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Al-Ghamdi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Ghanem Al-Ghamdi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Ghanem Al-Ghamdi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Ghanem Al-Ghamdi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 68</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Ghanem Al-Ghamdi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Challenges Facing Farmers in the Governorate of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Alghamdi">Mohammed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al-Ghamdi"> Ghanem Al-Ghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Governorate of Al-Baha is known for a history of farming that focused on plant products such as Date Palm, olives, figs, pomegranate and cereals as well as raising cattle, sheep, goats and to some extent camels for many decades. However, farmers have been facing with very significant natural and artificial challenges lately. The goal of this study was to determine the most significant challenges facing farmers in the Governorate of Al-Baha. Sixty farms were surveyed during the year of 2013. Farm survey focused on the farm management, farm financial status and governmental support. Our results showed that most farms were dedicated to farming with limited number of farms used parts of its premises for recreation. About 90% of farms were engaged in exclusively farming business. The financial status was good in most of the farms (80%), stable in 16% and hardly standing in less than 5%. Nearly 60% of the farms marketed 1-3 products and 23% marketed up to 6 products, 14% of the farms marketed up to 9 products and 4% marketed more than 9 products. Less than 14% had a chance to market their products over seven times per year while about 11% market their products and 32% of farms market 3-4 per year and 43% of farms market 1-2 per year. Our data showed that most farmers are in good financial status producing healthy food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farming%20system" title="farming system">farming system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Baha" title=" Al-Baha"> Al-Baha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20food" title=" healthy food"> healthy food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2230/challenges-facing-farmers-in-the-governorate-of-al-baha-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Exploring Chess Game AI Features Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bashayer%20Almalki">Bashayer Almalki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayar%20Bajrai"> Mayar Bajrai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Mirah"> Dana Mirah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholood%20Alghamdi"> Kholood Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hala%20Sanyour"> Hala Sanyour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to investigate the features of an AI chess app that are most preferred by users. A questionnaire was used as the methodology to gather responses from a varied group of participants. The questionnaire consisted of several questions related to the features of the AI chess app. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The findings indicate that the most preferred features of an AI chess app are the ability to play against the computer, the option to adjust the difficulty level, and the availability of tutorials and puzzles. The results of this research could be useful for developers of AI chess apps to enhance the user experience and satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chess" title="chess">chess</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game" title=" game"> game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title=" application"> application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computics" title=" computics"> computics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167493/exploring-chess-game-ai-features-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Towards Development of a Framework for Saudi Education Software Ecosystem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal-e-Amin">Fazal-e-Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi"> Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftikhar%20Ahmad"> Iftikhar Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software ecosystems’ concept is an inspiration from the natural ecosystem. Software ecosystems refer to large systems developed on top of a platform composed of different components developed by different entities of that ecosystem. Ecosystems improve information access, dissemination and coordination considerably. The ability to evolve and accommodate new subsystems gives a boost to the software ecosystems. In this paper, Saudi education software ecosystem is discussed and its need and potential benefits are highlighted. This work will provide a basis for further research in this area and foundation in development of Saudi education ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20ecosystem" title="software ecosystem">software ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20software" title=" education software"> education software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title=" software engineering"> software engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5173/towards-development-of-a-framework-for-saudi-education-software-ecosystem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Assessing the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence Integration in the FLO Health Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reema%20Alghamdi">Reema Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasees%20Aleisa"> Rasees Aleisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layan%20Sukkar"> Layan Sukkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this research is to conduct an examination of the Flo menstrual cycle application. We do that by evaluating the user experience and their satisfaction with integrated AI features. The study seeks to gather data from primary resources, primarily through surveys, to gather different insights about the application, like its usability functionality in addition to the overall user satisfaction. The focus of our project will be particularly directed towards the impact and user perspectives regarding the integration of artificial intelligence features within the application, contributing to an understanding of the holistic user experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period" title="period">period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20health" title=" women health"> women health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20features" title=" AI features"> AI features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menstrual%20cycle" title=" menstrual cycle"> menstrual cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179113/assessing-the-efficacy-of-artificial-intelligence-integration-in-the-flo-health-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Capture of Co₂ From Natural Gas Using Modified Imidazolium Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Ghanem">Alaa A. Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20E.%20M.%20Desouky"> S. E. M. Desouky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural gas (NG) is considered one of the most essential global energy sources. NG fields are often far away from the market, and a long-distance transporting pipeline usually is required. Production of NG with high content of CO₂ leads to severe problems such as equipment corrosion along with the production line until refinery.in addition to a high level of toxicity and decreasing in calorific value of the NG. So it is recommended to remove or decrease the CO₂ percent to meet transport specifications. This can be reached using different removal techniques such as physical and chemical absorption, pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, or low-temperature separation. Many solvents and chemicals are being used to capture carbon dioxide on a large scale; among them, Ionic liquids have great potential due to their tunable properties; low vapour pressure, low melting point, and sensible thermal stability. In this research, three modifiedimidazolium ionic liquids will be synthesized and characterized using different tools of analysis such as FT-IR, 1H NMR. Thermal stability and surface activity will be studied. The synthesized compounds will be evaluated as selective solvents for CO₂ removal from natural gas using PVT cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title="natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title=" CO₂ capture"> CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidazolium%20ionic%20liquid" title=" imidazolium ionic liquid"> imidazolium ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVT%20cell" title=" PVT cell"> PVT cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140941/capture-of-co2-from-natural-gas-using-modified-imidazolium-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Utility Assessment Model for Wireless Technology in Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassir%20AbdelRazig">Yassir