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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Form_and_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Form_and_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Form and definition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Form_and_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1920s–1960s:_Ryūkōka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1920s–1960s:_Ryūkōka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1920s–1960s: Ryūkōka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1920s–1960s:_Ryūkōka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s:_Origin_of_modern_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s:_Origin_of_modern_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1960s: Origin of modern style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s:_Origin_of_modern_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rokabirī_Boom_and_Wasei_pops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rokabirī_Boom_and_Wasei_pops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Rokabirī Boom and Wasei pops </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rokabirī_Boom_and_Wasei_pops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ereki_boom_and_group_sounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ereki_boom_and_group_sounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Ereki boom and group sounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ereki_boom_and_group_sounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s:_Development_of_"new_music"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s:_Development_of_"new_music""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1970s: Development of "new music" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s:_Development_of_"new_music"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fōku_and_new_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fōku_and_new_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Fōku and new music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fōku_and_new_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_Japanese_rock_and_electronic_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_Japanese_rock_and_electronic_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Emergence of Japanese rock and electronic music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_Japanese_rock_and_electronic_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s:_Fusion_with_"kayōkyoku"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s:_Fusion_with_"kayōkyoku""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1980s: Fusion with "kayōkyoku" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s:_Fusion_with_"kayōkyoku"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 City pop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_of_the_Japanese_rock_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_of_the_Japanese_rock_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 Growth of the Japanese rock industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_of_the_Japanese_rock_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_age,_decline_and_transfiguration_of_Idols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_age,_decline_and_transfiguration_of_Idols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 Golden age, decline and transfiguration of Idols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_age,_decline_and_transfiguration_of_Idols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s:_Coining_of_the_term_"J-pop"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s:_Coining_of_the_term_"J-pop""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1990s: Coining of the term "J-pop" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s:_Coining_of_the_term_"J-pop"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1990–1997:_Growing_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–1997:_Growing_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 1990–1997: Growing market </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–1997:_Growing_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1997–1999:_Commercial_peak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1997–1999:_Commercial_peak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 1997–1999: Commercial peak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1997–1999:_Commercial_peak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s:_Diversification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s:_Diversification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 2000s: Diversification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s:_Diversification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Avex_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avex_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 Avex group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avex_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaku-uta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaku-uta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.2 Chaku-uta </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaku-uta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_hip_hop_and_urban_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_hip_hop_and_urban_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.3 Japanese hip hop and urban pop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_hip_hop_and_urban_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity_of_live_performances_and_veteran_musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_of_live_performances_and_veteran_musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.4 Popularity of live performances and veteran musicians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_of_live_performances_and_veteran_musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johnny_&_Associates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johnny_&_Associates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.5 Johnny & Associates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johnny_&_Associates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cover_versions_and_classical_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cover_versions_and_classical_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.6 Cover versions and classical pop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cover_versions_and_classical_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_from_neofolk_and_neo_Shibuya-kei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_from_neofolk_and_neo_Shibuya-kei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.7 Influence from neofolk and neo Shibuya-kei </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_from_neofolk_and_neo_Shibuya-kei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anime_music,_image_song_and_Vocaloid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anime_music,_image_song_and_Vocaloid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.8 Anime music, image song and Vocaloid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anime_music,_image_song_and_Vocaloid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s:_Popularity_of_idol_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s:_Popularity_of_idol_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 2010s: Popularity of idol groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s:_Popularity_of_idol_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s:_Global_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s:_Global_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 2020s: Global popularity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s:_Global_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Artists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">J-pop</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" > 68 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="بوب ياباني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوب ياباني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Джей-поп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джей-поп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-Pop" title="J-Pop – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="J-Pop" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-Pop" title="J-Pop – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="J-Pop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-Pop" title="J-Pop – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="J-Pop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-popo" title="J-popo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="J-popo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-Pop" title="J-Pop – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="J-Pop" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="جی-پاپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جی-پاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D6%83%D5%B8%D6%83" title="Ջեյ փոփ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյ փոփ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99-%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4" title="ג'יי-פופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יי-פופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81%C5%86u_popm%C5%ABzika" title="Japāņu popmūzika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāņu popmūzika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-Pop" title="J-Pop – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="J-Pop" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="بوب يابانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوب يابانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-POP" title="J-POP – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="J-POP" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D" title="J-ପପ୍ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="J-ପପ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AA" title="ਜੇ-ਪੌਪ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇ-ਪੌਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%BE" title="جەی-پۆپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەی-پۆپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Џеј-поп – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џеј-поп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B" title="เจป็อป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจป็อป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="日本流行音乐 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本流行音乐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-pop" title="J-pop – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="J-pop" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="日本流行音樂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本流行音樂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J-pop" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Japanese popular music" redirects here. For Japanese popular culture, see <a href="/wiki/Japanese_popular_culture" title="Japanese popular culture">Japanese popular culture</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">J-pop</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Group_sounds" title="Group sounds">group sounds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_music" title="Crossover music">crossover</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Nominally 1980s–early 1990s Japan; Roots traced to the 1960s–1970s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese hip hop">Japanese hip hop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat#J-Euro" title="Eurobeat">J-Euro</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Technopop" class="mw-redirect" title="Technopop">technopop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">Enka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Image_song" title="Image song">image song</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">Japanese idol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Para_Para" title="Para Para">Para Para</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Super_Eurobeat" title="Super Eurobeat">Super Eurobeat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> J-pop (ジェーポップ, jēpoppu) (often stylized in <a href="/wiki/All_caps" title="All caps">all caps</a>; an abbreviated form of "Japanese popular music"), natively also known simply as pops (ポップス, poppusu), is the name for a form of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">music of Japan</a>, and significantly in <a href="/wiki/1960s_in_music" title="1960s in music">1960s</a> <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a>. J-pop replaced <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">kayōkyoku</a> ("Lyric Singing Music"), a term for Japanese popular music from the 1920s to the 1980s in the Japanese music scene.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese rock</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/Happy_End_(band)" title="Happy End (band)">Happy End</a> fused <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beach_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach Boys">Beach Boys</a>-style rock with Japanese music in the 1960s–1970s.