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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Skrá inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Frekari valkostir" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persónuleg verkfæri" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persónuleg verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Notandavalmynd" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_is.wikipedia.org&uselang=is"><span>Fjárframlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%BAa_til_a%C3%B0gang&returnto=%C3%8Dsland" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að búa til aðgang og skrá þig inn; en það er ekki skylda"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Búa til aðgang</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Innskr%C3%A1&returnto=%C3%8Dsland" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að innskrá þig, það er hinsvegar ekki skylda. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Framl%C3%B6g_m%C3%ADn" title="Listi yfir breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Framlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Heiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Heiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Saga</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saga-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Saga undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landnám,_kristnitaka_og_höfðingjaveldi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landnám,_kristnitaka_og_höfðingjaveldi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Landnám, kristnitaka og höfðingjaveldi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landnám,_kristnitaka_og_höfðingjaveldi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siðaskipti,_einokun_og_upplýsing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siðaskipti,_einokun_og_upplýsing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Siðaskipti, einokun og upplýsing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siðaskipti,_einokun_og_upplýsing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heimastjórn_og_heimsstyrjaldir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heimastjórn_og_heimsstyrjaldir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Heimastjórn og heimsstyrjaldir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heimastjórn_og_heimsstyrjaldir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lýðveldisstofnun_og_landhelgisdeilur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lýðveldisstofnun_og_landhelgisdeilur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lýðveldisstofnun og landhelgisdeilur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lýðveldisstofnun_og_landhelgisdeilur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EES,_einkavæðing_og_bankahrun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EES,_einkavæðing_og_bankahrun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>EES, einkavæðing og bankahrun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EES,_einkavæðing_og_bankahrun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landfræði" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landfræði"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Landfræði</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landfræði-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Landfræði undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landfræði-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dýralíf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dýralíf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Dýralíf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dýralíf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gróður" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gróður"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gróður</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gróður-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skógar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skógar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Skógar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skógar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friðlýst_svæði" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friðlýst_svæði"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Friðlýst svæði</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friðlýst_svæði-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stjórnmál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stjórnmál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Stjórnmál</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stjórnmál-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Stjórnmál undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stjórnmál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stjórnsýslueiningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stjórnsýslueiningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stjórnsýslueiningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stjórnsýslueiningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efnahagslíf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efnahagslíf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Efnahagslíf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efnahagslíf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Íbúar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Íbúar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Íbúar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Íbúar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Íbúar undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Íbúar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tungumál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tungumál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tungumál</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tungumál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innflytjendur_á_Íslandi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innflytjendur_á_Íslandi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Innflytjendur á Íslandi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innflytjendur_á_Íslandi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trúmál" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trúmál"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Trúmál</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trúmál-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Menning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Menning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Menning undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Menning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kvikmynda-_og_bókmenntaverðlaun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kvikmynda-_og_bókmenntaverðlaun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Kvikmynda- og bókmenntaverðlaun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kvikmynda-_og_bókmenntaverðlaun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Íþróttir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Íþróttir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Íþróttir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Íþróttir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tengt_efni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tengt_efni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tengt efni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tengt_efni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenglar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenglar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tenglar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tenglar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Tenglar undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tenglar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blaðagreinar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blaðagreinar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Blaðagreinar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blaðagreinar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ísland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 275 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-275" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">275 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Исландиа – abkasíska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Исландиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – akkíska" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="akkíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Исландие – adýge" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Исландие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adýge" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ysland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="አይስላንድ – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይስላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – fornenska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisilan" title="Aisilan – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Aisilan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड – angíka" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angíka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="آيسلندا – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آيسلندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="إسلاندا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسلاندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ايسلاندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايسلاندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – avaríska" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड – avadí" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya – aímara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Islandiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aímara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandiya" title="İslandiya – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İslandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسلند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – balíska" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Islandėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Islandėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ісландыя – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ісландыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ісьляндыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ісьляндыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88slan" title="Èslan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èslan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislan" title="Aislan – bíslama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Aislan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bíslama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisland" title="Aisland – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Aisland" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আইসল্যান্ড – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইসল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨཡིསུ་ལེན་ཌ། – tíbeska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨཡིསུ་ལེན་ཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tíbeska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="আইসল্যান্ড – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আইসল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Islàndia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%ADng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Bĭng-dō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bĭng-dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – kamorró" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="kamorró" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%93%E1%8E%B8%E1%8E%AF" title="ᏧᏁᏍᏓᎸᎯ – Cherokee-mál" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏧᏁᏍᏓᎸᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee-mál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ئایسلەند – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایسلەند" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – korsíska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandiya" title="İslandiya – krímtyrkneska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İslandiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krímtyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%C3%ABj%C3%B4" title="Islandëjô – kasúbíska" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Islandëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasúbíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Исландъ – kirkjuslavneska" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Исландъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkjuslavneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди – sjúvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="sjúvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad_yr_I%C3%A2" title="Gwlad yr Iâ – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad yr Iâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slanda" title="İslanda – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İslanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandska" title="Islandska – lágsorbneska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Islandska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lágsorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसल्याण्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="आइसल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އައިސްލަންޑަން – dívehí" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އައިސްލަންޑަން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dívehí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8B" title="ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་ – dsongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dsongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδία – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islando" title="Islando – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسلند – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایسلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islannda" title="Islannda – fúla" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Islannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fúla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanti" title="Islanti – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islanti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisiladi" title="Aisiladi – fídjeyska" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Aisiladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fídjeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsland" title="Ísland – færeyska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ísland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islun" title="Islun – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Islun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande – fríúlska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="fríúlska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysl%C3%A2n" title="Yslân – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%8Doslainn" title="An Íoslainn – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Íoslainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slandiya" title="İslandiya – gagás" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İslandiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagás" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islann" title="Islann – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Islann" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innis_T%C3%ACle" title="Innis Tìle – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innis Tìle" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%C3%A1ndia" title="Ilándia – gvaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ilándia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलँड – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="आइसलँड" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotneska" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1" title="આઈસલેંડ – gújaratí" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આઈસલેંડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gújaratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Eeslynn" title="Yn Eeslynn – manska" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Eeslynn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayislan" title="Ayislan – hása" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ayislan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hása" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAn-t%C3%B3" title="Pên-tó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pên-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%80ina_Hau" title="ʻĀina Hau – havaíska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĀina Hau" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="איסלנד – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैण्ड – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइसलैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandska" title="Islandska – hásorbneska" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Islandska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="hásorbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islann" title="Islann – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Islann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izland" title="Izland – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izland" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իսլանդիա – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսլանդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – ígbó" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ígbó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – ílokó" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ílokó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди – ingús" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islando" title="Islando – ídó" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ídó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="アイスランド – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイスランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislan" title="Aislan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aislan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/island" title="island – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="island" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88slan" title="Èslan – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èslan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდია – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Islandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – kabíle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabíle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ислэнд – kabardíska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ислэнд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiland%C9%A9" title="Isilandɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Isilandɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande – kongóska" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongóska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ប្រទេសអ៊ីស្លង់ – kmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រទេសអ៊ីស្លង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಐಸ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಸ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="아이슬란드 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이슬란드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд – kómí-permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="kómí-permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – karasaíbalkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karasaíbalkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – kölníska" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eslenda" title="Îslenda – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îslenda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – komíska" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – kornbreska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornbreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – ladínska" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – lúxemborgíska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lúxemborgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – lesgíska" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilandi" title="Isilandi – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Isilandi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesland" title="Iesland – limbúrgíska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Iesland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbúrgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi" title="Islandi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Islandi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ – laó" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandija" title="Islandija – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islandija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAslandeja" title="Īslandeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Īslandeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – madúrska" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madúrska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड – maítílí" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maítílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Исландмастор – moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Исландмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandy" title="Islandy – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Islandy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Исландий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Исландий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiorangi" title="Tiorangi – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tiorangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – mínangkabá" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mínangkabá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസ്‌ലാന്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ – manípúrí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯥꯢꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípúrí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलँड – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आइसलँड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%BClanda" title="Iżlanda – maltneska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iżlanda" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisl%C3%A1ndia" title="Eislándia – mirandesíska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eislándia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိုက်စလန်နိုင်ငံ – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုက်စလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Исландия Мастор – ersja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Исландия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ایسلند – masanderaní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسلند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="masanderaní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesland" title="Iesland – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Iesland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslaand" title="Ieslaand – lágsaxneska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ieslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसल्यान्ड – nepalska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आइसल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJsland" title="IJsland – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJsland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islande" title="Islande – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Islande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaunde" title="Islaunde – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Islaunde" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_K%C3%A9yah" title="Tin Kéyah – navahó" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tin Kéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navahó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Islàndia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandii" title="Islandii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Islandii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aayislaandi" title="Aayislaandi – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Aayislaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1" title="ଆଇସଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ – óría" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଇସଲ୍ୟାଣ୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="óría" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Исланди – ossetíska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Исланди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – pangasínmál" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasínmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – papíamentó" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papíamentó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islinde" title="Islinde – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Islinde" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड – palí" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="palí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آئس لینڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئس لینڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισλανδία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ισλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89" title="آيسلينډ – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آيسلينډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A2ndia" title="Islândia – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Islândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanriya" title="Islanriya – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Islanriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – rómanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rómanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – arúmenska" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanne" title="Islanne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Islanne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ісланд – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ісланд" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilande" title="Isilande – kínjarvanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Isilande" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kínjarvanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="आइसलैंड – sanskrít" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आइसलैंड" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrít" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – jakút" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakút" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0" title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ – santalí" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – sardínska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="آئس لينڊ – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آئس لينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1nda" title="Islánda – norðursamíska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Islánda" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="norðursamíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A2nde" title="Islânde – sangó" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Islânde" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayslanda" title="Ayslanda – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ayslanda" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢၢႆးသလႅၼ်ႇ – sjan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢၢႆးသလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="sjan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="අයිස්ලන්තය – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයිස්ලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آئس لینڈ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آئس لینڈ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandija" title="Islandija – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islandija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiselani" title="Aiselani – samóska" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Aiselani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samóska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – enaresamíska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yisirandi" title="Yisirandi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Yisirandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayslaan" title="Ayslaan – sómalska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ayslaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="sómalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Исланд – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Исланд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islenikondre" title="Islenikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Islenikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echweni" title="Echweni – svatí" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Echweni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – suðursótó" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="suðursótó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieslound" title="Ieslound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ieslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia – súndanska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Islandia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="súndanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island" title="Island – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Island" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilandi" title="Isilandi – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Isilandi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandyjo" title="Islandyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Islandyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="ஐசுலாந்து – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐசுலாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D" title="ఐస్‌లాండ్ – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐస్‌లాండ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izl%C3%A1ndia" title="Izlándia – tetúm" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Izlándia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetúm" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – tadsjikska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศไอซ์แลนด์ – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศไอซ์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandi%C3%BDa" title="Islandiýa – túrkmenska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Islandiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="túrkmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandij%C9%99" title="Islandijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Islandijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAisilani" title="ʻAisilani – tongverska" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAisilani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aislan" title="Aislan – tokpisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Aislan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tokpisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zlanda" title="İzlanda – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzlanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – tarókó" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarókó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – túmbúka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="túmbúka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – túvínska" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="túvínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Исландия – údmúrt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Исландия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="údmúrt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئىسلاندىيە – úígúr" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسلاندىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="úígúr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ісландія – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88" title="آئس لینڈ – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئس لینڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandiya" title="Islandiya – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Islandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Islanda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandii" title="Islandii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Islandii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iceland" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="Úrvalsgrein"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysland" title="Ysland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ysland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislade%C3%A4n" title="Lisladeän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lisladeän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izlande" title="Izlande – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Izlande" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandya" title="Islandya – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Islandya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaand" title="Islaand – volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Islaand" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayisilend" title="Ayisilend – sósa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ayisilend" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="sósa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისლანდია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლანდია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="איסלאנד – jiddíska" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איסלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsl%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Íslándì – jórúba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Íslándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jórúba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghdauj" title="Binghdauj – súang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghdauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="súang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iesland" title="Iesland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iesland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ – staðlað marokkóskt tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="staðlað marokkóskt tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="冰島 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="冰島" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-t%C3%B3" title="Peng-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" title="冰島 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Ayisilandi" title="I-Ayisilandi – súlú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Ayisilandi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="súlú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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1em;padding:0.2em;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}@media screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:right}}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{float:none}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}</style> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:88%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mergedtoprow" style="padding:0.33em 0.33em 0.33em; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><b>Ísland</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px solid #BBBBBB;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Íslands"><img alt="Fáni Íslands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/100px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/150px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/200px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> </td> <td width="50%" style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle;max-width:50% !important;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skjaldarmerki Íslands"><img alt="Skjaldarmerki Íslands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="870" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td style="text-align:center"><small><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fáni Íslands">Fáni</a> </small> </td> <td style="text-align:center" width="50%"><small><a href="/wiki/Skjaldarmerki_%C3%8Dslands" title="Skjaldarmerki Íslands">Skjaldarmerki</a> </small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0s%C3%B6ngur" title="Þjóðsöngur">Þjóðsöngur</a>:</b><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Lofs%C3%B6ngur" title="Lofsöngur">Lofsöngur</a><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="87" data-mwtitle="Lofsöngur_(first_recording).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Lofs%C3%B6ngur_%28first_recording%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Lofs%C3%B6ngur_%28first_recording%29.ogg/Lofs%C3%B6ngur_%28first_recording%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALofs%C3%B6ngur_%28first_recording%29.ogg&lang=is&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="is" label="íslenska ‪(is)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #fff; padding: 0em 0 0em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Iceland_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kort sem sýnir staðsetningu Íslands"><img alt="Staðsetning Íslands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Iceland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Iceland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Iceland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Iceland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Iceland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Iceland_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg" title="Höfuðborg">Höfuðborg</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Opinbert_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Opinbert tungumál">Opinbert tungumál</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska" title="Íslenska">Íslenska</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><b><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_stj%C3%B3rnarfari" title="Lönd eftir stjórnarfari">Stjórnarfar</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi">Lýðveldi</a> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><a href="/wiki/Forseti_%C3%8Dslands" title="Forseti Íslands">Forseti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td><a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%A6tisr%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_%C3%8Dslands" title="Forsætisráðherra Íslands">Forsætisráðherra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bjarni_Benediktsson_(f._1970)" title="Bjarni Benediktsson (f. 1970)">Bjarni Benediktsson</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data"><b>Sjálfstæði</b> </td> <td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Þjóðveldið">Þjóðveldi</a></td> <td>930  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • <a href="/wiki/Gamli_s%C3%A1ttm%C3%A1li" title="Gamli sáttmáli">Gamli sáttmáli</a></td> <td>1262/4  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnarskr%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjórnarskrá Íslands">Stjórnarskrá</a></td> <td>1. desember 1874  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • <a href="/wiki/Heimastj%C3%B3rnart%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Heimastjórnartímabilið">Heimastjórn</a></td> <td>1. febrúar 1904  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • <a href="/wiki/Saga_%C3%8Dslands#Fullveldi" title="Saga Íslands">Fullveldi</a></td> <td>1. desember 1918  </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0_%C3%8Dsland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lýðveldið Ísland">Lýðveldi</a></td> <td>17. júní 1944  </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Flatarm%C3%A1l" title="Flatarmál">Flatarmál</a></b><br /> • Samtals<br /> • Vatn (%) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_og_%C3%BAtliggjandi_yfirr%C3%A1%C3%B0asv%C3%A6%C3%B0i_eftir_st%C3%A6r%C3%B0" title="Listi yfir lönd og útliggjandi yfirráðasvæði eftir stærð">106. sæti</a><br />102.775 km²<br />2,07% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mannfj%C3%B6ldi" title="Mannfjöldi">Mannfjöldi</a></b><br /> • Samtals (2024 (1. nóvember))<br /> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%A9ttleiki_bygg%C3%B0ar" title="Þéttleiki byggðar">Þéttleiki byggðar</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_eftir_mannfj%C3%B6lda" title="Listi yfir lönd eftir mannfjölda">171. sæti</a><br />388.790 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />3,75/km² </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Verg_landsframlei%C3%B0sla" title="Verg landsframleiðsla">VLF</a></b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Kaupm%C3%A1ttarj%C3%B6fnu%C3%B0ur" title="Kaupmáttarjöfnuður">KMJ</a></b>) </td> <td class="infobox-data">áætl. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • Samtals</td> <td>24,9 millj. <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkjadalur" title="Bandaríkjadalur">dala</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_landsframlei%C3%B0slu_(KMJ)" title="Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu (KMJ)">152. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> • Á mann</td> <td>66.467 dalir (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6nd_eftir_landsframlei%C3%B0slu_%C3%A1_mann_(KMJ)" title="Lönd eftir landsframleiðslu á mann (KMJ)">15. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsitala_um_%C3%BEr%C3%B3un_l%C3%ADfsg%C3%A6%C3%B0a" title="Vísitala um þróun lífsgæða">VÞL</a></b> (2021) </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Increase2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> 0.959 (<a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_l%C3%B6nd_eftir_v%C3%ADsit%C3%B6lu_um_%C3%BEr%C3%B3un_l%C3%ADfsg%C3%A6%C3%B0a" title="Listi yfir lönd eftir vísitölu um þróun lífsgæða">3. sæti</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gjaldmi%C3%B0ill" title="Gjaldmiðill">Gjaldmiðill</a></b> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_kr%C3%B3na" title="Íslensk króna">Króna</a> (ISK) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADmabelti" title="Tímabelti">Tímabelti</a></b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" title="UTC">UTC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b>Ekið er</b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">hægra megin </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0arl%C3%A9n" title="Þjóðarlén">Þjóðarlén</a></b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/.is" title=".is">.is</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Landsn%C3%BAmer" title="Landsnúmer">Landsnúmer</a></b> </td> <td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_landsn%C3%BAmer" title="Listi yfir landsnúmer">+354</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Ísland</b> er <a href="/wiki/Eyr%C3%ADki" title="Eyríki">eyríki</a> í <a href="/wiki/Atlantshafi%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantshafið">Norður-Atlantshafi</a> á milli <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nland" title="Grænland">Grænlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyja</a> og <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregs</a>. Eyjan situr á <a href="/wiki/Atlantshafshryggurinn" title="Atlantshafshryggurinn">Atlantshafshryggnum</a> þar sem er <a href="/wiki/Heitur_reitur" title="Heitur reitur">heitur reitur</a>, mitt á milli heimsálfanna <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Amer%C3%ADka" title="Norður-Ameríka">Norður-Ameríku</a> og <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a>, en landið telst til Evrópu og er eitt <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0url%C3%B6ndin" title="Norðurlöndin">Norðurlandanna</a>. Ísland er um 103.000 <a href="/wiki/Ferk%C3%ADl%C3%B3metri" title="Ferkílómetri">km²</a> að stærð, næststærsta <a href="/wiki/Eyja" title="Eyja">eyja</a> <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a> á eftir Bretlandi og sú átjánda stærsta í heimi. Á Íslandi búa um 389.000 manns (2024) og það er því eitt af dreifbýlustu löndum jarðar. <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> er höfuðborg landsins og stærsta þéttbýlið, þar sem yfir þriðjungur íbúa býr. <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska" title="Íslenska">Íslenska</a> er opinbert tungumál á Íslandi. </p><p>Ísland situr á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rekbelti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rekbelti (síða er ekki enn til)">rekbelti</a> á milli tveggja meginlandsfleka og þar er mikill <a href="/wiki/Jar%C3%B0hiti" title="Jarðhiti">jarðhiti</a> og <a href="/wiki/Eldvirkni" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldvirkni">eldvirkni</a>. Landslag einkennist af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eldfjallasl%C3%A9tta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eldfjallaslétta (síða er ekki enn til)">eldfjallasléttu</a> þar sem eru fjöll og hraunbreiður, auk <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6kull" title="Jökull">jökla</a>, og margar <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6kul%C3%A1" title="Jökulá">jökulár</a> renna til sjávar um láglendið við ströndina. <a href="/wiki/Golfstraumurinn" title="Golfstraumurinn">Golfstraumurinn</a> sér til þess að loftslag á Íslandi er mildara en víða annars staðar á sömu breiddargráðu, rétt sunnan við <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urheimskautsbaugur" title="Norðurheimskautsbaugur">norðurheimskautsbaug</a>, og þar er <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Athafsloftslag" title="Úthafsloftslag">úthafsloftslag</a> ríkjandi fremur en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heimskautaloftslag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heimskautaloftslag (síða er ekki enn til)">heimskautaloftslag</a>. </p><p>Samkvæmt <i><a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a></i> hófst <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1m_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Landnám Íslands">landnám Íslands</a> þegar <a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfur_Arnarson" title="Ingólfur Arnarson">Ingólfur Arnarson</a> nam þar land árið 874, þó aðrir hefðu áður dvalið tímabundið á landinu. Á næstu áratugum flutti fjöldi fólks til Íslands á tímabili sem nefnt er <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1ms%C3%B6ld" title="Landnámsöld">landnámsöld</a>, bæði frá <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bretlandseyjar" title="Bretlandseyjar">Bretlandseyjum</a>. Ísland komst með <a href="/wiki/Gamli_s%C3%A1ttm%C3%A1li" title="Gamli sáttmáli">Gamla sáttmála</a> undir vald <a href="/wiki/Noregskonungar" class="mw-redirect" title="Noregskonungar">Noregskonungs</a> árið 1262 og varð síðar hluti af <a href="/wiki/Danaveldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Danaveldi">Danaveldi</a> til ársins 1918, þegar það fékk <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0isbar%C3%A1tta_%C3%8Dslendinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjálfstæðisbarátta Íslendinga">fullveldi</a> í <a href="/wiki/Konungssamband" title="Konungssamband">konungssambandi</a> við Danmörku. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi">Lýðveldi</a> var stofnað árið 1944 og öll stjórnarfarsleg tengsl við Danmörku rofin. Íslenska löggjafarþingið, <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingi" title="Alþingi">Alþingi</a>, er eitt elsta starfandi þing heims, stofnað árið 930, þótt það hafi verið lagt niður um stutt skeið frá 1799 til 1845. </p><p>Fram á 20. öld byggðist efnahagur landsins að mestu á <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfs%C3%BEurftarb%C3%BAskapur" title="Sjálfsþurftarbúskapur">sjálfsþurftarbúskap</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1var%C3%BAtvegur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Sjávarútvegur á Íslandi">fiskveiðum</a>. Útgerð jókst á síðari hluta 19. aldar og <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0nv%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="Iðnvæðing">iðnvæðing</a> hófst í byrjun 20. aldar, aðallega í kringum fiskveiðar og fiskvinnslu. Landið bjó að auðugum fiskimiðum og fékk smám saman einkarétt á nýtingu þeirra, meðal annars með <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorskastr%C3%AD%C3%B0in" title="Þorskastríðin">þorskastríðunum</a>. Eftir <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0ari_heimsstyrj%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Síðari heimsstyrjöld">síðari heimsstyrjöld</a> gekk Ísland í <a href="/wiki/Atlantshafsbandalagi%C3%B0" title="Atlantshafsbandalagið">Atlantshafsbandalagið</a> og fékk <a href="/wiki/Marshall-a%C3%B0sto%C3%B0in" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall-aðstoðin">Marshall-aðstoð</a>. Með <a href="/wiki/Virkjun" title="Virkjun">virkjunum</a> fallvatna og nýtingu jarðhita varð <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3ri%C3%B0ja_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Stóriðja á Íslandi">stóriðja</a> önnur meginstoð efnahagslífsins. Frá því seint á 20. öld hafa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugverkai%C3%B0na%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugverkaiðnaður (síða er ekki enn til)">hugverkaiðnaður</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skapandi_greinar" title="Skapandi greinar">skapandi greinar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fer%C3%B0a%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferðaþjónusta">ferðaþjónusta</a> aukið fjölbreytni atvinnulífsins. Á sama tíma jókst <a href="/wiki/Verg_landsframlei%C3%B0sla" title="Verg landsframleiðsla">þjóðarframleiðsla</a> Íslendinga til muna og innviðir og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velfer%C3%B0arkerfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velferðarkerfi (síða er ekki enn til)">velferðarkerfi</a> landsins efldust. Árið 2008 hófst <a href="/wiki/Efnahagskreppan_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi_2008%E2%80%932011" title="Efnahagskreppan á Íslandi 2008–2011">efnahagskreppan á Íslandi 2008–2011</a> í kjölfar <a href="/wiki/Bankahruni%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankahrunið">Bankahrunsins</a>. Eftir það jókst hlutur <a href="/wiki/Fer%C3%B0a%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Ferðaþjónusta á Íslandi">ferðaþjónustu</a> verulega og hún varð brátt þriðja meginstoð efnahagslífsins, ásamt sjávarútvegi og stóriðju. </p><p>Ísland býr við <a href="/wiki/Blanda%C3%B0_hagkerfi" title="Blandað hagkerfi">blandað hagkerfi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%A6nt_velfer%C3%B0arkerfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Norrænt velferðarkerfi">norrænt velferðarkerfi</a> með <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almenn_heilbrig%C3%B0is%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almenn heilbrigðisþjónusta (síða er ekki enn til)">almennri heilbrigðisþjónustu</a> og ókeypis menntun. Landið situr hátt á listum yfir lönd eftir lífsgæðum, menntun, mannréttindum, gagnsæi og viðskiptafrelsi. Aðild að <a href="/wiki/Verkal%C3%BD%C3%B0sf%C3%A9lag" class="mw-redirect" title="Verkalýðsfélag">verkalýðsfélögum</a> er með því mesta sem gerist í heiminum. Ísland á aðild að <a href="/wiki/Sameinu%C3%B0u_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0irnar" title="Sameinuðu þjóðirnar">Sameinuðu þjóðunum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pska_efnahagssv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Evrópska efnahagssvæðið">Evrópska efnahagssvæðinu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantshafsbandalagi%C3%B0" title="Atlantshafsbandalagið">Atlantshafsbandalaginu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efnahags-_og_framfarastofnunin" title="Efnahags- og framfarastofnunin">Efnahags- og framfarastofnuninni</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ryggis-_og_samvinnustofnun_Evr%C3%B3pu" title="Öryggis- og samvinnustofnun Evrópu">Öryggis- og samvinnustofnun Evrópu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Evrópuráðið">Evrópuráðinu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0" title="Norðurlandaráð">Norðurlandaráði</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Schengen-sv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Schengen-svæðið">Schengen-svæðinu</a>. Þrátt fyrir að vera í NATO er ísland ekki með <a href="/wiki/Her" title="Her">her</a>, heldur aðeins <a href="/wiki/Landhelgisg%C3%A6slan" class="mw-redirect" title="Landhelgisgæslan">strandgæslu</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heiti">Heiti</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744436">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Heiti_yfir_%C3%8Dsland" title="Heiti yfir Ísland">Heiti yfir Ísland</a></div> <p>Formlegt nafn Íslands er einfaldlega Ísland, ekki „Lýðveldið Ísland“.<sup id="cite_ref-vísindav-nafn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vísindav-nafn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsta heimildin um nafnið Ísland er rúnarista á steini á <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotlandi</a> í Eystrasalti frá 11. öld. Nafnið kemur fyrir í <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k" title="Íslendingabók">Íslendingabók</a></i> og <i><a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Landnáma">Landnámu</a></i> sem eru ritaðar á 12. öld en byggjast líklega á munnmælum frá 11. öld. Í <i>Landnámu</i> er líka að finna sögur um eldri heiti landsins og uppruna núverandi nafns.