AbdelRazig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amine%20Ghanem"> Amine Ghanem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction projects are information intensive in nature and involve many activities that are related to each other. Wireless technologies can be used to improve the accuracy and timeliness of data collected from construction sites and shares it with appropriate parties. Nonetheless, the construction industry tends to be conservative and shows hesitation to adopt new technologies. A main concern for owners, contractors or any person in charge on a job site is the cost of the technology in question. Wireless technologies are not cheap. There are a lot of expenses to be taken into consideration, and a study should be completed to make sure that the importance and savings resulting from the usage of this technology is worth the expenses. This research attempts to assess the effectiveness of using the appropriate wireless technologies based on criteria such as performance, reliability, and risk. The assessment is based on a utility function model that breaks down the selection issue into alternatives attribute. Then the attributes are assigned weights and single attributes are measured. Finally, single attribute are combined to develop one single aggregate utility index for each alternative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20theory" title=" decision theory"> decision theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility%20function" title=" utility function"> utility function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20technologies" title=" wireless technologies"> wireless technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28639/utility-assessment-model-for-wireless-technology-in-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> The Influence of Work Experience on Conflict Management Styles of Organizational Members</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Alghamdi">Faris Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Identifying which conflict management styles organizational members prefer, and what variables influence these selections, is an essential component of organizational conflict management as well as human resource management, particularly in training and development strategies. This study aims to examine the relationship between work experience and preferred conflict management styles. Utilizing the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory- II Form C, data were collected from 109 full-time employees of various organizations in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the integrating conflict management style and the length of work experience. Nevertheless, this relationship was negative, not positive as hypothesized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20management%20style" title="conflict management style">conflict management style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20members" title=" organizational members"> organizational members</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20experience" title=" work experience"> work experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36687/the-influence-of-work-experience-on-conflict-management-styles-of-organizational-members" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Two Concurrent Convolution Neural Networks TC*CNN Model for Face Recognition Using Edge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Alghamdi">T. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Alaghband"> G. Alaghband</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we develop a model that couples Two Concurrent Convolution Neural Network with different filters (TC*CNN) for face recognition and compare its performance to an existing sequential CNN (base model). We also test and compare the quality and performance of the models on three datasets with various levels of complexity (easy, moderate, and difficult) and show that for the most complex datasets, edges will produce the most accurate and efficient results. We further show that in such cases while Support Vector Machine (SVM) models are fast, they do not produce accurate results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Convolution%20Neural%20Network" title="Convolution Neural Network">Convolution Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edges" title=" Edges"> Edges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Face%20Recognition" title=" Face Recognition "> Face Recognition </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine." title=" Support Vector Machine. "> Support Vector Machine. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119126/two-concurrent-convolution-neural-networks-tccnn-model-for-face-recognition-using-edge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Artificial Intelligence in Duolingo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jwana%20Khateeb">Jwana Khateeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamar%20Bawazeer"> Lamar Bawazeer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayat%20Sharbatly"> Hayat Sharbatly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozoun%20Alghamdi"> Mozoun Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper explores the idea of learning new languages through an innovative-mobile based learning technology. Throughout this paper we will discuss and examine a mobile-based application called Duolingo. Duolingo is a college standard application for learning foreign languages such as Spanish and English. It is a smart application where it uses smart adaptive technologies to advance the level of their students at each period of time by offering new tasks. Furthermore, we will discuss the history of the application and the methodology used within it. We have conducted a study in which we surveyed ten people about their experience using Duolingo. The results are examined and analyzed in which it indicates the effectiveness on Duolingo students who are seeking to learn new languages. Thus, the research paper will furthermore discuss the diverse methods and approaches in learning new languages through this mobile-based application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title=" AI"> AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized" title=" personalized"> personalized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customized" title=" customized"> customized</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151201/artificial-intelligence-in-duolingo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Assessment of Physical Activity and Sun Exposure of Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ramadan and Non-Ramadan Periods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi">Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alghamdi"> Khaled Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20O.%20Jenkins"> Richard O. Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvez%20I.%20Haris"> Parvez I. Haris </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Physical activity is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Reduction in HbA1c level, an important diabetes biomarker, was reported in patients who increased their daily physical activity. Although the ambient temperature was reported to be positively correlated to a negative impact on health and increase the incidences of diabetes, the exposure to bright sunlight was recently found to be associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved beta-cell function. How Ramadan alters physical activity, and especially sunlight exposure, has not been adequately investigated. Aim: This study aimed to assess the physical activity and sun exposure of Saudis with T2DM over different periods (before, during, and after Ramadan) and related this to HbA1c levels. Methods: This study recruited 82 Saudis with T2DM, who chose to fast during Ramadan, from the Endocrine and Diabetic Centre of Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approvals for this study were obtained from De Montfort University and Saudi Ministry of Health. Physical activity and sun exposure were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Physical activity was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while the sun exposure was assessed by asking the patients about their hours per week of direct exposure to the sun, and daily hours spent outdoors. Blood samples were collected in each period for measuring HbA1c. Results: Low physical activity was observed in more than 60% of the patients, with no significant changes between periods. There were no significant variances between periods in the daily hours spent outdoors and the total number of weekly hours of direct exposure to the sun. The majority of patients reported only few hours of exposure to the sun (1h or less per week) and time spent outdoors (1h or less per day). The mean HbA1c significantly changed between periods (P = 0.001), with lowest level during Ramadan. There were significant differences in the mean HbA1c between the groups for the level of physical activity (P < 0.001), with significant lower mean HbA1c in the higher-level group. There were no significant variances in the mean of HbA1c between the groups for the daily hours spent outdoors. The mean HbA1c of the patients, who reported never