Supreme Court Network Visualizations

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"/> <meta name="language" content="en_us"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/> <meta name="description" content="Create alerts, search for and browse the latest case law, PACER documents, judges, and oral arguments. Updated automatically with the latest court documents. An initiative of Free Law Project."/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="CourtListener" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/xml/opensearch.72b938ad7809.xml" /> <meta name="application-name" content="CourtListener"/> <meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="Create alerts, search for and browse the latest case law."/> <meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="https://www.courtlistener.com"/> <meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#6683B7"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@freelawproject"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@courtlistener"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:title" content="CourtListener"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Create alerts, search for and browse the latest case law, PACER documents, judges, and oral arguments. Updated automatically with the latest court documents. An initiative of Free Law Project."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.courtlistener.com/visualizations/scotus-mapper/"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CourtListener"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/png/og-image-1200x630.7f25387a570b.png"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"/> <meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="The CourtListener logo"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"/> <link rel="icon" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/ico/favicon.db8385d9ed4d.ico" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/svg/favicon.a124c6fa7c63.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/png/apple-touch-icon.bd1491b64e6d.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/json/manifest.ea07720093b9.json"> <link href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/css/font-awesome.71fa7db63e3e.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>Supreme Court Network Visualizations - CourtListener.com</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/css/plottable.f66ba2c81db5.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/css/bootstrap/3.3.0/bootstrap.min.90ccf319d703.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/css/override.d4e19cd0bd0b.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection"> </head> <body class=""> <div class="container round-bottom"> <header class="row">    <div class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/" tabindex="1"> <svg class="cl-full-logo" viewBox="0 0 635.32 292.37" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g id="Layer_2" data-name="Layer 2"> <g> <rect class="cls-4" x="144.69" y="260.05" width="7.44" height="26.76"/> <rect class="cls-4" x="69.06" y="260.05" width="7.44" height="26.76"/> <rect class="cls-4" x="87.97" y="260.05" width="7.44" height="26.76"/> <rect class="cls-1" x="106.88" y="260.05" width="7.44" height="26.76"/> <rect class="cls-4" x="125.78" y="260.05" width="7.44" height="26.76"/> </g> <g> <g> <path class="cls-1" d="M63.34,216.92c0-3.14.57-6.24,1.7-9.31,1.13-3.07,2.79-5.81,4.96-8.23,2.17-2.42,4.83-4.37,7.97-5.87,3.14-1.5,6.72-2.25,10.73-2.25,4.73,0,8.83,1.04,12.28,3.12,3.45,2.08,6.03,4.78,7.72,8.12l-7.68,5.29c-.68-1.45-1.5-2.67-2.46-3.66-.97-.99-2.01-1.78-3.12-2.36-1.11-.58-2.27-1-3.48-1.27-1.21-.27-2.39-.4-3.55-.4-2.51,0-4.7.51-6.56,1.52-1.86,1.02-3.41,2.33-4.64,3.95-1.23,1.62-2.16,3.46-2.79,5.51-.63,2.05-.94,4.1-.94,6.12,0,2.27.36,4.46,1.09,6.56.72,2.1,1.75,3.95,3.08,5.54,1.33,1.59,2.92,2.88,4.78,3.84,1.86.97,3.9,1.45,6.12,1.45,1.16,0,2.37-.15,3.62-.43,1.26-.29,2.45-.75,3.59-1.38,1.13-.63,2.19-1.44,3.15-2.43.97-.99,1.74-2.19,2.32-3.59l8.19,4.71c-.82,1.93-1.99,3.64-3.52,5.11-1.52,1.47-3.24,2.72-5.15,3.73-1.91,1.01-3.95,1.79-6.12,2.32-2.17.53-4.3.8-6.38.8-3.67,0-7.03-.77-10.07-2.32-3.04-1.55-5.67-3.56-7.86-6.05-2.2-2.49-3.91-5.31-5.15-8.48-1.23-3.16-1.85-6.39-1.85-9.68Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M138.14,243.38c-3.77,0-7.19-.74-10.26-2.21-3.07-1.47-5.7-3.43-7.9-5.87-2.2-2.44-3.9-5.23-5.11-8.37-1.21-3.14-1.81-6.35-1.81-9.64s.64-6.72,1.92-9.86c1.28-3.14,3.04-5.92,5.29-8.33,2.25-2.42,4.92-4.34,8.01-5.76,3.09-1.42,6.45-2.14,10.07-2.14s7.11.76,10.18,2.28c3.07,1.52,5.69,3.52,7.86,5.98,2.17,2.46,3.87,5.27,5.07,8.41,1.21,3.14,1.81,6.33,1.81,9.57,0,3.43-.63,6.7-1.88,9.82-1.26,3.12-3,5.87-5.22,8.26-2.22,2.39-4.88,4.3-7.97,5.73-3.09,1.43-6.45,2.14-10.07,2.14ZM123.21,217.29c0,2.22.34,4.37,1.01,6.45.68,2.08,1.65,3.91,2.94,5.51,1.28,1.59,2.85,2.88,4.71,3.84,1.86.97,3.97,1.45,6.34,1.45s4.55-.49,6.41-1.49c1.86-.99,3.43-2.31,4.71-3.95,1.28-1.64,2.25-3.49,2.9-5.54.65-2.05.98-4.14.98-6.27s-.35-4.37-1.05-6.45c-.7-2.08-1.69-3.91-2.97-5.51-1.28-1.59-2.85-2.86-4.71-3.8-1.86-.94-3.95-1.41-6.27-1.41s-4.57.5-6.45,1.49c-1.88.99-3.46,2.3-4.71,3.91-1.26,1.62-2.21,3.46-2.86,5.51-.65,2.05-.98,4.14-.98,6.27Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M192.71,234.54c2.37,0,4.36-.48,5.98-1.45,1.62-.97,2.92-2.22,3.91-3.77.99-1.55,1.69-3.32,2.1-5.33.41-2,.62-4.07.62-6.2v-26.24h9.93v26.24c0,3.53-.42,6.84-1.27,9.93-.85,3.09-2.17,5.8-3.99,8.12s-4.14,4.16-6.99,5.51c-2.85,1.35-6.26,2.03-10.22,2.03s-7.6-.71-10.47-2.14c-2.88-1.42-5.21-3.31-6.99-5.65-1.79-2.34-3.08-5.06-3.88-8.15-.8-3.09-1.2-6.31-1.2-9.64v-26.24h10v26.24c0,2.17.21,4.26.62,6.27.41,2.01,1.11,3.78,2.1,5.33.99,1.55,2.28,2.79,3.88,3.73s3.55,1.41,5.87,1.41Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M225.33,243.01v-51.46h22.76c2.37,0,4.55.5,6.56,1.49,2,.99,3.73,2.3,5.18,3.91,1.45,1.62,2.58,3.46,3.41,5.51.82,2.05,1.23,4.12,1.23,6.2,0,3.33-.83,6.37-2.5,9.1-1.67,2.73-3.93,4.7-6.78,5.91l11.74,19.35h-11.23l-10.51-17.25h-9.86v17.25h-10ZM235.33,217h12.54c.92,0,1.78-.22,2.57-.65.8-.43,1.49-1.03,2.07-1.78.58-.75,1.04-1.63,1.38-2.65.34-1.01.51-2.1.51-3.26s-.19-2.32-.58-3.33c-.39-1.01-.91-1.9-1.56-2.65-.65-.75-1.4-1.33-2.25-1.74-.85-.41-1.7-.62-2.57-.62h-12.1v16.67Z"/> </g> <path class="cls-1" d="M310.71,200.33h-16.45v42.69h-9.93v-42.69h-16.45v-8.77h42.83v8.77Z"/> <g> <path class="cls-1" d="M329.91,243.01v-51.46h5.07v46.96h29.72v4.49h-34.79Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M368.54,243.01v-51.46h5.07v51.46h-5.07Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M412.97,201.2c-1.45-1.64-3.38-2.97-5.8-3.99-2.42-1.01-5.17-1.52-8.26-1.52-4.54,0-7.85.86-9.93,2.57-2.08,1.72-3.12,4.05-3.12,6.99,0,1.55.28,2.82.83,3.81.55.99,1.41,1.85,2.57,2.57,1.16.73,2.65,1.35,4.46,1.88,1.81.53,3.95,1.06,6.41,1.59,2.75.58,5.23,1.23,7.43,1.96,2.2.72,4.07,1.63,5.62,2.72,1.55,1.09,2.73,2.4,3.55,3.95.82,1.55,1.23,3.48,1.23,5.8s-.46,4.42-1.38,6.16c-.92,1.74-2.2,3.19-3.84,4.35-1.64,1.16-3.6,2.02-5.87,2.57-2.27.55-4.76.83-7.46.83-7.97,0-14.86-2.49-20.66-7.46l2.54-4.13c.92.97,2.02,1.88,3.3,2.75,1.28.87,2.71,1.63,4.28,2.28,1.57.65,3.25,1.16,5.04,1.52,1.79.36,3.67.54,5.65.54,4.11,0,7.31-.74,9.6-2.21,2.29-1.47,3.44-3.71,3.44-6.7,0-1.59-.33-2.94-.98-4.02-.65-1.09-1.63-2.03-2.94-2.83-1.3-.8-2.92-1.49-4.86-2.07-1.93-.58-4.18-1.16-6.74-1.74-2.71-.63-5.07-1.28-7.1-1.96-2.03-.68-3.74-1.52-5.15-2.54-1.4-1.01-2.45-2.23-3.15-3.66-.7-1.42-1.05-3.18-1.05-5.25,0-2.37.45-4.48,1.34-6.34.89-1.86,2.16-3.41,3.81-4.64,1.64-1.23,3.58-2.17,5.8-2.83,2.22-.65,4.69-.98,7.39-.98,3.43,0,6.49.52,9.17,1.56,2.68,1.04,5.11,2.5,7.28,4.38l-2.46,4.06Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M459.79,196.05h-18.34v46.97h-5.07v-46.97h-18.34v-4.49h41.75v4.49Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M498.42,238.52v4.49h-34.57v-51.46h33.92v4.49h-28.85v18.55h25.15v4.28h-25.15v19.64h29.5Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M509.43,200.98v42.04h-5.07v-51.46h3.91l34.06,42.83v-42.76h5.07v51.39h-4.42l-33.56-42.04Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M591.26,238.52v4.49h-34.57v-51.46h33.92v4.49h-28.85v18.55h25.15v4.28h-25.15v19.64h29.5Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M597.2,243.01v-51.46h21.74c2.22,0,4.26.47,6.12,1.41,1.86.94,3.47,2.17,4.82,3.7,1.35,1.52,2.4,3.25,3.15,5.18.75,1.93,1.12,3.89,1.12,5.87s-.28,3.68-.83,5.4c-.56,1.72-1.33,3.26-2.32,4.64-.99,1.38-2.19,2.54-3.59,3.48-1.4.94-2.97,1.58-4.71,1.92l12.61,19.86h-5.73l-12.1-18.99h-15.22v18.99h-5.07ZM602.27,219.53h16.81c1.5,0,2.86-.33,4.1-.98,1.23-.65,2.28-1.53,3.15-2.65.87-1.11,1.55-2.37,2.03-3.77.48-1.4.73-2.87.73-4.42s-.28-3.03-.83-4.46c-.56-1.42-1.3-2.67-2.25-3.73-.94-1.06-2.05-1.91-3.33-2.54-1.28-.63-2.62-.94-4.02-.94h-16.38v23.48Z"/> </g> </g> <g> <path