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Þar er sagt frá <a href="/wiki/Naddo%C3%B0ur" title="Naddoður">Naddoði</a> víkingi frá Færeyjum sem lenti á Austfjörðum eftir hafvillur og nefndi landið „Snæland“ af því þar var snjór í fjöllum. Eftir hann kom sænski sæfarinn <a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar Svavarsson</a> og hafði vetursetu á <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAsav%C3%ADk" title="Húsavík">Húsavík</a>. Hann er sagður hafa siglt umhverfis landið og komist að því að það var eyja. Hann nefndi því landið „Garðarshólma“. Norski víkingurinn <a href="/wiki/Hrafna-Fl%C3%B3ki" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrafna-Flóki">Hrafna-Flóki</a> er sagður hafa gefið landinu núverandi nafn eftir að hafa reynt þar landnám en misst allan bústofn sinn því hann gætti þess ekki að heyja yfir sumarið. Áður en hann sigldi á brott sá hann fjörð fullan af <a href="/wiki/Haf%C3%ADs" title="Hafís">hafís</a> og gaf því landinu hið kuldalega nafn Ísland. </p><p>Eldri heimildir sem mögulega vísa til landsins er að finna í miðaldaritum. Í ýmsum landfræðiritum miðalda er sagt frá gríska landkönnuðinum <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BD%C3%BEeas" title="Pýþeas">Pýþeasi</a> sem segir í ritum (sem eru glötuð) frá ferðum sínum til <a href="/wiki/Bretlandseyjar" title="Bretlandseyjar">Bretlandseyja</a> þar sem hann heyrði sagnir af landi í norðri sem var kallað <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thule (síða er ekki enn til)">Thule</a></i> eða <i>Ultima Thule</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-thule_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Þetta land hefur verið talið vera ýmist Ísland, Færeyjar, Orkneyjar, Hjaltlandseyjar, Saaremaa í Eistlandi<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og Smøla í Noregi.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snemma á 9. öld ritaði írski munkurinn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicuil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicuil (síða er ekki enn til)">Dicuil</a> landfræðirit, <i>De mensura orbis terrae</i>, þar sem hann segist hafa rætt við írska presta sem hefðu siglt norður til Thule.<sup id="cite_ref-thule_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thule-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Árið 2016 sendi íslenska ríkið kvörtun til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugverkastofa_Evr%C3%B3pusambandsins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugverkastofa Evrópusambandsins (síða er ekki enn til)">Hugverkastofu Evrópusambandsins</a> (EUIPO) vegna <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rumerki" title="Vörumerki">vörumerkjaskráningar</a> bresku verslanakeðjunnar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceland_Foods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iceland Foods (síða er ekki enn til)">Iceland Foods</a> á vörumerkinu <i>Iceland</i>, sem er enska útgáfan á nafni landsins. Áður hafði verslanakeðjan kært notkun orðsins í markaðsherferð <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslandsstofa" title="Íslandsstofa">Íslandsstofu</a>, „Inspired by Iceland“. EUIPO ákvað í kjölfarið að fella vörumerkjaskráninguna niður.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saga">Saga</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Saga_%C3%8Dslands" title="Saga Íslands">Saga Íslands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landnám,_kristnitaka_og_höfðingjaveldi"><span id="Landn.C3.A1m.2C_kristnitaka_og_h.C3.B6f.C3.B0ingjaveldi"></span>Landnám, kristnitaka og höfðingjaveldi</h3></div> <p>Samkvæmt <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k_Ara_fr%C3%B3%C3%B0a" class="mw-redirect" title="Íslendingabók Ara fróða">Íslendingabók</a> var Ísland fyrst numið af <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">norskum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Keltar" title="Keltar">gelískum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland">skoskum</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drland" title="Írland">írskum</a>) <a href="/wiki/Landnemi" title="Landnemi">landnemum</a> undir lok <a href="/wiki/9._%C3%B6ldin" title="9. öldin">níundu aldar</a> og á <a href="/wiki/10._%C3%B6ldin" title="10. öldin">tíundu öld</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fornleifafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Fornleifafræði">Fornleifarannsóknir</a> virðast staðfesta þessa frásögn í meginatriðum, þar sem fáar mannvistarleifar hafa fundist sem sannanlega eru eldri.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ýmsir fræðimenn hafa sett fram þá tilgátu að ástæðan fyrir komum fyrstu manna til landsins hafi verið <a href="/wiki/Rostungur" title="Rostungur">rostungsveiðar</a> sem gáfu af sér bæði verðmætar tennur og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svar%C3%B0reipi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svarðreipi (síða er ekki enn til)">svarðreipi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Þjóðveldið">Þjóðveldið</a> var sett á stofn með <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingi" title="Alþingi">Alþingi</a> árið 930 en það er meðal elstu <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eing" title="Þing">þjóðþinga</a> sem enn eru starfandi. Á síðari hluta 10. aldar tók hópur fólks sig upp frá Íslandi og nam land á <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nland" title="Grænland">Grænlandi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flestir landsnámsmanna voru <a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ásatrú">ásatrúar</a>, en þó nokkrir <a href="/wiki/Kristni" title="Kristni">kristnir</a> og höfðu þeir flestir kynnst kristinni trú og látið skírast á <a href="/wiki/Bretlandseyjar" title="Bretlandseyjar">Bretlandseyjum</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%93lafur_Tryggvason" title="Ólafur Tryggvason">Ólafur Tryggvason</a> Noregskonungur var mjög áhugasamur um að kristna Ísland — með góðu eða illu. Á Alþingi sumarið 1000 ákváðu Íslendingar að taka kristni að ráðum <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorgeir_Lj%C3%B3svetningago%C3%B0i_%C3%9Eorkelsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Þorgeir Ljósvetningagoði Þorkelsson">Þorgeirs ljósvetningagoða</a> sem þó var ásatrúar sjálfur fram að því.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eftir kristnitöku voru tveir <a href="/wiki/Biskup" title="Biskup">biskupsstólar</a> stofnaðir í landinu, í <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1lholt" title="Skálholt">Skálholti</a> og á <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lar_%C3%AD_Hjaltadal" title="Hólar í Hjaltadal">Hólum</a>. Báðir heyrðu undir erkibiskupsstól í <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0ar%C3%B3s" title="Niðarós">Niðarósi</a> í Noregi. Mörg <a href="/wiki/Klaustur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Klaustur á Íslandi">klaustur</a> voru stofnuð og gegndu margvíslegu samfélagslegu hlutverki.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Handrit" title="Handrit">Handritagerð</a> stóð með miklum blóma og ritaðar voru <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslendingas%C3%B6gur" title="Íslendingasögur">Íslendingasögur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konungas%C3%B6gur" title="Konungasögur">konungasögur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fornaldars%C3%B6gur_Nor%C3%B0urlanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda">fornaldarsögur</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biskupas%C3%B6gur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biskupasögur (síða er ekki enn til)">biskupasögur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Riddaras%C3%B6gur" title="Riddarasögur">riddarasögur</a>. </p><p>Á miðöldum ríktu öflugar höfðingjaættir yfir landinu og mynduðu svokallað <a href="/wiki/Go%C3%B0aveldi%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Goðaveldið">goðaveldi</a> frá stofnun alþingis til um 1260. Sum höfðingjasetur urðu mjög auðug vegna <a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADund" title="Tíund">tíundar</a> af kirkjum á kirkjujörðum og fjölbreyttra <a href="/wiki/Hlunnindi" title="Hlunnindi">hlunninda</a>. Ein af undirstöðum auðsöfnunar íslenskra höfðingja á miðöldum var verslun með <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1hvalur" title="Náhvalur">náhvalstennur</a>, rostungstennur og svarðreipi milli Íslands, Grænlands og Bretlandseyja.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Átök hófust milli biskupa og höfðingja í <a href="/wiki/Sta%C3%B0am%C3%A1lin" title="Staðamálin">staðamálum</a> og átök höfðingjaætta um völd leiddu svo til borgarastyrjaldar sem nefnist <a href="/wiki/Sturlunga%C3%B6ld" title="Sturlungaöld">Sturlungaöld</a> eftir einni ættinni. Sturlungaöld lauk með því að íslensku höfðingjarnir gengu Noregskonungum, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1kon_gamli" title="Hákon gamli">Hákoni gamla</a> og <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%BAs_lagab%C3%A6tir" title="Magnús lagabætir">Magnúsi lagabæti</a> syni hans, á hönd með <a href="/wiki/Gamli_s%C3%A1ttm%C3%A1li" title="Gamli sáttmáli">Gamla sáttmála</a> milli 1262 og 1264. Frá þeim tíma og fram á miðja 14. öld höfðu Norðmenn mikil ítök á Íslandi og sala á <a href="/wiki/Skrei%C3%B0" title="Skreið">skreið</a> til <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rgvin" title="Björgvin">Björgvinjar</a> í Noregi varð helsta útflutningsgrein Íslendinga.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3nsb%C3%B3k" title="Jónsbók">Jónsbók</a> varð lögbók Íslendinga árið 1281 og hélst í notkun fram á 18. öld. <a href="/wiki/Go%C3%B0or%C3%B0" title="Goðorð">Goðorð</a> voru lögð niður og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDslur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sýslur á Íslandi">sýslur</a> settar á stofn. </p><p>Árið 1397 varð Ísland ásamt Noregi hluti af <a href="/wiki/Kalmarsambandi%C3%B0" title="Kalmarsambandið">Kalmarsambandinu</a>, konungssambandi <a href="/wiki/Danm%C3%B6rk" title="Danmörk">Danmerkur</a>, Noregs og <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóðar</a> undir stjórn <a href="/wiki/Margr%C3%A9t_mikla" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrét mikla">Margrétar miklu</a>. Árið 1402 kom <a href="/wiki/Svartidau%C3%B0i_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Svartidauði á Íslandi">svartidauði</a> til landsins. Talið er að um helmingur landsmanna hafi látist í farsóttinni.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eftir svartadauða jókst sjósókn og verslun <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">Englendinga</a> við Ísland sem olli átökum við embættismenn Danakonungs. Undir lok 15. aldar tóku síðan sjómenn frá <a href="/wiki/Hamborg" title="Hamborg">Hamborg</a> að sækja í auknum mæli til Íslands og versluðu með fjölbreyttari varning en Englendingar. Í <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grindav%C3%ADkurstr%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grindavíkurstríðið (síða er ekki enn til)">Grindavíkurstríðinu</a> 1532 gerðust Hamborgarar bandamenn konungsfulltrúa gegn Englendingum.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siðaskipti,_einokun_og_upplýsing"><span id="Si.C3.B0askipti.2C_einokun_og_uppl.C3.BDsing"></span>Siðaskipti, einokun og upplýsing</h3></div> <p>Árið 1521 leystist Kalmarsambandið upp við að Svíar gerðu uppreisn gegn <a href="/wiki/Kristj%C3%A1n_2." title="Kristján 2.">Kristjáni 2.</a>. Eftir það var Ísland hluti af ríki sem nefnt hefur verið <a href="/wiki/Dansk-norska_r%C3%ADki%C3%B0" title="Dansk-norska ríkið">Dansk-norska ríkið</a> eða Danaveldi. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6lendatr%C3%BA" title="Mótmælendatrú">Mótmælendatrú</a> var innleidd í Danmörku árið 1536 og áhrif <a href="/wiki/Marteinn_L%C3%BAther" title="Marteinn Lúther">Lúthers</a> bárust til Íslands um það leyti með þýskum veiði- og verslunarmönnum. Fyrsti lútherski biskupinn á Íslandi var <a href="/wiki/Gissur_Einarsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Gissur Einarsson">Gissur Einarsson</a> sem var skipaður Skálholtsbiskup árið 1540. Árið eftir sendi <a href="/wiki/Kristj%C3%A1n_3." title="Kristján 3.">Kristján 3.</a> herflokk til Íslands til að handtaka <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gmundur_P%C3%A1lsson" title="Ögmundur Pálsson">Ögmund Pálsson</a>, fyrrverandi Skálholtsbiskup, og ræna kirkjur og klaustur. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3n_Arason" title="Jón Arason">Jón Arason</a>, síðasti kaþólski biskup Norðurlanda, var tekinn af lífi í <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1lholt" title="Skálholt">Skálholti</a> 7. nóvember árið 1550 og eru <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%B0askiptin" title="Siðaskiptin">siðaskiptin</a> á Íslandi oftast miðuð við þann dag. Eftir siðaskiptin var <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3rid%C3%B3mur" title="Stóridómur">Stóridómur</a>, samþykkt um siðferðismál, lögtekinn á Íslandi. Hann fól meðal annars í sér líflátsdóma fyrir sifjaspellsbrot. </p><p>Jón Arason kom <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B3laprentsmi%C3%B0ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hólaprentsmiðja (síða er ekki enn til)">Hólaprentsmiðju</a> á fót á biskupsstólnum á Hólum í kringum árið 1530. Í tvær og hálfa öld var þetta eina prentsmiðjan á Íslandi. <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_%C3%9Eorl%C3%A1ksson" title="Guðbrandur Þorláksson">Guðbrandur Þorláksson</a>, biskup á Hólum 1571 til 1627, lét prenta þar <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandsbibl%C3%ADa" title="Guðbrandsbiblía">Guðbrandsbiblíu</a>, fyrstu heildarþýðingu <a href="/wiki/Bibl%C3%ADan" title="Biblían">Biblíunnar</a> á íslensku, árið 1584. Átök Guðbrands við <a href="/wiki/Svalbar%C3%B0s%C3%A6tt" title="Svalbarðsætt">Svalbarðsætt</a> leiddu til <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B0br%C3%A9fam%C3%A1li%C3%B0" title="Morðbréfamálið">Morðbréfamálsins</a> í upphafi 17. aldar. Árið 1623-1628 var stúdentagarðurinn <a href="/wiki/Regensen" title="Regensen">Regensen</a> reistur í Kaupmannahöfn sem liður í að efla <a href="/wiki/Kaupmannahafnarh%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Kaupmannahafnarháskóli">Kaupmannahafnarháskóla</a>. Íslenskir stúdentar lærðu eftir það langflestir í Kaupmannahöfn, en áður var algengt að menn færu til náms í Þýskalandi. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nverjav%C3%ADgin" title="Spánverjavígin">Spánverjavígin</a> áttu sér stað á Vestfjörðum árið 1615 þar sem hópur baskneskra skipbrotsmanna var drepinn að undirlagi <a href="/wiki/Ari_%C3%AD_%C3%96gri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari í Ögri">Ara í Ögri</a>, sýslumanns. Árið 1614 rændu enskir sjóræningjar <a href="/wiki/Vestmannaeyjar" title="Vestmannaeyjar">Vestmannaeyjar</a> og árið 1627 átti <a href="/wiki/Tyrkjar%C3%A1ni%C3%B0" title="Tyrkjaránið">Tyrkjaránið</a> sér stað, þegar 50 Íslendingar voru drepnir og um 400 hnepptir í þrældóm. Á síðari hluta 17. aldar stóð <a href="/wiki/Brennu%C3%B6ld" title="Brennuöld">brennuöld</a> á Íslandi þar sem fjöldi fólks var dæmdur og tekinn af lífi fyrir <a href="/wiki/Galdur" title="Galdur">galdur</a>. </p><p>Árið 1684 var hert á <a href="/wiki/Einokunarverslunin" title="Einokunarverslunin">einokunarversluninni</a>, sem Danakonungur hafði komið á á Íslandi árið 1602. Landinu var skipt í verslunarumdæmi og það varð refsivert að versla við aðra kaupmenn en þann sem hélt viðkomandi umdæmi. Einokunarverslunin stóð eftir það í eina öld, til 1787. <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3rab%C3%B3la" title="Stórabóla">Stórabóla</a> gekk yfir Ísland árin 1707 til 1709 og er talið að fjórðungur til þriðjungur landsmanna hafi látið lífið. Íslenski fræðimaðurinn <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rni_Magn%C3%BAsson" title="Árni Magnússon">Árni Magnússon</a> gerði bæði jarðabók og manntal á Íslandi í upphafi 18. aldar, ásamt <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ll_V%C3%ADdal%C3%ADn" title="Páll Vídalín">Páli Vídalín</a>. Hann safnaði markvisst íslenskum handritum og flutti þau í handritasafn sitt í Kaupmannahöfn þar sem þau voru afrituð og rannsökuð. Naumlega tókst að bjarga megninu af safni hans þegar <a href="/wiki/Bruninn_%C3%AD_Kaupmannah%C3%B6fn_%C3%A1ri%C3%B0_1728" title="Bruninn í Kaupmannahöfn árið 1728">bruninn í Kaupmannahöfn árið 1728</a> hófst. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uppl%C3%BDsingin" title="Upplýsingin">Upplýsingin</a> náði til Íslands með umbótum <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Harboe" title="Ludvig Harboe">Ludvig Harboe</a> biskups um miðja 18. öld. Hann kannaði <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6si" title="Læsi">læsi</a> á Íslandi ásamt <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3n_%C3%9Eorkelsson_Thorcillius" class="mw-redirect" title="Jón Þorkelsson Thorcillius">Jóni Þorkelssyni Thorcillius</a> og í framhaldi af því var ráðist í átak í lestrarkennslu.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eggert_%C3%93lafsson" title="Eggert Ólafsson">Eggert Ólafsson</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bjarni_P%C3%A1lsson" title="Bjarni Pálsson">Bjarni Pálsson</a> könnuðu landið á vegum danska landfræðingafélagsins. Árið 1751 voru <a href="/wiki/Innr%C3%A9ttingarnar" title="Innréttingarnar">Innréttingarnar</a>, fyrsta íslenska hlutafélagið, stofnaðar í Reykjavík og árið 1770 var þar tekið í notkun <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnarr%C3%A1%C3%B0sh%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Stjórnarráðshúsið">nýtt tukthús</a>. Árið 1773 var önnur prentsmiðja, <a href="/wiki/Hrappseyjarprentsmi%C3%B0ja" title="Hrappseyjarprentsmiðja">Hrappseyjarprentsmiðja</a>, stofnuð á Íslandi og fékkst við prentun veraldlegra rita. Rekinn var áróður fyrir jarðabótum og aukinni jarðrækt, en með litlum árangri fyrst um sinn. Frá lokum 18. aldar og fram á 20. öld voru starfrækt <a href="/wiki/Lestrarf%C3%A9lag" title="Lestrarfélag">lestrarfélög</a> víða um land undir áhrifum frá upplýsingastefnunni og voru eins konar ígildi <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3kasafn" title="Bókasafn">bókasafna</a> í sveitum landsins. Árið 1770 var <a href="/wiki/Landsnefndin_fyrri" title="Landsnefndin fyrri">Landsnefndin fyrri</a> skipuð og átti að koma með tillögur að úrbótum fyrir Ísland. Meðal tillagna nefndarinnar var að Reykjavík yrði gerð að <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg" title="Höfuðborg">höfuðstað</a> landsins. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0uhar%C3%B0indin" title="Móðuharðindin">Móðuharðindin</a> riðu yfir landið 1783 til 1785 og ollu fé- og mannfelli um allt land. Skálholtsstaður skemmdist illa í jarðskjálfta árið 1784 og ákveðið var að sameina biskupsstólana í Reykjavík. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lavallask%C3%B3li" title="Hólavallaskóli">Hólavallaskóli</a> tók við hlutverki skólanna á biskupsstólunum árið 1785. Bygging <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3mkirkjan_%C3%AD_Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Dómkirkjan í Reykjavík">dómkirkju</a> hófst í Reykjavík árið 1787. Árið 1800 var alþingi á Þingvöllum lagt niður og 1801 tók <a href="/wiki/Landsyfirr%C3%A9ttur" title="Landsyfirréttur">landsyfirréttur</a> í Reykjavík við dómsvaldi. </p><p>Í <a href="/wiki/Nap%C3%B3leonsstyrjaldirnar" title="Napóleonsstyrjaldirnar">Napóleonsstyrjöldunum</a> í upphafi 19. aldar, þegar Danmörk var um það bil að tapa fyrir sænskum, rússneskum og þýskum hermönnum, samþykkti <a href="/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik_6._Danakonungur" title="Friðrik 6. Danakonungur">Friðrik 6. Danakonungur</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C3%ADlarsamningurinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Kílarsamningurinn">Kílarsamninginn</a>, um að færa Noreg undir <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%ADakonungar" title="Svíakonungar">Svíakonung</a> í skiptum fyrir <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6nska_Pommern" title="Sænska Pommern">sænska Pommern</a> til að forðast hernám <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3tland" title="Jótland">Jótlandsskaga</a>. Ísland, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyjar</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nland" title="Grænland">Grænland</a> voru áfram undir dönskum yfirráðum. <a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%B0_%C3%ADslenska_b%C3%B3kmenntaf%C3%A9lag" title="Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag">Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag</a> var stofnað í Kaupmannahöfn árið 1816 og átti eftir að leika stórt hlutverk í <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0isbar%C3%A1tta_%C3%8Dslendinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjálfstæðisbarátta Íslendinga">sjálfstæðisbaráttu Íslendinga</a>. </p><p>Á 19. öld var ýmsum nýjum stofnunum komið á fót í Reykjavík. <a href="/wiki/Landsb%C3%B3kasafn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Landsbókasafn Íslands">Landsbókasafn Íslands</a> var stofnað 1818 og alþingi var endurreist sem ráðgjafarþing árið 1844. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6r%C3%B0i_sk%C3%B3linn" class="mw-redirect" title="Lærði skólinn">Lærði skólinn</a> hóf kennslu í nýrri stórbyggingu árið 1846. <a href="/wiki/Forngripasafni%C3%B0" title="Forngripasafnið">Forngripasafnið</a> var stofnað árið 1863 og nýtt <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingish%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Alþingishúsið">Alþingishús</a> var vígt árið 1881. <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0skjalasafn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Þjóðskjalasafn Íslands">Landsskjalasafni</a> var komið á fót árið 1882. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heimastjórn_og_heimsstyrjaldir"><span id="Heimastj.C3.B3rn_og_heimsstyrjaldir"></span>Heimastjórn og heimsstyrjaldir</h3></div> <p>Ísland fékk <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnarskr%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjórnarskrá Íslands">stjórnarskrá</a> og takmarkaða heimastjórn árið 1874 á þjóðhátíð í tilefni af <a href="/wiki/1000_%C3%A1ra_afm%C3%A6li_%C3%8Dslandsbygg%C3%B0ar" class="mw-redirect" title="1000 ára afmæli Íslandsbyggðar">1000 ára afmæli Íslandsbyggðar</a>. Með stjórnarskránni endurheimti Alþingi <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6ggjafarvald" title="Löggjafarvald">löggjafarvald</a> en konungur hafði <a href="/wiki/Neitunarvald" title="Neitunarvald">neitunarvald</a>. <a href="/wiki/Landsh%C3%B6f%C3%B0ingi" title="Landshöfðingi">Landshöfðingi</a> var skipaður fulltrúi dönsku ríkisstjórnarinnar á Íslandi samkvæmt <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B6%C3%B0ul%C3%B6gin" title="Stöðulögin">stöðulögunum</a> frá 1871. <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingish%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Alþingishúsið">Alþingishúsið</a> var byggt á árunum 1880 og 1881 og varð til þess að hlaðnir <a href="/wiki/Steinb%C3%A6r" title="Steinbær">steinbæir</a> spruttu víða upp í Reykjavík. <a href="/wiki/Landsbanki_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Landsbanki Íslands">Landsbanki Íslands</a> var stofnaður 1885 og hóf útgáfu fyrstu <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_kr%C3%B3na" title="Íslensk króna">íslensku peningaseðlanna</a>. Fyrstu <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9ttarf%C3%A9lag" title="Stéttarfélag">verkalýðsfélögin</a> voru stofnuð á <a href="/wiki/Landsh%C3%B6f%C3%B0ingjat%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Landshöfðingjatímabilið">Landshöfðingjatímabilinu</a>. Bylting varð í <a href="/wiki/Prentun" title="Prentun">prentun</a> á sama tíma og margar prentsmiðjur stofnaðar víða um land, eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dsafoldarprentsmi%C3%B0ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ísafoldarprentsmiðja (síða er ekki enn til)">Ísafoldarprentsmiðja</a> 1877 og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prentsmi%C3%B0ja_Sigf%C3%BAsar_Eymundssonar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prentsmiðja Sigfúsar Eymundssonar (síða er ekki enn til)">Prentsmiðja Sigfúsar Eymundssonar</a> 1887. Regluleg <a href="/wiki/Dagbla%C3%B0" title="Dagblað">dagblaðaútgáfa</a> hófst. Á sama tíma náðu <a href="/wiki/Vesturfarar" title="Vesturfarar">Vesturferðir</a> hámarki og talið að 9.000 Íslendingar hafi flust til Vesturheims á 9. áratug 19. aldar. Ástæðurnar voru meðal annars <a href="/wiki/%C3%96skjugosi%C3%B0_1875" title="Öskjugosið 1875">Öskjugos 1875</a> og harðindaár.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Þann 1. febrúar 1904 fékk Ísland <a href="/wiki/Heimastj%C3%B3rn" title="Heimastjórn">heimastjórn</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Hafstein" title="Hannes Hafstein">Hannes Hafstein</a> var skipaður fyrsti <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_%C3%8Dslands" title="Ráðherra Íslands">ráðherra Íslands</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heimastj%C3%B3rnart%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Heimastjórnartímabilið">Heimastjórnartímabilið</a> einkenndist af aukinni <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atger%C3%B0" title="Útgerð">útgerð</a> og vélvæðingu fiskiskipa, og fyrstu vélknúnu <a href="/wiki/Togari" title="Togari">togararnir</a> voru keyptir til landsins. <a href="/wiki/Landss%C3%ADmi_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Landssími Íslands">Landssími Íslands</a> var stofnaður þegar <a href="/wiki/Rits%C3%ADmi" title="Ritsími">ritsími</a> var lagður til landsins 1906 og miklar framfarir urðu í vega- og brúargerð víða um land. <a href="/wiki/Rafmagn" title="Rafmagn">Rafvæðing</a> hófst í smáum stíl víða um land. <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADkurh%C3%B6fn" title="Reykjavíkurhöfn">Reykjavíkurhöfn</a> var byggð 1910 til 1914 og <a href="/wiki/Eimskipaf%C3%A9lag_%C3%8Dslands" title="Eimskipafélag Íslands">Eimskipafélag Íslands</a> var stofnað það ár. <a href="/wiki/Safnah%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_vi%C3%B0_Hverfisg%C3%B6tu" title="Safnahúsið við Hverfisgötu">Safnahúsið við Hverfisgötu</a> var reist yfir <a href="/wiki/Landsb%C3%B3kasafn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Landsbókasafn Íslands">Landsbókasafn Íslands</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0skjalasafn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Þjóðskjalasafn Íslands">Landsskjalasafnið</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0minjasafn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Þjóðminjasafn Íslands">Forngripasafnið</a> og <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1tt%C3%BAruminjasafn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Náttúruminjasafn Íslands">Náttúrugripasafnið</a> á árunum 1906 til 1908. Ný fræðslulög komu á skólaskyldu 1907 og <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li_%C3%8Dslands" title="Háskóli Íslands">Háskóli Íslands</a> var stofnaður 1911. </p><p>Ísland fékk <a href="/wiki/Fullveldi" title="Fullveldi">fullveldi</a> með <a href="/wiki/Sambandsl%C3%B6gin" title="Sambandslögin">Sambandslögunum</a> árið 1918. <a href="/wiki/Kristj%C3%A1n_10." title="Kristján 10.">Kristján 10.