in their total weekly hours of exposure to the sun, was significantly lower than the mean HbA1c of those who reported 1 hour or less (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Physical inactivity was prevalent among the study population with very little exposure to the sun or time spent outdoors. Higher level of physical activity was associated with lower mean HbA1c levels. Encouraging T2DM patients to achieve the recommended levels of physical activity may help them to obtain greater benefits of Ramadan fasting, such as reducing their HbA1c levels. The impact of low direct exposure to the sun and the time spent outdoors needs to be further investigated in both healthy and diabetic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fasting" title=" fasting"> fasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunlight" title=" sunlight"> sunlight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadan" title=" Ramadan"> Ramadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123418/assessment-of-physical-activity-and-sun-exposure-of-saudi-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-ramadan-and-non-ramadan-periods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> The Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases among General Population in Western Regions of Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Saeed%20Alghamdi">Ali Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20Mazen%20Alsolami"> Basel Mazen Alsolami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20Saeed%20Alghamdi"> Basel Saeed Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhanad%20Saleh%20Alzahrani%20Alamri"> Muhanad Saleh Alzahrani Alamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Anwar%20Thabet"> Salman Anwar Thabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulhalim%20J.%20Kinsara"> Abdulhalim J. Kinsara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: This study measures the knowledge of the cardiovascular disease among the general population in western regions of Saudi Arabia, and it aimed to increase the level of awareness about cardiovascular diseases among the general population by providing an awareness lecture that included information about the risk factors, major symptoms, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The lecture has been attached at the end of the questionnaire. Setting: This study was conducted through an online questionnaire that included our aim and main objectives that targeted the general population in the Western regions of Saudi Arabia (Makkah and Madinah regions). Participants: This study participants were 460 collected through an online questionnaire. Methods: All Saudi citizens and residents who live in the western region of Saudi Arabia aged 18 years and above will be invited to participate voluntarily. A pre-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data on age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, lifestyle habits, and history of heart diseases, with cardiac symptoms and risk factors sections. Results: The majority of respondents were females (74.8%) and Saudis. The knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors was weak. Only (18.5%) scores an excellent response regarding risk factors awareness. Lack of exercise, stress, and obesity were the most known risk factors. Regarding cardiovascular disease symptoms, chest pain scores the highest symptom (87.6%) among other symptoms like dyspnea, syncope, and excessive sweating. Participants revealed a poor awareness regarding cardiovascular disease symptoms also (0.9%). However, preventable factors for cardiovascular diseases were more knowledgeable than others categories in this study (60% fall into excellent knowledge). Smoking cessation, normal cholesterol level, and normal blood pressure score the highest preventable methods (92.2%), (88.6%), and (78.7%) respectively. 83.7% of the participant have attended the awareness lecture, and 99 of the attendees reported that the lecture increased their knowledge about cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: This study discussed the level of community awareness of cardiovascular disease in terms of symptoms, risk factors, and protective factors. We found a huge lack of the participant's level of knowledge about the disease and how to prevent it. Moreover, we measure the prevalence of the comorbidities among our participants (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia/ hypertriglyceridemia) and their extent of adherence to their medication. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrates awareness of cardiovascular disease risk factors, symptoms, management, and the association between each domain but also provides educational material. Further educational material and campaigns are required to increase awareness and knowledge about cardiovascular diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title="awareness">awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20diseases" title=" cardiovascular diseases"> cardiovascular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137185/the-awareness-of-cardiovascular-diseases-among-general-population-in-western-regions-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Assessment of Dietary Patterns of Saudi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ramadan and Non-Ramadan Periods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi">Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alghamdi"> Khaled Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20O.%20Jenkins"> Richard O. Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvez%20I.%20Haris"> Parvez I. Haris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Unhealthy diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Improvement in diet can be beneficial for countering diabetes. For example, HbA1c, an important biomarker for diabetes, can be reduced by 1.1% through only alteration in diet. Ramadan fasting has been reported to provide positive health benefits. However, optimal benefits are not achieved, often due to poor dietary habits and lifestyle. There is a need to better understand the dietary habits of people fasting during Ramadan, so that necessary improvements can be made to develop this form of fasting as a non-pharmacological strategy for management and prevention of T2DM. Aim: This study aimed to assess the dietary patterns of Saudi adult patients with T2DM over three different periods (before, during, and after Ramadan) and relate this to HbA1c levels. Methods: This study recruited 82 Saudi with T2DM, who chose to fast during Ramadan, from the Endocrine and Diabetic Centre of Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approvals for the study were obtained from De Montfort University and Saudi Ministry of Health. Dietary patterns were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire in each period. This assessment included the diet type and frequency. Blood samples were collected in each period for determination of HbA1c. Results: The number of meals per day for the participants significantly decreased during Ramadan (P < 0.001). The consumption of fruit and vegetables significantly increased during Ramadan (P = 0.017). However, the consumption of sugary drinks significantly increased during and after Ramadan (P = 0.005). Approximately 60% of the patients indicated that they ate sugary foods at least once per week. The consumption of bread and rice was reported to be at least two times per week. The consumption of rice significantly reduced during Ramadan (P = 0.002). The mean HbA1c significantly varied between periods (P = 0.001), with lowest level during Ramadan compared to before and after Ramadan. The increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables had a medium effect size on the reduction in HbA1c during Ramadan. There was a variance of 7.7% in the mean difference in HbA1c levels between groups (who changed their fruit and vegetable consumption) which can be accounted for by the increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Likewise, 9.3% of the variance in the mean HbA1c difference between the groups was accounted for by a decrease in the consumption of rice. Conclusion: The increase in the frequency of fruit and vegetables intake, and especially the reduction in the frequency of rice consumption, during Ramadan produce beneficial effects in reducing HbA1c level. Therefore, further improving the dietary habits of patients with T2DM, such as reducing their sugary drinks intake, may help them to obtain greater benefits from Ramadan fasting in the management of their diabetes. It is recommended that dietary guidance is provided to the public to maximise health benefits through Ramadan fasting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diet" title=" Diet"> Diet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fasting" title=" Fasting"> Fasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HbA1c" title=" HbA1c"> HbA1c</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadan" title=" Ramadan"> Ramadan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123416/assessment-of-dietary-patterns-of-saudi-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-ramadan-and-non-ramadan-periods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Biochemical Evaluation