class="cls-2" d="M193.32,279.1c0,1.01-.2,1.94-.61,2.79-.41.85-.95,1.58-1.63,2.2-.68.62-1.48,1.1-2.39,1.44s-1.89.51-2.93.51h-12.73v-26.99h13c.94,0,1.79.2,2.55.61.76.41,1.41.93,1.94,1.58.53.65.94,1.38,1.24,2.2.29.82.44,1.65.44,2.49,0,1.37-.34,2.62-1.03,3.74-.68,1.13-1.63,1.97-2.85,2.53,1.55.46,2.77,1.31,3.67,2.55.9,1.24,1.35,2.69,1.35,4.33ZM175.69,261.38v9.96h9.27c.66,0,1.27-.14,1.84-.42.57-.28,1.06-.65,1.46-1.1.41-.46.72-.98.95-1.58.23-.6.34-1.22.34-1.88s-.11-1.33-.32-1.94c-.22-.61-.52-1.13-.91-1.58-.39-.44-.86-.8-1.39-1.06-.53-.27-1.12-.4-1.75-.4h-9.5ZM190.66,278.64c0-.66-.11-1.3-.34-1.92-.23-.62-.55-1.16-.97-1.63-.42-.47-.91-.85-1.48-1.14-.57-.29-1.18-.44-1.84-.44h-10.34v10.22h10.07c.68,0,1.32-.14,1.92-.42.59-.28,1.11-.65,1.56-1.12.44-.47.79-1.01,1.05-1.63.25-.62.38-1.26.38-1.92Z"/> <path class="cls-2" d="M200.05,259.07l8.82,14.52,8.89-14.52h2.89l-10.45,16.95v10.03h-2.66v-10.11l-10.41-16.88h2.93Z"/> </g> <g> <path class="cls-2" d="M238.36,286.05v-26.99h17.71v2.36h-15.05v9.92h12.69v2.2h-12.69v12.5h-2.66Z"/> <path class="cls-2" d="M263.41,286.05v-26.99h11.4c1.17,0,2.24.25,3.21.74.97.49,1.82,1.14,2.53,1.94.71.8,1.26,1.7,1.65,2.72.39,1.01.59,2.04.59,3.08s-.15,1.93-.44,2.83c-.29.9-.7,1.71-1.22,2.43-.52.72-1.15,1.33-1.88,1.82-.74.49-1.56.83-2.47,1.01l6.61,10.41h-3l-6.35-9.96h-7.98v9.96h-2.66ZM266.07,273.74h8.82c.79,0,1.5-.17,2.15-.51s1.2-.8,1.65-1.39c.46-.58.81-1.24,1.06-1.98.25-.73.38-1.51.38-2.32s-.15-1.59-.44-2.34c-.29-.75-.68-1.4-1.18-1.96-.49-.56-1.08-1-1.75-1.33-.67-.33-1.37-.49-2.11-.49h-8.59v12.31Z"/> <path class="cls-2" d="M309.02,283.7v2.36h-18.13v-26.99h17.79v2.36h-15.13v9.73h13.19v2.24h-13.19v10.3h15.47Z"/> <path class="cls-2" d="M334.82,283.7v2.36h-18.13v-26.99h17.79v2.36h-15.13v9.73h13.19v2.24h-13.19v10.3h15.47Z"/> </g> <path class="cls-2" d="M344.4,286.47c-.68,0-1.26-.22-1.75-.66-.49-.44-.74-1.05-.74-1.84,0-.67.24-1.24.7-1.72.47-.48,1.05-.72,1.74-.72s1.28.24,1.76.71c.49.48.73,1.05.73,1.73,0,.78-.24,1.39-.73,1.83-.49.44-1.06.66-1.71.66Z"/> <g> <path class="cls-2" d="M353.01,286.05v-26.99h2.66v24.63h15.58v2.36h-18.24Z"/> <path class="cls-2" d="M386.19,259.07h2.24l11.21,26.99h-2.81l-3.5-8.44h-12.13l-3.46,8.44h-2.85l11.29-26.99ZM392.73,275.52l-5.44-13.34-5.51,13.34h10.95Z"/> </g> <path class="cls-2" d="M409.07,259.26h2.51l3.8,9.58,3.84-9.58h2.55l-4.71,11.52,5.17,12.2,9.77-23.91h2.89l-11.44,26.99h-2.36l-5.66-13.34-5.7,13.34h-2.32l-11.4-26.99h2.85l9.81,23.91,5.13-12.2-4.71-11.52Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="M108.64.25c-3.36.78-6.07,3.5-6.83,6.86-1.03,4.57,1.38,8.74,5.17,10.47v157.28h7.7V17.59c3.2-1.44,5.43-4.64,5.43-8.37,0-5.79-5.4-10.36-11.47-8.97Z"/> </g> <a xlink:href="https://free.law/" xlink:show="new"> <g id="Layer_4" data-name="Layer 4"> <rect class="free-law-link" x="64.43" y="247.23" width="399.41" height="45.14"/> </g> </a> <g id="Layer_3" data-name="Layer 3"> <g> <path class="cls-4" d="M208.79,138.68h-47.85v3.95c.02,4.78,2.93,7.71,7.69,7.71,10.42-.02,20.83-.05,31.27-.07.95-.02,1.94-.05,2.86-.3,5.75-1.52,6.81-6.28,6.03-11.29Z"/> <path class="cls-4" d="M219.07,80c-1.73-1.76-3.88-2.63-6.44-2.63-2.77,0-5.03.85-6.79,2.59-.85.83-1.5,1.8-1.92,2.89h-57.83v92.79h7.51s0-85.29,0-85.29h29.05c0,3.35,0,6.7-.05,10.05-.02.65-.12,1.34-.32,1.94-3.44,9.72-6.91,19.42-10.3,29.12-.3.85-.67,1.13-1.52,1.11-3-.05-5.98,0-8.96.02-.99,0-1.39.39-1.39,1.27s.44,1.29,1.5,1.27c2.86,0,5.7-.07,8.57-.09,12.93-.05,25.87-.12,38.82-.16,1.18,0,1.73-.44,1.71-1.29s-.51-1.22-1.66-1.22c-2.47,0-4.92,0-7.37.05-.72.02-1.04-.21-1.32-.88-4.11-9.7-8.22-19.38-12.33-29.08-.14-.3-.21-.62-.21-.95v-11.15h16.12c.39.95.97,1.85,1.71,2.7,1.64,1.85,3.93,2.79,6.88,2.79,2.61,0,4.8-.88,6.54-2.66,1.73-1.76,2.61-3.95,2.61-6.63s-.88-4.78-2.61-6.56ZM195.93,132.35h-19.61c2.93-8.27,5.87-16.56,8.8-24.83h.25c3.51,8.22,7,16.44,10.55,24.83ZM215.26,89.72c-.79.88-1.71,1.32-2.77,1.32s-2.06-.44-2.84-1.34c-.79-.9-1.18-1.99-1.18-3.26,0-1.18.42-2.17,1.2-3,.79-.85,1.73-1.27,2.82-1.27s1.99.46,2.77,1.34c.79.9,1.18,1.94,1.18,3.14s-.39,2.19-1.18,3.07Z"/> <path class="cls-4" d="M62.35,159.33H14.5c0,1.43-.02,2.68,0,3.93,0,4.78,2.93,7.71,7.67,7.71,10.42-.02,20.85-.05,31.27-.07.95,0,1.94-.05,2.86-.3,5.75-1.52,6.81-6.28,6.05-11.27Z"/> <path class="cls-4" d="M17.94,103.65c-.44-1.22-1.13-2.33-2.08-3.3-1.76-1.76-3.9-2.63-6.47-2.63-2.75,0-5.01.85-6.77,2.59s-2.63,3.97-2.63,6.7c0,2.4.81,4.53,2.45,6.4,1.64,1.85,3.93,2.79,6.88,2.79,2.61,0,4.78-.88,6.54-2.63.72-.74,1.27-1.52,1.71-2.4h18.61c0,3.28,0,6.58-.05,9.86,0,.65-.12,1.34-.32,1.94-3.42,9.72-6.88,19.4-10.3,29.12-.3.85-.65,1.11-1.52,1.11-2.98-.05-5.98,0-8.96.02-.97,0-1.39.39-1.39,1.27.02.88.46,1.27,1.52,1.27,2.84-.02,5.7-.07,8.54-.09,12.93-.07,25.89-.12,38.82-.16,1.2-.02,1.73-.44,1.71-1.32,0-.83-.49-1.2-1.66-1.2-2.45,0-4.92-.02-7.37.05-.69,0-1.04-.21-1.32-.88-4.09-9.7-8.22-19.38-12.33-29.08-.12-.3-.21-.65-.21-.97,0-3.63,0-7.3.02-10.95h29.01v64.48h7.51s0-71.98,0-71.98H17.94ZM12.06,110.07c-.81.88-1.71,1.32-2.77,1.32s-2.06-.44-2.84-1.34c-.79-.9-1.18-1.99-1.18-3.26,0-1.15.39-2.17,1.2-3,.79-.83,1.73-1.27,2.82-1.27s1.96.46,2.77,1.34c.79.9,1.18,1.94,1.18,3.14s-.39,2.22-1.18,3.07ZM49.49,152.98h-19.61c2.93-8.27,5.87-16.56,8.8-24.83.07,0,.16,0,.25-.02,3.49,8.22,6.97,16.47,10.55,24.85Z"/> <path class="cls-4" d="M99.67,26.6c-1.73-1.76-3.88-2.63-6.44-2.63-2.75,0-5.01.85-6.77,2.59-1.78,1.73-2.66,3.97-2.66,6.7,0,2.4.83,4.53,2.47,6.4.83.95,1.85,1.66,3.03,2.1v133.88h7.51V41.75c1.06-.44,2.01-1.09,2.86-1.96,1.76-1.76,2.61-3.95,2.61-6.63s-.85-4.78-2.61-6.56ZM95.86,36.33c-.79.88-1.71,1.32-2.75,1.32-1.11,0-2.06-.44-2.84-1.34-.79-.9-1.18-1.99-1.18-3.26,0-1.18.39-2.17,1.18-3,.79-.85,1.73-1.27,2.84-1.27,1.04,0,1.96.46,2.75,1.34.81.9,1.2,1.94,1.2,3.14s-.39,2.19-1.2,3.07Z"/> <path class="cls-4" d="M137.69,48.17c-1.73-1.76-3.9-2.66-6.47-2.66-2.75,0-5.01.88-6.77,2.61-1.76,1.73-2.63,3.95-2.63,6.7,0,2.4.81,4.53,2.45,6.4.83.95,1.85,1.64,3.03,2.1v112.31h7.51V63.32c1.06-.44,2.03-1.11,2.89-1.96,1.73-1.76,2.61-3.97,2.61-6.63s-.88-4.8-2.61-6.56ZM133.88,57.9c-.79.88-1.71,1.32-2.77,1.32s-2.06-.46-2.84-1.34c-.79-.9-1.18-1.99-1.18-3.26,0-1.18.39-2.17,1.2-3,.79-.85,1.73-1.27,2.82-1.27s1.99.44,2.77,1.34c.79.9,1.18,1.94,1.18,3.14s-.39,2.19-1.18,3.07Z"/> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="https://free.law/about/" tabindex="200">About</a></li> <li><a href="/faq/" tabindex="201">FAQ</a></li> <li class="visible-xs"> <a href="https://donate.free.law/forms/membership" tabindex="203">Become a Member</a> </li> <li> <a href="/sign-in/?next=/visualizations/scotus-mapper/?" tabindex="204">Sign in / Register</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="navbar navbar-default subnav white-background" role="navigation"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="dropdown inactive" id="navbar-o"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" tabindex="100" data-toggle="dropdown">Case Law <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/opinion/" tabindex="101">Search Case Law</a> </li> <li> <a href="/c/" tabindex="102">Look Up Citations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/visualizations/scotus-mapper/" tabindex="102">Citation Visualizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/coverage/opinions/" tabindex="103">About this Collection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/api/rest/case-law/" tabindex="104">API</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown inactive" id="navbar-r"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" tabindex="200" data-toggle="dropdown">RECAP Archive <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/recap/" tabindex="201">Search PACER Data</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://free.law/recap/" tabindex="202">Install RECAP</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/alerts/#recap-alerts" tabindex="204">Get Case Alerts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/coverage/recap/" tabindex="205">About this Collection</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://free.law/data-consulting/" tabindex="206">Bulk Data Service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/api/rest/pacer/" tabindex="207">API</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown inactive" id="navbar-oa"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" tabindex="300" data-toggle="dropdown">Oral