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> J-pop was further defined by <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crossover_music" title="Crossover music">crossover</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">fusion</a> acts of the late 1970s, such as <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whonejp-4">[4]</a> Popular styles of Japanese pop music include <a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">city pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technopop" class="mw-redirect" title="Technopop">technopop</a> during the 1970s–1980s, and <a href="/wiki/Eurobeat#J-Euro" title="Eurobeat">J-Euro</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a>)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> during the 1990s and 2000s. <a href="/wiki/Country_music#Japan_and_Asia" title="Country music">Japanese country</a> had popularity during the international popularity of <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Westerns</a> in the 1960s–1970s as well, and it still has appeal due to the work of musicians like <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Nagatani" title="Charlie Nagatani">Charlie Nagatani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomi_Fujiyama" title="Tomi Fujiyama">Tomi Fujiyama</a>, along with venues like <a href="/wiki/Little_Texas_(Tokyo_restaurant)" title="Little Texas (Tokyo restaurant)">Little Texas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Opry-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR.org_2015-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese hip hop">Japanese hip hop</a> became mainstream with producer <a href="/wiki/Nujabes" title="Nujabes">Nujabes</a> during the 1990s–2000s, especially his work on <a href="/wiki/Samurai_Champloo" title="Samurai Champloo">Samurai Champloo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ryan-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese pop culture">Japanese pop culture</a> is often seen with <a href="/wiki/Anime_in_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime in hip hop">anime in hip hop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Capitao_2019-9">[9]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">CCM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel music</a> have scenes within J-pop.<a href="#cite_note-Thompson-Hernández_2019-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Minako_2013_pp._187–213-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Form_and_definition">Form and definition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Form and definition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">Independent music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese rock</a></div> The origin of modern J-pop is said to be Japanese-language <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> inspired by the likes of <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> Unlike the Japanese music genre called <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">kayōkyoku</a>, J-pop uses a special kind of pronunciation, which is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kobe-12">[12]</a> One notable singer to do so is <a href="/wiki/Keisuke_Kuwata" title="Keisuke Kuwata">Keisuke Kuwata</a>, who pronounced the Japanese word karada ("body") as kyerada.<a href="#cite_note-kobe-12">[12]</a> Additionally, unlike Western music, the <a href="/wiki/Major_second" title="Major second">major second</a> (sol and la) was usually not used in Japanese music, except <a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">art music</a>, before rock music became popular in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-Matsuoka_Seigo-13">[13]</a> When the <a href="/wiki/Group_Sounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Sounds">Group Sounds</a> genre, which was inspired by Western rock, became popular, Japanese pop music adopted the major second, which was used in the final sounds of The Beatles' song "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Hold_Your_Hand" title="I Want to Hold Your Hand">I Want to Hold Your Hand</a>" and <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>' song "<a href="/wiki/(I_Can%27t_Get_No)_Satisfaction" title="(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction">(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Matsuoka_Seigo-13">[13]</a> Although Japanese pop music changed from music based on Japanese <a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">pentatonic scale</a> and distortional <a href="/wiki/Tetrachord" title="Tetrachord">tetrachord</a> to the more occidental music over time, music that drew from the traditional Japanese singing style remained popular (such as that of <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Shiina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringo Shiina">Ringo Shiina</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Matsuoka_Seigo-13">[13]</a> At first, the term J-pop was used only for Western-style musicians in Japan, such as <a href="/wiki/Pizzicato_Five" title="Pizzicato Five">Pizzicato Five</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flipper%27s_Guitar" title="Flipper's Guitar">Flipper's Guitar</a>, just after Japanese radio station <a href="/wiki/J-Wave" title="J-Wave">J-Wave</a> was established.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> On the other hand, Mitsuhiro Hidaka of <a href="/wiki/AAA_(band)" title="AAA (band)">AAA</a> from <a href="/wiki/Avex_Trax" title="Avex Trax">Avex Trax</a> said that J-pop was originally derived from the <a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a> genre.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> However, the term became a <a href="/wiki/Blanket_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanket term">blanket term</a>, covering other music genres—such as the majority of Japanese rock music of the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> In 1990, the Japanese subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Tower_Records_(music_retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Records (music retailer)">Tower Records</a> defined J-pop as all Japanese music belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan" title="Recording Industry Association of Japan">Recording Industry Association of Japan</a> except Japanese <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independent music</a> (which they term "J-indie"); their stores began to use additional classifications, such as J-club, J-punk, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese hip hop">J-hip-hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_reggae" title="Japanese reggae">J-reggae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_in_Japanese_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Music in Japanese animation">J-anime</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a> by 2008, after independent musicians started to release works via major labels.<a href="#cite_note-excite-15">[15]</a> Ito Music City, a Japanese record store, adopted expanded classifications including Group Sounds, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">idol</a> of the 1970s–1980s, <a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">enka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> and established musicians of the 1970s–1980s, in addition to the main J-pop genres.<a href="#cite_note-excite-15">[15]</a> Whereas rock musicians in Japan usually hate the term "pop", Taro Kato, a member of <a href="/wiki/Pop_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop punk">pop punk</a> band <a href="/wiki/Beat_Crusaders" title="Beat Crusaders">Beat Crusaders</a>, pointed out that the encoded <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a>, was catchier than "J-pop" and he also said that J-pop was the pops (ポップス, poppusu) music, memorable for its frequency of airplay, in an interview when the band completed their first full-length studio album under a major label, <a href="/wiki/P.O.A.:_Pop_on_Arrival" class="mw-redirect" title="P.O.A.: Pop on Arrival">P.O.A.: Pop on Arrival</a>, in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-bikuru-16">[16]</a> Because the band did not want to perform J-pop music, their album featured the <a href="/wiki/1980s_in_music#Pop" title="1980s in music">1980s Pop</a> of <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bikuru-16">[16]</a> According to his fellow band member Toru Hidaka, the 1990s music that influenced him (such as <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hi-Standard" title="Hi-Standard">Hi-Standard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flipper%27s_Guitar" title="Flipper's Guitar">Flipper's Guitar</a>) was not listened to by fans of other music in Japan at that time.<a href="#cite_note-bikuru-16">[16]</a> In contrast to this, although many Japanese rock musicians until the late 1980s disrespected the <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">kayōkyoku</a> music, many of Japanese rock bands of the 1990s—such as <a href="/wiki/Glay" title="Glay">Glay</a>—assimilated kayōkyoku into their music.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> After the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">breakbeat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">samplers</a> also changed the Japanese music scene, where expert <a href="/wiki/Drummer" title="Drummer">drummers</a> had played good rhythm because <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">traditional Japanese music</a> did not have the rhythm based on rock or blues.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> Hide of <a href="/wiki/Greeeen" title="Greeeen">Greeeen</a> openly described their music genre as J-pop. He said, "I also love rock, hip hop and breakbeats, but my field is consistently J-pop. For example, hip hop musicians learn 'the culture of hip hop' when they begin their career. We are not like those musicians and we love the music as sounds very much. Those professional people may say 'What are you doing?' but I think that our musical style is cool after all. The good thing is good."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> One term recently coined in relation to "J-pop" is <a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game">gacha</a> pop (ガチャポップ, gachapoppu) coming from the industry's association with other popular cultures within Japan that has gained international attention like <a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">city pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anisong" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisong">anisong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocaloid" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloids</a> and <a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTubing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s–1960s:_Ryūkōka">1920s–1960s: Ryūkōka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1920s–1960s: Ryūkōka">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Japanese jazz</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg/150px-%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg/225px-%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg/300px-%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="1486" /></a><figcaption>Ichiro Fujiyama, influential ryūkōka singer</figcaption></figure> Japanese popular music, called <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">ryūkōka</a> before being split into <a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">enka</a> and poppusu,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> has origins in the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a>, but most Japanese scholars consider the <a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishō period">Taishō period</a> to be the actual starting point of ryūkōka, as it is the era in which the genre first gained nationwide popularity.<a href="#cite_note-Yano33-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mini248-21">[21]</a> By the Taishō period, Western musical techniques and instruments, which had been <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Meiji Japan">introduced to Japan in the Meiji period</a>, were widely used.<a href="#cite_note-Mini248-21">[21]</a> Influenced by Western genres such as <a href="/wiki/Jazz_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz music">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, ryūkōka incorporated Western instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">harmonica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>. However, the melodies were often written according to the traditional Japanese <a href="/wiki/Pentatonic_scale" title="Pentatonic scale">pentatonic scale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yano33-20">[20]</a> In the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Ichiro_Fujiyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichiro Fujiyama">Ichiro Fujiyama</a> released popular songs with his <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> voice.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Fujiyama sang songs with a lower volume than <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> (the technique is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Crooner" title="Crooner">crooning</a>).<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:J-pop#Dubious" title="Talk:J-pop">discuss</a>] Jazz musician <a href="/wiki/Ryoichi_Hattori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryoichi Hattori">Ryoichi Hattori</a> attempted to produce Japanese native music which had a "flavor" of <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> He composed <a href="/wiki/Noriko_Awaya" title="Noriko Awaya">Noriko Awaya</a>'s hit song "Wakare no Blues" (lit. "Farewell Blues").<a href="#cite_note-ryoichihattori-25">[25]</a> Awaya became a famous popular singer and was called "Queen of Blues" in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Due to pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a> during the war, the performance of jazz music was temporarily halted in Japan. Hattori, who stayed in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> at the end of the war, produced hit songs such as <a href="/wiki/Shizuko_Kasagi" title="Shizuko Kasagi">Shizuko Kasagi</a>'s "Tokyo Boogie-Woogie" and <a href="/wiki/Ichiro_Fujiyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichiro Fujiyama">Ichiro Fujiyama</a>'s "Aoi Sanmyaku" (lit. "Blue Mountain Range").