of Air Conditioning West Water in Jeddah City: Concept of Sustainable Water Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Alromi">D. Alromi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alansari"> A. Alansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alghamdi"> S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Jambi"> E. Jambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the need for water is increasing globally, and the available water resources are barely meeting the current quality of life and economy. Air conditioning (AC) condensate water could be explored as an alternative water source, which could be considered within the global calculations of the water supply. The objective of this study is to better understand the potential for recovery of condensate water from air conditioning systems. The results generated so far showed that the AC produces a high quantity of water, and data analysis revealed that the amount of water is positively and significantly correlated with the humidity (P <= 0.05). In the meantime, the amount of heavy metals has been measuring using ICP-OES. The results, in terms of quantity, clearly show that the AC can be used as an alternative source of water, especially in the regions characterized by high humidity. The results also showed that the amount of produced water depends on the type of AC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning%20systems" title="air conditioning systems">air conditioning systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quantity" title=" water quantity"> water quantity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%0D%0Aresources" title=" water resources"> water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114549/biochemical-evaluation-of-air-conditioning-west-water-in-jeddah-city-concept-of-sustainable-water-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Change Point Analysis in Average Ozone Layer Temperature Using Exponential Lomax Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Abdullah">Amjad Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Yahya"> Amjad Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bushra%20Aljohani"> Bushra Aljohani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Alghamdi"> Amani Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Change point detection is an important part of data analysis. The presence of a change point refers to a significant change in the behavior of a time series. In this article, we examine the detection of multiple change points of parameters of the exponential Lomax distribution, which is broad and flexible compared with other distributions while fitting data. We used the Schwarz information criterion and binary segmentation to detect multiple change points in publicly available data on the average temperature in the ozone layer. The change points were successfully located. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20segmentation" title="binary segmentation">binary segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20point" title=" change point"> change point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponentialLomax%20%20distribution" title=" exponentialLomax distribution"> exponentialLomax distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20%20criterion" title=" information criterion"> information criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145911/change-point-analysis-in-average-ozone-layer-temperature-using-exponential-lomax-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> African Horse Sickness a Possible Threat to Horses in Al-Baha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al-Ghamdi">Ghanem Al-Ghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> African Horse Sickness causes significant challenges to horse practitioners and owners in Africa and possibly in certain locations in the Arab Pensila. The aim of this work was to observe a hot spot of epidemic in Al-Baha, Southwestern of Saudi Arabia that could be AHS. A five year-old horse farm that had eight horses with no history of clinical problems was visited in late October 2014. In August 2014, horses showed clinical signs of severe pain, congestion of mucus membranes, foam oozing of the nose, recumbency, difficult breath and ultimately death. The course of the disease averaged 2 days. The farm had no previous history of this episode. Other animals including camel, sheep reside the same farm sharing feeding and water sources however no obvious similar clinical problems were noticed among the two species. Five horses showed the clinical disease and all horses were lost. Veterinary help was not available for diagnosis or treatment. A follow up visit to the farm after one year indicated that the three remaining horses were healthy but were relocated to a different facility out the Al-Baha Region. The most likely cause of such clinical problem is African Horse Sickness, however clinical exam and sampling of other horses in the region is absolute must as well as examining arthropods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20horse%20sickness" title="African horse sickness">African horse sickness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horses" title=" horses"> horses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Baha" title=" Al-Baha"> Al-Baha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40449/african-horse-sickness-a-possible-threat-to-horses-in-al-baha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Stochastic Control of Decentralized Singularly Perturbed Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20S.%20Alfuhaid">Walid S. Alfuhaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saud%20A.%20Alghamdi"> Saud A. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20M.%20Watkins"> John M. Watkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Edwin%20Sawan"> M. Edwin Sawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing a controller for stochastic decentralized interconnected large scale systems usually involves a high degree of complexity and computation ability. Noise, observability, and controllability of all system states, connectivity, and channel bandwidth are other constraints to design procedures for distributed large scale systems. The quasi-steady state model investigated in this paper is a reduced order model of the original system using singular perturbation techniques. This paper results in an optimal control synthesis to design an observer based feedback controller by standard stochastic control theory techniques using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) approach and Kalman filter design with less complexity and computation requirements. Numerical example is given at the end to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralized" title="decentralized">decentralized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=output" title=" output"> output</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singular%20perturb" title=" singular perturb"> singular perturb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45093/stochastic-control-of-decentralized-singularly-perturbed-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Assessment of Sleeping Patterns of Saudis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ramadan and Non-Ramadan Periods Using a Wearable Device and a Questionnaire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20S.%20Alghamdi">Abdullah S. Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alghamdi"> Khaled Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20O.%20Jenkins"> Richard O. Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvez%20I.%20Haris"> Parvez I. Haris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Quantity and quality of sleep have been reported to be significant risk factors for obesity and development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The relationship between diabetes and sleep quantity was reported to be U-shaped, which means increased or decreased sleeping hours can increase the risk of diabetes. The plasma glucagon levels were found to continuously decrease during night-time sleep in healthy individuals, independently of blood glucose and insulin levels. The disturbance of the circadian rhythm is also important and has been linked with an increased the chance of diabetes incidence. There is a lack of research on sleep patterns on Saudis with T2DM and how this is affected by Ramadan fasting. Aim: To assess the sleeping patterns of Saudis with T2DM (before, during, and after Ramadan), using two different techniques and relate this to their HbA1c levels. Method: This study recruited 82 Saudi with T2DM, who chose to fast during Ramadan, from the Endocrine and Diabetic Centre of Al Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ethical approvals for the study were obtained from De Montfort University and Saudi Ministry of Health. Their sleeping patterns were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire (before, during, and after Ramadan). The assessment included the daily total sleeping hours (DTSH), and total night-time sleeping hours (TNTSH) of the participants. In addition, sleeping patterns of 36 patients, randomly selected from the 82 participants, were further tracked during and after Ramadan by using Fitbit Flex 