</a> var þar með sameiginlegur þjóðhöfðingi Danmerkur og Íslands til ársins 1944, þegar lýðveldið var stofnað. Bar hann titilinn „konungur Íslands“ og var sá eini sem gerði það. Fullveldisárið barst <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A6nska_veikin" title="Spænska veikin">Spænska veikin</a> til Íslands og olli miklum veikindum og mörgun mannslátum, sérstaklega í Reykjavík og öðrum þéttbýlisstöðum. Árið 1918 kom fyrsta <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A1ttarv%C3%A9l" title="Dráttarvél">dráttarvélin</a> til landsins sem markar upphaf vélvæðingar í landbúnaði.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eftir að vélvæðing útgerðarinnar hófst í byrjun 20. aldar uxu þorp og bæir á stöðum þar sem hægt var að reisa stórskipahafnir. Í bæjunum þróaðist <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0na%C3%B0ur" title="Iðnaður">iðnaður</a> í kringum <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A9lsm%C3%AD%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vélsmíði (síða er ekki enn til)">vélsmíði</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netager%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netagerð (síða er ekki enn til)">netagerð</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skipasm%C3%AD%C3%B0i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skipasmíði (síða er ekki enn til)">skipasmíði</a> og aðra þjónustu við útgerðirnar. Árið 1921 bjó í fyrsta sinn innan við helmingur landsmanna í sveitum landsins og yfir helmingur í þéttbýli (um fimmtungur í Reykjavík).<sup id="cite_ref-hagstofan_íbúar_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagstofan_íbúar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Húsakynni tóku stakkaskiptum á sama tíma, en <a href="/wiki/Torfb%C3%A6r" title="Torfbær">torfbæir</a> voru algengasta húsagerðin í sveitum landsins á þessum árum. Árið 1910 voru torfbæir 52% húsnæðis á landinu, en hlutur þeirra hafði minnkað í 27% árið 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vaxandi þéttbýli um allt land gerði að verkum að sjúkdómar eins og <a href="/wiki/Taugaveiki" title="Taugaveiki">taugaveiki</a> og <a href="/wiki/Berklar" title="Berklar">berklar</a> breiddust hraðar út en áður. Berklar voru ein algengasta dánarorsök Reykvíkinga milli 1911 og 1925, en smithlutfall berkla var mun hærra í þéttbýli en í sveitum.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kreppan_mikla" title="Kreppan mikla">Kreppan mikla</a> hafði víðtæk áhrif á íslenskt samfélag. Atvinnuleysi jókst og atvinnudeilur urðu tíðari. <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rn_hinna_vinnandi_st%C3%A9tta" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjórn hinna vinnandi stétta">Stjórn hinna vinnandi stétta</a> var við völd 1934 til 1939 og tókst á við afleiðingar kreppunnar með lögum um <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almannatryggingar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almannatryggingar (síða er ekki enn til)">almannatryggingar</a>, endurbótum á fátækralögum, með því að koma landbúnaðarframleiðslu í hendur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samvinnuf%C3%A9lag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samvinnufélag (síða er ekki enn til)">samvinnufélaga</a> og koma á einkaleyfi ríkisins á ýmis konar starfsemi. Stjórnin herti innflutningstolla og innflutningstakmarkanir, um leið og reynt var að koma á innlendum iðnaði á sem flestum sviðum. </p><p>Þegar <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þjóðverjar</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Innr%C3%A1sin_%C3%AD_Noreg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Innrásin í Noreg (síða er ekki enn til)">réðust inn í Noreg</a> 1940 óttuðust Bretar að siglingaleiðir yfir Atlantshaf myndu lokast. Þeir ákváðu því að <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1m_%C3%8Dslands" title="Hernám Íslands">hernema Ísland</a>. Herskipin komu að landi 10. maí 1940. <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1ms%C3%A1rin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hernámsárin">Hernámsárin</a> einkenndust af uppgangi þar sem hernámsliðið skapaði aukna eftirspurn eftir vinnuafli og alls kyns þjónustu, en um leið töfðust ýmsar stórframkvæmdir vegna mikilla umsvifa <a href="/wiki/Breski_herinn" title="Breski herinn">hersins</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hervernd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hervernd (síða er ekki enn til)">Hervernd</a> <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkjaher" title="Bandaríkjaher">Bandaríkjahers</a> tók smám saman við af hernámi Breta og þegar árið 1944 leit íslenska ríkisstjórnin svo á að hernáminu væri formlega lokið. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lýðveldisstofnun_og_landhelgisdeilur"><span id="L.C3.BD.C3.B0veldisstofnun_og_landhelgisdeilur"></span>Lýðveldisstofnun og landhelgisdeilur</h3></div> <p>Sambandslögin frá 1918 voru með uppsagnarákvæði eftir 25 ár og áður en styrjöldin hófst hafði verið ákveðið að stefna að uppsögn samningsins.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 1944 var efnt til <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0aratkv%C3%A6%C3%B0agrei%C3%B0slan_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslan 1944 (síða er ekki enn til)">þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu</a> þar sem 97% kjósenda samþykktu sambandsslit. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldisstofnunin" title="Lýðveldisstofnunin">Lýðveldið var stofnað</a> á <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldish%C3%A1t%C3%AD%C3%B0in_1944" title="Lýðveldishátíðin 1944">hátíð á Þingvöllum</a> á afmæli Jóns Sigurðssonar 17. júní 1944, sem varð hinn nýi <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0h%C3%A1t%C3%AD%C3%B0ardagur_%C3%8Dslendinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Þjóðhátíðardagur Íslendinga">þjóðhátíðardagur Íslendinga</a>. Ríkisstjórinn, <a href="/wiki/Sveinn_Bj%C3%B6rnsson" title="Sveinn Björnsson">Sveinn Björnsson</a>, var kosinn fyrsti <a href="/wiki/Forseti_%C3%8Dslands" title="Forseti Íslands">forseti Íslands</a> af Alþingi til eins árs. Enginn bauð sig fram á móti honum í fyrstu forsetakosningunum 1945 og 1949 og hann var því forseti til dauðadags 1952. </p><p>Þann 21. október árið 1944 tók <a href="/wiki/Anna%C3%B0_r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti_%C3%93lafs_Thors" title="Annað ráðuneyti Ólafs Thors">ríkisstjórn Sjálfstæðisflokks, Alþýðuflokks og Sósíalistaflokks</a> við völdum (Nýsköpunarstjórnin). Þegar stríðinu lauk áttu Íslendingar miklar bankainnistæður í Bretlandi vegna sölu fisks þangað á stríðsárunum. Þessu fé var varið í kaup á <a href="/wiki/Togari" title="Togari">togurum</a> (sem voru kallaðir <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BDsk%C3%B6punartogarar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nýsköpunartogarar">nýsköpunartogarar</a>) og öðrum fiskiskipum sem einkaaðilar og sveitarfélög keyptu um allt land að undirlagi ríkisstjórnarinnar.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Einn stærsti kaupandinn var Reykjavíkurbær sem stofnaði <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6jar%C3%BAtger%C3%B0_Reykjav%C3%ADkur" title="Bæjarútgerð Reykjavíkur">Bæjarútgerð Reykjavíkur</a> árið 1947. Stjórnin féll vegna deilna um <a href="/wiki/Keflav%C3%ADkursamningurinn" title="Keflavíkursamningurinn">Keflavíkursamninginn</a> við Bandaríkjastjórn um rekstur <a href="/wiki/Keflav%C3%ADkurflugv%C3%B6llur" title="Keflavíkurflugvöllur">Keflavíkurflugvallar</a>. Eftir fjárfestingar nýsköpunaráranna lenti Ísland í alvarlegum gjaldeyrisskorti svo <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti_Stef%C3%A1ns_J%C3%B3hanns_Stef%C3%A1nssonar" title="Ráðuneyti Stefáns Jóhanns Stefánssonar">ný ríkisstjórn</a> Alþýðuflokks, Sjálfstæðisflokks og Framsóknarflokks, varð að grípa til mjög óvinsælla <a href="/wiki/Gjaldeyrish%C3%B6ft" title="Gjaldeyrishöft">gjaldeyrishafta</a>, innflutningshafta og <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6mmtun" title="Skömmtun">skömmtunar</a> á öllum sviðum.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 1949 gerðist Ísland stofnaðili að varnarbandalaginu <a href="/wiki/NAT%C3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="NATÓ">NATÓ</a> og gekk þannig af þeirri hlutleysisstefnu sem hafði verið fylgt í utanríkismálum. Samningurinn var umdeildur og <a href="/wiki/%C3%93eir%C3%B0irnar_%C3%A1_Austurvelli_1949" title="Óeirðirnar á Austurvelli 1949">urðu átök við samþykkt hans</a>. Ísland gerði varnarsamning við Bandaríkin sem fól í sér stofnun <a href="/wiki/Varnarli%C3%B0_%C3%8Dslands" title="Varnarlið Íslands">Varnarliðs Íslands</a> og byggingu <a href="/wiki/Keflav%C3%ADkurst%C3%B6%C3%B0in" title="Keflavíkurstöðin">herstöðvar á Miðnesheiði</a>. Ennfremur hlaut landið styrk í formi <a href="/wiki/Marshall-a%C3%B0sto%C3%B0in" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall-aðstoðin">Marshall-aðstoðarinnar</a>. Fyrir styrkinn keyptu stjórnvöld fjölda togara og sjávarútvegur efldist, keypt voru landbúnaðartæki, tvær virkjanir (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sogsvirkjun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sogsvirkjun (síða er ekki enn til)">Sogsvirkjun</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lax%C3%A1rvirkjun" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxárvirkjun">Laxárvirkjun</a>) voru byggðar og <a href="/wiki/%C3%81bur%C3%B0arverksmi%C3%B0ja_r%C3%ADkisins" class="mw-redirect" title="Áburðarverksmiðja ríkisins">Áburðarverksmiðja ríkisins</a> var reist í <a href="/wiki/Gufunes" title="Gufunes">Gufunesi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0leikh%C3%BAsi%C3%B0" title="Þjóðleikhúsið">Þjóðleikhúsið</a> var vígt í Reykjavík árið 1950, en bygging þess hófst árið 1929. Herstöðin og vera varnarliðsins þar voru mjög umdeild og lituðu stjórnmálaátök á Íslandi allan síðari hluta 20. aldar. Varnarliðið var leyst upp og herstöðin afhent íslenskum yfirvöldum árið 2006. </p><p>Á styrjaldarárunum og fyrstu árin eftir stríð varð mikil fólksfjölgun í Reykjavík vegna aðflutnings frá öðrum landshlutum. Árið 1933 bjó um þriðjungur landsmanna á <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borgarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Höfuðborgarsvæðið">Höfuðborgarsvæðinu</a> en árið 1958 fór hlutfallið í fyrsta sinn yfir 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-hagstofan_íbúar_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagstofan_íbúar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Húsnæðisekla var stöðugt vandamál í borginni og eftir stríðið bjó fólk lengi í <a href="/wiki/Braggi" title="Braggi">bröggum</a> sem herirnir höfðu skilið eftir sig. Stéttarfélögin voru leiðandi í byggingu á ódýru húsnæði eftir stríð í <a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%AD%C3%B0ar" title="Hlíðar">Hlíðum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vesturb%C3%A6r_Reykjav%C3%ADkur" title="Vesturbær Reykjavíkur">Vesturbænum</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og árið 1966 hófst bygging nýrra íbúðahverfa í <a href="/wiki/Brei%C3%B0holt" title="Breiðholt">Breiðholti</a>, austan við Elliðaár.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nágrannabærinn <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3pavogur" title="Kópavogur">Kópavogur</a> sem varð sérstakt sveitarfélag árið 1948 óx að sama skapi hratt eftir stríð. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitaveita_Reykjav%C3%ADkur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitaveita Reykjavíkur (síða er ekki enn til)">Hitaveita Reykjavíkur</a> var stofnuð 1933 til að dæla heitu vatni til húshitunar frá <a href="/wiki/Mosfellssveit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosfellssveit">Mosfellssveit</a>. Á styrjaldarárunum reisti hún stóra miðlunargeyma efst á <a href="/wiki/%C3%96skjuhl%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Öskjuhlíð">Öskjuhlíð</a> og 1950 var yfir helmingur heimila í Reykjavík tengdur hitaveitunni. Árið 1970 var þetta hlutfall komið yfir 90%.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Styrjöldin og innflutningur vinnuvéla leiddu til mikilla samgöngubóta um allt land: gerðir voru stórir flugvellir í Reykjavík og á Miðnesheiði; og eftir stríð voru reistir flugvellir í Vestmannaeyjum, á Egilsstöðum og Akureyri. Nýir bæir mynduðust við helstu samgönguleiðir í rótgrónum landbúnaðarhéruðum, eins og á <a href="/wiki/Selfoss" title="Selfoss">Selfossi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Egilssta%C3%B0ir" title="Egilsstaðir">Egilsstöðum</a>. Gerð <a href="/wiki/Hringvegurinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hringvegurinn">Hringvegarins</a> lauk þegar <a href="/wiki/Skei%C3%B0ar%C3%A1rbr%C3%BA" title="Skeiðarárbrú">Skeiðarárbrú</a> var tekin í notkun árið 1974. </p><p>Árið 1959 tók <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0reisnarstj%C3%B3rnin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viðreisnarstjórnin">Viðreisnarstjórn Sjálfstæðisflokks og Alþýðuflokks</a> við völdum. Eitt af fyrstu verkum stjórnarinnar var að semja um frið við Breta í <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorskastr%C3%AD%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Þorskastríð">þorskastríðinu</a> sem hófst eftir að Íslendingar stækkuðu <a href="/wiki/Fiskvei%C3%B0il%C3%B6gsaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiskveiðilögsaga">fiskveiðilögsögu</a> sína í 12 mílur árið 1959. Stjórnin lagði grunn að <a href="/w/index.php?title=St%C3%B3ri%C3%B0ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stóriðja (síða er ekki enn til)">stóriðjustefnu</a> með því að stofna <a href="/wiki/Landsvirkjun" title="Landsvirkjun">Landsvirkjun</a> 1965, reisa <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BArfellsvirkjun" title="Búrfellsvirkjun">Búrfellsvirkjun</a> og gera samninga við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alusuisse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alusuisse (síða er ekki enn til)">Alusuisse</a> um byggingu <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lver" title="Álver">álvers</a> í <a href="/wiki/Straumsv%C3%ADk" title="Straumsvík">Straumsvík</a> sem var vígt árið 1970. Stjórnin dró líka úr innflutnings- og gjaldeyrishöftum og árið 1970 gekk Ísland í <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%ADverslunarsamt%C3%B6k_Evr%C3%B3pu" title="Fríverslunarsamtök Evrópu">Fríverslunarsamtök Evrópu</a> (EFTA) sem stuðla átti að frjálsri verslun. Árið eftir var samið um lausn <a href="/wiki/Handritam%C3%A1li%C3%B0" title="Handritamálið">Handritamálsins</a> og Danir afhentu Íslendingum fjölda handrita úr <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rnasafn" class="mw-redirect" title="Árnasafn">Árnasafni</a> sem urðu grunnur að <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rnastofnun" class="mw-redirect" title="Árnastofnun">Árnastofnun</a>. Árið 1972 hófst nýtt þorskastríð við Breta þegar Íslendingar stækkuðu fiskveiðilögsöguna í 50 mílur, en samningar náðust árið eftir. Síðasta þorskastríðið hófst þegar Íslendingar stækkuðu fiskveiðilögsöguna í 200 mílur árið 1975. Ári áður var <a href="/w/index.php?title=1100_%C3%A1ra_afm%C3%A6li_%C3%8Dslandsbygg%C3%B0ar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1100 ára afmæli Íslandsbyggðar (síða er ekki enn til)">1100 ára afmæli Íslandsbyggðar</a> minnst með hátíðarhöldum um allt land. Þá var ákveðið að reisa <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0arb%C3%B3khla%C3%B0an" class="mw-redirect" title="Þjóðarbókhlaðan">Þjóðarbókhlöðu</a> yfir sameinað safn <a href="/wiki/Landsb%C3%B3kasafn" class="mw-redirect" title="Landsbókasafn">Landsbókasafns</a> og bókasafns Háskóla Íslands. Byggingin tók lengri tíma en áætlað var og var fyrst tekin í notkun árið 1994. Árið 1973 var leiðtogafundur <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> Frakklandsforseta og <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> Bandaríkjaforseta haldinn á nýreistum <a href="/wiki/Kjarvalssta%C3%B0ir" title="Kjarvalsstaðir">Kjarvalsstöðum</a> í Reykjavík. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jafnr%C3%A9ttisbar%C3%A1tta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jafnréttisbarátta (síða er ekki enn til)">Jafnréttisbarátta</a> setti svip sinn á stjórnmál 8. áratugarins og <a href="/wiki/Rau%C3%B0sokkahreyfingin" title="Rauðsokkahreyfingin">Rauðsokkahreyfingin</a> var stofnuð 1970. <a href="/wiki/Vigd%C3%ADs_Finnbogad%C3%B3ttir" title="Vigdís Finnbogadóttir">Vigdís Finnbogadóttir</a> varð fyrsti kjörni kvenkyns þjóðarleiðtogi heims þegar hún sigraði <a href="/wiki/Forsetakosningar_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Forsetakosningar á Íslandi 1980">forsetakosningar 1980</a> og nýr stjórnmálaflokkur, <a href="/wiki/Kvennalistinn" title="Kvennalistinn">Kvennalistinn</a>, var stofnaður 1983. Árið 1986 var annar <a href="/wiki/Lei%C3%B0togafundurinn_%C3%AD_H%C3%B6f%C3%B0a" title="Leiðtogafundurinn í Höfða">leiðtogafundur</a> haldinn í Höfða í Reykjavík, þar sem aðalritari Sovéska kommúnistaflokksins, <a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%ADl_Gorbatsjev" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhaíl Gorbatsjev">Mikhaíl Gorbatsjev</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> Bandaríkjaforseti, hittust. Fundurinn var mikilvægur liður í þíðu samskipta Bandaríkjanna og Sovétríkjanna undir lok <a href="/wiki/Kalda_str%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Kalda stríðið">Kalda stríðsins</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EES,_einkavæðing_og_bankahrun"><span id="EES.2C_einkav.C3.A6.C3.B0ing_og_bankahrun"></span>EES, einkavæðing og bankahrun</h3></div> <p>Á 9. áratug 20. aldar hófst vinna við að aflétta ýmsum höftum sem verið höfðu við lýði frá kreppuárunum og breyta lagaumhverfinu til samræmis við þróunina í nágrannalöndunum. Árið 1986 var einkaleyfi <a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" class="mw-redirect" title="RÚV">RÚV</a> á útvarps- og sjónvarpsrekstri afnumið og árið 1989 var sala <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B3r" title="Bjór">bjórs</a> heimiluð í fyrsta sinn frá 1915. Um 1990 var mikið rætt um nauðsyn þess að efla <a href="/wiki/Sveitarf%C3%A9lag" title="Sveitarfélag">sveitarstjórnir</a> og skapa færri og stærri sveitarfélög. Hlutur <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borgarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Höfuðborgarsvæðið">Höfuðborgarsvæðisins</a> í mannfjölda tók að vaxa um miðjan 9. áratuginn og náði yfir 60% í fyrsta sinn árið 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-hagstofan_íbúar_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagstofan_íbúar-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mörg sveitarfélög sameinuðust á þessum árum<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og árið 1996 var rekstur <a href="/wiki/Grunnsk%C3%B3li" title="Grunnskóli">grunnskóla</a> fluttur til þeirra frá ríkinu.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fyrsta_r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0s_Oddssonar" title="Fyrsta ráðuneyti Davíðs Oddssonar">Ríkisstjórn Sjálfstæðisflokks og Alþýðuflokks</a> sem tók við völdum 1991 réðist í miklar breytingar á rekstrarumhverfi ríkisstofnana, afnam æviráðningu ríkisstarfsmanna<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og innleiddi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jafnr%C3%A6%C3%B0isregla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jafnræðisregla (síða er ekki enn til)">jafnræðisreglu</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andm%C3%A6lar%C3%A9ttur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andmælaréttur (síða er ekki enn til)">andmælarétt</a> með nýjum stjórnsýslulögum 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 1994 gerði Ísland samning um <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pska_efnahagssv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Evrópska efnahagssvæðið">Evrópska efnahagssvæðið</a> (EES) og sama ár var nýjum og breyttum <a href="/wiki/Mannr%C3%A9ttindi" title="Mannréttindi">mannréttindaákvæðum</a> bætt við <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnarskr%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjórnarskrá Íslands">stjórnarskrá Íslands</a> á hátíðarfundi á Þingvöllum í tilefni af <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldish%C3%A1t%C3%AD%C3%B0in_1994" title="Lýðveldishátíðin 1994">50 ára afmæli lýðveldisins</a>. Inngangan í EES hafði mikil áhrif á íslenskt viðskipta- og lagaumhverfi næstu áratugi. Sama ríkisstjórn hóf umfangsmikið <a href="/wiki/Einkav%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="Einkavæðing">einkavæðingarferli</a> með stofnun <a href="/wiki/Framkv%C3%A6mdanefnd_um_einkav%C3%A6%C3%B0ingu" title="Framkvæmdanefnd um einkavæðingu">framkvæmdanefndar um einkavæðingu</a>. Miklar deilur stóðu um sölu ríkiseigna á vegum nefndarinnar, en mestar þó um sölu <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADminn" title="Síminn">Símans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Dslenskir_a%C3%B0alverktakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Íslenskir aðalverktakar (síða er ekki enn til)">Íslenskra aðalverktaka</a> og <a href="/wiki/Einkav%C3%A6%C3%B0ing_bankanna_2002" title="Einkavæðing bankanna 2002">hlutar ríkisins í bönkunum</a>: <a href="/wiki/Landsbankinn" title="Landsbankinn">Landsbankanum</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAna%C3%B0arbankinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Búnaðarbankinn">Búnaðarbankanum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A1rfestingarbanki_atvinnul%C3%ADfsins" title="Fjárfestingarbanki atvinnulífsins">Fjárfestingarbanka atvinnulífsins</a>. Stjórnvöld voru meðal annars gagnrýnd fyrir að reyna að stýra því hverjir fengju að eignast þessi fyrirtæki út frá pólitískum forsendum.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Árið 1995 tók fyrsta ríkisstjórnin í röð <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADkisstj%C3%B3rnir_Sj%C3%A1lfst%C3%A6%C3%B0is-_og_Frams%C3%B3knarflokks_1995_%E2%80%93_2007" title="Ríkisstjórnir Sjálfstæðis- og Framsóknarflokks 1995 – 2007">ríkisstjórna Sjálfstæðisflokks og Framsóknarflokks</a> við völdum. Upp úr aldamótunum 2000 hófst undirbúningur að vinnu við <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1rahnj%C3%BAkavirkjun" title="Kárahnjúkavirkjun">stóra vatnsaflsvirkjun</a> á <a href="/wiki/Austurland" title="Austurland">Austurlandi</a>. Lítil efnahagskreppa varð í kjölfar þess að <a href="/wiki/Netb%C3%B3lan" title="Netbólan">Netbólan</a> sprakk og íslensk hátæknifyrirtæki á borð við <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oz_hf.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oz hf. (síða er ekki enn til)">Oz hf.</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_erf%C3%B0agreining" title="Íslensk erfðagreining">Íslenska erfðagreiningu</a> hrundu í verði á hlutabréfamörkuðum árið 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 2004 hófst vinna við Kárahnjúkavirkjun og sama ár upphófst mikil mótmælaalda gegn virkjanaframkvæmdunum. Námskeið voru haldin í <a href="/wiki/Borgaraleg_%C3%B3hl%C3%BD%C3%B0ni" title="Borgaraleg óhlýðni">borgaralegri óhlýðni</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og alþjóðleg samtök á borð við <a href="/wiki/Saving_Iceland" title="Saving Iceland">Saving Iceland</a> beittu sér í <a href="/wiki/Beinar_a%C3%B0ger%C3%B0ir" title="Beinar aðgerðir">beinum aðgerðum</a> gegn vinnuvélum verktaka á Austurlandi.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Um leið og vinna við virkjunina hófst tók að bera á einkennum þenslu í íslensku efnahagslífi. Hinir nýeinkavæddu bankar léku lykilhlutverk í uppgangi efnahagslífsins á þessum árum og útlán þeirra margfölduðust að umfangi, meðal annars vegna <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska_%C3%BAtr%C3%A1sin" title="Íslenska útrásin">viðskipta stórra eigenda þeirra erlendis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erlendir greiningaraðilar á borð við <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0agjaldeyrissj%C3%B3%C3%B0urinn" title="Alþjóðagjaldeyrissjóðurinn">Alþjóðagjaldeyrissjóðinn</a> vöruðu við þessum vexti íslenska fjármálakerfisins en talsmenn bankanna og margir íslenskir stjórnmálamenn gerðu lítið úr þeim áhyggjum.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Árið 2007 tók við <a href="/wiki/Fyrsta_r%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti_Geirs_Haarde" title="Fyrsta ráðuneyti Geirs Haarde">ríkisstjórn Sjálfstæðisflokks og Samfylkingar</a> sem tókst illa að stemma stigu við útþenslu bankakerfisins og <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%B0b%C3%B3lga" title="Verðbólga">verðbólgu</a> sem óx hratt fram á vormánuði 2008, þrátt fyrir stýrivaxtahækkanir <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%B0labanki_%C3%8Dslands" title="Seðlabanki Íslands">Seðlabanka Íslands</a> sem voru komnir í 15,5% þá um vorið.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0lega_fj%C3%A1rm%C3%A1lakreppan_2007-2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Alþjóðlega fjármálakreppan 2007-2008">Alþjóðlega fjármálakreppan 2007-2008</a> sem stafaði af <a href="/wiki/Undirm%C3%A1lsl%C3%A1n" title="Undirmálslán">undirmálslánum</a> á bandarískum fasteignamarkaði olli því að <a href="/w/index.php?title=Millibankal%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millibankalán (síða er ekki enn til)">millibankalán</a> stöðvuðust tímabundið. Íslensku bankarnir voru háðir því að endurfjármagna stór erlend lán sín og urðu <a href="/wiki/Gjald%C3%BErot" title="Gjaldþrot">gjaldþrota</a> einn af öðrum. <a href="/wiki/Bankahruni%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankahrunið">Bankahrunið</a> hófst með því að <a href="/wiki/Glitnir_banki" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitnir banki">Glitnir banki</a> (arftaki Íslandsbanka) gat ekki greitt af lánum á gjalddaga í október 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Í kjölfarið féllu Landsbankinn og <a href="/wiki/KB_Banki" class="mw-redirect" title="KB Banki">KB Banki</a> (arftaki Búnaðarbankans) og margar minni fjármálastofnanir, eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparisj%C3%B3%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sparisjóður (síða er ekki enn til)">sparisjóðir</a>, urðu gjaldþrota. Bankahrunið olli <a href="/wiki/Efnahagskreppan_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi_2008%E2%80%932011" title="Efnahagskreppan á Íslandi 2008–2011">efnahagskreppu</a> sem stóð næstu þrjú árin. Haustið 2008 hófst <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6lin_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi_%C3%AD_kj%C3%B6lfar_efnahagskreppunnar_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Mótmælin á Íslandi í kjölfar efnahagskreppunnar 2008">hrina mótmæla</a> við Alþingishúsið á Austurvelli sem var kölluð <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAs%C3%A1haldabyltingin" title="Búsáhaldabyltingin">Búsáhaldabyltingin</a> þar sem fólk barði í potta og pönnur til að láta óánægju sína í ljós. Í janúar 2009 féll ríkisstjórnin þegar <a href="/wiki/Samfylkingin" title="Samfylkingin">Samfylkingin</a> ákvað að draga sig út úr stjórnarsamstarfinu. </p><p>Eftir fall stjórnarinnar var mynduð tímabundin minnihlutastjórn Samfylkingar og Vinstri Grænna undir forsæti <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3hanna_Sigur%C3%B0ard%C3%B3ttir" title="Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir">Jóhönnu Sigurðardóttur</a> fram að <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingiskosningar_2009" title="Alþingiskosningar 2009">kosningum</a> þar sem þessir flokkar náðu meirihluta þingsæta. Ríkisstjórnin stóð frammi fyrir erfiðum verkefnum í kjölfar hrunsins, sérstaklega samningum um uppgjör skulda föllnu bankanna við erlenda kröfuhafa. Eitt stærsta málið af því tagi snerist um ábyrgð íslenska ríkisins á innlánum KB Banka í Bretlandi sem nefndust <a href="/wiki/Icesave" title="Icesave">IceSave</a>. Stjórnin bjó til embætti <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rstakur_saks%C3%B3knari" title="Sérstakur saksóknari">sérstaks saksóknara</a> til að rannsaka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hrunm%C3%A1lin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrunmálin (síða er ekki enn til)">hrunmálin</a>. Nokkur fjöldi framámanna í íslensku viðskiptalífi fékk fangelsisdóma næstu árin vegna ýmissa brota. Hluta þeirra tókst að fá mál sín endurupptekin eftir dóm <a href="/wiki/Mannr%C3%A9ttindad%C3%B3mst%C3%B3ll_Evr%C3%B3pu" title="Mannréttindadómstóll Evrópu">Mannréttindadómstóls Evrópu</a> sem gagnrýndi málsmeðferð og skort á hlutleysi dómara sem sjálfir áttu hluti í föllnu bönkunum.