<a href="#cite_note-ryoichihattori-25">[25]</a> Hattori later became known as the "Father of Japanese poppusu".<a href="#cite_note-ryoichihattori-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> soldiers—who were <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">occupying Japan</a> at the time—and the <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Network" title="Far East Network">Far East Network</a> introduced a number of new musical styles to the country.<a href="#cite_note-jazzkissa-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">Boogie-woogie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a> were performed by Japanese musicians for the American troops. <a href="/wiki/Chiemi_Eri" title="Chiemi Eri">Chiemi Eri</a>'s cover song "<a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Waltz" title="Tennessee Waltz">Tennessee Waltz</a>" (1952), <a href="/wiki/Hibari_Misora" title="Hibari Misora">Hibari Misora</a>'s "Omatsuri Mambo" (1952), and <a href="/wiki/Izumi_Yukimura" title="Izumi Yukimura">Izumi Yukimura</a>'s cover song "<a href="/wiki/Till_I_Waltz_Again_with_You" title="Till I Waltz Again with You">Till I Waltz Again with You</a>" (1953) also became popular. Foreign musicians and groups, including <a href="/wiki/JATP" class="mw-redirect" title="JATP">JATP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, visited Japan to perform. In the mid-1950s, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_kissa" title="Jazz kissa">Jazz kissa</a> (ジャズ喫茶, Jazu Kissa, literally "Jazz cafe") became a popular venue for live jazz music.<a href="#cite_note-jazzkissa-27">[27]</a> Jazz had a large impact on Japanese poppusu, though "authentic" jazz did not become the mainstream genre of music in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Japanese pop was polarized between urban <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">kayō</a> and modern enka.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Modern J-pop is also sometimes believed to have had its roots with <a href="/wiki/Shidaiqu" title="Shidaiqu">Chinese immigrant jazz musicians</a> who had fled <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">communist takeover</a>, and were collaborating with American soldiers to help introduce a variety of new genres to the Japanese public. In 1949, when the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">communists</a> took over and established the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland</a>, one of the first actions taken by the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">government</a> was to denounce popular music (specifically both Chinese pop music, known as <a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a>, and Western pop music) as <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Music">decadent music</a>, and for decades afterwards the Communist Party would promote <a href="/wiki/Political_music_in_China#Birth_of_Revolutionary_songs_(1949-1970s)" title="Political music in China">Chinese revolutionary songs</a> while suppressing Chinese folk songs, Chinese pop songs and Western pop songs.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Dissatisfied with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Communist Party of China">Chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>'s new music policies, a number of Shanghainese jazz musicians fled to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and established <a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a>, which is pop music sung in the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> dialect of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wordie-31">[31]</a> However, a few musicians instead settled in Japan, where they became members of the <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Network" title="Far East Network">Far East Network</a> and collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">American soldiers</a> to help expose the Japanese public to a wide variety of western genres. This eventually lead to the establishment of modern Japanese pop music, known as <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">kayōkyoku</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s:_Origin_of_modern_style">1960s: Origin of modern style</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1960s: Origin of modern style">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rokabirī_Boom_and_Wasei_pops">Rokabirī Boom and Wasei pops</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rokabirī Boom and Wasei pops">edit</a>]</div> During the 1950s and 60s, many Kayōkyoku groups and singers gained experience performing on US military bases in Japan. Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">yakuza</a> manager <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Taoka" title="Kazuo Taoka">Kazuo Taoka</a> reorganized the concert touring industry by treating the performers as professionals. Many of these performers later became key participants in the J-pop genre.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1956, Japan's <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> craze began, due to the country music group known as <a href="/wiki/Kazuya_Kosaka" title="Kazuya Kosaka">Kosaka Kazuya</a> and the Wagon Masters; their rendition of <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Heartbreak_Hotel" title="Heartbreak Hotel">Heartbreak Hotel</a>" helped to fuel the trend. The music was called "<a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a>" (or rokabirī) by the Japanese media.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Performers learned to play the music and translate the lyrics of popular American songs, resulting in the birth of Cover Pops (カヴァーポップス, Kavā poppusu).<a href="#cite_note-showahibari-34">[34]</a> The rockabilly movement would reach its peak when 45,000 people saw the performances by Japanese singers at the first Nichigeki Western Carnival in one week of February 1958.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyu_Sakamoto" title="Kyu Sakamoto">Kyu Sakamoto</a>, a fan of Elvis, made his stage début as a member of the band <a href="/wiki/The_Drifters_(Japanese_band)" title="The Drifters (Japanese band)">The Drifters</a> at the Nichigeki Western Carnival in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> His 1961 song "Ue wo Muite Arukō" ("Let's Look Up and Walk"), known in other parts of the world as "<a href="/wiki/Sukiyaki_(song)" title="Sukiyaki (song)">Sukiyaki</a>", was released to the United States in 1963. It was the first Japanese song to reach the Number One position in the United States, spending four weeks in <a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a> and three weeks in <a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. It also received a <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">gold record</a> for selling one million copies.<a href="#cite_note-NippopSAKAMOTO-37">[37]</a> During this period, female duo <a href="/wiki/The_Peanuts" title="The Peanuts">The Peanuts</a> also became popular, singing a song in the movie <a href="/wiki/Mothra_(film)" title="Mothra (film)">Mothra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Their songs, such as "Furimukanaide" ("Don't Turn Around") were later covered by <a href="/wiki/Candies_(group)" title="Candies (group)">Candies</a> on their album Candy Label.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Artists like Kyu Sakamoto and The Peanuts were called Wasei Pops (和製ポップス, Wasei poppusu, "Japan-made pop").<a href="#cite_note-showahibari-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> After frequently changing members, <a href="/wiki/Chosuke_Ikariya" title="Chosuke Ikariya">Chosuke Ikariya</a> re-formed The Drifters in 1964 under the same name. At a Beatles concert in 1966, they acted as curtain raisers, but the audience generally objected.<a href="#cite_note-arai-41">[41]</a> Eventually, The Drifters became popular in Japan, releasing "Zundoko-Bushi" ("Echoic word tune") in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-arai-41">[41]</a> Along with enka singer <a href="/wiki/Keiko_Fuji" title="Keiko Fuji">Keiko Fuji</a>, they won "the award for mass popularity" at the <a href="/wiki/12th_Japan_Record_Awards" title="12th Japan Record Awards">12th Japan Record Awards</a> in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Keiko Fuji's 1970 album Shinjuku no Onna/'Enka no Hoshi' Fuji Keiko no Subete ("Woman in Shinjuku/'Star of Enka' All of Keiko Fuji") established an all-time record in the history of the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> chart by staying in the Number One spot for 20 consecutive weeks.<a href="#cite_note-1000numberone-43">[43]</a> The Drifters later came to be known as television personalities and invited <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">idols</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Momoe_Yamaguchi" title="Momoe Yamaguchi">Momoe Yamaguchi</a> and Candies to their television program.<a href="#cite_note-arai-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ereki_boom_and_group_sounds">Ereki boom and group sounds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ereki boom and group sounds">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Group_sounds" title="Group sounds">Group sounds</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg/200px-Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg/300px-Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg/400px-Nippon_Budokan_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Nippon Budokan, legendary place for Japanese musicians</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Ventures" title="The Ventures">The Ventures</a> visited Japan in 1962, causing the widespread embrace of the <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a> called the "Ereki boom".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABz%C5%8D_Kayama" title="Yūzō Kayama">Yūzō Kayama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Terauchi" title="Takeshi Terauchi">Takeshi Terauchi</a> became famous players of electric guitar.<a href="#cite_note-ventures-45">[45]</a> In 1966, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> came to Japan and sang their songs at the <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Budokan" title="Nippon Budokan">Nippon Budokan</a>, becoming the first <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> band to perform a concert there.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The public believed that the Beatles would cause <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency" title="Juvenile delinquency">juvenile delinquency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> The Japanese government deployed <a href="/wiki/Riot_police" title="Riot police">riot police</a> against young rock fans at the Nippon Budokan.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> felt that they were not well regarded in Japan, but <a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a> has never really died there.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The Beatles inspired Japanese bands, creating the <a href="/wiki/Group_sounds" title="Group sounds">group sounds</a> genre in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> Most Japanese musicians felt that they could not sing rock in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, so the popularity of Japanese rock gradually declined.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> As a result, there were debates such as "Should we sing rock music in Japanese?" and "Should we sing in English?" between <a href="/wiki/Happy_End_(band)" title="Happy End (band)">Happy End</a> and <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABya_Uchida_(singer/actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yūya Uchida (singer/actor)">Yuya Uchida</a> about Japanese rock music.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> This confrontation was called "Japanese-language rock controversy" (日本語ロック論争, Nihongo Rokku Ronsō).<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Happy End proved that rock music could be sung in Japanese, and one theory holds that their music became one of the origins of modern J-pop.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> The Beatles also inspired <a href="/wiki/Eikichi_Yazawa" title="Eikichi Yazawa">Eikichi Yazawa</a>, who grew up in an underprivileged family, his father dying when he was a child.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keisuke_Kuwata" title="Keisuke Kuwata">Keisuke Kuwata</a>, who grew up in a dual-income family, was influenced by the Beatles through his older sister, then an avid fan.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsui_Inoue" title="Yōsui Inoue">Yōsui Inoue</a> was also a fan of The Beatles, but he said that his music style was not particularly related to them.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> After Happy End disbanded in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Haruomi_Hosono" title="Haruomi Hosono">Haruomi Hosono</a>, a former member, began a solo career and later formed <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s:_Development_of_"new_music"">1970s: Development of "new music"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1970s: Development of "new music"">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fōku_and_new_music">Fōku and new music</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fōku and new music">edit</a>]</div> In the early 1960s, some Japanese music became influenced by the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American folk music revival</a>; this was called fōku (フォーク, "folk"), although the genre of music was mostly covers of original songs.