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id="toc-Ezinye_ii-websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezinye_ii-websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ezinye ii-websites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ezinye_ii-websites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ezinye ii-websites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ezinye_ii-websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amanye_amaphepha_jikelele_nalawo_angembali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amanye_amaphepha_jikelele_nalawo_angembali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Amanye amaphepha jikelele nalawo angembali </span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amanye_amaphepha_jikelele_nalawo_angembali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izifundo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izifundo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Izifundo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izifundo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ii-Abacus_curiosities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ii-Abacus_curiosities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Ii-Abacus curiosities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ii-Abacus_curiosities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">I-abacus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – isiBhulu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="isiBhulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="معداد – Isi-Arabhu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معداد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Isi-Arabhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="এবাকাছ – isiAssamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এবাকাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="isiAssamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bacu" title="Ábacu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ábacu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakhu%C3%B1a" title="Jakhuña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jakhuña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – Isi-Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Isi-Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%87" title="چؤرتکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چؤرتکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Isi-Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Isi-Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Абак (сметало) – Isi-Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абак (сметало)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Isi-Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="অ্যাবাকাস – IsiBangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাবাকাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="IsiBangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(ra%C4%8Dunaljka)" title="Abakus (računaljka) – Isi-Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abakus (računaljka)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Isi-Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сампин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сампин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80bac" title="Àbac – Isi-Calatan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àbac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Isi-Calatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ung-bu%C3%A0ng" title="Sáung-buàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sáung-buàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADtadlo" title="Počítadlo – Isi-Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítadlo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Isi-Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacws" title="Abacws – Isi-Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abacws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Isi-Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus_(regnemaskine)" title="Abacus (regnemaskine) – Isi-Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abacus (regnemaskine)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Isi-Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(Rechenhilfsmittel)" title="Abakus (Rechenhilfsmittel) – IsiJamani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abakus (Rechenhilfsmittel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="IsiJamani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άβακας – Isi-Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άβακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Isi-Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – IsiNgesi" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="IsiNgesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abako_(me%C4%A5anika_kalkulilo)" title="Abako (meĥanika kalkulilo) – Isi-Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abako (meĥanika kalkulilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Isi-Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – Isi-Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Isi-Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Isi-Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Isi-Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abako" title="Abako – Isi-Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abako" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Isi-Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%87" title="چرتکه – Isi-Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرتکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Isi-Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmitaulu" title="Helmitaulu – Isi-Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Helmitaulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Isi-Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaque_(calcul)" title="Abaque (calcul) – IsiFrentshi" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abaque (calcul)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="IsiFrentshi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacas" title="Abacas – Isi-Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Abacas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Isi-Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E7%9B%A4" title="算盤 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="算盤" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouly%C3%A9" title="Boulyé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Boulyé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – Isi-Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Isi-Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="چۊرتيکا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چۊرتيکا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%98%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%80" title="મણકાઘોડી – Isi-Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મણકાઘોડી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Isi-Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="חשבונייה – Isi-Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חשבונייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Isi-Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="गिनतारा – IsiHindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिनतारा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="IsiHindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – Isi-Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Isi-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakusz" title="Abakusz – Isi-Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abakusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Isi-Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Աբակ (տախտակ) – isiArmenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբակ (տախտակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="isiArmenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swipoa" title="Swipoa – Isi-Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Swipoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Isi-Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abako" title="Abako – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abako" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talnagrind" title="Talnagrind – Isi-Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talnagrind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Isi-Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – IsiTaliyane" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="IsiTaliyane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%90%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9" title="アバカス – IsiJapan" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アバカス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="IsiJapan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakos" title="Abakos – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Abakos" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpoa" title="Simpoa – Isi-Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Simpoa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Isi-Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="აბაკი – Isi-Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბაკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Isi-Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81" title="ក្បាច់គិតលេខ – isiCambodia" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្បាច់គិតលេខ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="isiCambodia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಅಬ್ಯಾಕಸ್‌ – Isi-Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಬ್ಯಾಕಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Isi-Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%90" title="주판 – Isi-Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Isi-Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%95" title="گِنتارٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گِنتارٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Абак (математика) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абак (математика)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – Isi-Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Isi-Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaco" title="Abaco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Abaco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8lraam" title="Tèlraam – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tèlraam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ລູກຄິດ – IsiLoathian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລູກຄິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="IsiLoathian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakas" title="Abakas – Isi-Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Isi-Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skait%C4%ABk%C4%BCi" title="Skaitīkļi – Isi-Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skaitīkļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Isi-Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сметалка – Isi-Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сметалка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Isi-Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="മണിച്ചട്ടം – Isi-Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണിച്ചട്ടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Isi-Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Сампин – IsiMongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сампин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="IsiMongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sempoa" title="Sempoa – Isi-Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sempoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Isi-Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="अबाकस – Isi-Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अबाकस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Isi-Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus_(rekentuig)" title="Abacus (rekentuig) – IsiDatshi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abacus (rekentuig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="IsiDatshi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleramme" title="Kuleramme – Isi-Norwegia (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kuleramme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Isi-Norwegia (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(kuleramme)" title="Abakus (kuleramme) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abakus (kuleramme)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਅਬੈਕਸ – Isi-Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਬੈਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Isi-Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(liczyd%C5%82o)" title="Abakus (liczydło) – Isi-Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abakus (liczydło)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Isi-Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80baco" title="Àbaco – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Àbaco" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="گنتارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گنتارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81baco" title="Ábaco – IsiPhuthukezi" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ábaco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="IsiPhuthukezi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abac" title="Abac – Isi-Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abac" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Isi-Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Isi-Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Isi-Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badduttuleri" title="Badduttuleri – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Badduttuleri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="آباڪس – isiSindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آباڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="isiSindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(ra%C4%8Dunanje)" title="Abakus (računanje) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abakus (računanje)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus" title="Abacus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abacus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus_(po%C4%8D%C3%ADtacia_tabu%C4%BEka)" title="Abakus (počítacia tabuľka) – Isi-Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abakus (počítacia tabuľka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Isi-Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – Isi-Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Isi-Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakusi" title="Abakusi – Isi-Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abakusi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Isi-Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5)" title="Абакус (рачунање) – Isi-Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абакус (рачунање)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Isi-Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipoah" title="Sipoah – Isi-Sudanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sipoah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Isi-Sudanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Isi-Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Isi-Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakasi" title="Abakasi – Isi-Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abakasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Isi-Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எண்சட்டம் – Isi-Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எண்சட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Isi-Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="అబాకస్ – Isi-Telegu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అబాకస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Isi-Telegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Абак – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абак" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ลูกคิด – Isi-Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูกคิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Isi-Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abakus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak%C3%BCs" title="Abaküs – Isi-Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abaküs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Isi-Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="Абак (рахівниця) – Isi-Ukranian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абак (рахівниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Isi-Ukranian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="گنتارا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنتارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abak" title="Abak – Isi-Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Isi-Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0n_t%C3%ADnh" title="Bàn tính – Isi-Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bàn tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Isi-Vietnamese" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Livela</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="xh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ngokweenkcukacha:Kugleramme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kugleramme.jpg/220px-Kugleramme.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kugleramme.jpg/330px-Kugleramme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kugleramme.jpg/440px-Kugleramme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1675" data-file-height="1793" /></a><figcaption>i-Abacus</figcaption></figure> <p>I-<b>abacus</b> sisixhobo sakudala-dala esasidla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-math. Isasetyenziswa nangoku kwiindawo ezithile apha emhlabeni.  ngamanye amaxesha iimfama zisayakuyisebenzisa i-abacus, kuba zikwazi lula ukuweva ngezandla amanani. I-abacus ezixhaphakileyo zisebenza ngokuhamba-hambisa ii-beads kunye nee-rods. </p><p>Ii-Abacuses zingabala ngokudibanisa  okanye ukongeza ngoku<a href="/wiki/Ukuthabatha" title="Ukuthabatha">thabatha</a> okanye ukuphungula, ngo<a href="/wiki/Ukuphinda-phinda" title="Ukuphinda-phinda">mkuphinda-phinda</a>, ngokwahlula-hlula, kwaye abantu bangazisebenzisa ukufumana i-square root se-<a href="/wiki/I-integer" title="I-integer">whole numbers</a>. Iingcaphephe,  okanye oompondo zihlanjiwe be-abacus ngamanye amaxesha bayibala ngokukhawuleza okugqithileyo i-maths bade bodlule nezo-calculators. Kukho iabacus exhaphake eTshayina.  Le abacus yahlulwe yaziintlobo ezimbini zemigca, eziphezulu zeze-"5"s, ezisezantsi zezoo-"ones". Kukho i-bead enye okanye ezimbini kumgca ongasentla, kwanezine okanye ezintlanu kwimgca engezantsi.   Umzekelo, u-8 yi-bead enye ngasentla nezi-3 ngezantsi, kuba u-5 + no-3 = 8. Ikholam nganye imele i-digit eyahlukileyo.  I-Abacus ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-math kwaye ibangumdlalo nje ukudlala ngayo. Kulungile ukuyinika abantwana njengezixhobo zokudlala okanye ibancede bafunde ngayo.  <span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="30"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezinye_ii-websites">Ezinye ii-websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Lungisa le-section: Ezinye ii-websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tshintsha</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Ezinye ii-websites"><span>Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amanye_amaphepha_jikelele_nalawo_angembali">Amanye amaphepha jikelele nalawo angembali </h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Lungisa le-section: Amanye amaphepha jikelele nalawo angembali " class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tshintsha</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Amanye amaphepha jikelele nalawo angembali "><span>Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009001232/http://www.abacus.ca/abacus-images.php">Iifoto kunye nemifanekiso ye-Abacus <br /> </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/">I-Abacus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Abacus.html#4">I-abacus yaseRoma<br /> </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izifundo">Izifundo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Lungisa le-section: Izifundo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tshintsha</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Izifundo"><span>Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060524032030/http://es.geocities.com/abacosoroban/">I-Manual de uso del Abaco Japonés Soroban</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minmm.com/minc/show_classes.php?id=273">I-Min Multimedia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010221115956/http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/sapienti/abacus01.htm">I-Suan Pan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webhome.idirect.com/~totton/abacus/">i-Abacus: Mystery of the Bead - an Abacus Manual</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ii-Abacus_curiosities">Ii-Abacus curiosities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Lungisa le-section: Ii-Abacus curiosities" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tshintsha</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I-abacus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ii-Abacus curiosities"><span>Yenza izilungiso kokubhaliweyo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cut-the-knot.org/blue/Abacus.shtml">I-Abacus in Various Number Systems</a> at cut-the-knot</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041009110126/http://www.tux.org/~bagleyd/abacus.html">I-Java applet of Chinese, Japanese and Russian abaci</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.research.ibm.com/atomic/nano/roomtemp.html">I- atomic-scale abacus</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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