Arguments <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/audio/" tabindex="301">Search Oral Arguments</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/alerts/#search-alerts" tabindex="302">Get Search Alerts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/podcasts/" tabindex="303">Custom Podcasts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/coverage/oral-arguments/" tabindex="304">About this Collection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/api/rest/oral-arguments/" tabindex="305">API</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown inactive" id="navbar-p"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" tabindex="400" data-toggle="dropdown">Judges <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/person/" tabindex="401">Search Judges</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://free.law/projects/judge-db" tabindex="404">About this Collection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/api/rest/judges/" tabindex="405">API</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown inactive" id="navbar-fd"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" tabindex="500" data-toggle="dropdown">Financial Disclosures <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/financial-disclosures/" tabindex="501">Search Financial Disclosures</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/coverage/financial-disclosures/" tabindex="502">About this Collection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/help/api/rest/financial-disclosures/" tabindex="503">API</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="inactive hidden-xs"> <a href="https://donate.free.law/forms/membership" tabindex="600" class="donate"><i class="fa fa-heart-o"></i> Donate</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="row content"> <div id="viz-homepage" class="col-xs-12"> <div class="row v-offset-below-3"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="row v-offset-above-2"> <div class="col-xs-12" id="background-chart"> <div id="chart-4680" data-height="200"></div> </div> </div> <div class="white-out"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="text-center x-large v-offset-above-4" id="title">Supreme Court Citation Networks </p> <p class="text-center large gray">A collaboration between Free Law Project and the University of Baltimore School of Law </p> </div> </div> <div class="row v-offset-above-6"> <div class="col-md-1"></div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-10"> <p class="lead"><strong>With this free tool</strong> you can analyze and study lines of Supreme Court cases by creating citation networks. You can quickly access the full text of all the case law in your citation network as well as examine all the associated case data from Supreme Court Database (Spaeth). Citation networks are visualized graphically and underlying data is also presented in sortable tables. You can save your networks, edit and comment upon them, and share them too. You can even embed interactive network visualizations in your website or blog. Learn more by looking below at our gallery of shared networks or by making one yourself. </p> <div class="text-center v-offset-above-3" id="new-button"><a href="/visualizations/scotus-mapper/new/" class="btn btn-sm btn-xl btn-primary">Make a Network</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row v-offset-above-3"> <div class="col-md-6"> <h3 class="text-center">How it All Works</h3> <p> When the Supreme Court decides cases, it usually hands down an opinion justifying its holding by reference to precedent. Court opinions invoke precedent by citing to prior cases that confronted similar or related questions of law. Over time, as the Court elaborates on legal doctrine, earlier cases become connected to later cases by chains of citation. Lawyers often refer to such chains of related cases as lines of cases. This tool allows users to analyze and study lines of cases by creating citation networks. </p> <p> Citation networks connect any two Supreme Court cases at three “degrees of separation.” To understand what this means, imagine a line of cases running from <i>Case A</i> to <i>Case Z</i>. If <i>Case Z</i> directly cites <i>Case A</i>, then that constitutes the 1-degree connection in the A-Z network. Now, if <i>Case Z</i> also cites to another case – <i>Case Y</i> – and <i>Case Y</i> in turn cites back to <i>Case A</i>, then <i>Case Y</i> forms a 2-degree connection in the A-Z network (Z->Y->A). Finally, if <i>Case Y</i> cites to yet another case – <i>Case B</i> – and <i>Case B</i> again cites to <i>Case A</i>, then <i>Case B</i> constitutes a 3-degree connection in the A-Z network (Z->Y->B->A). This tool automatically finds and displays <u>all</u> 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree connections between any two user-specified Supreme Court cases. </p> <p> In addition to showing the citation relationship between cases, this tool also leverages data about the cases available in the <a href="http://scdb.wustl.edu/index.php">Supreme Court Database (Spaeth)</a>. Specifically, the tool visualizes Spaeth data concerning the <a href="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=decisionDirection">decision direction</a> of cases (liberal v. conservative) and <a href="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=majVotes">vote count</a> (9-0, 8-1, etc). Links to the complete text of all opinions and links to the complete Spaeth data for a given case are also provided. </p> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <h3 class="text-center">Gallery</h3> <a href="/visualizations/gallery/"> <div id="chart-4623"></div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 v-offset-above-2"> <p class="right"> <a href="/visualizations/gallery/" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Check out the Gallery</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h3 class="text-center">Collaboration</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <a href="https://law.ubalt.edu/faculty/scotus-mapping/index.cfm" target="_blank"> <img src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/png/ubalt-logo.66236ea8b036.png" class="img-responsive" height="98" width="292"> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6"> <p class="v-offset-above-1">This project was proudly developed hand in hand by <a href="https://law.ubalt.edu/faculty/profiles/starger.cfm">Colin Starger</a> at the <a href="https://law.ubalt.edu/">University of Baltimore School of Law</a> and <a href="https://free.law">Free Law Project</a>. We look forward to seeing how it is used and to <a href="/contact/">hearing your feedback</a>. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row base-newsletter hidden-print"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <p class="bold bottom">Newsletter</p> <p>Sign up to receive the Free Law Project newsletter with tips and announcements.</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 right"> <a href="https://donate.free.law/np/clients/freelawproject/subscribe.jsp?forwardedFromSecureDomain=1&subscription=9" class="btn btn-default" tabindex="10000"> <i class="fa fa-newspaper-o"></i> Subscribe </a> </div> </div> <footer class="row hidden-print"> <div class="col-sm-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="col-sm-6 no-gutter"> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="https://free.law/about/" tabindex="11000">About</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/help/" tabindex="11001">Help</a> & <a href="/faq/">FAQ</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="https://donate.free.law/forms/membership" tabindex="11002">Donate</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 no-gutter"> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/help/coverage/" tabindex="11003">About Our Data</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/help/api/" tabindex="11004">APIs & Bulk Data</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/feeds/" tabindex="11005">Feeds</a> <span class="alt">&</span> <a href="/podcasts/" tabindex="11006">Podcasts</a> <i class="gray fa fa-podcast inline"></i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="col-sm-6 no-gutter"> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="https://free.law" tabindex="11007">Blog Posts</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/contact/" tabindex="11008">Contact</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="https://free.law/data-consulting/" tabindex="11009">Data Services</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/contribute/" tabindex="11010">Contribute</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 no-gutter"> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/terms/" tabindex="11011">Terms & Privacy</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/terms/#removal" tabindex="11012">Removal</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="https://free.law/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/" tabindex="11013">Vulnerability Policies</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 text-right" id="donate-image"> <a href="https://donate.free.law/forms/membership" tabindex="11014"> <img src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/png/donate-button.f21707e5ec7d.png" alt="Donate to support our work" height="75" width="227"> </a> </div> <div class="col-sm-12" id="by-line"> <p>CourtListener is sponsored by the non-profit <a href="https://free.law" tabindex="11015">Free Law Project</a>.