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In the late 1960s, <a href="/wiki/The_Folk_Crusaders" title="The Folk Crusaders">the Folk Crusaders</a> became famous and the underground music around that time became called fōku.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> As with enka, Japanese fōku singers Wataru Takada performed social satires.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In the early 1970s, the emphasis shifted from fōku's simple songs with a single guitar accompaniment to more complex musical arrangements known as new music (ニューミュージック, nyū myūjikku).<a href="#cite_note-newmusic-58">[58]</a> Instead of social messages, the songs focused on more personal messages, such as love. In 1972, singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Takuro_Yoshida" title="Takuro Yoshida">Takuro Yoshida</a> produced a hit song "Kekkon Shiyouyo" ("Let's marry") without decent television promotion, though fans of fōku music became very angry because his music seemed to be a low effort or low quality form of music.<a href="#cite_note-asahi-59">[59]</a> The highest-selling single of the year was the enka song by <a href="/wiki/Shiro_Miya" title="Shiro Miya">Shiro Miya</a> and the Pinkara Trio, "<a href="/wiki/Onna_no_Michi" title="Onna no Michi">Onna no Michi</a>".<a href="#cite_note-asahi-59">[59]</a> The song eventually sold over 3.25 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-smap-60">[60]</a> On December 1, 1973, <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dsui_Inoue" title="Yōsui Inoue">Yōsui Inoue</a> released the album <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dri_no_Sekai" title="Kōri no Sekai">Kōri no Sekai</a>, which topped the Oricon charts and remained in Top 10 for 113 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> It spent 13 consecutive weeks in the number-one spot, and eventually established a still-standing record of a total 35 weeks at the number-one position on the Oricon charts.<a href="#cite_note-1000numberone-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yumi_Matsutoya" title="Yumi Matsutoya">Yumi Matsutoya</a>, formerly known by her maiden name Yumi Arai, also became a notable singer-songwriter during this period In October 1975, she released a single "Ano Hi ni Kaeritai" ("I want to return to that day"), making it her first number-one single on the Oricon charts.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miyuki_Nakajima" title="Miyuki Nakajima">Miyuki Nakajima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amii_Ozaki" title="Amii Ozaki">Amii Ozaki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Junko_Yagami" title="Junko Yagami">Junko Yagami</a> were also popular singer-songwriters during this period. At first, only Yumi Matsutoya was commonly called a new music artist, but the concept of Japanese fōku music changed around that time.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-64">[64]</a> In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Chage_and_Aska" title="Chage and Aska">Chage and Aska</a> made their debut, and folk band <a href="/wiki/Off_Course" title="Off Course">Off Course</a> (with singer <a href="/wiki/Kazumasa_Oda" title="Kazumasa Oda">Kazumasa Oda</a>) released a hit song "Sayonara" ("Good-bye"). <a href="/wiki/Saki_Kubota" title="Saki Kubota">Saki Kubota</a> was described as the standard bearer of new music.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergence_of_Japanese_rock_and_electronic_music">Emergence of Japanese rock and electronic music</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Emergence of Japanese rock and electronic music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a> remained a relatively <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground music</a> genre in the early 1970s in Japan,<a href="#cite_note-newmusic-58">[58]</a> though <a href="/wiki/Happy_End_(band)" title="Happy End (band)">Happy End</a> managed to gain mainstream success fusing rock with traditional <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Japanese music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-beatles-3">[3]</a> Several Japanese musicians began experimenting with <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">electronic rock</a>. The most notable was the internationally renowned <a href="/wiki/Isao_Tomita" title="Isao Tomita">Isao Tomita</a>, whose 1972 album Electric Samurai: Switched on Rock featured electronic <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a> renditions of contemporary rock and <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop songs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jenkins_2007-66">[66]</a> Other early examples of electronic rock records include <a href="/wiki/Inoue_Yousui" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoue Yousui">Inoue Yousui</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a> album Ice World (1973) and <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Kitajima" title="Osamu Kitajima">Osamu Kitajima</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive</a> <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a> album <a href="/wiki/Benzaiten" title="Benzaiten">Benzaiten</a> (1974), both of which involved contributions from Haruomi Hosono,<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> who later started the electronic music group "Yellow Magic Band" (later known as Yellow Magic Orchestra) in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-discogs_paraiso-69">[69]</a> In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Eikichi_Yazawa" title="Eikichi Yazawa">Eikichi Yazawa</a>'s rock single "Jikan yo Tomare" ("Time, Stop") became a smash hit that sold over 639,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> He is regarded as one of the pioneers of Japanese rock.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> He sought worldwide success, and in 1980 he signed a contract with the Warner Pioneer record company and moved to the West Coast of the United States. He recorded the albums Yazawa, It's Just Rock n' Roll, and Flash in Japan, all of which were released worldwide, but were not very commercially successful. <a href="/wiki/Keisuke_Kuwata" title="Keisuke Kuwata">Keisuke Kuwata</a> formed the rock band <a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a> (SAS), which made their debut in 1978. Southern All Stars remains very popular in Japan today. In the same year, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a> (YMO) also made their official debut with their <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra_(album)" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra (album)">self-titled album</a>. The band, whose members were <a href="/wiki/Haruomi_Hosono" title="Haruomi Hosono">Haruomi Hosono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yukihiro_Takahashi" title="Yukihiro Takahashi">Yukihiro Takahashi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryuichi_Sakamoto" title="Ryuichi Sakamoto">Ryuichi Sakamoto</a>, developed <a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electropop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">technopop</a> as it is known in Japan,<a href="#cite_note-sarasota-73">[73]</a> in addition to pioneering <a href="/wiki/Synthpop" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthpop">synthpop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electro_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro music">electro music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wire_1996-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-broughton_2007-75">[75]</a> Their 1979 album <a href="/wiki/Solid_State_Survivor" title="Solid State Survivor">Solid State Survivor</a> reached number one on the <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> charts in July 1980,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and went on to sell two million records worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-Hardy_1987-77">[77]</a> At around the same time, the YMO albums Solid State Survivor and <a href="/wiki/X%E2%88%9EMultiplies" title="X∞Multiplies">X∞Multiplies</a> held both the top two spots on the <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> charts for seven consecutive weeks, making YMO the only band in Japanese chart history to achieve this feat.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Young fans of their music during this period became known as the "YMO Generation" (YMO世代, YMO sedai).<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> YMO had a significant impact on Japanese pop music, which started becoming increasingly dominated by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> due to their influence,<a href="#cite_note-loubet_couroux-81">[81]</a> and they had an equally large impact on electronic music across the world.<a href="#cite_note-fidelity_1993-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-allmusic_ymo-83">[83]</a> Southern All Stars and Yellow Magic Orchestra symbolized the end of New Music and paved the way for the emergence of the J-pop genre in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-whonejp-4">[4]</a> Both bands, SAS and YMO, would later be ranked at the top of <a href="/wiki/HMV_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="HMV Group">HMV Japan</a>'s list of top 100 Japanese musicians of all time.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s:_Fusion_with_"kayōkyoku"">1980s: Fusion with "kayōkyoku"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1980s: Fusion with "kayōkyoku"">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_pop">City pop</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: City pop">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg/220px-Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg/330px-Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg/440px-Keigo_Oyamada_and_Ryuichi_Sakamoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3372" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_(musician)" title="Cornelius (musician)">Keigo Oyamada</a> (left) with <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">YMO</a> member <a href="/wiki/Ryuichi_Sakamoto" title="Ryuichi Sakamoto">Ryuichi Sakamoto</a></figcaption></figure> In the early 1980s, with the spread of <a href="/wiki/Car_stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Car stereo">car stereos</a>, the term city pop (シティーポップ, shitī poppu) came to describe a type of popular music that had a big city theme.<a href="#cite_note-citypop-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> in particular inspired many songs of this form. During this time, music fans and artists in Japan were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">album-oriented rock</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">adult contemporary</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover (music)">crossover</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a>).<a href="#cite_note-citypop-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> City pop was affected by new music, though its origins have been traced back to the mid-1970s, with the work of the Japanese rock band <a href="/wiki/Happy_End_(band)" title="Happy End (band)">Happy End</a> and its former member <a href="/wiki/Haruomi_Hosono" title="Haruomi Hosono">Haruomi Hosono</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Tatsuro_Yamashita" title="Tatsuro Yamashita">Tatsuro Yamashita</a>.<a href="#cite_note-waxpoetics-88">[88]</a> The popularity of city pop plummeted when the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a> burst in 1990. Its musical characteristics (except its "cultural background") were inherited by 1990s <a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Pizzicato_Five" title="Pizzicato Five">Pizzicato Five</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flipper%27s_Guitar" title="Flipper's Guitar">Flipper's Guitar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-citypop-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Growth_of_the_Japanese_rock_industry">Growth of the Japanese rock industry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Growth of the Japanese rock industry">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xjapan_hongkong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Xjapan_hongkong.jpg/250px-Xjapan_hongkong.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Xjapan_hongkong.jpg/375px-Xjapan_hongkong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Xjapan_hongkong.jpg/500px-Xjapan_hongkong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption>Concert of pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">visual kei</a>, <a href="/wiki/X_Japan" title="X Japan">X Japan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> in 2009 after their 2007 reunion</figcaption></figure> Throughout the 1980s, rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a>, <a href="/wiki/RC_Succession" title="RC Succession">RC Succession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anzen_Chitai" title="Anzen Chitai">Anzen Chitai</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Checkers_(Japanese_band)" title="The Checkers (Japanese band)">The Checkers</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Alfee" title="The Alfee">The Alfee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Hearts" title="The Blue Hearts">The Blue Hearts</a> became popular. Anzen Chitai came from <a href="/wiki/Yosui_Inoue" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosui Inoue">Yosui Inoue</a>'s backup band. On December 1, 1983, rock singer <a href="/wiki/Yutaka_Ozaki" title="Yutaka Ozaki">Yutaka Ozaki</a> debuted at the age of 18. In 1986, The Alfee became the first artists to play a concert in front of an audience of 100,000 people in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Some Japanese musicians, such as <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B8wy" title="Boøwy">Boøwy</a>, <a href="/wiki/TM_Network" title="TM Network">TM Network</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buck-Tick" title="Buck-Tick">Buck-Tick</a>, were influenced by <a href="/wiki/New_Romanticism" class="mw-redirect" title="New Romanticism">New Romanticism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Boøwy became an especially influential rock band, whose members included singer <a href="/wiki/Kyosuke_Himuro" title="Kyosuke Himuro">Kyosuke Himuro</a> and guitarist <a href="/wiki/Tomoyasu_Hotei" title="Tomoyasu Hotei">Tomoyasu Hotei</a>. Their three albums reached number one in 1988, making them the first male artists to have three number-ones within a single year.