteria flower)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>With some exceptions for rockets, jets and repurposed aircraft, names chosen were for: 1. Winds, 2. Lightning, 3. Nighttime lights, 4. Mountains, 5. Stars/constellations, 6. Seas, 7. Clouds, 8. Plants, 9. Skies, 10. Landscapes, and 11. Flowers. Published translations disagree, and many are simplified, especially for plants, where the Japanese referred to a specific variety and the common translations only to the broader type.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II_Allied_reporting_names_for_Japanese_aircraft191" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Allied_reporting_names" title="Template:Allied reporting names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Allied_reporting_names" title="Template talk:Allied reporting names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Allied_reporting_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Allied reporting names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_Allied_reporting_names_for_Japanese_aircraft191" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">World War II Allied reporting names for Japanese aircraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aircraft in Japanese service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-27" title="Nakajima Ki-27">Abdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E7K" title="Kawanishi E7K">Alf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-30" title="Mitsubishi Ki-30">Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15" title="Mitsubishi Ki-15">Babs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY-7_Ohka" title="Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H3K" title="Kawanishi H3K">Belle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-28" title="Kawasaki Ki-28">Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokusai_Ku-7" title="Kokusai Ku-7">Buzzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-17" title="Tachikawa Ki-17">Cedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_H5Y" title="Yokosuka H5Y">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-70" title="Tachikawa Ki-70">Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">Cypress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E8N" title="Nakajima E8N">Dave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_A8V" title="Seversky A8V">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-46" title="Mitsubishi Ki-46">Dinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">Dot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-51" title="Mitsubishi Ki-51">Edna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">Emily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ohtori" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Ohtori">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ohtori" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Ohtori">Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">Frances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-84" title="Nakajima Ki-84">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokusai_Ku-8" title="Kokusai Ku-8">Gander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E14Y" title="Yokosuka E14Y">Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokusai_Ku-8" title="Kokusai Ku-8">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Gwen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E10A" title="Aichi E10A">Hank</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-49" title="Nakajima Ki-49">Helen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-54" title="Tachikawa Ki-54">Hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-36" title="Tachikawa Ki-36">Ida</a> (Ki-36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-55" title="Tachikawa Ki-55">Ida</a> (Ki-55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">Jake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_B4Y" title="Yokosuka B4Y">Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">Jerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N" title="Nakajima B6N">Jill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-43_Hayabusa" title="Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa">Jim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">Judy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">Kate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">Kate 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E11A" title="Aichi E11A">Laura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-48" title="Kawasaki Ki-48">Lily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N">Liz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W">Lorna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Loise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-2" title="Mitsubishi Ki-2">Louise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">Mabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-32" title="Kawasaki Ki-32">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H6K" title="Kawanishi H6K">Mavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">Myrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-27" title="Nakajima Ki-27">Nate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">Nell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-45" title="Kawasaki Ki-45">Nick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E15K" title="Kawanishi E15K">Norm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K10W" title="Kyushu K10W">Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-43_Hayabusa" title="Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa">Oscar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-74" title="Tachikawa Ki-74">Pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-74" title="Tachikawa Ki-74">Patsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-67" title="Mitsubishi Ki-67">Peggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-10" title="Kawasaki Ki-10">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G8N" title="Nakajima G8N">Rita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-64" title="Kawasaki Ki-64">Rob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">Rufe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_BR.20_Cicogna" title="Fiat BR.20 Cicogna">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Sally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-21" title="Mitsubishi Ki-21">Sally III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watanabe_E9W" title="Watanabe E9W">Slim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-51" title="Mitsubishi Ki-51">Sonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachikawa_Ki-9" title="Tachikawa Ki-9">Spruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokusai_Ki-76" title="Kokusai Ki-76">Stella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-73" title="Mitsubishi Ki-73">Steve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">Susie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showa/Nakajima_L2D" title="Showa/Nakajima L2D">Tabby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">Tess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-56" title="Kawasaki Ki-56">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra">Thelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokusai_Ki-59" title="Kokusai Ki-59">Theresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-34" title="Nakajima Ki-34">Thora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">Tina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_H7Y" title="Yokosuka H7Y">Tillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra">Toby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-44" title="Nakajima Ki-44">Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-61" title="Kawasaki Ki-61">Tony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">Topsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K5Y" title="Yokosuka K5Y">Willow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zeke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zeke 32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign aircraft thought to be in Japanese service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">Bess</a> (Heinkel He 111)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_110" title="Messerschmitt Bf 110">Doc</a> (Messerschmitt Bf 110)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Fred</a> (Focke Wulf Fw 190)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">Irene</a> (Junkers Ju 87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Janice</a> (Junkers Ju 88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Mike</a> (Messerschmitt Bf 109)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Vultee A-19">Millie</a> (Vultee V-11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Trixie</a> (Junkers Ju 52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_200" class="mw-redirect" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 200">Trudy</a> (Focke-Wulf Fw 200)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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