</p> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="text-center hidden-print" id="social-container"> <a href="https://free.law/" class="fa-stack fa-lg" tabindex="12000"> <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x gray"></i> <i class="fa fa-link fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i> </a> <a href="https://x.com/freelawproject" rel="noreferrer" class="fa-stack fa-lg" tabindex="12001"> <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x gray"></i> <i class="fa fa-twitter fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i> </a> <a href="https://donate.free.law/np/clients/freelawproject/subscribe.jsp?subscription=9" class="fa-stack fa-lg" tabindex="12002"> <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x gray"></i> <i class="fa fa-newspaper-o fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i> </a> <a href="https://github.com/freelawproject/courtlistener" rel="noreferrer" class="fa-stack fa-lg" tabindex="12003"> <i class="fa fa-circle fa-stack-2x gray"></i> <i class="fa fa-github fa-stack-1x fa-inverse"></i> </a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/jquery/jquery-3.4.1.min.220afd743d9e.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/bootstrap.min.6c1ad0cd7c72.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/base.f78fd1a1bbda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" nonce="dAihMT9gkXHgoBzmUW7Z1g=="> var isMember = false, userAlertCount = 0, priceRtAlerts = parseFloat(10), maxFreeDocketAlerts = 5, recapBonusAlerts = 10; </script> <script type="text/javascript" nonce="dAihMT9gkXHgoBzmUW7Z1g=="> var opinions = { "4680": { "meta": { "donate": "Please consider donating to support more projects from Free Law Project", "version": 1.1 }, "opinion_clusters": [ { "id": 110118, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110118/smith-v-maryland/", "case_name": "Smith v. Maryland", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 20, "date_filed": "1979-06-20", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1978-134", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": {} } ] }, { "id": 110882, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110882/united-states-v-knotts/", "case_name": "United States v. Knotts", "case_name_short": "Knotts", "citation_count": 5, "date_filed": "1983-03-02", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1982-038", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110901, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110901/texas-v-brown/", "case_name": "Texas v. Brown", "case_name_short": "Brown", "citation_count": 4, "date_filed": "1983-04-19", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1982-057", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110985, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110985/immigration-naturalization-service-v-chadha/", "case_name": "Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Chadha", "case_name_short": "Chadha", "citation_count": 2, "date_filed": "1983-06-23", "decision_direction": 3, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1982-130", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111057, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111057/michigan-v-clifford/", "case_name": "Michigan v. Clifford", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1984-01-11", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1983-017", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111143, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111143/united-states-v-jacobsen/", "case_name": "United States v. Jacobsen", "case_name_short": "Jacobsen", "citation_count": 7, "date_filed": "1984-04-02", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1983-064", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111146, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111146/oliver-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Oliver v. United States", "case_name_short": "Oliver", "citation_count": 8, "date_filed": "1984-04-17", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1983-067", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110882": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110901": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111057": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111252, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111252/hudson-v-palmer/", "case_name": "Hudson v. Palmer", "case_name_short": "Hudson", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1984-07-03", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1983-159", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111257, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111257/united-states-v-karo/", "case_name": "United States v. Karo", "case_name_short": "Karo", "citation_count": 3, "date_filed": "1984-09-18", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1983-165", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111259, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111259/segura-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Segura v. United States", "case_name_short": "Segura", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1984-07-05", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1983-167", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111666, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111666/california-v-ciraolo/", "case_name": "California v. Ciraolo", "case_name_short": "Ciraolo", "citation_count": 5, "date_filed": "1986-06-30", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1985-082", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111667, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111667/dow-chemical-co-v-united-states-ex-rel-administrator/", "case_name": "Dow Chemical Co. v. United States Ex Rel. Administrator", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 3, "date_filed": "1986-05-19", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1985-083", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111833, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111833/united-states-v-dunn/", "case_name": "United States v. Dunn", "case_name_short": "Dunn", "citation_count": 3, "date_filed": "1987-04-20", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1986-046", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111851, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111851/oconnor-v-ortega/", "case_name": "O'CONNOR v. Ortega", "case_name_short": "O'Connor", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1987-03-31", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1986-064", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111943, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111943/california-v-rooney/", "case_name": "California v. Rooney", "case_name_short": "Rooney", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1987-09-21", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1986-148", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112067, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112067/california-v-greenwood/", "case_name": "California v. Greenwood", "case_name_short": "Greenwood", "citation_count": 