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Subsequent Japanese rock bands were modeled on this band.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Guitarist <a href="/wiki/Tak_Matsumoto" title="Tak Matsumoto">Tak Matsumoto</a>, who supported TM Network's concerts, formed rock duo <a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a> with singer <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Inaba" title="Koshi Inaba">Koshi Inaba</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/All-female_band" title="All-female band">girl band</a> <a href="/wiki/Princess_Princess_(band)" title="Princess Princess (band)">Princess Princess</a> became a successful pop-rock band. Their singles "Diamonds" and "Sekai de Ichiban Atsui Natsu" ("World's Hottest Summer") were ranked at the number-one and number-two spots, respectively, on the 1989 Oricon Yearly Single Charts.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In the late 1980s, a new trend also emerged in Japanese rock music: the <a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">visual kei</a>, a movement notable by male bands who wore makeup, extravagant hair styles, and androgynous costumes. The most successful representatives of the movement are <a href="/wiki/X_Japan" title="X Japan">X Japan</a> (formerly known as "X") and <a href="/wiki/Buck-Tick" title="Buck-Tick">Buck-Tick</a>. X Japan released their first album <a href="/wiki/Vanishing_Vision" title="Vanishing Vision">Vanishing Vision</a> on the indie label <a href="/wiki/Extasy_Records" title="Extasy Records">Extasy Records</a> in 1988; their album <a href="/wiki/Blue_Blood_(X_Japan_album)" title="Blue Blood (X Japan album)">Blue Blood</a> was released on <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">CBS Sony</a> in 1989. Blue Blood sold 712,000 copies, and their 1991 album <a href="/wiki/Jealousy_(X_Japan_album)" title="Jealousy (X Japan album)">Jealousy</a> sold over 1.11 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Surprisingly, X Japan were a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> band, but guitarist <a href="/wiki/Hide_(musician)" title="Hide (musician)">hide</a> later came under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>, releasing his first solo album <a href="/wiki/Hide_Your_Face" title="Hide Your Face">Hide Your Face</a> in 1994 and launching his successful solo career.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Golden_age,_decline_and_transfiguration_of_Idols">Golden age, decline and transfiguration of Idols</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Golden age, decline and transfiguration of Idols">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">Japanese idol</a></div> In the 1970s, the popularity of female <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">idol</a> singers such as <a href="/wiki/Mari_Amachi" title="Mari Amachi">Mari Amachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saori_Minami" title="Saori Minami">Saori Minami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Momoe_Yamaguchi" title="Momoe Yamaguchi">Momoe Yamaguchi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Candies_(group)" title="Candies (group)">Candies</a> increased. Momoe Yamaguchi was one of the first <a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">kayōkyoku</a> singers to use the special pronunciation characteristic of J-pop.<a href="#cite_note-kobe-12">[12]</a> In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Hiromi_Go" title="Hiromi Go">Hiromi Go</a> made his debut with the song "Otokonoko Onnanoko" ("Boy and Girl").<a href="#cite_note-asahi-59">[59]</a> Hiromi Go originally came from <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Associates" title="Johnny & Associates">Johnny & Associates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In 1976, female duo <a href="/wiki/Pink_Lady_(duo)" title="Pink Lady (duo)">Pink Lady</a> made their debut with the single "<a href="/wiki/Pepper_Keibu_(song)" title="Pepper Keibu (song)">Pepper Keibu</a>". They released a record nine consecutive number-one singles.<a href="#cite_note-seikomatsuda-98">[98]</a> In the 1980s, Japanese idols inherited New Music, though the term fell out of usage.<a href="#cite_note-newmusic-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seiko_Matsuda" title="Seiko Matsuda">Seiko Matsuda</a> especially adopted song producers of previous generations.<a href="#cite_note-newmusic-58">[58]</a> In 1980, her third single "Kaze wa Aki Iro" ("Wind is autumn color") reached the number-one spot on the Oricon charts.<a href="#cite_note-seikomatsuda-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Haruomi_Hosono" title="Haruomi Hosono">Haruomi Hosono</a> also joined the production of her music.<a href="#cite_note-newmusic-58">[58]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] She eventually became the first artist to make 24 consecutive number-one singles, breaking Pink Lady's record.<a href="#cite_note-seikomatsuda-98">[98]</a> Other female idol singers achieved significant popularity in the 1980s, such as <a href="/wiki/Akina_Nakamori" title="Akina Nakamori">Akina Nakamori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yukiko_Okada" title="Yukiko Okada">Yukiko Okada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dko_Koizumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyōko Koizumi">Kyōko Koizumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Minamino" title="Yoko Minamino">Yoko Minamino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Momoko_Kikuchi" title="Momoko Kikuchi">Momoko Kikuchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dko_Oginome" title="Yōko Oginome">Yōko Oginome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miho_Nakayama" title="Miho Nakayama">Miho Nakayama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minako_Honda" title="Minako Honda">Minako Honda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chisato_Moritaka" title="Chisato Moritaka">Chisato Moritaka</a>. Okada received the Best New Artist award from the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Record_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Record Award">Japan Record Awards</a> in 1984. Nakamori won the Grand Prix award for two consecutive years (1985 and 1986), also at the Japan Record Awards. Japanese idol band <a href="/wiki/Onyanko_Club" title="Onyanko Club">Onyanko Club</a> made their debut in 1985, and produced popular singer <a href="/wiki/Shizuka_Kud%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizuka Kudō">Shizuka Kudō</a>. They changed the image of Japanese idols.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Around 1985, however, people began to be disenchanted with the system for creating idols.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In 1986, idol singer <a href="/wiki/Yukiko_Okada" title="Yukiko Okada">Yukiko Okada</a>'s song "Kuchibiru Network" ("Lips' Network"), written by Seiko Matsuda and composed by Ryuichi Sakamoto, became a hit song, but she committed suicide immediately after that.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Genji_(band)" title="Hikaru Genji (band)">Hikaru Genji</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Associates" title="Johnny & Associates">Johnny & Associates</a> bands, made their debut in 1987. They became a highly influential rollerskating boy band, with some of their members gaining their own fame as they got older. Their song "Paradise Ginga", written by <a href="/wiki/Aska_(singer)" title="Aska (singer)">Aska</a>, won the Grand Prix award at the <a href="/wiki/30th_Japan_Record_Awards" title="30th Japan Record Awards">30th Japan Record Awards</a> in 1988. Some of the group's backing dancers later formed <a href="/wiki/SMAP" title="SMAP">SMAP</a>. The late 1980s also saw the rise of the female duo <a href="/wiki/Wink_(Japanese_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wink (Japanese band)">Wink</a>. They did not laugh, unlike Japanese idols of former eras. Wink debuted in 1988, surpassing the popularity of the then-most popular female duo, <a href="/wiki/BaBe" title="BaBe">BaBe</a>. Wink's song "<a href="/wiki/Samishii_Nettaigyo" title="Samishii Nettaigyo">Samishii Nettaigyo</a>" won the grand prix award at the <a href="/wiki/31st_Japan_Record_Awards" title="31st Japan Record Awards">31st Japan Record Awards</a> in 1989. Popular singer <a href="/wiki/Hibari_Misora" title="Hibari Misora">Hibari Misora</a> died in 1989, and many kayōkyoku programs, such as The Best Ten, were closed.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/CoCo_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="CoCo (group)">CoCo</a> made their hit debut with the 1989 single "Equal Romance" for the hit <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series <a href="/wiki/Ranma_%C2%BD" title="Ranma ½">Ranma ½</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Komuro" title="Tetsuya Komuro">Tetsuya Komuro</a>, a member of TM Network, broke Seiko Matsuda's streak of 25 consecutive number-ones by making his single "Gravity of Love" to debut at number-one in November 1989.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s:_Coining_of_the_term_"J-pop"">1990s: Coining of the term "J-pop"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1990s: Coining of the term "J-pop"">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1990–1997:_Growing_market">1990–1997: Growing market</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1990–1997: Growing market">edit</a>]</div> In the 1990s, the term J-pop came to refer to all Japanese popular songs except <a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">enka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> During this period, the Japanese music industry sought <a href="/wiki/Marketing_effectiveness" title="Marketing effectiveness">marketing effectiveness</a>. Notable examples of commercial music from the era were the <a href="/wiki/Tie-in" title="Tie-in">tie-in</a> music from the agency <a href="/wiki/Being_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Being (company)">Being</a> and the follow-on, <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Komuro" title="Tetsuya Komuro">Tetsuya Komuro</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The period between around 1990 and 1993 was dominated by artists from <a href="/wiki/Being_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Being Inc.">the Being agency</a>, including <a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tube_(band)" title="Tube (band)">Tube</a>, <a href="/wiki/B.B.Queens" title="B.B.Queens">B.B.Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-Bolan" title="T-Bolan">T-Bolan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zard" title="Zard">Zard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wands_(band)" title="Wands (band)">Wands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maki_Ohguro" title="Maki Ohguro">Maki Ohguro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deen_(band)" title="Deen (band)">Deen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Field_of_View" title="Field of View">Field of View</a>. They were called the Being System (ビーイング系, Bīingu kei).<a href="#cite_note-being-105">[105]</a> Many of those artists topped the charts and established new records,<a href="#cite_note-being-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> notably B'z, which eventually established a new record for consecutive number-one singles, surpassing Seiko Matsuda's record.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> B'z is the Japanese biggest selling artist of all time, according to Oricon charts and RIAJ certifications. On the other hand, Wands, regarded as a pioneer of the "J-pop Boom" of the 1990s, had trouble because member Show Wesugi wanted to play <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a>/<a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Many artists surpassed the two-million-copy mark in the 1990s. <a href="/wiki/Kazumasa_Oda" title="Kazumasa Oda">Kazumasa Oda</a>'s 1991 single "Oh! Yeah!