2™ accelerometer. Blood samples were collected in each period for measuring HbA1c. Results: Questionnaire analysis revealed that the sleeping patterns significantly changed between the periods, with shorter hours during Ramadan (P < 0.001 for DTSH, and P < 0.001 for TNTSH). These findings were confirmed by the Fitbit data, which also indicated significant shorter sleeping hours for the DTSH, and the TNTSH during Ramadan (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Although there were no significant correlations between the questionnaire and Fitbit data, the TNTSH were shorter among the participants in all periods by both techniques. The mean HbA1c significantly varied between periods, with lowest level during Ramadan. Although the statistical tests did not show significant variances in the mean HbA1c between the groups of participants regarding their hours of sleeping, the lowest mean HbA1c was observed in the group of participants who slept for 6-8 hours and had longer night-time sleeping hours. Conclusion: A short sleep duration, and absence of night-time sleep were significantly observed among the majority of the study population during Ramadan, which could suppress the full benefits of Ramadan fasting for diabetic patients. This study showed that there is a good agreement between the findings of the questionnaire and the Fitbit device for evaluating sleeping patterns in a Saudi population. A larger study is needed in the future to investigate the impact of Ramadan fasting on sleep quality and quantity and its relationship with health and disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fasting" title=" Fasting"> Fasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fitbit" title=" Fitbit"> Fitbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HbA1c" title=" HbA1c"> HbA1c</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPAQ" title=" IPAQ"> IPAQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramadan" title=" Ramadan"> Ramadan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sleep" title=" Sleep"> Sleep</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123417/assessment-of-sleeping-patterns-of-saudis-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-ramadan-and-non-ramadan-periods-using-a-wearable-device-and-a-questionnaire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Water-in-Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions Prepared by Modified Low Energy: Emulsion Drop Size and Stability, Physical Properties, and Emission Characteristics </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Noor%20El-Din">M. R. Noor El-Din</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20R.%20Mishrif"> Marwa R. Mishrif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20E.%20Morsi"> R. E. Morsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20El-Sharaky"> E. A. El-Sharaky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Haseeb"> M. E. Haseeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20T.%20M.%20Ghanem"> Rania T. M. Ghanem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies the physical and rheological behaviours of water/in/diesel fuel nanoemulsions prepared by modified low energy method. Twenty of water/in/diesel fuel nanoemulsions were prepared using mixed nonionic surfactants of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (MTS) at Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value of 10 and a working temperature of 20°C. The influence of the prepared nanoemulsions on the physical properties such as kinematic viscosity, density, and calorific value was studied. Also, nanoemulsion systems were subjected to rheological evaluation. The effect of water loading percentage (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 wt.%) on rheology was assessed at temperatures range from 20 to 60°C with temperature interval of 10 for time lapse 0, 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Results show that all of the sets nanoemulsions exhibited a Newtonian flow character of low-shear viscosity in the range of 132 up to 191 1/s, and followed by a shear-thinning region with yield value (Non-Newtonian behaviour) at high shear rate for all water ratios (5 to 10 wt.%) and at all test temperatures (20 to 60°C) for time ageing up to 3 months. Also, the viscosity/temperature relationship of all nanoemulsions fitted well Arrhenius equation with high correlation coefficients that ascertain their Newtonian behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20fuel" title="alternative fuel">alternative fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoemulsion" title=" nanoemulsion"> nanoemulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20fuel" title=" diesel fuel"> diesel fuel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50691/water-in-diesel-fuel-nanoemulsions-prepared-by-modified-low-energy-emulsion-drop-size-and-stability-physical-properties-and-emission-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Genetic Determinants of Ovarian Response to Gonadotropin Stimulation in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Tohlob">D. Tohlob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Abo%20Hashem"> E. Abo Hashem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ghareeb"> N. Ghareeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghanem"> M. Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Elfarahaty"> R. Elfarahaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Roberts"> S. A. Roberts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Pemberton"> P. Pemberton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mohiyiddeen"> L. Mohiyiddeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20G.%20Newman"> W. G. Newman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gonadotropin stimulation is used in females undergoing assisted reproductive treatment for ovulation induction, but ovarian response is variable and unpredictable in these women. More effective protocols and individualization of treatment are needed to increase the success rate of IVF/ICSI cycles. We genotyped seven variants reported in previous studies to be associated with ovarian response (number of ova retrieved and total gonadotropin dose) in women undergoing IVF treatment including FSHR variants Asn 680 Ser (c.2039 A > G), Thr 307 Ala (c. 919 > A), -29 G > A, HRG c.610 C > T gene, BMP15 -9 C > G, AMH Ile 49 Ser (c.146 G > T), and AMHR -489A˃G in 118 Egyptian females attending Mansoura Integrated Fertility Center in Egypt, these females were undergoing their first cycle of controlled ovarian hyper stimulation for IVF/ICSI treatment. They were analyzed by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in Manchester Center of Genomic Medicine. We found no evidence of any significant difference (p value < 0.05) in the number of eggs retrieved or the gonadotropin dose used between individuals in all genotypes except for HRG c.610 C > T gene polymorphism where regression analysis gives a p value of 0.04 with a fewer eggs number in TT genotyped females. These results indicate that these variants do not provide sufficient clinically relevant data to individualize the treatment protocols. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20ovarian%20hyperstimulation" title="controlled ovarian hyperstimulation">controlled ovarian hyperstimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20variants" title=" gene variants"> gene variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20response" title=" ovarian response"> ovarian response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assisted%20reproduction" title=" assisted reproduction"> assisted reproduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37258/genetic-determinants-of-ovarian-response-to-gonadotropin-stimulation-in-women-undergoing-assisted-reproductive-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Saudi and U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Saudi Vision 2030 Concerning Women in Online Newspapers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziyad%20Alghamdi">Ziyad Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates how issues concerning Saudi women have been represented in selected U.S. and Saudi publications. Saudi Vision 2030 is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's development strategy, which was revealed on April 25, 2016. This study used 115 news items across selected newspapers as its sampling. The New York Times and the Washington Post were chosen to represent U.S. newspapers and picked two Saudi newspapers, Al Jazirah, and Al Watan. This research examines how these issues were covered before and during the implementation of Saudi Vision 2030. The news pieces were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The qualitative study employed an inductive technique to uncover frames. Furthermore, this work looked at how American and Saudi publications had framed Saudi women depicted in images by reviewing the photographs used in news reports about Saudi women's issues. The primary conclusion implies that the human-interest frame was more prevalent in American media, whereas the economic frame was more prevalent in Saudi publications. A variety of diverse topics were considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20newspapers" title="Saudi newspapers">Saudi