5, "date_filed": "1988-05-16", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1987-079", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111667": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111833": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111943": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112175, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112175/florida-v-riley/", "case_name": "Florida v. Riley", "case_name_short": "Riley", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1989-04-03", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1988-025", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110882": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111667": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112448, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112448/horton-v-california/", "case_name": "Horton v. California", "case_name_short": "Horton", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1990-06-04", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1989-098", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110901": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112608, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112608/california-v-acevedo/", "case_name": "California v. Acevedo", "case_name_short": "Acevedo", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1991-06-03", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1990-092", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110882": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110901": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111257": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111833": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112795, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112795/soldal-v-cook-county/", "case_name": "Soldal v. Cook County", "case_name_short": "Soldal", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1992-12-08", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1992-007", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110901": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111252": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 117936, "absolute_url": "/opinion/117936/wilson-v-arkansas/", "case_name": "Wilson v. Arkansas", "case_name_short": "Wilson", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1995-05-22", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1994-060", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "111259": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118148, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118148/printz-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Printz v. United States", "case_name_short": "Printz", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1997-06-27", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1996-095", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110985": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118354, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118354/bond-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Bond v. United States", "case_name_short": "Bond", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2000-04-17", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1999-046", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118443, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118443/kyllo-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Kyllo v. United States", "case_name_short": "Kyllo", "citation_count": 4, "date_filed": "2001-06-11", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2000-069", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111257": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111667": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145640, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145640/samson-v-california/", "case_name": "Samson v. California", "case_name_short": "Samson", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2006-06-19", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "2005-071", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145777, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145777/district-of-columbia-v-heller/", "case_name": "District of Columbia v. Heller", "case_name_short": "Heller", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2008-06-26", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2007-071", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "118443": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 148797, "absolute_url": "/opinion/148797/city-of-ontario-v-quon/", "case_name": "City of Ontario v. Quon", "case_name_short": "Quon", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2010-06-17", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "2009-074", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 149703, "absolute_url": "/opinion/149703/free-enterprise-fund-v-public-company-accounting-oversight-bd/", "case_name": "Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Bd.", "case_name_short": "Free Enterprise", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2010-06-28", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2009-088", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110985": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 216733, "absolute_url": "/opinion/216733/kentucky-v-king/", "case_name": "Kentucky v. King", "case_name_short": "King", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2011-05-16", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 1, "scdb_id": "2010-044", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "118443": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 622304, "absolute_url": "/opinion/622304/united-states-v-jones/", "case_name": "United States v. Jones", "case_name_short": "Jones", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2012-01-23", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "2011-020", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110882": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111257": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111833": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118354": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118443": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 2680439, "absolute_url": "/opinion/2680439/riley-v-cal-united-states/", "case_name": "Riley v. Cal. United States", "case_name_short": "Riley", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2014-06-25", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "2013-065", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 2789928, "absolute_url": "/opinion/2789928/grady-v-north-carolina/", "case_name": "Grady v. North Carolina", "case_name_short": "Grady", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2015-03-30", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "2014-074", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "145640": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 4510032, "absolute_url": "/opinion/4510032/carpenter-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Carpenter v. United States", "case_name_short": "Carpenter", "citation_count": 0, "date_filed": "2018-06-22", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2017-021", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110882": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111851": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112175": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112448": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112608": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112795": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "117936": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118148": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118443": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "145777": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "148797": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "149703": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "216733": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "622304": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2680439": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2789928": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] } ] }, "4623": { "meta": { "donate": "Please consider donating to support more projects from Free Law Project", "version": 1.1 }, "opinion_clusters": [ { "id": 97356, "absolute_url": "/opinion/97356/muskrat-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Muskrat v. United