/Love Story wa Totsuzen ni", <a href="/wiki/Chage_and_Aska" title="Chage and Aska">Chage and Aska</a>'s 1991 single "<a href="/wiki/Say_Yes_(Chage_and_Aska_song)" title="Say Yes (Chage and Aska song)">Say Yes</a>" and 1993 single "Yah Yah Yah", <a href="/wiki/Kome_Kome_Club" title="Kome Kome Club">Kome Kome Club</a>'s 1992 single "<a href="/wiki/Kimi_ga_Iru_Dake_de" title="Kimi ga Iru Dake de">Kimi ga Iru Dake de</a>", <a href="/wiki/Mr._Children" title="Mr. Children">Mr. Children</a>'s 1994 single "<a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows_(Mr._Children_song)" title="Tomorrow Never Knows (Mr. Children song)">Tomorrow Never Knows</a>" and 1996 single "<a href="/wiki/Namonaki_Uta" title="Namonaki Uta">Namonaki Uta</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Globe_(band)" title="Globe (band)">Globe</a>'s 1996 single "Departures" are examples of songs that sold more than 2 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-smap-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-First_Love-109">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dreams_Come_True_(band)" title="Dreams Come True (band)">Dreams Come True</a>'s 1992 album <a href="/wiki/The_Swinging_Star" title="The Swinging Star">The Swinging Star</a> became the first album to sell over 3 million copies in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Mr. Children's 1994 album <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Heart_(album)" title="Atomic Heart (album)">Atomic Heart</a> established a new record, selling 3.43 million copies on Oricon charts.<a href="#cite_note-First_Love-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The duo Chage and Aska, who started recording in late 1979, became very popular during this period. They released a string of consecutive hits throughout the early 1990s; in 1996, they took part in <a href="/wiki/MTV_Unplugged" title="MTV Unplugged">MTV Unplugged</a>, making them the first Asian group to do so.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png/245px-Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png" decoding="async" width="245" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png/368px-Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png/490px-Namie_AmuroatMAA_Crop.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a> (center) performs at MTV Asia Aid in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> in 2005.</figcaption></figure> After <a href="/wiki/TM_Network" title="TM Network">TM Network</a> disbanded in 1994, <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Komuro" title="Tetsuya Komuro">Tetsuya Komuro</a> became a serious song producer. The period between 1994 and 1997 was dominated by dance and techno acts from the "Komuro family" (小室ファミリー, Komuro Famirī), such as <a href="/wiki/TRF_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="TRF (band)">TRF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoko_Shinohara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryoko Shinohara">Ryoko Shinohara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuki_Uchida" title="Yuki Uchida">Yuki Uchida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitomi_(singer)" title="Hitomi (singer)">Hitomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Globe_(band)" title="Globe (band)">Globe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomomi_Kahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomomi Kahala">Tomomi Kahala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ami_Suzuki" title="Ami Suzuki">Ami Suzuki</a>. In that time, Komuro was responsible for 20 hit songs, each selling more than a million copies.<a href="#cite_note-badboys-113">[113]</a> While Globe's 1996 album <a href="/wiki/Globe_(album)" title="Globe (album)">Globe</a> sold 4.13 million copies, establishing a record at the time, Namie Amuro's 1997 song "<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Celebrate%3F" title="Can You Celebrate?">Can You Celebrate?</a>" sold 2.29 million copies, is the best selling single of all time by the female solo artist in the history of Jpop.<a href="#cite_note-First_Love-109">[109]</a> His total sales as a song producer reached 170 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> By 1998, Komuro's songs had become less popular. By the middle part of the first decade of the 21st century, Komuro's debt lead him to attempt the sale of his song catalog—which he did not actually own—to an investor. When the investor found out and sued, Komuro tried to sell the catalog to another investor in order to pay the 600,000,000 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> judgement he owed the first investor.<a href="#cite_note-badboys-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a>, who was arguably the most popular solo singer in the period, came from the "<a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Actors_School" title="Okinawa Actors School">Okinawa Actors School</a>", which also incubated the bands <a href="/wiki/MAX_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAX (band)">MAX</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speed_(Japanese_band)" title="Speed (Japanese band)">Speed</a>. At first, while still a part of the Komuro Family, Amuro remained in the dance music genre, but she slowly changed her music style to <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">contemporary R&B</a> and ended her partnership with Tetsuya Komuro.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Komuro's band Globe became a <a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">trance</a> band after their 2001 album Outernet.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1997–1999:_Commercial_peak">1997–1999: Commercial peak</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 1997–1999: Commercial peak">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utada_Hikaru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Utada_Hikaru.jpg/225px-Utada_Hikaru.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Utada_Hikaru.jpg/338px-Utada_Hikaru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Utada_Hikaru.jpg/450px-Utada_Hikaru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a> debuted in 1998.</figcaption></figure> The sales in the Japanese music market continued to increase. In October 1997, <a href="/wiki/Glay" title="Glay">Glay</a> released their album <a href="/wiki/Review_(Glay_album)" title="Review (Glay album)">Review -The Best of Glay</a>, which sold 4.87 million copies, breaking Globe's earlier record.<a href="#cite_note-First_Love-109">[109]</a> However, it was surpassed in the next year by <a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/B%27z_The_Best_%22Pleasure%22" title="B'z The Best "Pleasure"">B'z The Best "Pleasure"</a>, which sold 5.12 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-First_Love-109">[109]</a> The Japanese market for physical music sales peaked in 1998, recording sales of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>607,000,000,000.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In March 1999, <a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a> released her first Japanese album, <a href="/wiki/First_Love_(Hikaru_Utada_album)" title="First Love (Hikaru Utada album)">First Love</a>, which sold 7.65 million copies, making it the best-selling album in <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> history.<a href="#cite_note-First_Love-109">[109]</a> The late 1990s saw the popularity of rock bands, such as <a href="/wiki/Glay" title="Glay">Glay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna_Sea" title="Luna Sea">Luna Sea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%27Arc-en-Ciel" title="L'Arc-en-Ciel">L'Arc-en-Ciel</a>, most of them related to the <a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">visual kei</a> movement, though they later changed their style. At the time, rock musicians in Japan were absorbing kayōkyoku music after the genre vanished.<a href="#cite_note-ctv-2">[2]</a> Glay became especially successful, with massive exposure in the media, comparable to that of the most popular pop singers produced by Tetsuya Komuro.<a href="#cite_note-Time_Magazine_Article-119">[119]</a> In July 1999, Glay played a concert to a record audience of 200,000 people at the <a href="/wiki/Makuhari_Messe" title="Makuhari Messe">Makuhari Messe</a>, certified by <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a> as the biggest solo concert in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In July 1999, L'Arc-en-Ciel released two albums, <a href="/wiki/Ark_(L%27Arc-en-Ciel_album)" title="Ark (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)">Arc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_(L%27Arc-en-Ciel_album)" title="Ray (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)">Ray</a>, at the same time; they sold over 3.02 million combined copies in the first week of release.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/X_Japan" title="X Japan">X Japan</a> announced their disbandment in September 1997 and their guitarist <a href="/wiki/Hide_(musician)" title="Hide (musician)">hide</a> died in May 1998. His funeral had a record attendance of 50,000 people, breaking the record of <a href="/wiki/Hibari_Misora" title="Hibari Misora">Hibari Misora</a>, whose funeral was attended by 42,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> After his death, his single "<a href="/wiki/Pink_Spider" title="Pink Spider">Pink Spider</a>" and album <a href="/wiki/Ja,_Zoo" title="Ja, Zoo">Ja, Zoo</a> were certified million-sellers by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan" title="Recording Industry Association of Japan">Recording Industry Association of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Associates" title="Johnny & Associates">Johnny & Associates</a> produced many all-male groups: <a href="/wiki/SMAP" title="SMAP">SMAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokio_(band)" title="Tokio (band)">Tokio</a>, <a href="/wiki/V6_(band)" title="V6 (band)">V6</a>, <a href="/wiki/KinKi_Kids" title="KinKi Kids">KinKi Kids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a>. SMAP hit the J-pop scene in a major way in the 1990s through a combination of TV "<a href="/wiki/Tarento" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarento">Tarento</a>" shows and singles, with one of its singers, <a href="/wiki/Takuya_Kimura" title="Takuya Kimura">Takuya Kimura</a>, becoming a popular actor commonly known as "Kimutaku" in later years. By the late 1990s, the girl group <a href="/wiki/Speed_(Japanese_band)" title="Speed (Japanese band)">Speed</a> was very popular; they announced their disbandment in 1999. The group returned to the music scene in 2008. Another all-female band, <a href="/wiki/Morning_Musume" title="Morning Musume">Morning Musume</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Tsunku" title="Tsunku">Tsunku</a>, former leader of band <a href="/wiki/Sharam_Q" title="Sharam Q">Sharam Q</a> became very popular, with a string of releases that were sales hits before even being released. The group's popularity gave origin to the <a href="/wiki/Hello!_Project" title="Hello! Project">Hello! Project</a>. Following the pattern set a decade before by the 1980s all-female <a href="/wiki/Onyanko_Club" title="Onyanko Club">Onyanko Club</a>, Morning Musume spawned several splinter bands. In the late 1990s and early 21st century, female singers such as <a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misia_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Misia (singer)">Misia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mai_Kuraki" title="Mai Kuraki">Mai Kuraki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Shiina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringo Shiina">Ringo Shiina</a> became chart-toppers who write their own songs or their own lyrics. Hikaru Utada is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Keiko_Fuji" title="Keiko Fuji">Keiko Fuji</a>, a popular singer of the 1970s. Ayumi Hamasaki was made Utada's contemporary rival, though both women claimed the "competition" was merely a creation of their record companies and the media.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zeebra" title="Zeebra">Zeebra</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> to Japanese mainstream music.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In 1999, Zeebra was featured by <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Ash" title="Dragon Ash">Dragon Ash</a> in their song titled "<a href="/wiki/Grateful_Days" title="Grateful Days">Grateful Days</a>", which topped the Oricon charts.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s:_Diversification">2000s: Diversification</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2000s: Diversification">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Ayumi_Hamasaki_in_London_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, February 2010</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avex_group">Avex group</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Avex group">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Avex_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Avex Group">Avex Group</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a> won Grand Prix awards for three consecutive years—the first time in <a href="/wiki/Japan_Record_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Record Award">Japan Record Award</a> history—between 2001 and 2003.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Although Hamasaki became very famous, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Yoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Yoda">Tom Yoda</a>, then-chairman of her record company <a href="/wiki/Avex_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Avex Group">Avex Group</a>, argued that her tactics were risky, because Avex disregarded the <a href="/wiki/Modern_portfolio_theory" title="Modern portfolio theory">modern portfolio theory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-biz-129">[129]</a> This concern disappeared when the company's other singers (such as <a href="/wiki/Ai_Otsuka" title="Ai Otsuka">Ai Otsuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumi_Koda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumi Koda">Kumi Koda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Exile_(Japanese_band)" title="Exile (Japanese band)">Exile</a>) also reached a certain level of popularity in the mid-2000s under Yoda's management policy.