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stjórnin réðist í fleiri stór mál til að takast á við áfallið eftir hrun, eins og <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnlaga%C3%BEing_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi_2011" title="Stjórnlagaþing á Íslandi 2011">breytingar á stjórnarskránni</a>, og hóf <a href="/wiki/A%C3%B0ildarvi%C3%B0r%C3%A6%C3%B0ur_%C3%8Dslands_vi%C3%B0_Evr%C3%B3pusambandi%C3%B0" title="Aðildarviðræður Íslands við Evrópusambandið">aðildarviðræður við Evrópusambandið</a>. Þetta síðasta reyndist vera mjög óvinsælt innan VG og nokkrir þingmenn flokksins hættu stuðningi við stjórnina í kjölfarið. Undir það síðasta var stjórnin því orðin minnihlutastjórn sem var varin falli af þingmönnum annarra flokka. Í <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingiskosningar_2013" title="Alþingiskosningar 2013">Alþingiskosningurm 2013</a> biðu báðir stjórnarflokkarnir afhroð og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1%C3%B0uneyti_Sigmundar_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0s_Gunnlaugssonar" title="Ráðuneyti Sigmundar Davíðs Gunnlaugssonar">ný ríkisstjórn Sjálfstæðisflokks og Framsóknarflokks</a> tók við völdum. Mjög margir nýir flokkar og stjórnmálahreyfingar urðu til í kjölfar Bankahrunsins, eins og <a href="/wiki/Borgarahreyfingin" title="Borgarahreyfingin">Borgarahreyfingin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagsmunasamt%C3%B6k_heimilanna" title="Hagsmunasamtök heimilanna">Hagsmunasamtök heimilanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heimss%C3%BDn" title="Heimssýn">Heimssýn</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADratar" title="Píratar">Píratar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rt_framt%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Björt framtíð">Björt framtíð</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besti_flokkurinn" title="Besti flokkurinn">Besti flokkurinn</a> og <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BE%C3%BD%C3%B0ufylkingin" title="Alþýðufylkingin">Alþýðufylkingin</a>. Nokkuð fjölmenn mótmæli urðu á Austurvelli í kjölfar þess að ríkisstjórnin <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tm%C3%A6lin_gegn_afturk%C3%B6llun_ums%C3%B3knar_um_a%C3%B0ild_%C3%8Dslands_a%C3%B0_Evr%C3%B3pusambandinu" title="Mótmælin gegn afturköllun umsóknar um aðild Íslands að Evrópusambandinu">dró aðildarumsókn að Evrópusambandinu til baka</a> árið 2014. Ríkisstjórnin féll svo árið 2016 vegna uppljóstrana í <a href="/wiki/Panamaskj%C3%B6lin" title="Panamaskjölin">Panamaskjölunum</a> um eignarhlut forsætisráðherra, <a href="/wiki/Sigmundur_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Gunnlaugsson" title="Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson">Sigmundar Davíðs Gunnlaugssonar</a>, í aflandsfélaginu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wintris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wintris (síða er ekki enn til)">Wintris</a>. Næstu ár klofnaði Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn við stofnun <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0reisn" title="Viðreisn">Viðreisnar</a>, meðal annar vegna deilna um Evrópusambandsaðild, og <a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0flokkurinn" class="mw-disambig" title="Miðflokkurinn">Miðflokkurinn</a> var stofnaður af Sigmundi Davíð og fylgismönnum hans eftir að hann tapaði formannsslag í Framsóknarflokknum árið 2016. </p><p>Þrátt fyrir efnahagskreppuna voru tvö stór tónlistarhús tekin í notkun á þessum árum: <a href="/wiki/Menningarh%C3%BAsi%C3%B0_Hof" title="Menningarhúsið Hof">Menningarhúsið Hof</a> á Akureyri 2010 og <a href="/wiki/Harpa_(t%C3%B3nlistarh%C3%BAs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpa (tónlistarhús)">Harpa</a> í Reykjavík 2011. Árið 2010 varð <a href="/wiki/Eldgosi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kli_2010" title="Eldgosið í Eyjafjallajökli 2010">eldgos í Eyjafjallajökli</a> sem olli miklum truflunum á flugsamgöngum í Norður- og Vestur-Evrópu. Meðal viðbragða á Íslandi var stofnun opinbera hlutafélagsins <a href="/wiki/Isavia" title="Isavia">Isavia</a> til að taka við allri flugþjónustu á landinu. Næstu ár óx fjöldi ferðamanna til Íslands hratt, <a href="/wiki/Fer%C3%B0a%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferðaþjónusta">ferðaþjónusta</a> var orðin 8,2% af vergri landsframleiðslu árið 2016<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og hlutur hennar í gjaldeyristekjum 42% árið 2017, langtum meiri en hlutur stóriðju og sjávarútvegs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erlendum ferðamönnum til landsins fjölgaði úr 460.000 árið 2010 í 2,2 milljónir árið 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferðaþjónustan átti því mikinn þátt í endurreisn íslensks efnahagslífs eftir Bankahrunið. <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldurinn_2019-2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019-2021">Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019-2021</a> hafði að sama skapi mjög neikvæð áhrif á efnahagslífið þar sem komur erlendra ferðamanna lögðust um tíma nánast af með öllu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landfræði"><span id="Landfr.C3.A6.C3.B0i"></span>Landfræði</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Map_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_of_Iceland.svg/220px-Map_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_of_Iceland.svg/330px-Map_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Map_of_Iceland.svg/440px-Map_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="1489" /></a><figcaption>Kort.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Iceland_sat_cleaned.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Iceland_sat_cleaned.png/250px-Iceland_sat_cleaned.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Iceland_sat_cleaned.png/375px-Iceland_sat_cleaned.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Iceland_sat_cleaned.png/500px-Iceland_sat_cleaned.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption>Samsett <a href="/wiki/Gervihnattarmynd" title="Gervihnattarmynd">gervihnattarmynd</a> af Íslandi</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Landafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i_%C3%8Dslands" title="Landafræði Íslands">Landafræði Íslands</a></div> <p>Ísland er staðsett á <a href="/wiki/Heitur_reitur" title="Heitur reitur">heitum reit</a> á <a href="/wiki/Atlantshafshryggurinn" title="Atlantshafshryggurinn">Atlantshafshryggnum</a>. Ísland liggur á tveimur jarðskorpuflekum, Norður-Ameríkuflekanum og Evrasíuflekanum. Eyjan er 102.800 ferkílómetrar að stærð sem gerir hana að aðra stærstu eyju Evrópu, á eftir <a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretlandi</a>. Landið telst sögulega til <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Evrópa">Evrópu</a>. </p><p>Á Íslandi eru tugir virkra <a href="/wiki/Eldfj%C3%B6ll_%C3%8Dslands" title="Eldfjöll Íslands">eldfjalla</a> og ber þar helst að nefna <a href="/wiki/Hekla" title="Hekla">Heklu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katla" title="Katla">Kötlu</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADmsv%C3%B6tn" title="Grímsvötn">Grímsvötn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0h%C3%A1lendi%C3%B0" title="Miðhálendið">Miðhálendið</a> þekur um 40% landsins og er um það bil 10% eyjarinnar er undir <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6klar_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Jöklar á Íslandi">jöklum</a>. Á Íslandi eru <a href="/wiki/Hver" title="Hver">hverir</a> víða, og gnótt jarðhita færir íbúunum heitt vatn, sem meðal annars er notað til húshitunar. </p><p>Eyjan er vogskorin, og flestir bæir standa við <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur" title="Fjörður">firði</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADk" title="Vík">víkur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vogur" title="Vogur">voga</a>. Helstu þéttbýlisstaðir eru <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borg" title="Höfuðborg">höfuðborgin</a> <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, nágrannasveitarfélögin <a href="/wiki/Hafnarfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur" title="Hafnarfjörður">Hafnarfjörður</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3pavogur" title="Kópavogur">Kópavogur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ab%C3%A6r" title="Garðabær">Garðabær</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mosfellsb%C3%A6r" title="Mosfellsbær">Mosfellsbær</a>; saman eru þeir kallaður <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borgarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Höfuðborgarsvæðið">höfuðborgarsvæðið</a> og eru um 64% íbúanna búsettir á því svæði. Meðal stærri þéttbýlisstaða utan höfuðborgarsvæðisins er <a href="/wiki/Keflav%C3%ADk" title="Keflavík">Keflavík</a>, þar sem einn af alþjóðlegum flugvöllum landsins er og <a href="/wiki/Akureyri" title="Akureyri">Akureyri</a>. <a href="/wiki/Selfoss" title="Selfoss">Selfoss</a> og <a href="/wiki/Akranes" title="Akranes">Akranes</a> eru vaxandi byggðir. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ystu_punktar_%C3%8Dslands" title="Ystu punktar Íslands">Ystu punktar Íslands</a> eru þeir staðir sem eru lengst til höfuðáttanna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dýralíf"><span id="D.C3.BDral.C3.ADf"></span>Dýralíf</h3></div> <p>Á Íslandi eru <a href="/wiki/Fuglar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuglar">fuglar</a> mest áberandi og hafa sést á landinu <a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_fugla_%C3%8Dslands" title="Listi yfir fugla Íslands">330 tegundir</a>. Þar af verpa 85 tegundir<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og um 57 hafa vetursetu.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meðal þeirra eru <a href="/wiki/%C3%86%C3%B0arfugl" title="Æðarfugl">æðarfugl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snj%C3%B3tittlingur" title="Snjótittlingur">snjótittlingur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rj%C3%BApa" title="Rjúpa">rjúpa</a> og <a href="/wiki/Hrafn" title="Hrafn">hrafn</a>. Aðrir fuglar sem eru taldir einkenna náttúru Íslands eru til dæmis <a href="/wiki/Lundi" title="Lundi">lundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BDll" title="Fýll">fýll</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1lki" title="Fálki">fálki</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%ADa" title="Kría">kría</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geirfugl" title="Geirfugl">Geirfugli</a> var útrýmt á Íslandi á 19. öld. Votlendi á Íslandi er mikilvægt varpsvæði margra tegunda <a href="/wiki/Anda%C3%A6tt" title="Andaætt">andfugla</a> á heimsvísu. <a href="/wiki/Heimskautarefur" title="Heimskautarefur">Heimskautarefur</a> er eina landspendýrið sem barst til Íslands fyrir landnám manna að talið er. Meðal annarra villtra spendýra eru <a href="/wiki/Hreind%C3%BDr" title="Hreindýr">hreindýr</a> sem flutt voru til landsins á síðari hluta 18. aldar, en búsvæði þeirra eru á heiðum á Austurlandi. <a href="/wiki/Minkur" title="Minkur">Minkur</a> er svo annað dýr sem flutt var inn til ræktunar á fyrri hluta 20. aldar en dýr sem sluppu úr búrum hafa lifað síðan villt. Meðal nagdýra eru <a href="/wiki/Hagam%C3%BAs" title="Hagamús">hagamús</a> og <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BAnrotta" title="Brúnrotta">rottur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kan%C3%ADnur" title="Kanínur">Kanínur</a> lifa villtar í nokkrum skógum á Íslandi og í nágrenni við mannabyggð.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tugir tegunda <a href="/wiki/Hvalir" title="Hvalir">hvala</a> halda sig við Ísland, sérstaklega á sumrin. Tegundir sem algengt er að sjá eru <a href="/wiki/Hrefna" title="Hrefna">hrefna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hn%C3%ADsa" title="Hnísa">hnísa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grindhvalur" title="Grindhvalur">grindhvalur</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1hyrningur" title="Háhyrningur">háhyrningur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andarnefja" title="Andarnefja">andarnefja</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BArhvalur" title="Búrhvalur">búrhvalur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hn%C3%BAfubakur" title="Hnúfubakur">hnúfubakur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langrey%C3%B0ur" title="Langreyður">langreyður</a> og <a href="/wiki/Steypirey%C3%B0ur" title="Steypireyður">steypireyður</a>. Sumar tegundir, eins og <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A9ttbakur" title="Sléttbakur">sléttbakur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mjaldur" title="Mjaldur">mjaldur</a> sjást mjög sjaldan.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tvær tegundir <a href="/wiki/Selir" class="mw-redirect" title="Selir">sela</a> kæpa við Ísland: <a href="/wiki/Landselur" title="Landselur">landselur</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atselur" title="Útselur">útselur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aðrar tegundir eins og <a href="/wiki/Kampselur" title="Kampselur">kampselur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Rostungur" title="Rostungur">rostungur</a> flækjast stundum til landsins og dvelja þar tímabundið. Áður lifði staðbundinn stofn rostunga við Ísland, en hann varð <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atdau%C3%B0i" title="Útdauði">útdauða</a> fljótlega eftir <a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1m_%C3%8Dslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Landnám Íslands">landnám</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gróður"><span id="Gr.C3.B3.C3.B0ur"></span>Gróður</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%B6ntur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Plöntur á Íslandi">Nálægt 500 háplöntur</a> má finna á Íslandi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skógar"><span id="Sk.C3.B3gar"></span>Skógar</h3></div> <p>Um 2% landsins eru vaxin skógi og kjarri. <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ilmreynir" title="Ilmreynir">Ilmreynir</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ilmbj%C3%B6rk" title="Ilmbjörk">ilmbjörk</a> ásamt hinni sjaldgæfu <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A6%C3%B6sp" title="Blæösp">blæösp</a> eru einu eiginlegu trén sem finna mátti eftir <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ds%C3%B6ld" title="Ísöld">ísöld</a>. Innfluttar trjátegundir sem sýnt hafa vaxtarþrótt vel eru m.a. <a href="/wiki/Sitkagreni" title="Sitkagreni">sitkagreni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska%C3%B6sp" title="Alaskaösp">alaskaösp</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stafafura" title="Stafafura">stafafura</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friðlýst_svæði"><span id="Fri.C3.B0l.C3.BDst_sv.C3.A6.C3.B0i"></span>Friðlýst svæði</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_fri%C3%B0l%C3%BDst_sv%C3%A6%C3%B0i_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Listi yfir friðlýst svæði á Íslandi">Listi yfir friðlýst svæði á Íslandi</a></div> <p>Friðlýst svæði á Íslandi eru yfir 130 talsins (2022) og skiptast í <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0gar%C3%B0ur" title="Þjóðgarður">þjóðgarða</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fri%C3%B0land" title="Friðland">friðlönd</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1tt%C3%BAruv%C3%A6tti" title="Náttúruvætti">náttúruvætti</a> og <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangur" title="Fólkvangur">fólkvanga</a>. Þau spanna nærri 27.000 ferkílómetra eða um 26% af landinu. Stærst þessara svæða er <a href="/wiki/Vatnaj%C3%B6kuls%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0gar%C3%B0ur" title="Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður">Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður</a> en hann er einn þriggja þjóðgarða landsins. Hugmyndir eru uppi að friða <a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0h%C3%A1lendi%C3%B0" title="Miðhálendið">Miðhálendið</a> en það yrði stærsti þjóðgarður Evrópu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stjórnmál"><span id="Stj.C3.B3rnm.C3.A1l"></span>Stjórnmál</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_stj%C3%B3rnm%C3%A1l" title="Íslensk stjórnmál">Íslensk stjórnmál</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Althingi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Althingi.png/220px-Althingi.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Althingi.png/330px-Althingi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Althingi.png/440px-Althingi.png 2x" data-file-width="1339" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>Þingfundur í fundarsal Alþingis.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ísland er <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi" title="Lýðveldi">lýðveldi</a> með þingbundinni stjórn. <a href="/wiki/Framkv%C3%A6mdavald" class="mw-redirect" title="Framkvæmdavald">Framkvæmdavaldið</a> liggur hjá <a href="/wiki/Forseti_%C3%8Dslands" title="Forseti Íslands">forseta</a> og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADkisstj%C3%B3rn_%C3%8Dslands" title="Ríkisstjórn Íslands">ríkisstjórn</a>. Æðsti maður ríkisstjórnar er <a href="/wiki/Fors%C3%A6tisr%C3%A1%C3%B0herra_%C3%8Dslands" title="Forsætisráðherra Íslands">forsætisráðherra</a>. Ríkisstjórnin ber ábyrgð gagnvart <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingi" title="Alþingi">Alþingi</a>, sem er handhafi <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6ggjafarvald" title="Löggjafarvald">löggjafarvaldsins</a> ásamt forseta. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3msvald" title="Dómsvald">Dómsvald</a> er í höndum <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B3mst%C3%B3lar_%C3%8Dslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dómstólar Íslands (síða er ekki enn til)">dómstóla</a>; æðsti dómstóll landsins er <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6stir%C3%A9ttur_%C3%8Dslands" title="Hæstiréttur Íslands">Hæstiréttur</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Forseti_%C3%8Dslands" title="Forseti Íslands">Forseti Íslands</a> er <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0h%C3%B6f%C3%B0ingi" title="Þjóðhöfðingi">þjóðhöfðingi</a> landsins og er þjóðkjörinn í beinni kosningu allra kjörbærra manna. Kjörtímabil hans er 4 ár. Forseti er ábyrgðarlaus á ríkisstjórnarathöfnum og lætur <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1%C3%B0herra" title="Ráðherra">ráðherra</a> framkvæma vald sitt. Hann veitir formönnum stjórnmálaflokka umboð til stjórnarmyndunar eftir kosningar til Alþingis og skipar ráðherra en oftast er þessu ferli í raun stýrt af stjórnmálaflokkunum sjálfum, aðeins þegar þeir geta ómögulega komist að niðurstöðu sjálfir nýtir forsetinn sér þetta vald og skipar sjálfur ríkisstjórn. Þetta hefur þó ekki gerst í sögu lýðveldisins en gerðist 1942 þegar <a href="/wiki/Sveinn_Bj%C3%B6rnsson" title="Sveinn Björnsson">Sveinn Björnsson</a>, þáverandi <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADkisstj%C3%B3ri_%C3%8Dslands" title="Ríkisstjóri Íslands">ríkisstjóri Íslands</a>, skipaði <a href="/wiki/Utan%C3%BEingsstj%C3%B3rn" title="Utanþingsstjórn">utanþingsstjórn</a>. Forseti Íslands hefur málskotsrétt gagnvart þinglögum samkvæmt stjórnarskrá og ber þá að efna til þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu en lögin taka samt gildi, þangað til þau eru afnumin eða staðfest með þjóðaratkvæði.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%93lafur_Ragnar_Gr%C3%ADmsson" title="Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson">Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson</a>, þáverandi forseti, nýtti sér málskotsréttinn fyrstur forseta á Íslandi, þegar hann neitaði að skrifa undir fjölmiðlalögin árið 2004. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingi" title="Alþingi">Alþingi</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6ggjafar%C3%BEing" title="Löggjafarþing">löggjafarþing</a> Íslands, starfar í einni deild. 63 þingmenn þess eru kjörnir hlutfallskosningu í 6 <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B6rd%C3%A6mi_%C3%8Dslands" title="Kjördæmi Íslands">kjördæmum</a>. Kjörtímabilið er 4 ár en getur verið styttra ef það kemur til þingrofs en vald til að rjúfa þing liggur hjá ríkisstjórninni. Ráðherrar eiga einnig sæti á Alþingi en hafa ekki atkvæðarétt nema þeir séu einnig þingmenn en sú er reyndar venjan. Alþingi velur sér forseta til að hafa yfirumsjón með fundum þess. Ríkisstjórnir á Íslandi eru nánast ávallt samsteypustjórnir tveggja eða fleiri flokka en einnig eru dæmi til um minnihlutastjórnir, einkum og sér í lagi vegna þess að enginn flokkur hefur hlotið hreinan meirihluta á þingi, í það minnsta ekki frá endurreisn lýðveldis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stjórnsýslueiningar"><span id="Stj.C3.B3rns.C3.BDslueiningar"></span>Stjórnsýslueiningar</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Sveitarf%C3%A9l%C3%B6g_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveitarfélög á Íslandi">Sveitarfélög á Íslandi</a></div> <p>Íslandi er skipt upp í 62 sveitarfélög sem eru einu formlegu stjórnsýslueiningar landsins og hafa víðtæk völd á sviði skólamála, skipulags, samgangna og félagsmála. <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> er langfjölmennasta sveitarfélagið með yfir 130.000 íbúa. <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3pavogur" title="Kópavogur">Kópavogur</a>, sem liggur að Reykjavík, er næstfjölmennasta sveitarfélagið með tæplega 40.000 íbúa. Sveitarfélögum hefur farið fækkandi síðustu ár og er stefnan að fækka þeim enn meira. </p><p>Íslandi er skipt upp í sex <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B6rd%C3%A6mi_%C3%8Dslands" title="Kjördæmi Íslands">kjördæmi</a> sem kjósa sína fulltrúa á <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingi" title="Alþingi">Alþingi</a>. </p><p>Frá 13. öld var Íslandi skipt upp í <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDslur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sýslur á Íslandi">sýslur</a> til umboðsstjórnar. Hinar gömlu landfræðilegu sýslur eru ekki lengur formlegar stjórnsýslueiningar á Íslandi. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDsluma%C3%B0ur" title="Sýslumaður">Sýslumenn</a> eru ennþá við lýði en umdæmi þeirra fylgja ekki gömlu sýsluskiptingunni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efnahagslíf"><span id="Efnahagsl.C3.ADf"></span>Efnahagslíf</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Efnahagur_%C3%8Dslands" title="Efnahagur Íslands">Efnahagur Íslands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Iceland_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Iceland_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Iceland_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Iceland_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/330px-Iceland_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Iceland_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/440px-Iceland_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Hlutfallslegt virði útflutningsafurða frá Íslandi árið 2019.</figcaption></figure> <p>Eitt af því sem einkennir efnahagslíf á Íslandi er mikil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atvinnu%C3%BE%C3%A1tttaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atvinnuþátttaka (síða er ekki enn til)">atvinnuþátttaka</a> og hefðbundið lítið <a href="/wiki/Atvinnuleysi" title="Atvinnuleysi">atvinnuleysi</a>, þótt það hafi hækkað tímabundið við efnahagsleg áföll eins og <a href="/wiki/Bankahruni%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankahrunið">Bankahrunið</a> 2008 (yfir 9%) og <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldurinn_2019-" class="mw-redirect" title="Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019-">Kórónaveirufaraldurinn 2019-</a> (yfir 6%). Árið 2022 var atvinnuþátttaka yfir 80%, sem er með því mesta sem gerist innan <a href="/wiki/OECD" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a>, og atvinnuleysi 3,7%.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9ttarf%C3%A9lag" title="Stéttarfélag">Stéttarfélagsaðild</a> er líka með því allra mesta sem gerist innan OECD, þar sem yfir 90% launþega eru í stéttarfélagi (Danmörk kemur næst með yfir 60%),<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meðal annars vegna <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADfeyrissj%C3%B3%C3%B0ur" title="Lífeyrissjóður">lífeyrissjóðsaðildar</a> og forgangsréttarsamninga við atvinnurekendur.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Þegar kemur að háskólamenntun fólks á vinnualdri eru Íslendingar yfir meðaltali OECD miðað við fólk á aldrinum 55-64 ára en undir meðaltalinu miðað við aldurinn 25-34 ára.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mun fleiri konur (yfir 50%) hafa aflað sér háskólamenntunar en karlar (innan við 40%)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sem skýrist meðal annars af sterkari tengingu menntunar kvenna við atvinnuþátttöku en hjá körlum.<sup id="cite_ref-OECDEducation_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECDEducation-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Um 40% námsmanna á Íslandi 18-24 ára vinna með námi, sem er langt yfir meðaltali OECD-ríkja (17%).