newspapers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Vision%202030" title=" Saudi Vision 2030"> Saudi Vision 2030</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing%20theory" title=" framing theory"> framing theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20women" title=" Saudi women"> Saudi women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160697/saudi-and-us-newspaper-coverage-of-saudi-vision-2030-concerning-women-in-online-newspapers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Parent’s Evaluation of the Services Offered to Their Children with Autism in UAE Centres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Fteiha">Mohammad Ali Fteiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al%20Bustami"> Ghanem Al Bustami </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed to identify the assessment of parents of children with Autism for services provided by the Center for special care in the United Arab Emirates, in terms of quality, comprehensive and the impact of some factors related to the diagnosis and place of service provision and efficient working procedures of service and the child age. In order to achieve the objective of the study, researchers used Parent’s Satisfaction Scale, and Parents Evaluation of Services Effectiveness, both the scale and the parents reports provided with accepted level of validity and reliability. Sample includes 300 families of children with Autism receiving educational and rehabilitation services, treatment and support services in both governmental and private centers in United Arab Emirates. ANOVA test was used through SPSS program to analyze the collected data. The results of the study have indicated that there are significant differences in the assessment of services provided by centers due to a place of service, the nature of the diagnosis, child's age at the time of the study, as well as statistically significance differences due to age when first diagnosed. The results also showed positive evaluation for the good level of services as international standard, and the quality of these services provided by autism centers in the United Arab Emirates, especially in governmental centers. At the same time, the results showed the presence of many needs problems faced by the parents do not have appropriate solutions. Based on the results the recommendations were stated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20programs" title=" autism programs"> autism programs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supportive%20services" title=" supportive services"> supportive services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20centers" title=" government centers"> government centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20centers" title=" private centers"> private centers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18006/parents-evaluation-of-the-services-offered-to-their-children-with-autism-in-uae-centres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">558</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Kiddo: Design and Prototype of a Useable Mobile Application for Kids to Learn under Parental Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albandary%20Alamer">Albandary Alamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noura%20Alaskar"> Noura Alaskar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Bukhamseen"> Sana Bukhamseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawaher%20Alkhamis"> Jawaher Alkhamis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enas%20Alghamdi"> Enas Alghamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Almaha%20Almulhim"> Almaha Almulhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Gull"> Hina Gull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Zagrouba"> Rachid Zagrouba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madeeha%20Saqib"> Madeeha Saqib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A good and healthy seed will always produce a nice fruit, whereas an infected seed will produce an infected fruit. The same concept applies to the children, and the healthier the environment in which the kids grow, the more likely they become valuable members of society. Kiddo project introduces us to a mobile application that focuses on enhancing the sense of responsibility from a young age and makes raising kids fun and easy. The application aims to enhance the communication between parents and their children and to enrich the good habits of the kid. Kiddo Application enables kids to share their accomplishments with their peers in an interactive environment full of enjoyment, followed by parental monitoring to handle what their kids are posting and friends following. Kiddo provides the kids' and parents’ society with a safe platform free of cyberbullying and inappropriate content with parents' fun engagement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kids%20social%20media" title="kids social media">kids social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20app" title=" educational app"> educational app</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child-raising" title=" child-raising"> child-raising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20control" title=" parental control"> parental control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyberbullying" title=" cyberbullying"> cyberbullying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent-child%20relationship" title=" parent-child relationship"> parent-child relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=good%20habits" title=" good habits"> good habits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149933/kiddo-design-and-prototype-of-a-useable-mobile-application-for-kids-to-learn-under-parental-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Active Food Packaging Films Based on Functionalized Graphene/Polymer Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ghanem">Ahmad Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Yasin"> Mohamad Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Abdel%20Rehim"> Mona Abdel Rehim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabrice%20Gouanve"> Fabrice Gouanve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eliane%20Espuche"> Eliane Espuche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodegradable polymers are of great interest, especially for biomedical and packaging applications. Current research efforts are focused on the development of biopolymers with the purpose of reducing the plastic pollution induced by the widely used in biodegradable polyolefins. The main challenge is focused on the elaboration of biopolymers having properties competitive to those of polyolefins. On the other hand, graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative, is characterized by the presence of several functional groups on the surface such as carboxylic, hydroxyl and epoxide. This feature enables modification of GO surface with different modifiers to obtain versatile surface properties and overcome the problem of graphene sheets aggregations during inclusion in a polymer matrix. In this context, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) as promising biopolyester is modified through blending with different ratios of functionalized (GO) to improve its barrier properties. Modification of GO has been carried out using different hyperbranched polymeric structures in order to increase miscibility of the nanosheets in the hosting polymeric matrix. Films have been prepared from the modified PBS and their mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties were investigated. The results reveal enhancement in the thermal and mechanical properties beside observed improvement of the barrier properties for the films prepared from the modified PBS. This improvement is related to the strong dependence on tortuosity effects of dispersion, exfoliation levels of fillers into the polymer matrix and interactions between the fillers and the polymer matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20barrier%20properties" title="gas barrier properties">gas barrier properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20oxide" title=" graphene oxide"> graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20packaging" title=" food packaging"> food packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20properties" title=" transport properties"> transport properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98378/active-food-packaging-films-based-on-functionalized-graphenepolymer-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Variable Shunt Reactors for Reactive Power Compensation of HV Subsea Cables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20A.