<a href="#cite_note-biz-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/BoA" title="BoA">BoA</a>, a Korean singer also a part of Avex group, also achieved high levels of success although being Korean in Japan. She opened the Hallyu door to other Korean artists so that they may achieve varying levels of success in Japan as well. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chaku-uta">Chaku-uta</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Chaku-uta">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/RIAJ_Digital_Track_Chart" title="RIAJ Digital Track Chart">RIAJ Digital Track Chart</a></div> In December 2002, the digital-download market for ringtone songs (着うた, chaku-uta) was created by mobile-phone company <a href="/wiki/Au_(mobile_phone_company)" title="Au (mobile phone company)">au</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The market for digital downloads grew rapidly, and <a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a>'s 2007 song "<a href="/wiki/Flavor_of_Life" title="Flavor of Life">Flavor of Life</a>" sold over 7 million downloaded copies.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In October 2007, <a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Japan" title="EMI Music Japan">EMI Music Japan</a> announced that Utada was the world's first artist to have 10 million digital sales in one year.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">International Federation of the Phonographic Industry</a>'s 2009 digital music report, <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Aoyama" title="Thelma Aoyama">Thelma Aoyama</a>'s digital single "<a href="/wiki/Soba_ni_Iru_ne" title="Soba ni Iru ne">Soba ni Iru ne</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Greeeen" title="Greeeen">Greeeen</a>'s digital single "<a href="/wiki/Kiseki_(Greeeen_song)" title="Kiseki (Greeeen song)">Kiseki</a>" sold 8.2 million copies and 6.2 million copies, respectively, in the 2008 download rankings.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_hip_hop_and_urban_pop">Japanese hip hop and urban pop</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Japanese hip hop and urban pop">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese hip hop">Japanese hip hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip pop">Hip pop</a></div> In the first decade of the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">contemporary R&B</a> influences in Japanese music started to gain attention in popular mainstream music. In November 2001, R&B duo <a href="/wiki/Chemistry_(band)" title="Chemistry (band)">Chemistry</a>'s debut album <a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Are_(Chemistry_album)" title="The Way We Are (Chemistry album)">The Way We Are</a> sold over 1.14 million copies in the first week, and debuted at the number-one position on the Oricon weekly album charts.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Hip hop bands such as <a href="/wiki/Rip_Slyme" title="Rip Slyme">Rip Slyme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ketsumeishi" title="Ketsumeishi">Ketsumeishi</a> were also at the top of the <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> charts. Rock band <a href="/wiki/Orange_Range" title="Orange Range">Orange Range</a> featured several elements of hip hop in their music.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Orange Range's album <a href="/wiki/MusiQ" title="MusiQ">musiQ</a> sold over 2.6 million copies, making it the number one album of 2005 on the Oricon charts. Pop/R&B singer <a href="/wiki/Ken_Hirai" title="Ken Hirai">Ken Hirai</a> topped the Oricon yearly album chart in 2006 with the release of his greatest hits album 10th Anniversary Complete Single Collection '95-'05 Utabaka, selling over 2 million copies. The pop/hip-hop duo, <a href="/wiki/Halcali" title="Halcali">Halcali</a>, have the honor of being the first Japanese female hip-hop artists to break the <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> top 10 charts. They have also performed overseas two times in 2008, once at the <a href="/wiki/Anime_Central" title="Anime Central">Anime Central</a> festival in Chicago, and once more at <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, NYC on Japan Day. <a href="/wiki/Exile_(Japanese_band)" title="Exile (Japanese band)">Exile</a>, the dance-vocal group under Avex's sublabel <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_Zone" title="Rhythm Zone">Rhythm Zone</a>, had several million-seller albums. Their album Exile Love topped the Oricon yearly album chart in 2008. Veteran rapper <a href="/wiki/Dohzi-T" title="Dohzi-T">Dohzi-T</a> collaborated with popular singers such as <a href="/wiki/Shota_Shimizu" title="Shota Shimizu">Shota Shimizu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiromi_Go" title="Hiromi Go">Hiromi Go</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miliyah_Kato" title="Miliyah Kato">Miliyah Kato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Aoyama" title="Thelma Aoyama">Thelma Aoyama</a> in his successful 2008 album <a href="/wiki/12_Love_Stories" title="12 Love Stories">12 Love Stories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Although there were only 132 new artists in Japan in 2001, according to the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_Japan" title="Recording Industry Association of Japan">Recording Industry Association of Japan</a>, the number increased to 512 in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In 2008, 14 new artists, such as Thelma Aoyama, attended the <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhaku_Uta_Gassen" title="Kōhaku Uta Gassen">Kōhaku Uta Gassen</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Popularity_of_live_performances_and_veteran_musicians">Popularity of live performances and veteran musicians</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Popularity of live performances and veteran musicians">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fuji_Rock_Festival" title="Fuji Rock Festival">Fuji Rock Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Summer_Sonic_Festival" title="Summer Sonic Festival">Summer Sonic Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_Rock_Festival" title="Rising Sun Rock Festival">Rising Sun Rock Festival</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Japan_Festival" title="Rock in Japan Festival">Rock in Japan Festival</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FujiGreenStage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/FujiGreenStage.jpg/220px-FujiGreenStage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/FujiGreenStage.jpg/330px-FujiGreenStage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/FujiGreenStage.jpg/440px-FujiGreenStage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Green Stage of the Fuji Rock Festival</figcaption></figure> Rock musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Mr._Children" title="Mr. Children">Mr. Children</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27Arc-en-Ciel" title="L'Arc-en-Ciel">L'Arc-en-Ciel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glay" title="Glay">Glay</a> still topped the charts in the first decade of the 21st century. Mr. Children's song "<a href="/wiki/Sign_(Mr._Children_song)" title="Sign (Mr. Children song)">Sign</a>" won the Grand Prix award at the <a href="/wiki/46th_Japan_Record_Awards" title="46th Japan Record Awards">46th Japan Record Awards</a> in 2004. When the group released their album <a href="/wiki/Home_(Mr._Children_album)" title="Home (Mr. Children album)">Home</a> in 2007, they passed 50 million albums and singles sold, making them the second-highest selling artist of all time in Japan since the origin of Oricon—just behind B'z, who held the number-one position with more than 75 million records sold until then.<a href="#cite_note-misuchiru-139">[139]</a> Home topped the 2007 Oricon yearly album charts. The sales of physical CDs declined, but audiences to see live performances increased.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eikichi_Yazawa" title="Eikichi Yazawa">Eikichi Yazawa</a> took part in <a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">rock festivals</a>, and, in 2007, he became the first artist to have performed 100 concerts at the <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Budokan" title="Nippon Budokan">Nippon Budokan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Other artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro" title="Namie Amuro">Namie Amuro</a>, also continued their long-running careers with successful releases in this period. Her live tour, <a href="/wiki/Namie_Amuro_Best_Fiction_tour_2008-2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Namie Amuro Best Fiction tour 2008-2009">Namie Amuro Best Fiction tour 2008-2009</a>, not only became the biggest live tour by a Japanese solo female artist—attended by 450,000 fans in Japan—but was also attended by 50,000 fans in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Kazumasa_Oda" title="Kazumasa Oda">Kazumasa Oda</a>'s 2005 album Sōkana topped the Oricon weekly album charts, his 2007 single "Kokoro" reached the weekly single charts, breaking <a href="/wiki/Yujiro_Ishihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yujiro Ishihara">Yujiro Ishihara</a>'s record and making him the then-oldest singer to top the single charts.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mariya_Takeuchi" title="Mariya Takeuchi">Mariya Takeuchi</a>'s greatest hits album Expressions topped the Oricon album chart in 2008, making her the oldest female singer with the longest active career to reach the number-one position.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Johnny_&_Associates">Johnny & Associates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Johnny & Associates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Associates" title="Johnny & Associates">Johnny & Associates</a> and <a href="/wiki/J_Storm" title="J Storm">J Storm</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Associates" title="Johnny & Associates">Johnny & Associates</a>'s all-male groups remained well-known. In 2001, <a href="/wiki/SMAP" title="SMAP">SMAP</a> released their greatest-hits album SMAP Vest, which sold over a million copies in the first week.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In November 2001, Johnny & Associates established the label <a href="/wiki/J_Storm" title="J Storm">J Storm</a> for their band <a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a>. SMAP's 2003 single "Sekai ni hitotsu dake no hana" sold more than two million copies, being the number-one single in the Oricon yearly single charts for that year. In 2007, Guinness World Records honored <a href="/wiki/KinKi_Kids" title="KinKi Kids">KinKi Kids</a> for holding a world record for the number of singles debuting at the number-one position since their debut: 25.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> SMAP was said to fight a lonely battle at the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhaku_Uta_Gassen" title="Kōhaku Uta Gassen">Kōhaku Uta Gassen</a>, as seen from the viewpoint of its audience share.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> In 2008, male musicians established a record of four consecutive wins at the Kōhaku Uta Gassen.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Arashi's greatest hits album <a href="/wiki/All_the_Best!_1999%E2%80%932009" title="All the Best! 1999–2009">All the Best! 1999–2009</a> topped the 2009 Oricon yearly album charts.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Johnny & Associates also produced new groups such as <a href="/wiki/Hey!_Say!_JUMP" title="Hey! Say! JUMP">Hey! Say! JUMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tackey_%26_Tsubasa" title="Tackey & Tsubasa">Tackey & Tsubasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/News_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="News (band)">NEWS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanjani_Eight" title="Kanjani Eight">Kanjani Eight</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KAT-TUN" title="KAT-TUN">KAT-TUN</a>. In 2006, KAT-TUN's debut single "<a href="/wiki/Real_Face" title="Real Face">Real Face</a>", written by <a href="/wiki/Shikao_Suga" title="Shikao Suga">Shikao Suga</a> and composed by <a href="/wiki/Tak_Matsumoto" title="Tak Matsumoto">Tak Matsumoto</a>, sold over one million copies and topped the Oricon Yearly Charts.<a href="#cite_note-2006oricon-151">[151]</a> In 2007, temporary <a href="/wiki/Johnny%27s_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny's Jr.">Johnny's Jr.</a> group <a href="/wiki/Hey!_Say!_JUMP" title="Hey! Say! JUMP">Hey! Say! 7</a> broke a record as the youngest male group to ever top Oricon charts, with an average age of 14.8 years. Later that year, <a href="/wiki/Hey!_Say!_JUMP" title="Hey! Say! JUMP">Hey! Say! JUMP</a> broke a record as the largest group to debut in <a href="/wiki/Johnny%27s_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny's Entertainment">Johnny's</a> history, with ten members. They also became the youngest group ever to perform in Tokyo Dome with the average age of 15.7 years old.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On the 2008 yearly singles charts, only one single ranked in the top 30 was sung by a female (Namie Amuro's single "<a href="/wiki/60s_70s_80s" title="60s 70s 80s">60s 70s 80s</a>") except gender-mixed groups, partly because the boy bands enjoyed an advantage in physical single sales.