States", "case_name_short": "Muskrat", "citation_count": 25, "date_filed": "1911-02-20", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1910-071", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": {} } ] }, { "id": 99930, "absolute_url": "/opinion/99930/fairchild-v-hughes/", "case_name": "Fairchild v. Hughes", "case_name_short": "Fairchild", "citation_count": 7, "date_filed": "1922-02-27", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1921-060", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 100833, "absolute_url": "/opinion/100833/tutun-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Tutun v. United States", "case_name_short": "Tutun", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1926-04-12", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1925-097", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 101307, "absolute_url": "/opinion/101307/willing-v-chicago-auditorium-assn/", "case_name": "Willing v. Chicago Auditorium Assn.", "case_name_short": "Willing", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1928-05-21", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1927-158", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 102032, "absolute_url": "/opinion/102032/nashville-c-st-lr-co-v-wallace/", "case_name": "Nashville, C. & St. LR Co. v. Wallace", "case_name_short": "Wallace", "citation_count": 2, "date_filed": "1933-02-06", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1932-112", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 102605, "absolute_url": "/opinion/102605/ashwander-v-tennessee-valley-authority/", "case_name": "Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority", "case_name_short": "Ashwander", "citation_count": 5, "date_filed": "1936-02-17", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 1, "scdb_id": "1935-133", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 102770, "absolute_url": "/opinion/102770/aetna-life-insurance-v-haworth/", "case_name": "Aetna Life Insurance v. Haworth", "case_name_short": "Haworth", "citation_count": 8, "date_filed": "1937-03-01", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1936-068", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 103222, "absolute_url": "/opinion/103222/coleman-v-miller/", "case_name": "Coleman v. Miller", "case_name_short": "Coleman", "citation_count": 6, "date_filed": "1939-06-05", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1938-044", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "100833": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "101307": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "102032": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "102605": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 103349, "absolute_url": "/opinion/103349/perkins-v-lukens-steel-co/", "case_name": "Perkins v. Lukens Steel Co.", "case_name_short": "Perkins", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1940-04-29", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 1, "scdb_id": "1939-044", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 103651, "absolute_url": "/opinion/103651/scripps-howard-radio-inc-v-federal-communications-commission/", "case_name": "Scripps-Howard Radio, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 2, "date_filed": "1942-04-06", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1941-046", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 104181, "absolute_url": "/opinion/104181/railway-mail-assn-v-corsi/", "case_name": "Railway Mail Assn. v. Corsi", "case_name_short": "Corsi", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1945-06-18", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1944-100", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102032": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 104510, "absolute_url": "/opinion/104510/chicago-southern-air-lines-inc-v-waterman-steamship-corp/", "case_name": "Chicago & Southern Air Lines, Inc. v. Waterman Steamship Corp.", "case_name_short": "Waterman SS", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1948-04-13", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1947-037", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 104894, "absolute_url": "/opinion/104894/joint-anti-fascist-refugee-committee-v-mcgrath/", "case_name": "Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath", "case_name_short": "Joint Anti-Fascist", "citation_count": 4, "date_filed": "1951-04-30", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1950-068", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 105326, "absolute_url": "/opinion/105326/united-states-ex-rel-toth-v-quarles/", "case_name": "United States Ex Rel. Toth v. Quarles", "case_name_short": "Quarles", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1955-02-09", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1955-004", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 105608, "absolute_url": "/opinion/105608/staub-v-city-of-baxley/", "case_name": "Staub v. City of Baxley", "case_name_short": "Staub", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1958-01-13", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1957-034", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 106282, "absolute_url": "/opinion/106282/poe-v-ullman/", "case_name": "Poe v. Ullman", "case_name_short": "Poe", "citation_count": 2, "date_filed": "1961-10-09", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1960-130", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 107731, "absolute_url": "/opinion/107731/flast-v-cohen/", "case_name": "Flast v. Cohen", "case_name_short": "Flast", "citation_count": 14, "date_filed": "1968-06-10", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 1, "scdb_id": "1967-159", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 108088, "absolute_url": "/opinion/108088/association-of-data-processing-service-organizations-inc-v-camp/", "case_name": "Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp", "case_name_short": "Camp", "citation_count": 6, "date_filed": "1970-03-03", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1969-053", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 108089, "absolute_url": "/opinion/108089/barlow-v-collins/", "case_name": "Barlow v. Collins", "case_name_short": "Barlow", "citation_count": 6, "date_filed": "1970-03-09", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1969-054", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 108502, "absolute_url": "/opinion/108502/sierra-club-v-morton/", "case_name": "Sierra Club v. Morton", "case_name_short": "Morton", "citation_count": 17, "date_filed": "1972-04-19", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 4, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1971-092", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 108906, "absolute_url": "/opinion/108906/oshea-v-littleton/", "case_name": "O'Shea v. Littleton", "case_name_short": "O'Shea", "citation_count": 11, "date_filed": "1974-01-15", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1973-037", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109005, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109005/california-bankers-assn-v-shultz/", "case_name": "California Bankers Assn. v. Shultz", "case_name_short": "Shultz", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1974-04-01", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1973-085", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "104510": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109007, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109007/super-tire-engineering-co-v-mccorkle/", "case_name": "Super Tire Engineering Co. v. McCorkle", "case_name_short": "McCorkle", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1974-04-16", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1973-086", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109086, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109086/united-states-v-richardson/", "case_name": "United States