<sup id="cite_ref-OECDEducation_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECDEducation-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heimsbankinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Heimsbankinn">Heimsbankinn</a> skilgreinir Ísland sem <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1tekjuland" title="Hátekjuland">hátekjuland</a> og almennt eru <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADfsg%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Lífsgæði">lífsgæði</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velmegun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velmegun (síða er ekki enn til)">velmegun</a> þar mikil. Ísland er í 15. sæti landa eftir vergri landsframleiðslu á mann, með tæplega 70.000 dala kaupmáttarjafnaða ársframleiðslu á mann. Landið er í 3. sæti <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsitala_um_%C3%BEr%C3%B3un_l%C3%ADfsg%C3%A6%C3%B0a" title="Vísitala um þróun lífsgæða">vísitölu um þróun lífsgæða</a> miðað við gögn frá 2021. Samkvæmt gögnum Heimsbankans frá 2017 mældist <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1t%C3%A6kt" title="Fátækt">fátækt</a> á Íslandi minni en á hinum Norðurlöndunum eða 8,8% (miðað við um 10% í Finnlandi og rúm 12% í Danmörku).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samkvæmt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gini-stu%C3%B0ull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gini-stuðull (síða er ekki enn til)">Gini-stuðli</a> eru bæði tekjujöfnuður og eignajöfnuður á Íslandi með því mesta sem gerist í heiminum (miðað við 2018).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Þessi mæling hefur verið gagnrýnd fyrir að vanmeta ójafnar fjármagnstekjur.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ísland býr við <a href="/wiki/Blanda%C3%B0_hagkerfi" title="Blandað hagkerfi">blandað hagkerfi</a> þar sem útgjöld hins opinbera eru um 45% af landsframleiðslu, sem er svipað og á hinum Norðurlöndunum.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%B0skiptafrelsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viðskiptafrelsi (síða er ekki enn til)">Viðskiptafrelsi</a> mælist hátt á Íslandi. </p><p>Ísland er með sjálfstæðan gjaldmiðil, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_kr%C3%B3na" title="Íslensk króna">íslenska krónu</a>, sem er viðkvæmur fyrir sveiflum á helstu mörkuðum landsins og gengissveiflum tengdra gjaldmiðla. <a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%B0b%C3%B3lga" title="Verðbólga">Verðbólguþrýstingur</a> er því oft mikill og hátt vaxtastig eitt af því sem einkennir fjármálamarkaði.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skylduaðild að lífeyrissjóðum sem taka til sín 12% af tekjum einstaklinga er líka eitt af einkennum íslensks efnahagslífs.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sjóðirnir eru mjög fyrirferðarmiklir á íslenskum hlutabréfamarkaði, meðal annars vegna lagalegra takmarkana á erlendar fjárfestingar þeirra. Samanlagðar eignir þeirra eru meira en helmingi meiri en verg landsframleiðsla.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deilt hefur verið um efnahagsleg áhrif sjóðanna í íslensku samfélagi og því hefur verið haldið fram að þeir viðhaldi háu vaxtastigi vegna kröfu um lágmarksarðsemi fjárfestinga.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fer%C3%B0a%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Ferðaþjónusta á Íslandi">Ferðaþjónusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1var%C3%BAtvegur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Sjávarútvegur á Íslandi">sjávarútvegur</a> og <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B3ri%C3%B0ja_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Stóriðja á Íslandi">orkufrekur iðnaður</a> eru þrjár helstu stoðir íslensks efnahagslífs.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hlutur sjávarútvegs í vergri landsframleiðslu var 6,7% árið 2022, hlutur ferðaþjónustu 6,1% og hlutur stóriðju í kringum 4% (7% ef hlutur orkuvinnslunnar er talin með). Útflutningstekjur af þessum þremur stoðum íslensks efnahagslífs voru nokkuð svipaðar það ár. Samanlagt stóðu þessir þrír geirar undir tæplega 2/3 af öllum útflutningstekjum landsins.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugverkai%C3%B0na%C3%B0ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugverkaiðnaður (síða er ekki enn til)">Hugverkaiðnaður</a> er ört vaxandi framleiðslugeiri á Íslandi þar sem hátæknifyrirtæki á borð við <a href="/wiki/Marel" title="Marel">Marel</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ssur_hf" title="Össur hf">Össur</a> hafa lengi verið áberandi, auk fyrirtækja á sviði lyfja- og lækningatækjaframleiðslu.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mikil gróska í <a href="/wiki/Skapandi_greinar" title="Skapandi greinar">skapandi greinum</a> er líka eitt af einkennum íslensks efnahagslífs. Árið 2021 voru skapandi greinar um 4% af landsframleiðslu og um 7% mannaflans störfuðu í þeim geira.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hlutur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fj%C3%A1rm%C3%A1la%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fjármálaþjónusta (síða er ekki enn til)">fjármálaþjónustu</a> er svipaður, eða um 5% af vergri landsframleiðslu.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hlutdeild <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenskur_landb%C3%BAna%C3%B0ur" title="Íslenskur landbúnaður">landbúnaðar</a> í landsframleiðslu var um 0,8% árið 2022 og <a href="/wiki/Fiskeldi" title="Fiskeldi">fiskeldis</a> um 0,5%.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tíu stærstu fyrirtæki landsins miðað við veltu voru, árið 2021: <a href="/wiki/Marel" title="Marel">Marel</a> (hátækni), <a href="/wiki/Hagar" title="Hagar">Hagar</a> (smásala), <a href="/wiki/Eimskip" class="mw-redirect" title="Eimskip">Eimskip</a> (sjóflutningar), <a href="/wiki/Festi" title="Festi">Festi</a> (smásala), <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ssur_hf" title="Össur hf">Össur</a> (hátækni), <a href="/wiki/Landsbankinn" title="Landsbankinn">Landsbankinn</a> (fjármálaþjónusta), <a href="/wiki/Alcoa_Fjar%C3%B0a%C3%A1l" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoa Fjarðaál">Alcoa Fjarðaál</a> (stóriðja), <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur%C3%A1l" title="Norðurál">Norðurál</a> (stjóriðja), <a href="/wiki/Arion_banki" title="Arion banki">Arion banki</a> (fjármálaþjónusta) og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslandsbanki" title="Íslandsbanki">Íslandsbanki</a> (fjármálaþjónusta).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tækni- og <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BDsk%C3%B6pun" title="Nýsköpun">nýsköpunarfyrirtæki</a> hafa aukið fjölbreytni íslensks atvinnulífs síðustu áratugi. Meðal þeirra eru fyrirtæki á sviði lækningaþjónustu og lækningavara eins og <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_erf%C3%B0agreining" title="Íslensk erfðagreining">Íslensk erfðagreining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Actavis" title="Actavis">Actavis</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kerecis" title="Kerecis">Kerecis</a>; hugbúnaðarþróunar eins og <a href="/wiki/CCP" title="CCP">CCP</a> og <a href="/wiki/Advania" title="Advania">Advania</a>; og líftækni eins og <a href="/wiki/Primex" title="Primex">Primex</a> og <a href="/wiki/ORF_L%C3%ADft%C3%A6kni" class="mw-redirect" title="ORF Líftækni">ORF Líftækni</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Íbúar"><span id=".C3.8Db.C3.BAar"></span>Íbúar</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Db%C3%BAar_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Íbúar á Íslandi">Íbúar á Íslandi</a></div> <p>Íslendingar eru í megindráttum <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0url%C3%B6nd" class="mw-redirect" title="Norðurlönd">norræn</a> þjóð. Landið byggðist upphaflega norrænum mönnum, einkum frá <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóð</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danm%C3%B6rk" title="Danmörk">Danmerkur</a> og <a href="/wiki/Keltar" title="Keltar">Keltum</a> frá nýlendum <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADkingar" title="Víkingar">víkinga</a> á <a href="/wiki/Bretlandseyjar" title="Bretlandseyjar">Bretlandseyjum</a> og Íslendingar hafa í gegnum tíðina átt mest samskipti við helstu fiskveiðiþjóðir á <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Atlantshaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Norður-Atlantshaf">Norður-Atlantshafi</a>. Til er kenning um að Íslendingar séu að uppruna sérstakur þjóðflokkur, aðgreindur frá öðrum þjóðflokkum á norðurlöndum („<a href="/wiki/Her%C3%BAlakenningin" title="Herúlakenningin">Herúlakenningin</a>“) en sú kenning hefur ekki fengið mikinn hljómgrunn. Á síðari tímum hafa ýmsar kenningar um uppruna þjóðarinnar verið settar fram með <a href="/wiki/Erf%C3%B0afr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Erfðafræði">erfðafræðilegum</a> rökum. Þá er talað um að flestar konur sem hingað komu hafi verið keltneskar (flestar ambáttir) en karlarnir að miklu leyti norrænir. </p><p>Íbúafjöldi landsins sveiflaðist á milli um 30.000 og 80.000 við hefðbundinn efnahag í bændasamfélagi fyrri alda <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1872752">.mw-parser-output .citation-needed-content{padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;color:#595959;border:1px solid #DDD}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation-needed-content{color:#808080}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation-needed-content{color:#808080}}</style><sup title="Heimild vantar" class="Template-Fact">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tilv%C3%ADsanir_%C3%AD_heimildir" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tilvísanir í heimildir">heimild vantar</a></i>]</sup>. Á <a href="/wiki/19._%C3%B6ldin" title="19. öldin">19.</a> og <a href="/wiki/20._%C3%B6ldin" title="20. öldin">20. öld</a> hefur Íslendingum fjölgað nokkuð ört og nú eru íbúar landsins að nálgast 400.000. Árið 2011 gaf <a href="/wiki/Hagstofa_%C3%8Dslands" title="Hagstofa Íslands">Hagstofa Íslands</a> út þrjár tegundir mannfjöldaspáa fyrir 1. janúar 2060: lágspá sem spáir fólksfjöldanum 386.500, miðspá sem spáir fyrir 436.500 og háspá sem spáir 493.800 manns.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nær 65% íbúa búa á <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6fu%C3%B0borgarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Höfuðborgarsvæðið">Höfuðborgarsvæðinu</a> eða um 250.000 manns (2023). Um 6% búa í strjálbýli, þ.e. í byggðakjörnum undir 200 manns. <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tungumál"><span id="Tungum.C3.A1l"></span>Tungumál</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg/220px-Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg/330px-Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg/440px-Plastic_recycling_bin_in_Reykjavik_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2084" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Grenndargámur fyrir plast með leiðbeiningum á íslensku, ensku og pólsku.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska" title="Íslenska">Íslenska</a> er móðurmál flestra íbúa og það mál sem er almennt talað á Íslandi. Íslenska er <a href="/wiki/Norr%C3%A6nt_m%C3%A1l" class="mw-redirect" title="Norrænt mál">norrænt mál</a> sem greindist frá <a href="/wiki/Fornnorska" title="Fornnorska">fornnorsku</a> á miðöldum og hefur síðan þá þróast áfram á Íslandi. Nafnorðabeygingar hafa viðhaldist í íslensku en lagst af að mestu í öðrum norrænum málum. Íslenska hefur haft tilhneigingu til að búa til <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BDyr%C3%B0i" title="Nýyrði">nýyrði</a> yfir ný hugtök, fremur en notast við <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6kuor%C3%B0" title="Tökuorð">tökuorð</a>. Þetta er ein afleiðing <a href="/wiki/Hreintungustefna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hreintungustefna">hreintungustefnu</a> sem hefur verið áberandi frá 19. öld. Íslenskt ritmál er skrifað með <a href="/wiki/Latneskt_stafr%C3%B3f" title="Latneskt stafróf">latnesku stafrófi</a> með nokkrum aukastöfum. Íslenska varð <a href="/wiki/Opinbert_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Opinbert tungumál">opinbert tungumál</a> á Íslandi með lögum sem sett voru árið 2011. Sömu lög skilgreina <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenskt_t%C3%A1knm%C3%A1l" title="Íslenskt táknmál">íslenskt táknmál</a> sem fyrsta mál þeirra sem á því þurfa að halda og barna þeirra. <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_m%C3%A1lnefnd" title="Íslensk málnefnd">Íslensk málnefnd</a> fer með ráðgjafarhlutverk varðandi málstefnu íslenska ríkisins og gefur út opinberar ritreglur. <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rnastofnun" class="mw-redirect" title="Árnastofnun">Árnastofnun</a> fæst við rannsóknir á íslensku máli, útgáfu <a href="/wiki/Or%C3%B0ab%C3%B3k" title="Orðabók">orðabóka</a> og verkefni á sviði <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1lt%C3%A6kni" title="Máltækni">máltækni</a>. </p><p>Mörg önnur tungumál eru töluð á Íslandi og samkvæmt Hagstofu Íslands áttu 13,7% leikskólabarna annað móðurmál en íslensku árið 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Enska" title="Enska">Enskukunnátta</a> er útbreidd og í grunnnámi er kennsla í ensku og <a href="/wiki/Danska" title="Danska">dönsku</a> skylda. Nýleg rannsókn hefur leitt í ljós að allt að helmingur málumhverfis íslenskra barna sé á ensku.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stærsti hópur innflytjenda á Íslandi er frá Póllandi og notkun <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3lska" title="Pólska">pólsku</a> hefur því farið vaxandi í skólum og fréttamiðlum. </p><p>Íslensk mannanöfn notast að jafnaði við <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6%C3%B0urnafn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föðurnafn (síða er ekki enn til)">föðurnafnakerfi</a> þar sem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenninafn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenninafn (síða er ekki enn til)">kenninafn</a> er myndað með fornafni föður eða móður og viðskeytinu „-dóttir“ eða „-son“. <a href="/wiki/%C3%86ttarnafn" title="Ættarnafn">Ættarnöfn</a> eru undantekning fremur en regla. Þessum hefðum er viðhaldið með sérstökum <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6g_um_mannan%C3%B6fn" title="Lög um mannanöfn">lögum um mannanöfn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Innflytjendur_á_Íslandi"><span id="Innflytjendur_.C3.A1_.C3.8Dslandi"></span>Innflytjendur á Íslandi</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Innflytjendur_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Innflytjendur á Íslandi">Innflytjendur á Íslandi</a></div> <p>Erlendum ríkisborgurum hefur fjölgað mjög á Íslandi á 21. öld. Árið 2007 voru erlendir ríkisborgarar 18.563 talsins (6<a href="/wiki/%25" class="mw-redirect" title="%">%</a> af íbúum Íslands). </p><p>Í nóvember 2024 var samkvæmt Þjóðskrá fjöldi innflytjenda 80.400, eða nálægt 20% landsmanna <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Stærsti einstaki hópur innflytjenda er frá <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland">Póllandi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Samkvæmt viðhorfskönnun sem var gerð árið 2009 meðal um 800 innflytjenda kom fram að dræm íslenskukunnátta hamlaði þeim helst í því að nýta menntun sína í starfi.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aðeins 13% innflytjenda kaus í sveitarstjórnakosningunum 2022. <sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trúmál"><span id="Tr.C3.BAm.C3.A1l"></span>Trúmál</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Listi_yfir_skr%C3%A1%C3%B0_tr%C3%BA-_og_l%C3%ADfssko%C3%B0unarf%C3%A9l%C3%B6g_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Listi yfir skráð trú- og lífsskoðunarfélög á Íslandi">Listi yfir skráð trú- og lífsskoðunarfélög á Íslandi</a></div> <p>Á Íslandi eru 55 % íbúa landsins meðlimir í hinni <a href="/wiki/Evangel%C3%ADsk-l%C3%BAthersk_kirkja" title="Evangelísk-lúthersk kirkja">evangelísk-lúthersku</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0kirkjan" class="mw-redirect" title="Þjóðkirkjan">þjóðkirkju</a> og eru flestar fermingar, skírnir og jarðarfarir hjá henni.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Önnur kristin trúfélag sem eru fjölmenn eru <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%BE%C3%B3lska_kirkjan_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Kaþólska kirkjan á Íslandi">Kaþólska kirkjan</a> og fríkirkjur. Fækkað hefur mikið í Þjóðkirkjunni frá aldamótum. Æ fleiri skrá sig utan trúfélaga eða í önnur trú og lífsskoðunarfélög. Vöxtur hefur til að mynda verið í <a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0" title="Ásatrúarfélagið">Ásatrúarfélaginu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%BE%C3%B3lska_kirkjan_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Kaþólska kirkjan á Íslandi">Kaþólsku kirkjunni</a> og siðræna húmaníska félaginu <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%B0mennt" title="Siðmennt">Siðmennt</a>. </p><p>Alls voru 56 trú- og lífsskoðunarfélög árið 2024. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Menning">Menning</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_menning" title="Íslensk menning">Íslensk menning</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kvikmynda-_og_bókmenntaverðlaun"><span id="Kvikmynda-_og_b.C3.B3kmenntaver.C3.B0laun"></span>Kvikmynda- og bókmenntaverðlaun</h3></div> <p>Árlega eru veitt verðlaun fyrir afrek liðins árs í bókmenntum og <a href="/wiki/Kvikmyndager%C3%B0_%C3%A1_%C3%8Dslandi" title="Kvikmyndagerð á Íslandi">kvikmyndagerð á Íslandi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edduver%C3%B0launin" title="Edduverðlaunin">Edduverðlaunin</a> eru verðlaun sem veitt eru þeim sem þykja hafa skarað fram úr á sviði kvikmynda og sjónvarps. Síðar á árinu eru <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensku_b%C3%B3kmenntaver%C3%B0launin" title="Íslensku bókmenntaverðlaunin">Íslensku bókmenntaverðlaunin</a> afhent því fólki sem talið er hafa borið af á ritvellinum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Íþróttir"><span id=".C3.8D.C3.BEr.C3.B3ttir"></span>Íþróttir</h3></div> <p>Vinsælasta íþróttin á Íslandi er <a href="/wiki/Knattspyrna" title="Knattspyrna">knattspyrna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska_karlalandsli%C3%B0i%C3%B0_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu" title="Íslenska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu">Íslenska karlalandsliðið í knattspyrnu</a> hefur lengst náð í fjórðungsúrslit í <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pukeppnin_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu_2016" title="Evrópukeppnin í knattspyrnu 2016">Evrópukeppni í knattspyrnu 2016</a>. Liðið tók þátt í <a href="/wiki/Heimsmeistaram%C3%B3t_landsli%C3%B0a_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu_karla_2018" title="Heimsmeistaramót landsliða í knattspyrnu karla 2018">Heimsmeistaramóti landsliða í knattspyrnu karla 2018</a> en náði þá ekki upp úr riðlakeppninni. <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenska_kvennalandsli%C3%B0i%C3%B0_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu" title="Íslenska kvennalandsliðið í knattspyrnu">Íslenska kvennalandsliðið í knattspyrnu</a> náði líka í fjórðungsúrslit í <a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pum%C3%B3t_kvenna_%C3%AD_knattspyrnu_2013" title="Evrópumót kvenna í knattspyrnu 2013">Evrópumóti kvenna í knattspyrnu 2013</a>. Efsta deild félagsliða í knattspyrnu á Íslandi nefnist <a href="/wiki/Besta_deildin" class="mw-disambig" title="Besta deildin">Besta deildin</a>. Íslenskir knattspyrnumenn eins og <a href="/wiki/Ei%C3%B0ur_Sm%C3%A1ri_Gu%C3%B0johnsen" title="Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen">Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sgeir_Sigurvinsson" title="Ásgeir Sigurvinsson">Ásgeir Sigurvinsson</a> og <a href="/wiki/Margr%C3%A9t_L%C3%A1ra_Vi%C3%B0arsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir">Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir</a>, hafa leikið með efstu deildar liðum í öðrum Evrópulöndum. <a href="/wiki/Handbolti" class="mw-redirect" title="Handbolti">Handbolti</a> hefur líka verið kallaður „þjóðaríþrótt“ Íslendinga og íslenska handboltalandsliðið hefur náð langt á stórmótum, meðal annars unnið silfurverðlaun á <a href="/wiki/Sumar%C3%B3lymp%C3%ADuleikarnir_2008" title="Sumarólympíuleikarnir 2008">Sumarólympíuleikunum 2008</a>. </p><p>Íslendingar eiga langa sögu afreksíþróttafólks í <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1k" title="Skák">skák</a>. Árið 2005 var Reykjavík með flesta stórmeistara miðað við fjölda íbúa, en þá bjuggu þar <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3n_L._%C3%81rnason" title="Jón L. Árnason">Jón L. Árnason</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3hann_Hjartarson" title="Jóhann Hjartarson">Jóhann Hjartarson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margeir_P%C3%A9tursson" title="Margeir Pétursson">Margeir Pétursson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fri%C3%B0rik_%C3%93lafsson" title="Friðrik Ólafsson">Friðrik Ólafsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%B6stur_%C3%9E%C3%B3rhallsson" title="Þröstur Þórhallsson">Þröstur Þórhallsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helgi_%C3%81ss_Gr%C3%A9tarsson" title="Helgi Áss Grétarsson">Helgi Áss Grétarsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Hl%C3%ADfar_Stef%C3%A1nsson" title="Hannes Hlífar Stefánsson">Hannes Hlífar Stefánsson</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Bobby Fischer</a>. </p><p>Aðrar íþróttagreinar sem Íslendingar hafa náð langt í eru <a href="/wiki/Sund_(%C3%AD%C3%BEr%C3%B3tt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sund (íþrótt)">sund</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAd%C3%B3" title="Júdó">júdó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kraftlyftingar" title="Kraftlyftingar">kraftlyftingar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frj%C3%A1lsar_%C3%AD%C3%BEr%C3%B3ttir" title="Frjálsar íþróttir">frjálsar íþróttir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fimleikar" title="Fimleikar">fimleikar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blanda%C3%B0ar_bardaga%C3%AD%C3%BEr%C3%B3ttir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blandaðar bardagaíþróttir (síða er ekki enn til)">blandaðar bardagaíþróttir</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=CrossFit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CrossFit (síða er ekki enn til)">CrossFit</a>. Íþróttafólk á vegum <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%BEr%C3%B3ttasamband_fatla%C3%B0ra" title="Íþróttasamband fatlaðra">Íþróttasambands fatlaðra</a> hefur náð mjög góðum árangri í ýmsum íþróttagreinum á alþjóðlegum stórmótum, sérstaklega í sundi. </p><p>Hefðbundnar íslenskar íþróttagreinar eru <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%ADma" title="Glíma">glíma</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesta%C3%AD%C3%BEr%C3%B3tt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hestaíþrótt (síða er ekki enn til)">hestaíþróttir</a> á <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslenskur_hestur" class="mw-redirect" title="Íslenskur hestur">íslenskum hestum</a>. Aðrar vinsælar íþróttagreinar á Íslandi eru <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%AD%C3%B0avangshlaup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Víðavangshlaup (síða er ekki enn til)">víðavangshlaup</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rfuknattleikur" title="Körfuknattleikur">körfuknattleikur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%B3lrei%C3%B0ar" title="Hjólreiðar">hjólreiðar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B3torkross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mótorkross (síða er ekki enn til)">mótorkross</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torf%C3%A6ruakstur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torfæruakstur (síða er ekki enn til)">torfæruakstur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> og <a href="/wiki/Raf%C3%AD%C3%BEr%C3%B3ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafíþróttir">rafíþróttir</a>. </p><p>Elsta íþróttafélag Íslands er <a href="/wiki/Skotf%C3%A9lag_Reykjav%C3%ADkur" title="Skotfélag Reykjavíkur">Skotfélag Reykjavíkur</a> sem var stofnað árið 1867. <a href="/wiki/UMF%C3%8D" title="UMFÍ">Ungmennafélögin</a> voru áberandi í upphafi skipulegs íþróttastarfs á Íslandi frá stofnun þeirra árið 1907. <a href="/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%BEr%C3%B3tta-_og_%C3%93lymp%C3%ADusamband_%C3%8Dslands" title="Íþrótta- og Ólympíusamband Íslands">Íþrótta- og Ólympíusamband Íslands</a> var stofnað árið 1912. Þátttaka í skipulegu íþróttastarfi ungmenna hefur farið vaxandi síðustu áratugi og árið 2014 stundaði yfir helmingur ungmenna í 9.-10. bekk íþróttir með íþróttafélagi.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744314">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/utgafur/frettasafn/mannfjoldi/mannfjoldinn-a-3-arsfjordungi-2024">Mannfjöldinn á 3. ársfjórðungi 2024</a>Hagstofan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vísindav-nafn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vísindav-nafn_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870430">.mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation">Ari Páll Kristinsson: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970">„Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?“</a>.  <i>Vísindavefurinn</i> [á vefnum]. [skoðað 07.01.2013].</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Björn Þorsteinsson o.fl. (1991). <i>Íslandssaga til okkar daga</i>. Reykjavík: Sögufélag. s. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thule-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-thule_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-thule_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Björn Þorsteinsson o.fl. (1991). <i>Íslandssaga til okkar daga</i>. Reykjavík: Sögufélag. s. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1873994">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGizur_Helgason1971" class="citation journal cs1">Gizur Helgason (1971, 17.1.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=3293834">„Hver var fyrstur?“</a>. <i>Lesbók Morgunblaðsins</i>. <b>46</b> (3): 8-10/12-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lesb%C3%B3k+Morgunbla%C3%B0sins&rft.atitle=Hver+var+fyrstur%3F&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=8-10%2F12-13&rft.au=Gizur+Helgason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimarit.is%2Fview_page_init.jsp%3FpageId%3D3293834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÁrni_Óla1968" class="citation journal cs1">Árni Óla (1968, 23.12.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timarit.is/page/3292080">„Hverjir fundu Ísland?“</a>. <i>Lesbók Morgunblaðsins</i>. <b>43</b> (47): 54-55/61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lesb%C3%B3k+Morgunbla%C3%B0sins&rft.atitle=Hverjir+fundu+%C3%8Dsland%3F&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=54-55%2F61&rft.au=%C3%81rni+%C3%93la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimarit.is%2Fpage%2F3292080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFTamsalu,_Piia" class="citation web cs1">Tamsalu, Piia (17. október 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arhiiv.saartehaal.ee/2015/10/17/raamat-saaremaa-ongi-ultima-thule/">„Raamat: Saaremaa ongi Ultima Thule“</a>. <i>Saarte Hääl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 9. júní 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saarte+H%C3%A4%C3%A4l&rft.atitle=Raamat%3A+Saaremaa+ongi+Ultima+Thule&rft.au=Tamsalu%2C+Piia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farhiiv.saartehaal.ee%2F2015%2F10%2F17%2Fraamat-saaremaa-ongi-ultima-thule%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Kleineberg, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch und Dieter Lelgemann (2010). <i>Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene"</i>. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stjornarradid.is/efst-a-baugi/frettir/stok-frett/2022/09/06/Afryjunarnefnd-EUIPO-tekur-Iceland-malid-fyrir/">„Áfrýjunarnefnd EUIPO tekur Iceland-málið fyrir“</a>. <i>Stjórnarráðið</i>. 6.9.2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stj%C3%B3rnarr%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft.atitle=%C3%81fr%C3%BDjunarnefnd+EUIPO+tekur+Iceland-m%C3%A1li%C3%B0+fyrir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjornarradid.is%2Fefst-a-baugi%2Ffrettir%2Fstok-frett%2F2022%2F09%2F06%2FAfryjunarnefnd-EUIPO-tekur-Iceland-malid-fyrir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=64420">„Hófst landnám á Íslandi 200 árum fyrr en talið hefur verið?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=H%C3%B3fst+landn%C3%A1m+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi+200+%C3%A1rum+fyrr+en+tali%C3%B0+hefur+veri%C3%B0%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D64420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJakob_Bjarnar" class="citation web cs1">Jakob Bjarnar (13. desember 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visir.is/g/20212195466d">„Rostungakenningin hreint ekki ný af nálinni“</a>. <i>Vísir.is</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsir.is&rft.atitle=Rostungakenningin+hreint+ekki+n%C3%BD+af+n%C3%A1linni&rft.au=Jakob+Bjarnar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visir.is%2Fg%2F20212195466d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=82673">„Hafa fundist fornleifar á Grænlandi og Vínlandi eftir norræna víkinga?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hafa+fundist+fornleifar+%C3%A1+Gr%C3%A6nlandi+og+V%C3%ADnlandi+eftir+norr%C3%A6na+v%C3%ADkinga%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D82673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handritinheima.is/sagan/sogusvidid/kristnitaka-islands.html">„Kristnitaka Íslands“</a>. <i>Handritin heima</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handritin+heima&rft.atitle=Kristnitaka+%C3%8Dslands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handritinheima.is%2Fsagan%2Fsogusvidid%2Fkristnitaka-islands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFSteinunn_Kristjánsdóttir" class="citation book cs1">Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir (2012). <i>Sagan af klaustrinu á Skriðu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sagan+af+klaustrinu+%C3%A1+Skri%C3%B0u&rft.au=Steinunn+Kristj%C3%A1nsd%C3%B3ttir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFHelgi_Guðmundsson" class="citation book cs1">Helgi Guðmundsson (1997). <i>Um haf innan: Vestrænir menn og íslensk menning á miðöldum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Um+haf+innan%3A+Vestr%C3%A6nir+menn+og+%C3%ADslensk+menning+%C3%A1+mi%C3%B0%C3%B6ldum&rft.au=Helgi+Gu%C3%B0mundsson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFBjörn_Þorsteinsson" class="citation book cs1">Björn Þorsteinsson (1991). <i>Íslandssaga til okkar daga</i>. bls. 135-137.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%8Dslandssaga+til+okkar+daga&rft.pages=135-137&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rn+%C3%9Eorsteinsson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=66333">„Hvað er helst vitað um svartadauða á Íslandi?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0+er+helst+vita%C3%B0+um+svartadau%C3%B0a+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D66333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÓSÁ" class="citation web cs1">ÓSÁ (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ferlir.is/grindavikurstridid-1532-i-hluti/">„Grindavíkurstríðið 1532“</a>. <i>Ferlir</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ferlir&rft.atitle=Grindav%C3%ADkurstr%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0+1532&rft.au=%C3%93S%C3%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fferlir.is%2Fgrindavikurstridid-1532-i-hluti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=71233">„Hvað lásu Íslendingar á 18. öld?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0+l%C3%A1su+%C3%8Dslendingar+%C3%A1+18.+%C3%B6ld%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D71233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFLeifur_Reynisson" class="citation web cs1">Leifur Reynisson (25.5.2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=56117">„Hverjar voru meginástæður vesturferðanna?“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hverjar+voru+megin%C3%A1st%C3%A6%C3%B0ur+vesturfer%C3%B0anna%3F&rft.au=Leifur+Reynisson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D56117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timarit.is/page/4076471?iabr=on#page/n15/mode/2up/search/Dr%C3%A1ttarv%C3%A9l"><i>Upphaf mótorvæðingar í íslenskum landbunaði</i></a>, Tíminn, 10. juni 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagstofan_íbúar-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hagstofan_íbúar_22-0">22,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hagstofan_íbúar_22-1">22,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hagstofan_íbúar_22-2">22,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__2_byggdir__Byggdakjarnareldra/MAN00104.px">„Mannfjöldi í einstökum byggðakjörnum og strjálbýli eftir landsvæðum ár hvert 1889-1990“</a>. Hagstofa Íslands<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mannfj%C3%B6ldi+%C3%AD+einst%C3%B6kum+bygg%C3%B0akj%C3%B6rnum+og+strj%C3%A1lb%C3%BDli+eftir+landsv%C3%A6%C3%B0um+%C3%A1r+hvert+1889-1990&rft.pub=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpx.hagstofa.is%2Fpxis%2Fpxweb%2Fis%2FIbuar%2FIbuar__mannfjoldi__2_byggdir__Byggdakjarnareldra%2FMAN00104.px&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Lísa_Rúnarsdóttir" class="citation web cs1">Anna Lísa Rúnarsdóttir (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thjodminjasafn.is/media/rannsoknir/Torfbaejarskyrsla-PDF.pdf">„Á tímum torfbæja: Híbýlahættir og efnismenning í íslenska torfbænum frá 1850“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Þjóðminjasafn Íslands. bls. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%81+t%C3%ADmum+torfb%C3%A6ja%3A+H%C3%ADb%C3%BDlah%C3%A6ttir+og+efnismenning+%C3%AD+%C3%ADslenska+torfb%C3%A6num+fr%C3%A1+1850&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0minjasafn+%C3%8Dslands&rft.au=Anna+L%C3%ADsa+R%C3%BAnarsd%C3%B3ttir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thjodminjasafn.is%2Fmedia%2Frannsoknir%2FTorfbaejarskyrsla-PDF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFSigurður_Sigurðsson1976" class="citation journal cs1">Sigurður Sigurðsson (1976). „Um berklaveiki á Íslandi“. <i>Læknablaðið</i> (62): 3–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%C3%A6knabla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft.atitle=Um+berklaveiki+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi&rft.issue=62&rft.pages=3-50&rft.au=Sigur%C3%B0ur+Sigur%C3%B0sson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFStefanía_Óskarsdóttir" class="citation web cs1">Stefanía Óskarsdóttir (2.9.2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=77584">„Hvers vegna var lýðveldi ekki stofnað fyrr á Íslandi?“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hvers+vegna+var+l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi+ekki+stofna%C3%B0+fyrr+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi%3F&rft.au=Stefan%C3%ADa+%C3%93skarsd%C3%B3ttir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D77584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÞorleifur_Óskarsson1988" class="citation journal cs1">Þorleifur Óskarsson (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timarit.is/gegnir/000586336">„Togaraútgerð á tímamótum“</a>. <i>Ný saga</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 14–17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N%C3%BD+saga&rft.atitle=Togara%C3%BAtger%C3%B0+%C3%A1+t%C3%ADmam%C3%B3tum&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-17&rft.au=%C3%9Eorleifur+%C3%93skarsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimarit.is%2Fgegnir%2F000586336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFRóbert_F._Sigurðsson" class="citation web cs1">Róbert F. Sigurðsson (23.11.2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=51086">„Hvað voru skömmtunarárin?“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hva%C3%B0+voru+sk%C3%B6mmtunar%C3%A1rin%3F&rft.au=R%C3%B3bert+F.+Sigur%C3%B0sson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D51086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFSigrún_Elíasdóttir" class="citation web cs1">Sigrún Elíasdóttir (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skemman.is/handle/1946/11699">„Marshall-áætlunin og tæknivæðing Íslands (MA-ritgerð við Háskóla Íslands)“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marshall-%C3%A1%C3%A6tlunin+og+t%C3%A6kniv%C3%A6%C3%B0ing+%C3%8Dslands+%28MA-ritger%C3%B0+vi%C3%B0+H%C3%A1sk%C3%B3la+%C3%8Dslands%29&rft.au=Sigr%C3%BAn+El%C3%ADasd%C3%B3ttir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskemman.is%2Fhandle%2F1946%2F11699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minjastofnun.is/media/husakannanir/skyrsla_163.pdf">„Byggðakönnun: Borgarhluti 3 - Hlíðar“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Minjasafn Reykjavíkur. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bygg%C3%B0ak%C3%B6nnun%3A+Borgarhluti+3+-+Hl%C3%AD%C3%B0ar&rft.pub=Minjasafn+Reykjav%C3%ADkur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minjastofnun.is%2Fmedia%2Fhusakannanir%2Fskyrsla_163.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÁgústa_Kristófersdóttir" class="citation web cs1">Ágústa Kristófersdóttir (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listasafnreykjavikur.is/sites/default/files/syningarskra/2002byggtyfirhugsjonirbreidholtfrahugmyndadveruleika.pdf">„Byggt yfir hugsjónir“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Byggt+yfir+hugsj%C3%B3nir&rft.au=%C3%81g%C3%BAsta+Krist%C3%B3fersd%C3%B3ttir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flistasafnreykjavikur.is%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fsyningarskra%2F2002byggtyfirhugsjonirbreidholtfrahugmyndadveruleika.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFPáll_Kristbjörn_Sæmundsson" class="citation web cs1">Páll Kristbjörn Sæmundsson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skemman.is/bitstream/1946/11367/3/REKSTUR%20HITAVEITNA%20%C3%81%20%C3%8DSLANDI%20Lokaskjal.pdf">„Rekstur hitaveitna á Íslandi: Arðsemi og náttúruleg einokun (MS ritgerð við Háskóla Íslands“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. bls. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rekstur+hitaveitna+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi%3A+Ar%C3%B0semi+og+n%C3%A1tt%C3%BAruleg+einokun+%28MS+ritger%C3%B0+vi%C3%B0+H%C3%A1sk%C3%B3la+%C3%8Dslands&rft.pages=22&rft.au=P%C3%A1ll+Kristbj%C3%B6rn+S%C3%A6mundsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskemman.is%2Fbitstream%2F1946%2F11367%2F3%2FREKSTUR%2520HITAVEITNA%2520%25C3%2581%2520%25C3%258DSLANDI%2520Lokaskjal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.byggdastofnun.is/static/files/Skyrslur/sameining_sveitafelaga.pdf">„Sameining sveitarfélaga: Áhrif á atvinnu- og búsetuþróun“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Byggðastofnun. 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sameining+sveitarf%C3%A9laga%3A+%C3%81hrif+%C3%A1+atvinnu-+og+b%C3%BAsetu%C3%BEr%C3%B3un&rft.pub=Bygg%C3%B0astofnun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.byggdastofnun.is%2Fstatic%2Ffiles%2FSkyrslur%2Fsameining_sveitafelaga.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/279398/">„Mikilvægasti verkefnaflutningurinn til þessa: Grunnskólalögin sem samþykkt voru í byrjun árs 1995 koma að fullu leyti til“</a>. Morgunblaðið. 1.8.1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mikilv%C3%A6gasti+verkefnaflutningurinn+til+%C3%BEessa%3A+Grunnsk%C3%B3lal%C3%B6gin+sem+sam%C3%BEykkt+voru+%C3%AD+byrjun+%C3%A1rs+1995+koma+a%C3%B0+fullu+leyti+til&rft.pub=Morgunbla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbl.is%2Fgreinasafn%2Fgrein%2F279398%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/300219/">„Breytingar á réttindum ríkisstarfsmanna: Afnám æviráðningar bundin í sérlög“</a>. Morgunblaðið<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breytingar+%C3%A1+r%C3%A9ttindum+r%C3%ADkisstarfsmanna%3A+Afn%C3%A1m+%C3%A6vir%C3%A1%C3%B0ningar+bundin+%C3%AD+s%C3%A9rl%C3%B6g&rft.pub=Morgunbla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbl.is%2Fgreinasafn%2Fgrein%2F300219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/1993037.html">„Stjórnsýslulög 1993 nr. 37 30. apríl“</a>. 23.11.1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stj%C3%B3rns%C3%BDslul%C3%B6g+1993+nr.+37+30.+apr%C3%ADl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.althingi.is%2Flagas%2Fnuna%2F1993037.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rna.is/eldri-nefndir/addragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008/skyrsla-nefndarinnar/bindi-1-kaflar-1-6/6.-kafli/">„Skýrsla rannsóknarnefndar Alþingis um aðdraganda og orsakir falls íslensku bankanna 2008“</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%BDrsla+ranns%C3%B3knarnefndar+Al%C3%BEingis+um+a%C3%B0draganda+og+orsakir+falls+%C3%ADslensku+bankanna+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rna.is%2Feldri-nefndir%2Faddragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008%2Fskyrsla-nefndarinnar%2Fbindi-1-kaflar-1-6%2F6.-kafli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMagnús_Sveinn_Helgason" class="citation web cs1">Magnús Sveinn Helgason (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rna.is/media/skjol/RNAvefVidauki5.pdf">„Viðauki 5: Íslenskt viðskiptalíf - breytingar og samspil við fjármálakerfið“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rannsóknarnefnd Alþingis um aðdraganda og orsakir falls íslensku bankanna 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vi%C3%B0auki+5%3A+%C3%8Dslenskt+vi%C3%B0skiptal%C3%ADf+-+breytingar+og+samspil+vi%C3%B0+fj%C3%A1rm%C3%A1lakerfi%C3%B0&rft.pub=Ranns%C3%B3knarnefnd+Al%C3%BEingis+um+a%C3%B0draganda+og+orsakir+falls+%C3%ADslensku+bankanna+2008&rft.au=Magn%C3%BAs+Sveinn+Helgason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rna.is%2Fmedia%2Fskjol%2FRNAvefVidauki5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Þarfnast borgaðrar áskriftar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mbl.is/greinasafn/grein/803120/">„Námskeið í borgaralegri óhlýðni“</a></span>. Morgunblaðið. 11.6.2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N%C3%A1mskei%C3%B0+%C3%AD+borgaralegri+%C3%B3hl%C3%BD%C3%B0ni&rft.pub=Morgunbla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbl.is%2Fgreinasafn%2Fgrein%2F803120%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heiða Björk Vigfúsdóttir (2007, 30. júní). Beinar aðgerðir gegn stóriðjunni. <i>Blaðið</i> 120. tbl. s. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://timarit.is/page/5751368">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rna.is/eldri-nefndir/addragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008/skyrsla-nefndarinnar/bindi-2-kaflar-7-og-8/8.-kafli/">„Skýrsla Rannsóknarnefndar Alþingis um aðdraganda og orsakir falls íslensku bankanna 2008“</a>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%BDrsla+Ranns%C3%B3knarnefndar+Al%C3%BEingis+um+a%C3%B0draganda+og+orsakir+falls+%C3%ADslensku+bankanna+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frna.is%2Feldri-nefndir%2Faddragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008%2Fskyrsla-nefndarinnar%2Fbindi-2-kaflar-7-og-8%2F8.-kafli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rna.is/media/skjol/RNABindi1.pdf">„Skýrsla rannsóknarnefndar Alþingis um aðdraganda og orsakir falls íslensku bankanna 2008“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. bls. 91<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%BDrsla+ranns%C3%B3knarnefndar+Al%C3%BEingis+um+a%C3%B0draganda+og+orsakir+falls+%C3%ADslensku+bankanna+2008&rft.pages=91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frna.is%2Fmedia%2Fskjol%2FRNABindi1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sedlabanki.is/utgefid-efni/frettir-og-tilkynningar/frettasafn/frett/2008/04/10/Se%C3%B0labanki-%C3%8Dslands-h%C3%A6kkar-st%C3%BDrivexti-/">„Seðlabanki Íslands hækkar stýrivexti“</a>. Seðlabanki Íslands. 10.4.2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Se%C3%B0labanki+%C3%8Dslands+h%C3%A6kkar+st%C3%BDrivexti&rft.pub=Se%C3%B0labanki+%C3%8Dslands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sedlabanki.is%2Futgefid-efni%2Ffrettir-og-tilkynningar%2Ffrettasafn%2Ffrett%2F2008%2F04%2F10%2FSe%25C3%25B0labanki-%25C3%258Dslands-h%25C3%25A6kkar-st%25C3%25BDrivexti-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rna.is/eldri-nefndir/addragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008/skyrsla-nefndarinnar/bindi-7/20.-kafli/">„Skýrsla Rannsóknarnefndar Alþingis um aðdraganda og orsakir falls íslensku bankanna 2008“</a>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%BDrsla+Ranns%C3%B3knarnefndar+Al%C3%BEingis+um+a%C3%B0draganda+og+orsakir+falls+%C3%ADslensku+bankanna+2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frna.is%2Feldri-nefndir%2Faddragandi-og-orsakir-falls-islensku-bankanna-2008%2Fskyrsla-nefndarinnar%2Fbindi-7%2F20.-kafli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frettabladid.is/markadurinn/rikid-vidurkennir-brot-i-fimm-hrunmalum/">„Ríkið viðurkennir brot í fimm hrunmálum“</a>. Fréttablaðið. 4.3.2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%ADki%C3%B0+vi%C3%B0urkennir+brot+%C3%AD+fimm+hrunm%C3%A1lum&rft.pub=Fr%C3%A9ttabla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frettabladid.is%2Fmarkadurinn%2Frikid-vidurkennir-brot-i-fimm-hrunmalum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vb.is/skodun/rikismegin-i-rettarkerfinu/164949/">„Ríkismegin í réttarkerfinu“</a>. Viðskiptablaðið. 1.11.2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%ADkismegin+%C3%AD+r%C3%A9ttarkerfinu&rft.pub=Vi%C3%B0skiptabla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vb.is%2Fskodun%2Frikismegin-i-rettarkerfinu%2F164949%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/talnaefni/atvinnuvegir/ferdathjonusta/ferdathjonustureikningar/">„Ferðaþjónustureikningar“</a>. Hagstofa Íslands<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fer%C3%B0a%C3%BEj%C3%B3nustureikningar&rft.pub=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhagstofa.is%2Ftalnaefni%2Fatvinnuvegir%2Fferdathjonusta%2Fferdathjonustureikningar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ferdamalastofa.is/static/files/ferdamalastofa/Frettamyndir/2018/juli/ferdatjonusta-a-islandi-i-tolum-2018-2.pdf">„Ferðaþjónusta á Íslandi í tölum 2018“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ferðamálastofa. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fer%C3%B0a%C3%BEj%C3%B3nusta+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi+%C3%AD+t%C3%B6lum+2018&rft.pub=Fer%C3%B0am%C3%A1lastofa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferdamalastofa.is%2Fstatic%2Ffiles%2Fferdamalastofa%2FFrettamyndir%2F2018%2Fjuli%2Fferdatjonusta-a-islandi-i-tolum-2018-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Atvinnuvegir/Atvinnuvegir__ferdathjonusta__farthegar/SAM02006.px">„Farþegar um Keflavíkurflugvöll eftir ríkisfangi og árum 2003-2018“</a>. Hagstofa Íslands<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 13.8.2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Far%C3%BEegar+um+Keflav%C3%ADkurflugv%C3%B6ll+eftir+r%C3%ADkisfangi+og+%C3%A1rum+2003-2018&rft.pub=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpx.hagstofa.is%2Fpxis%2Fpxweb%2Fis%2FAtvinnuvegir%2FAtvinnuvegir__ferdathjonusta__farthegar%2FSAM02006.px&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nat.is/Fuglar/fuglar_Islands.htm">Fuglar Íslands</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922055338/https://www.nat.is/Fuglar/fuglar_Islands.htm">Geymt</a> 22 september 2017 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>Nat.is, skoðað 22. janúar, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFKristinn_Haukur_Skarphéðinsson" class="citation web cs1">Kristinn Haukur Skarphéðinsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=78253">„Hvað eru margir fuglar á Íslandi á veturna?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0+eru+margir+fuglar+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi+%C3%A1+veturna%3F&rft.au=Kristinn+Haukur+Skarph%C3%A9%C3%B0insson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D78253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJón_Már_Halldórsson" class="citation web cs1">Jón Már Halldórsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=3673">„Eru kanínur orðnar villt tegund á Íslandi, og sér maður þær í íslenskum dýrabókum í framtíðinni?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Eru+kan%C3%ADnur+or%C3%B0nar+villt+tegund+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi%2C+og+s%C3%A9r+ma%C3%B0ur+%C3%BE%C3%A6r+%C3%AD+%C3%ADslenskum+d%C3%BDrab%C3%B3kum+%C3%AD+framt%C3%AD%C3%B0inni%3F&rft.au=J%C3%B3n+M%C3%A1r+Halld%C3%B3rsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D3673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJón_Már_Halldórsson" class="citation web cs1">Jón Már Halldórsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=70047">„Hvaða hvalir hafa sést við Ísland?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0a+hvalir+hafa+s%C3%A9st+vi%C3%B0+%C3%8Dsland%3F&rft.au=J%C3%B3n+M%C3%A1r+Halld%C3%B3rsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D70047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFJón_Már_Halldórsson" class="citation web cs1">Jón Már Halldórsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=1298">„Hvað eru margir selir við Ísland“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0+eru+margir+selir+vi%C3%B0+%C3%8Dsland&rft.au=J%C3%B3n+M%C3%A1r+Halld%C3%B3rsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D1298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFHilmar_J._Malmquist" class="citation web cs1">Hilmar J. Malmquist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=67675">„Af hverju hurfu rostungar frá Íslandi“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Af+hverju+hurfu+rostungar+fr%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi&rft.au=Hilmar+J.+Malmquist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D67675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visir.is/g/20222243637d/tvo-prosent-islands-er-nu-thakid-skogi-og-kjarri">Tvö prósent Íslands er nú þakið skógi og kjarri</a>Vísir, sótt 3. apríl 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Deildar meiningar eru um raunveruleg völd forsetans, þá sérstaklega hvort hann geti neitað að skrifa undir lög og hvort slíkur gjörningur hafi einhverjar afleiðingar. Í <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnarskr%C3%A1_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldisins_%C3%8Dslands" title="Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands">stjórnarskránni</a> er sagt að slík synjun kalli á <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0aratkv%C3%A6%C3%B0agrei%C3%B0sla" title="Þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla">þjóðaratkvæðagreiðslu</a> um lögin, en hins vegar lætur forseti ráðherra framkvæma vald sitt og eru margir á þeirri skoðun að það gildi um þetta vald eins og önnur völd forseta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/utgafur/frettasafn/vinnumarkadur/vinnumarkadurinn-arid-2022/">„Vinnumarkaðurinn árið 2022“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i>. 2.3.2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Vinnumarka%C3%B0urinn+%C3%A1ri%C3%B0+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhagstofa.is%2Futgafur%2Ffrettasafn%2Fvinnumarkadur%2Fvinnumarkadurinn-arid-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TUD">„Trade Union Dataset“</a>. <i>OECD Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OECD+Statistics&rft.atitle=Trade+Union+Dataset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.oecd.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DTUD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFGylfi_Dalmann_AðalsteinssonÞórhallur_Örn_Guðlaugsson" class="citation journal cs1">Gylfi Dalmann Aðalsteinsson; Þórhallur Örn Guðlaugsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230818134129/http://www.irpa.is/article/view/a.2019.15.1.4">„Stéttarfélagsaðild á Íslandi“</a>. <i>Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 67–90. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irpa.is/article/view/a.2019.15.1.4">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 18. ágúst 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18. ágúst 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stj%C3%B3rnm%C3%A1l+og+stj%C3%B3rns%C3%BDsla&rft.atitle=St%C3%A9ttarf%C3%A9lagsa%C3%B0ild+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-90&rft.au=Gylfi+Dalmann+A%C3%B0alsteinsson&rft.au=%C3%9E%C3%B3rhallur+%C3%96rn+Gu%C3%B0laugsson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irpa.is%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fa.2019.15.1.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm">„Population with tertiary education“</a>. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+with+tertiary+education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Feduatt%2Fpopulation-with-tertiary-education.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/talnaefni/samfelag/menntun/menntunarstada/">„Menntunarstaða“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Menntunarsta%C3%B0a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhagstofa.is%2Ftalnaefni%2Fsamfelag%2Fmenntun%2Fmenntunarstada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECDEducation-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OECDEducation_62-0">62,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-OECDEducation_62-1">62,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/b29b73ff-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/b29b73ff-en">„Education at a Glance 2022: Iceland“</a>. <i>OECD iLibrary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OECD+iLibrary&rft.atitle=Education+at+a+Glance+2022%3A+Iceland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-ilibrary.org%2Fsites%2Fb29b73ff-en%2Findex.html%3FitemId%3D%2Fcontent%2Fcomponent%2Fb29b73ff-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=CO&view=map&year_high_desc=true">„World Databank“</a>. Databank.worldbank.org. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 3. júlí 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Databank&rft.pub=Databank.worldbank.