%20AlGhamdi">Saeed A. AlGhamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20Habli"> Nabil Habli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinoj%20Somasanran"> Vinoj Somasanran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an application of 230 kV Variable Shunt Reactors (VSR) used to compensate reactive power of dual 90 KM subsea cables. VSR integrates an on-load tap changer (OLTC) that adjusts reactive power compensation to maintain acceptable bus voltages under variable load profile and network configuration. An automatic voltage regulator (AVR) or a power management system (PMS) that allows VSR rating to be changed in discrete steps typically controls the OLTC. Typical regulation range start as minimum as 20% up to 100% and are available for systems up to 550kV. The regulation speed is normally in the order of seconds per step and approximately a minute from maximum to minimum rating. VSR can be bus or line connected depending on line/cable length and compensation requirements. The flexible reactive compensation ranges achieved by recent VSR technologies have enabled newer facilities design to deploy line connected VSR through either disconnect switches, which saves space and cost, or through circuit breakers. Lines with VSR are typically energized with lower taps (reduced reactive compensation) to minimize or remove the presence of delayed zero crossing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20management" title="power management">power management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20power" title=" reactive power"> reactive power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsea%20cables" title=" subsea cables"> subsea cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20shunt%20reactors" title=" variable shunt reactors"> variable shunt reactors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143206/variable-shunt-reactors-for-reactive-power-compensation-of-hv-subsea-cables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Optimizing the Readability of Orthopaedic Trauma Patient Education Materials Using ChatGPT-4</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oscar%20Covarrubias">Oscar Covarrubias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Ghanem"> Diane Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Murdock"> Christopher Murdock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babar%20Shafiq"> Babar Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: ChatGPT is an advanced language AI tool designed to understand and generate human-like text. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of ChatGPT-4 to re-write orthopaedic trauma patient education materials at the recommended 6th-grade level. Methods: Two independent reviewers accessed ChatGPT-4 (chat.openai.com) and gave identical instructions to simplify the readability of provided text to a 6th-grade level. All trauma-related articles by the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) were sequentially provided. The academic grade level was determined using the Flesh-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE). Paired t-tests and Wilcox-rank sum tests were used to compare the FKGL and FRE between the ChatGPT-4 revised and original text. Inter-rater correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess variability in ChatGPT-4 generated text between the two reviewers. Results: ChatGPT-4 significantly reduced FKGL and increased FRE scores in the OTA (FKGL: 5.7±0.5 compared to the original 8.2±1.1, FRE: 76.4±5.7 compared to the original 65.5±6.6, p < 0.001) and AAOS articles (FKGL: 5.8±0.8 compared to the original 8.9±0.8, FRE: 76±5.5 compared to the original 56.7±5.9, p < 0.001). On average, 14.6% of OTA and 28.6% of AAOS articles required at least two revisions by ChatGPT-4 to achieve a 6th-grade reading level. ICC demonstrated poor reliability for FKGL (OTA 0.24, AAOS 0.45) and moderate reliability for FRE (OTA 0.61, AAOS 0.73). Conclusion: This study provides a novel, simple and efficient method using language AI to optimize the readability of patient education content which may only require the surgeon’s final proofreading. This method would likely be as effective for other medical specialties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI" title=" AI"> AI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chatGPT" title=" chatGPT"> chatGPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20education" title=" patient education"> patient education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readability" title=" readability"> readability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma%20education" title=" trauma education"> trauma education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171278/optimizing-the-readability-of-orthopaedic-trauma-patient-education-materials-using-chatgpt-4" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Saudi Teachers’ Perceptions of Rough and Tumble Play in Early Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Alghamdi">Rana Alghamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored teachers’ perceptions of rough-and-tumble (R&T) play in early childhood education in Saudi Arabia. The literature on rough-and-tumble play in Saudi Arabia is limited in scope, and more research is needed to explore teachers’ perceptions on this type of play for early learners. The pertinent literature reveals that R&T play, which includes running, jumping, fighting, wrestling, chasing, pulling, pushing, and climbing, among other rough playful activities, can positively impact learning and development across psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive domains. Teachers’ understanding of R & T play is key, and the attitudes of Saudi early childhood teachers who are responsible for implementing curriculum-based play have not been fully researched. Four early childhood teachers from an urban Saudi preschool participated in the study. The data collected in this study were interpreted through a sociocultural lens. Data sources included in-depth interviews, photo-elicitation interviews, and participant-generated drawings. Three overarching themes emerged: teachers’ concerns about rough-and-tumble play, teachers’ perceptions about the benefits of rough-and-tumble play, and teachers’ expression of gender roles in R & T play as contextualized within Saudi culture. Saudi teachers’ perceptions are discussed in detail, and implications of the findings and recommendations for future research are put forth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20and%20tumble%20play" title="rough and tumble play">rough and tumble play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood" title=" early childhood"> early childhood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136870/saudi-teachers-perceptions-of-rough-and-tumble-play-in-early-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Implementing a Hospitalist Co-Management Service in Orthopaedic Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Ghanem">Diane Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Whitney%20Kagabo"> Whitney Kagabo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Engels"> Rebecca Engels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uma%20Srikumaran"> Uma Srikumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babar%20Shafiq"> Babar Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hospitalist co-management of orthopaedic surgery patients is a growing trend across the country. It was created as a collaborative effort to provide overarching care to patients with the goal of improving their postoperative care and decreasing in-hospital medical complications. The aim of this project is to provide a guide for implementing and optimizing a hospitalist co-management service in orthopaedic surgery. Key leaders from the hospitalist team, orthopaedic team and quality, safety and service team were identified. Multiple meetings were convened to discuss the comanagement service and determine the necessary building blocks behind an efficient and well-designed co-management framework. After meticulous deliberation, a consensus was reached on the final service agreement and a written guide was drafted. Fundamental features of the service include the identification of service stakeholders and leaders, frequent consensus meetings, a well-defined framework, with goals, program metrics and unified commands, and a regular satisfaction assessment to update and improve the program. Identified pearls for co-managing orthopaedic surgery patients are standardization, timing, adequate patient selection, and two-way feedback between hospitalists and orthopaedic surgeons to optimize the protocols. Developing a service agreement is a constant work in progress, with meetings, discussions, revisions, and multiple piloting attempts before implementation. It is a partnership created to provide hospitals with a streamlined admission process where at-risk patients are identified early, and patient care is optimized regardless of the number or nature of medical comorbidities. A wellestablished hospitalist co-management service can increase patient care quality and safety, as well as health care value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-management" title="co-management">co-management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitalist%20co-management" title=" hospitalist co-management"> hospitalist co-management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopaedic%20surgery" title=" orthopaedic surgery"> orthopaedic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20improvement" title=" quality improvement"> quality improvement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171269/implementing-a-hospitalist-co-management-service-in-orthopaedic-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Readability of Trauma-Related