v. Richardson", "case_name_short": "Richardson", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1974-06-25", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1973-157", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "103651": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "106282": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108088": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108089": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109087, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109087/schlesinger-v-reservists-committee-to-stop-the-war/", "case_name": "Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War", "case_name_short": "Schlesinger", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1974-06-25", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1973-158", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108088": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108089": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109301, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109301/warth-v-seldin/", "case_name": "Warth v. Seldin", "case_name_short": "Warth", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1975-06-25", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1974-140", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "104894": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108088": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108089": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109462, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109462/simon-v-eastern-kentucky-welfare-rights-organization/", "case_name": "Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization", "case_name_short": "Simon", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1976-06-01", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1975-106", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "106282": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108088": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108089": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109007": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109815, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109815/carey-v-piphus/", "case_name": "Carey v. Piphus", "case_name_short": "Carey", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1978-03-21", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1977-051", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "103222": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "104894": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 109923, "absolute_url": "/opinion/109923/duke-power-co-v-carolina-environmental-study-group-inc/", "case_name": "Duke Power Co. v. Carolina Environmental Study Group, Inc.", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 8, "date_filed": "1978-06-26", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1977-140", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110056, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110056/gladstone-realtors-v-village-of-bellwood/", "case_name": "Gladstone, Realtors v. Village of Bellwood", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1979-04-17", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1978-073", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110099, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110099/babbitt-v-united-farm-workers-national-union/", "case_name": "Babbitt v. United Farm Workers National Union", "case_name_short": "Babbitt", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1979-06-05", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1978-114", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110227, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110227/gte-sylvania-inc-v-consumers-union-of-the-united-states-inc/", "case_name": "GTE Sylvania, Inc. v. Consumers Union of the United States, Inc.", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1980-03-19", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1979-059", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110599, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110599/valley-forge-christian-college-v-americans-united-for-separation-of-church/", "case_name": "Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc.", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1982-01-12", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1981-026", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102605": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "104894": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108088": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108089": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110654, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110654/havens-realty-corp-v-coleman/", "case_name": "Havens Realty Corp. v. Coleman", "case_name_short": "Coleman", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1982-02-24", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1981-047", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 110916, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110916/city-of-los-angeles-v-lyons/", "case_name": "City of Los Angeles v. Lyons", "case_name_short": "Lyons", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1983-04-20", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1982-064", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111258, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111258/allen-v-wright/", "case_name": "Allen v. Wright", "case_name_short": "Allen", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1984-09-18", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1983-166", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108089": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111661, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111661/diamond-v-charles/", "case_name": "Diamond v. Charles", "case_name_short": "Diamond", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1986-04-30", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1985-077", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 111982, "absolute_url": "/opinion/111982/honig-v-doe/", "case_name": "Honig v. Doe", "case_name_short": "Honig", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1988-01-20", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1987-022", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112139, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112139/morrison-v-olson/", "case_name": "Morrison v. Olson", "case_name_short": "Morrison", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1988-06-29", "decision_direction": 3, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 1, "scdb_id": "1987-149", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112173, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112173/mistretta-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Mistretta v. United States", "case_name_short": "Mistretta", "citation_count": 2, "date_filed": "1989-01-18", "decision_direction": 3, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 1, "scdb_id": "1988-023", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112305, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112305/public-citizen-v-united-states-department-of-justice/", "case_name": "Public Citizen v. United States Department of Justice", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1989-06-21", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 8, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1988-125", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "112139": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112173": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112348, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112348/fwpbs-inc-v-city-of-dallas/", "case_name": "FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1990-01-10", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1989-016", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "105608": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112418, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112418/whitmore-ex-rel-simmons-v-arkansas/", "case_name": "Whitmore Ex Rel. Simmons v. Arkansas", "case_name_short": "Whitmore", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1990-04-24", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1989-069", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "105326": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112747, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112747/lujan-v-defenders-of-wildlife/", "case_name": "Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife", "case_name_short": "Lujan", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1992-06-12", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1991-085", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112173": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112881, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112881/church-of-the-lukumi-babalu-aye-inc-v-city-of-hialeah/", "case_name": "Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah", "case_name_short": "Lukumi