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.NAHC%3Flocations%3DCO%26view%3Dmap%26year_high_desc%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/">„GINI index (World Bank estimate)“</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 30. mars 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kjarninn.is/frettir/2019-02-14-eignaojofnudur-miklu-haerra-stigi-en-tekjuojofnudur-islandi/">„Eignaójöfnuður á miklu hærra stígi en tekjuójöfnuður á Íslandi“</a>. <i>Kjarninn</i>. 17.2.2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kjarninn&rft.atitle=Eigna%C3%B3j%C3%B6fnu%C3%B0ur+%C3%A1+miklu+h%C3%A6rra+st%C3%ADgi+en+tekju%C3%B3j%C3%B6fnu%C3%B0ur+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkjarninn.is%2Ffrettir%2F2019-02-14-eignaojofnudur-miklu-haerra-stigi-en-tekjuojofnudur-islandi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April">„World Economic Outlook Database“</a>. <i>IMF</i> (enska)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 19. apríl 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FApril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFLára_Huld_Beck" class="citation web cs1">Lára Huld Beck (4.3.2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kjarninn.is/skyring/verdbolga-og-vextir-a-islandi-blikur-a-lofti-eda-ofmetid-vandamal/">„Verðbólga og vextir á Íslandi - Blikur á lofti eða ofmetið vandamál?“</a>. <i>Kjarninn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kjarninn&rft.atitle=Ver%C3%B0b%C3%B3lga+og+vextir+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi+-+Blikur+%C3%A1+lofti+e%C3%B0a+ofmeti%C3%B0+vandam%C3%A1l%3F&rft.au=L%C3%A1ra+Huld+Beck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkjarninn.is%2Fskyring%2Fverdbolga-og-vextir-a-islandi-blikur-a-lofti-eda-ofmetid-vandamal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stjornarradid.is/verkefni/almannatryggingar-og-lifeyrir/lifeyrismal/lifeyrissjodir/">„Lífeyrissjóðir“</a>. <i>Stjórnarráð Íslands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stj%C3%B3rnarr%C3%A1%C3%B0+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=L%C3%ADfeyrissj%C3%B3%C3%B0ir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjornarradid.is%2Fverkefni%2Falmannatryggingar-og-lifeyrir%2Flifeyrismal%2Flifeyrissjodir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vb.is/frettir/eignir-lifeyrissjodanna/">„Eignir lífeyrissjóðanna aldrei meiri“</a>. <i>Vb.is</i>. 7.8.2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vb.is&rft.atitle=Eignir+l%C3%ADfeyrissj%C3%B3%C3%B0anna+aldrei+meiri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvb.is%2Ffrettir%2Feignir-lifeyrissjodanna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÞorsteinn_Víglundsson" class="citation web cs1">Þorsteinn Víglundsson (6.11.2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kjarninn.is/skodun/2017-11-06-latid-lifeyrissjodina-okkar-i-fridi/">„Látið lífeyrissjóðina okkar í friði“</a>. <i>Kjarninn</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kjarninn&rft.atitle=L%C3%A1ti%C3%B0+l%C3%ADfeyrissj%C3%B3%C3%B0ina+okkar+%C3%AD+fri%C3%B0i&rft.au=%C3%9Eorsteinn+V%C3%ADglundsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkjarninn.is%2Fskodun%2F2017-11-06-latid-lifeyrissjodina-okkar-i-fridi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFSigríður_Mogensen" class="citation web cs1">Sigríður Mogensen (4.1.2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visir.is/g/20242510493d/gleymum-ekki-grundvallaratridum">„Gleymum ekki grundvallaratriðum“</a>. <i>Vísir.is</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsir.is&rft.atitle=Gleymum+ekki+grundvallaratri%C3%B0um&rft.au=Sigr%C3%AD%C3%B0ur+Mogensen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visir.is%2Fg%2F20242510493d%2Fgleymum-ekki-grundvallaratridum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Efnahagur/Efnahagur__utanrikisverslun__3_voruthjonusta__voruthjonusta/UTA05003.px/table/tableViewLayout2/">„Valdir liðir útflutnings vöru og þjónustu 2013-2023“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 5.2.2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Valdir+li%C3%B0ir+%C3%BAtflutnings+v%C3%B6ru+og+%C3%BEj%C3%B3nustu+2013-2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpx.hagstofa.is%2Fpxis%2Fpxweb%2Fis%2FEfnahagur%2FEfnahagur__utanrikisverslun__3_voruthjonusta__voruthjonusta%2FUTA05003.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vb.is/frettir/aratugu-hugverkaidnadar/">„Áratugur hugverkaiðnaðar“</a>. <i>Viðskiptablaðið</i>. 9.3.2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vi%C3%B0skiptabla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft.atitle=%C3%81ratugur+hugverkai%C3%B0na%C3%B0ar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvb.is%2Ffrettir%2Faratugu-hugverkaidnadar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/utgafur/frettasafn/menning/uppfaersla-a-menningarvisum/">„Rekstrartekjur í menningu og skapandi greinum 126 milljarðar árið 2021“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i>. 10.5.2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Rekstrartekjur+%C3%AD+menningu+og+skapandi+greinum+126+milljar%C3%B0ar+%C3%A1ri%C3%B0+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhagstofa.is%2Futgafur%2Ffrettasafn%2Fmenning%2Fuppfaersla-a-menningarvisum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Efnahagur/Efnahagur__thjodhagsreikningar__framluppgj_ISAT2008/THJ08401.px/table/tableViewLayout2/">„Hlutur atvinnugreina í landsframleiðslu 1997-2022“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 5.2.2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Hlutur+atvinnugreina+%C3%AD+landsframlei%C3%B0slu+1997-2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpx.hagstofa.is%2Fpxis%2Fpxweb%2Fis%2FEfnahagur%2FEfnahagur__thjodhagsreikningar__framluppgj_ISAT2008%2FTHJ08401.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Efnahagur/Efnahagur__thjodhagsreikningar__framluppgj_ISAT2008/THJ08401.px">„Hlutur atvinnugreina í landsframleiðslu 1997-2022“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 5.2.2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Hlutur+atvinnugreina+%C3%AD+landsframlei%C3%B0slu+1997-2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpx.hagstofa.is%2Fpxis%2Fpxweb%2Fis%2FEfnahagur%2FEfnahagur__thjodhagsreikningar__framluppgj_ISAT2008%2FTHJ08401.px&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vb.is/frjals-verslun/tiu-staerstu-fyrirtaekin-islandi/">„Tíu stærstu fyrirtækin á Íslandi“</a>. <i>Vb.is</i>. 24.11.2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 18.8.2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vb.is&rft.atitle=T%C3%ADu+st%C3%A6rstu+fyrirt%C3%A6kin+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvb.is%2Ffrjals-verslun%2Ftiu-staerstu-fyrirtaekin-islandi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hagstofa.is/Pages/95?NewsID=5218">Spá um mannfjölda 2010-2060</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614223406/http://www.hagstofa.is/Pages/95?NewsID=5218">Geymt</a> 14 júní 2011 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Sic#sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]</sup>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/lisalib/getfiletrack.aspx?ItemID=11237">Spá um mannfjölda 2010–2060 (Population projection 2010–2060)</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Morgunbla%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Morgunblaðið">mbl.is</a>:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/31/islendingar_433_000_arid_2060">Íslendingar 433.000 árið 2060</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/utgafur/frettasafn/mannfjoldi/mannfjoldinn-a-4-arsfjordungi-2022/">Mannfjöldi á 4. ársfjórðungi 2022</a>Hagstofa, skoðað 21. janúar 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hagstofa.is/utgafur/frettasafn/menntun/born-og-starfsfolk-i-leikskolum-2018/">„Menntuðum leikskólakennurum fækkar“</a>. <i>Hagstofa Íslands</i>. 18. október 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hagstofa+%C3%8Dslands&rft.atitle=Menntu%C3%B0um+leiksk%C3%B3lakennurum+f%C3%A6kkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhagstofa.is%2Futgafur%2Ffrettasafn%2Fmenntun%2Fborn-og-starfsfolk-i-leikskolum-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Íris Edda Nowenstein og Sigríður Sigurjónsdóttir (2021). Stafrænt málsambýli íslensku og ensku: Áhrif ensks ílags og málnotkunar á málfærni íslenskra barna. <i>Ritið</i> 21 (3): 11-56.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ritid.hi.is/index.php/ritid/article/view/150/138">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201223331/https://ritid.hi.is/index.php/ritid/article/view/150/138">Geymt</a> 1 febrúar 2022 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skra.is/um-okkur/frettir/frett/2024/11/12/Erlendir-rikisborgarar-busettir-a-Islandi-1.-november-2024/">Erlendir ríkisborgarar búsettir á Íslandi 1/11 2024</a> Þjóðskrá, 1. nóv. 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2023-07-15-erlendum-rikisborgurum-fjolgar-um-taep-9-388046">„Erlendum ríkisborgurum fjölgar um tæp 9%“</a>. <i>Rúv.is</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt júlí 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R%C3%BAv.is&rft.atitle=Erlendum+r%C3%ADkisborgurum+fj%C3%B6lgar+um+t%C3%A6p+9%25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruv.is%2Ffrettir%2Finnlent%2F2023-07-15-erlendum-rikisborgurum-fjolgar-um-taep-9-388046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Morgunbla%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Morgunblaðið">mbl.is</a>:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2009/11/09/rumlega_helmingur_innflytjenda_adlagast_vel">Rúmlega helmingur innflytjenda aðlagast vel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruv.is/kveikur/hafa-reynt-i-15-ar-ad-na-tali-af-stjornmalamonnum">Hafa reynt í 15 ár að ná tali af stjórnmálamönnum </a>Rúv, sótt 20/9 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skra.is/um-okkur/frettir/frett/2024/09/10/Skraning-i-tru-og-lifsskodunarfelog-fram-til-1.-september-2024/">Skráningar í trú- og lífsskoðunarfélög - 1. sept. 2024</a> Skra.is. Skoðað 13/3 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÞórður_Snær_Júlíusson" class="citation web cs1">Þórður Snær Júlíusson (9. janúar 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kjarninn.is/frettir/2021-01-08-theim-sem-aefa-knattspyrnu-islandi-fjolgadi-um-50-prosent-aratug/">„Þeim sem æfa knattspyrnu á Íslandi fjölgaði um 50 prósent á áratug“</a>. <i>Kjarninn</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kjarninn&rft.atitle=%C3%9Eeim+sem+%C3%A6fa+knattspyrnu+%C3%A1+%C3%8Dslandi+fj%C3%B6lga%C3%B0i+um+50+pr%C3%B3sent+%C3%A1+%C3%A1ratug&rft.au=%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B0ur+Sn%C3%A6r+J%C3%BAl%C3%ADusson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkjarninn.is%2Ffrettir%2F2021-01-08-theim-sem-aefa-knattspyrnu-islandi-fjolgadi-um-50-prosent-aratug%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Viðar Halldórsson (2014). Íþróttaþátttaka íslenskra ungmenna: Þróun íþróttaþátttöku og greining á félagslegum áhrifaþáttum. <i>Netla - Veftímarit um uppeldi og menntun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://netla.hi.is/greinar/2014/ryn/007.pdf">[3]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tengt_efni">Tengt efni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BEingisb%C3%A6kur_%C3%8Dslands" title="Alþingisbækur Íslands">Alþingisbækur Íslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island.is" title="Island.is">Ísland.is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dslensk_sendir%C3%A1%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Íslensk sendiráð">Íslensk sendiráð</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenglar">Tenglar</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870427">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1795920">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/35px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/52px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/70px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikior%C3%B0ab%C3%B3kin" title="Wikiorðabókin">Wikiorðabókin</a> er með skilgreiningu á orðinu <i><b><a href="https://is.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsland" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ísland">Ísland</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://althingi.is/">Vefur Alþingis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stjornarradid.is">Stjórnarráð Íslands</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=6590">„Hvað er séríslenskt?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0+er+s%C3%A9r%C3%ADslenskt%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D6590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blaðagreinar"><span id="Bla.C3.B0agreinar"></span>Blaðagreinar</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFSumarliði_Ísleifsson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Sumarliði Ísleifsson (1996, 30.11.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=3312088">„Hinir syndugu kvaldir í ísi og eldi“</a>. <i>Lesbók Morgunblaðsins</i>. <b>71</b> (47): 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lesb%C3%B3k+Morgunbla%C3%B0sins&rft.atitle=Hinir+syndugu+kvaldir+%C3%AD+%C3%ADsi+og+eldi&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=10-11&rft.au=Sumarli%C3%B0i+%C3%8Dsleifsson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimarit.is%2Fview_page_init.jsp%3FpageId%3D3312088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÓlafur_Davíðsson1887" class="citation journal cs1">Ólafur Davíðsson (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timarit.is/view_page_init.jsp?gegnirId=000560276">„Ísland og Íslendingar“</a>. <i>Tímarit hins íslenska bókmenntafélags</i>. <b>8</b>: 100–178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=T%C3%ADmarit+hins+%C3%ADslenska+b%C3%B3kmenntaf%C3%A9lags&rft.atitle=%C3%8Dsland+og+%C3%8Dslendingar&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=100-178&rft.au=%C3%93lafur+Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0sson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimarit.is%2Fview_page_init.jsp%3FgegnirId%3D000560276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Dsland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1750840">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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title="Noregur">Noregur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóð</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Austur-Evrópa">Austur-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armen%C3%ADa" title="Armenía">Armenía</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADsjan" title="Aserbaísjan">Aserbaísjan</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Georg%C3%ADa" title="Georgía">Georgía</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Hv%C3%ADta-R%C3%BAssland" title="Hvíta-Rússland">Hvíta-Rússland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssland" title="Rússland">Rússland</a> (að hluta) · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Akra%C3%ADna" title="Úkraína">Úkraína</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Mið-Evrópa">Mið-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADki" title="Austurríki">Austurríki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lit%C3%A1en" title="Litáen">Litáen</a> · <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland">Pólland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%B3vak%C3%ADa" title="Slóvakía">Slóvakía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sviss" title="Sviss">Sviss</a> · <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland">Tékkland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ungverjaland" title="Ungverjaland">Ungverjaland</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þýskaland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Vestur-Evrópa">Vestur-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Belg%C3%ADa" title="Belgía">Belgía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretland</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland">Skotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-%C3%8Drland" title="Norður-Írland">Norður-Írland</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakkland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Írska lýðveldið">Írland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAxemborg" title="Lúxemborg">Lúxemborg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0austur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Suðaustur-Evrópa">Suðaustur-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alban%C3%ADa" title="Albanía">Albanía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosn%C3%ADa_og_Herseg%C3%B3v%C3%ADna" title="Bosnía og Hersegóvína">Bosnía og Hersegóvína</a> · <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar%C3%ADa" title="Búlgaría">Búlgaría</a> · <a href="/wiki/Grikkland" title="Grikkland">Grikkland</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B3sov%C3%B3" title="Kósovó">Kósovó</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3at%C3%ADa" title="Króatía">Króatía</a> · <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BDpur" title="Kýpur">Kýpur</a> <sup>1</sup> · <a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%B3va" title="Moldóva">Moldóva</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Maked%C3%B3n%C3%ADa" title="Norður-Makedónía">Norður-Makedónía</a> · <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAmen%C3%ADa" title="Rúmenía">Rúmenía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serb%C3%ADa" title="Serbía">Serbía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%B3ven%C3%ADa" title="Slóvenía">Slóvenía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Svartfjallaland" title="Svartfjallaland">Svartfjallaland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland">Tyrkland</a> (að hluta)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%B0ur-Evr%C3%B3pa" title="Suður-Evrópa">Suður-Evrópa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtal%C3%ADa" title="Ítalía">Ítalía</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nak%C3%B3" title="Mónakó">Mónakó</a> · <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%BAgal" title="Portúgal">Portúgal</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Mar%C3%ADn%C3%B3" title="San Marínó">San Marínó</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn">Spánn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vat%C3%ADkani%C3%B0" title="Vatíkanið">Vatíkanið</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Undir yfirráðum annarra ríkja:</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81landseyjar" title="Álandseyjar">Álandseyjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyjar</a> · <a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADbraltar" title="Gíbraltar">Gíbraltar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> · <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6n_(%C3%8Drlandshafi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mön (Írlandshafi)">Mön</a> · <a href="/wiki/Svalbar%C3%B0i" title="Svalbarði">Svalbarði</a><br /><sup>1</sup> Oft talin landfræðilega til Asíu en skilgreind sem Evrópulönd af menningarlegum ástæðum.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750840"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evrópuráðið" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750839"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-skoða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0:Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Snið:Evrópuráðið"><abbr title="Skoða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ræða"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0aspjall:Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sniðaspjall:Evrópuráðið (síða er ekki enn til)"><abbr title="Ræða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-breyta"><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0:Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Breyta þessu sniði" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evrópuráðið" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evr%C3%B3pur%C3%A1%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Evrópuráðið">Evrópuráðið</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alban%C3%ADa" title="Albanía">Albanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armen%C3%ADa" title="Armenía">Armenía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aserba%C3%ADsjan" title="Aserbaísjan">Aserbaísjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austurr%C3%ADki" title="Austurríki">Austurríki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belg%C3%ADa" title="Belgía">Belgía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosn%C3%ADa_og_Herseg%C3%B3v%C3%ADna" title="Bosnía og Hersegóvína">Bosnía og Hersegóvína</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretland" title="Bretland">Bretland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar%C3%ADa" title="Búlgaría">Búlgaría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danm%C3%B6rk" title="Danmörk">Danmörk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eistland" title="Eistland">Eistland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnland" title="Finnland">Finnland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland">Frakkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg%C3%ADa" title="Georgía">Georgía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grikkland" title="Grikkland">Grikkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Drska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Írska lýðveldið">Írska lýðveldið</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ísland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtal%C3%ADa" title="Ítalía">Ítalía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3at%C3%ADa" title="Króatía">Króatía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BDpur" title="Kýpur">Kýpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettland" title="Lettland">Lettland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lit%C3%A1en" title="Litáen">Litáen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAxemborg" title="Lúxemborg">Lúxemborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%B3va" title="Moldóva">Moldóva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nak%C3%B3" title="Mónakó">Mónakó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0ur-Maked%C3%B3n%C3%ADa" title="Norður-Makedónía">Norður-Makedónía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%BAgal" title="Portúgal">Portúgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3lland" title="Pólland">Pólland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAmen%C3%ADa" title="Rúmenía">Rúmenía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mar%C3%ADn%C3%B3" title="San Marínó">San Marínó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb%C3%ADa" title="Serbía">Serbía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%B3vak%C3%ADa" title="Slóvakía">Slóvakía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%B3ven%C3%ADa" title="Slóvenía">Slóvenía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn">Spánn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svartfjallaland" title="Svartfjallaland">Svartfjallaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviss" title="Sviss">Sviss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland">Tékkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland">Tyrkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungverjaland" title="Ungverjaland">Ungverjaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Akra%C3%ADna" title="Úkraína">Úkraína</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDskaland" title="Þýskaland">Þýskaland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750840"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norðurlandaráð" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750839"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-skoða"><a href="/wiki/Sni%C3%B0:Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0" title="Snið:Norðurlandaráð"><abbr title="Skoða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-ræða"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0aspjall:Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sniðaspjall:Norðurlandaráð (síða er ekki enn til)"><abbr title="Ræða þetta snið" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-breyta"><a class="external text" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sni%C3%B0:Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="Breyta þessu sniði" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norðurlandaráð" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0" title="Norðurlandaráð">Norðurlandaráð</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aðildarríki</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Danmerkur"><img alt="Fáni Danmerkur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Danm%C3%B6rk" title="Danmörk">Danmörk</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Finland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Finnlands"><img alt="Fáni Finnlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finnland" title="Finnland">Finnland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Iceland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Íslands"><img alt="Fáni Íslands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ísland</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Noregs"><img alt="Fáni Noregs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noregur" title="Noregur">Noregur</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Svíþjóðar"><img alt="Fáni Svíþjóðar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sv%C3%AD%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Svíþjóð">Svíþjóð</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Áheyrnarríki</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Álandseyja"><img alt="Fáni Álandseyja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/22px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/33px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/44px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81landseyjar" title="Álandseyjar">Álandseyjar</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Færeyja"><img alt="Fáni Færeyja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6reyjar" title="Færeyjar">Færeyjar</a> · <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Flag_of_Greenland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fáni Grænlands"><img alt="Fáni Grænlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nland" title="Grænland">Grænland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embætti</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Forseti_Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0s" title="Forseti Norðurlandaráðs">Forseti Norðurlandaráðs</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Framkv%C3%A6mdastj%C3%B3ri_Nor%C3%B0urlandar%C3%A1%C3%B0s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Framkvæmdastjóri Norðurlandaráðs (síða er ekki enn til)">Framkvæmdastjóri Norðurlandaráðs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1750840"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vestnorræna_ráðið" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" 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