Patient Education Materials from the AAOS and OTA Websites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Ghanem">Diane Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oscar%20Covarrubias"> Oscar Covarrubias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridge%20Maxson"> Ridge Maxson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Sabharwal"> Samir Sabharwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babar%20Shafiq"> Babar Shafiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Web-based resources serve as a fundamental educational platform for orthopaedic trauma patients; however, they are notoriously written at a high grade reading level and are often too complicated for patients to benefit from them. The aim of this study is to perform an updated assessment of the readability of the AAOS trauma-related educational articles and compare their readability with that of injury-specific patient education materials developed by the OTA. Methods: All forty-six trauma-related articles on the AAOS patient education website were analyzed for readability. Two independent reviewers used the (1) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and the (2) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) algorithms to calculate the readability level. Mean readability scores were compared across body part categories. One-sample t-test was done to compare mean FKGL with the recommended 6th-grade readability level and the average American adult reading level. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the readability scores of the AAOS trauma-related articles to those of the OTA. Results: The average FKGL and FRE for the AAOS articles were 8.9±0.74 and 57.2±5.8, respectively. All articles were written above the 6th-grade reading level. The average readability of the AAOS articles was significantly greater than the recommended 6th-grade and average American adult reading level. The average FKGL (8.9±0.74 vs 8.1±1.14) and FRE (57.2±5.8 vs 65.6±6.6) for all AAOS articles was significantly greater compared to that of OTA articles. Excellent agreement was observed between raters for the FKGL 0.956 (95%CI 0.922 - 0.975) and FRE 0.993 (95%CI 0.987 – 0.996). Discussion: Our findings suggest that, after almost a decade, the readability of the AAOS trauma-related articles remains unchanged. The AAOS and OTA trauma patient education materials have high readability levels and may be too difficult for patient comprehension. A need remains to improve the readability of these commonly used trauma education materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=american%20ocademy%20of%20orthopaedic%20surgeons" title="american ocademy of orthopaedic surgeons">american ocademy of orthopaedic surgeons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FKGL" title=" FKGL"> FKGL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRE" title=" FRE"> FRE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopaedic%20trauma%20association" title=" orthopaedic trauma association"> orthopaedic trauma association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20education" title=" patient education"> patient education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readability" title=" readability"> readability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171273/readability-of-trauma-related-patient-education-materials-from-the-aaos-and-ota-websites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171273.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Design and Implementation of Smart Watch Textile Antenna for Wi-Fi Bio-Medical Applications in Millimetric Wave Band</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Ghanem">M. G. Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20M.%20A.%20Allam"> A. M. M. A. Allam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diaa%20E.%20Fawzy"> Diaa E. Fawzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Faruk%20Cengiz"> Mehmet Faruk Cengiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is devoted to the design and implementation of a smartwatch textile antenna for Wi-Fi bio-medical applications in millimetric wave bands. The antenna is implemented on a leather textile-based substrate to be embedded in a smartwatch. It enables the watch to pick Wi-Fi signals without the need to be connected to a mobile through Bluetooth. It operates at 60 GHz or WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance) band with a wide band for higher rate applications. It also could be implemented over many stratified layers of the body organisms to be used in the diagnosis of many diseases like diabetes and cancer. The structure is designed and simulated using CST (Studio Suite) program. The wearable patch antenna has an octagon shape, and it is implemented on leather material that acts as a flexible substrate with a size of 5.632 x 6.4 x 2 mm3, a relative permittivity of 2.95, and a loss tangent of 0.006. The feeding is carried out using differential feed (discrete port in CST). The work provides five antenna implementations; antenna without ground, a ground is added at the back of the antenna in order to increase the antenna gain, the substrate dimensions are increased to 15 x 30 mm2 to resemble the real hand watch size, layers of skin and fat are added under the ground of the antenna to study the effect of human body tissues human on the antenna performance. Finally, the whole structure is bent. It is found that the antenna can achieve a simulated peak realized gain in dB of 5.68, 7.28, 6.15, 3.03, and 4.37 for antenna without ground, antenna with the ground, antenna with larger substrate dimensions, antenna with skin and fat, and bent structure, respectively. The antenna with ground exhibits high gain; while adding the human organisms absorption, the gain is degraded because of human absorption. The bent structure contributes to higher gain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20medical%20engineering" title="bio medical engineering">bio medical engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millimetric%20wave" title=" millimetric wave"> millimetric wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20watch" title=" smart watch"> smart watch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20antennas" title=" textile antennas"> textile antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wi-Fi" title=" Wi-Fi"> Wi-Fi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151586/design-and-implementation-of-smart-watch-textile-antenna-for-wi-fi-bio-medical-applications-in-millimetric-wave-band" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> The Potential Effectiveness of Marine Algae in Removal of Heavy Metal from Aqueous Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wed%20Albalawi">Wed Albalawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtihaj%20Jambi"> Ebtihaj Jambi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Albazi"> Maha Albazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shareefa%20AlGhamdi"> Shareefa AlGhamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal pollution has become a hard threat to marine ecosystems alongside extremely industrialized and urban (urbanized) zones because of their toxicity, resolution, and non-biodegradable nature. Great interest has been given to a new technique -biosorption- which exploits the cell envelopes of organisms to remove metals from water solutions. The main objective of the present study is to explore the potential of marine algae from the Red Sea for the removal of heavy metals from an aqueous medium. The subsequent objective is to study the effect of pH and agitation time on the adsorption capacity of marine algae. Randomly chosen algae from the Red Sea (Jeddah) with known altitude and depth were collected. Analysis of heavy metal ion concentration was measured by ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry) using air argon gas. A standard solution of heavy metal ions was prepared by diluting the original standard solution with ultrapure water. Types of seaweed were used to study the effect of pH on the biosorption of different heavy metals. The biosorption capacity of Cr is significantly lower in Padina Pavonica (P.P) compared to the biosorption capacity in Sargassum Muticum (S.M). The S.M exhibited significantly higher in Cr removal than the P.P at pH 2 and pH 7. However, the P.P exhibited significantly higher in Cr removal than the S.M at pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, pH 6, and pH 8. In conclusion, the dried cells of algae can be used as an effective tool for the removal of heavy metals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title="biosorption">biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20value" title=" pH value"> pH value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20algae" title=" brown algae"> brown algae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175803/the-potential-effectiveness-of-marine-algae-in-removal-of-heavy-metal-from-aqueous-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al-Ghamdi&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al-Ghamdi&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanem%20Al-Ghamdi&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a 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