Babalu", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1993-06-11", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1992-093", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102605": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118146, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118146/raines-v-byrd/", "case_name": "Raines v. Byrd", "case_name_short": "Raines", "citation_count": 4, "date_filed": "1997-06-26", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1996-093", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "103222": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "104894": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118217, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118217/federal-election-commission-v-akins/", "case_name": "Federal Election Commission v. Akins", "case_name_short": "Akins", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1998-06-01", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1997-074", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102770": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "103222": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "103651": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108088": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118146": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118329, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118329/friends-of-the-earth-inc-v-laidlaw-environmental-services-toc-inc/", "case_name": "Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services (TOC), Inc.", "case_name_short": "Friends of Earth", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2000-01-12", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1999-001", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2620886": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118368, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118368/vermont-agency-of-natural-resources-v-united-states-ex-rel-stevens/", "case_name": "Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. United States Ex Rel. Stevens", "case_name_short": "Vermont Agency", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2000-05-22", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1999-062", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "102605": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "103222": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2620886": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145658, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145658/daimlerchrysler-corp-v-cuno/", "case_name": "DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno", "case_name_short": "Cuno", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2006-05-15", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "2005-053", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118146": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145749, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145749/massachusetts-v-environmental-protection-agency/", "case_name": "Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency", "case_name_short": "", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2007-04-02", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2006-026", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109923": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2620886": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145783, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145783/sprint-communications-co-v-apcc-services-inc/", "case_name": "Sprint Communications Co. v. APCC Services, Inc.", "case_name_short": "Sprint Communications", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2008-06-23", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2007-065", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "103222": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110227": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2620886": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145904, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145904/summers-v-earth-island-institute/", "case_name": "Summers v. Earth Island Institute", "case_name_short": "Summers", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2009-03-03", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2008-027", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 2620886, "absolute_url": "/opinion/2620886/steel-co-v-citizens-for-a-better-environment/", "case_name": "Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Environment", "case_name_short": "Citizens Better Environment", "citation_count": 5, "date_filed": "1998-03-04", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1997-038", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "97356": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "99930": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "102605": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "107731": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108502": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "108906": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 3203762, "absolute_url": "/opinion/3203762/spokeo-inc-v-robins/", "case_name": "Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins", "case_name_short": "Spokeo", "citation_count": 0, "date_filed": "2016-05-16", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "2015-010", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "103222": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "103349": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "104181": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109005": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109086": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109087": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109301": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109462": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "109815": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110056": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110099": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110599": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110654": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110916": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111258": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111661": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111982": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112305": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112348": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112418": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112747": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112881": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "2620886": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118217": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118329": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "118368": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "145658": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "145749": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "145783": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "145904": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] } ] } }; </script> <script src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/d3.min.fb533534a1ff.js"></script> <script src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/plottable.min.102c4c4317b8.js"></script> <script src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/jquery.bootstrap-growl.min.ed07a6f40944.js"></script> <script src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/visualization_tools.683339cd3940.js"></script> <script src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/scotus_map.b294f24f3006.js"></script> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" height="0">  <defs> <filter id="blur" x="0" y="0"> <feGaussianBlur in="SourceGraphic" stdDeviation="1"></feGaussianBlur> </filter> </defs> </svg> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Supreme Court Network Visualizations - CourtListener.com