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In 2009, Johnny's Jr. artist <a href="/wiki/Yuma_Nakayama_w/B.I.Shadow" title="Yuma Nakayama w/B.I.Shadow">Yuma Nakayama w/B.I.Shadow</a> became the youngest artist to have their first single to debut at the number-one spot, as the band had an average age of 14.6 years, breaking the former record set by female group <a href="/wiki/Minimoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimoni">Minimoni</a>, 14.8 years.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cover_versions_and_classical_pop">Cover versions and classical pop</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cover versions and classical pop">edit</a>]</div> In February 2001, <a href="/wiki/Ulfuls" title="Ulfuls">Ulfuls</a> released their <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover version</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kyu_Sakamoto" title="Kyu Sakamoto">Kyu Sakamoto</a>'s 1963 song "<a href="/wiki/Ashita_Ga_Arusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashita Ga Arusa">Ashita Ga Arusa</a>". Their cover version debuted at the number-five position, behind Utada, Kinki Kids, Hamasaki and Hirai.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In March, <a href="/wiki/Yoshimoto_Kogyo" title="Yoshimoto Kogyo">Yoshimoto Kogyo</a>'s special band "Re: Japan" also released their cover version of "Ashita Ga Arusa". When Ulfuls's cover version of this song remained at number eight, Re: Japan's version topped the Oricon weekly single charts.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> In 2003, Man Arai released the single "Sen no Kaze ni Natte" ("As A Thousand Winds") based on the Western poem "<a href="/wiki/Do_not_stand_at_my_grave_and_weep" class="mw-redirect" title="Do not stand at my grave and weep">Do not stand at my grave and weep</a>". In Japan, the poem was known for <a href="/wiki/Rokusuke_Ei" title="Rokusuke Ei">Rokusuke Ei</a>'s reading at the funeral of Kyu Sakamoto in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Japanese tenor singer <a href="/wiki/Masafumi_Akikawa" title="Masafumi Akikawa">Masafumi Akikawa</a> covered the song in 2006. Akikawa's cover version of the song became the first <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> single to top the Oricon charts, and sold over one million copies.<a href="#cite_note-2007oricon-158">[158]</a> On the 2007 Oricon Yearly Charts, the single became the best-selling physical single, scoring a victory over Utada's "Flavor of Life".<a href="#cite_note-2007oricon-158">[158]</a> Oricon claimed that the song was not J-pop.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> On the other hand, sheet music from the <a href="/wiki/Zen-On_Music_Company_Ltd" title="Zen-On Music Company Ltd">Zen-On Music Company Ltd</a> classified the song as J-pop.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hideaki_Tokunaga" title="Hideaki Tokunaga">Hideaki Tokunaga</a> covered many female songs on his cover album series, Vocalist. He released Vocalist, Vocalist 2, Vocalist 3, Vocalist 4 and Vocalist Vintage (Vocalist 5) in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, and 2012 respectively. In August 2007, Vocalist 3 became Oricon weekly number-one cover album with 2 weeks (tied the record in Japan), and in May 2010, Vocalist 4 became the Japan first Oricon monthly number-one cover album.<a href="#cite_note-hideakitokunaga-161">[161]</a> In 2010, other singers also released cover albums of Japanese songs such as <a href="/wiki/Juju_(singer)" title="Juju (singer)">Juju</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Request_(Juju_album)" title="Request (Juju album)">Request</a> and Kumi Koda's <a href="/wiki/Eternity:_Love_%26_Songs" title="Eternity: Love & Songs">Eternity: Love & Songs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Superfly_(band)" title="Superfly (band)">Superfly</a> released a single that came with a cover album of Western rock songs, titled <a href="/wiki/Wildflower_%26_Cover_Songs:_Complete_Best_%27Track_3%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildflower & Cover Songs: Complete Best 'Track 3'">Wildflower & Cover Songs: Complete Best 'Track 3'</a>, ultimately becoming the band's third consecutive album to debut at number one on the Oricon weekly album charts.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Influence_from_neofolk_and_neo_Shibuya-kei">Influence from neofolk and neo Shibuya-kei</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Influence from neofolk and neo Shibuya-kei">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synthpop" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthpop">Synthpop</a></div> Folk duos, such as <a href="/wiki/19_(band)" title="19 (band)">19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuzu_(band)" title="Yuzu (band)">Yuzu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kobukuro" title="Kobukuro">Kobukuro</a>, became popular during the period.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Their music was called "neofolk". In October 2007, Kobukuro's double-album All Singles Best became the first male album to ship three million copies in the 21st century in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> In January 2008, their album <a href="/wiki/5296" title="5296">5296</a> beat out Ayumi Hamasaki's album <a href="/wiki/Guilty_(Ayumi_Hamasaki_album)" title="Guilty (Ayumi Hamasaki album)">Guilty</a> on the Oricon charts, though she previously had eight consecutive number-one studio albums.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Electronic music bands such as <a href="/wiki/Plus-Tech_Squeeze_Box" title="Plus-Tech Squeeze Box">Plus-Tech Squeeze Box</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(band)" title="Capsule (band)">Capsule</a> were called "<a href="/wiki/Neo_Shibuya-kei" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo Shibuya-kei">neo Shibuya-kei</a>". <a href="/wiki/Yasutaka_Nakata" title="Yasutaka Nakata">Yasutaka Nakata</a>, a member of Capsule, became the song producer for girl group <a href="/wiki/Perfume_(Japanese_band)" title="Perfume (Japanese band)">Perfume</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In April 2008, for the first time as a technopop band in 25 years since Yellow Magic Orchestra's 1983 album <a href="/wiki/Naughty_Boys_(album)" title="Naughty Boys (album)">Naughty Boys</a>, Perfume achieved a number-one album <a href="/wiki/Game_(Perfume_album)" title="Game (Perfume album)">Game</a> on the Oricon charts. In July 2008, their single "<a href="/wiki/Love_the_World" title="Love the World">Love the World</a>" debuted at number one, making it the first technopop song to reach number one in Oricon history.<a href="#cite_note-perfume-167">[167]</a> Other Japanese female technopop artists soon followed, including <a href="/wiki/Mitsuki_Aira" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsuki Aira">Aira Mitsuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immi" title="Immi">immi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masami_Mitsuoka" title="Masami Mitsuoka">Mizca</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAWA" class="mw-redirect" title="SAWA">SAWA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saori_at_destiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Saori at destiny">Saoriiiii</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Vacation" title="Sweet Vacation">Sweet Vacation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anime_music,_image_song_and_Vocaloid">Anime music, image song and Vocaloid</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Anime music, image song and Vocaloid">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_song" title="Image song">Image song</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vocaloid" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid</a></div> During the late 2000s and the early 2010s, the <a href="/wiki/Music_in_Japanese_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Music in Japanese animation">anime music industry</a>, such as voice actors and <a href="/wiki/Image_song" title="Image song">image songs</a>, added weight to Japanese music. Though anime music was formerly influenced by J-pop and visual kei music, Japanese indie music apparently influenced the genre at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/FanimeCon" title="FanimeCon">FanimeCon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In 2007, after <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a> voice actress <a href="/wiki/Saki_Fujita" title="Saki Fujita">Saki Fujita</a>'s voice to develop it, <a href="/wiki/Vocaloid" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid</a> <a href="/wiki/Hatsune_Miku" title="Hatsune Miku">Hatsune Miku</a> was released, and many songs featuring Hatsune Miku were shown on the <a href="/wiki/Nico_Nico_Douga" class="mw-redirect" title="Nico Nico Douga">Nico Nico Douga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Some of the musicians featuring Hatsune Miku, such as <a href="/wiki/Livetune" title="Livetune">Livetune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supercell_(band)" title="Supercell (band)">Supercell</a>, joined large record companies in Japan. Livetune released Re: Package on <a href="/wiki/Victor_Entertainment" title="Victor Entertainment">Victor Entertainment</a> on August 27, 2008,<a href="#cite_note-supercell3-171">[171]</a> and Supercell released <a href="/wiki/Supercell_(album)" title="Supercell (album)">Supercell</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music</a> on March 4, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-supercell1-172">[172]</a> The albums Re: Package and Supercell were not brought under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> system of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Society_for_Rights_of_Authors,_Composers_and_Publishers" title="Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers">Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers</a> (JASRAC), breaking the tradition that the musicians under the major labels affiliated with the system.<a href="#cite_note-supercell3-171">[171]</a> In June 2009, voice actress <a href="/wiki/Nana_Mizuki" title="Nana Mizuki">Nana Mizuki</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Diamond" title="Ultimate Diamond">Ultimate Diamond</a> became the first voice actor album to reach number one on the Oricon weekly charts.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The fictional all female band Hōka-go Tea Time, from the anime series <a href="/wiki/K-On!" title="K-On!">K-On!</a>, released the mini-album Hōka-go Tea Time on July 22, 2009. The mini-album debuted at number one on the Oricon weekly album charts, becoming the first album by anime characters to reach number one.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In May 2010, Exit Tunes Presents Vocalogenesis feat. Hatsune Miku became the first album featuring Vocaloids to reach number one on the Oricon weekly charts, replacing Hideaki Tokunaga's Vocalist 4, which had topped the charts for four consecutive weeks.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s:_Popularity_of_idol_groups">2010s: Popularity of idol groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 2010s: Popularity of idol groups">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ax10akb18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ax10akb18.jpg/220px-Ax10akb18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ax10akb18.jpg/330px-Ax10akb18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ax10akb18.jpg/440px-Ax10akb18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a> has occupied the top spot in the Oricon yearly single sales ranking every year since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></figcaption></figure> Since the end of the 2000s, more and more <a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol" title="Japanese idol">idol groups</a> have emerged. The high number of idol groups in the Japanese entertainment industry is sometimes called the "Warring Idols Period" (アイドル戦国時代, aidoru sengoku jidai), an allusion to the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku-jidai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sengoku-jidai">Sengoku-jidai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Some of the most successful groups during the 2010s include <a href="/wiki/Hey!_Say!_JUMP" title="Hey! Say! JUMP">Hey! Say! JUMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arashi" title="Arashi">Arashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanjani_Eight" title="Kanjani Eight">Kanjani Eight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morning_Musume" title="Morning Musume">Morning Musume</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Momoiro_Clover_Z" title="Momoiro Clover Z">Momoiro Clover Z</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyary_Pamyu_Pamyu" title="Kyary Pamyu Pamyu">Kyary Pamyu Pamyu</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Harajuku" title="Harajuku">Harajuku-based</a> fashion model, made her musical debut in 2011 and gained international popularity with her debut single "<a href="/wiki/Pon_Pon_Pon" title="Pon Pon Pon">Pon Pon Pon</a>", recognized by some Western celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> She is produced by Yasutaka Nakata, who also produces the group Perfume. She subsequently gained success through her songs "<a href="/wiki/Ninja_Re_Bang_Bang" title="Ninja Re Bang Bang">Ninja Re Bang Bang</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Fashion_Monster" title="Fashion Monster">Fashion Monster</a>". During 2014, about 486,000 people attended <a href="/wiki/Momoiro_Clover_Z" title="Momoiro Clover Z">Momoiro Clover Z</a>'s live concerts, which was the highest recorded concert attendance for any female musician in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> In 2019, AKB48 announced the postponement of its general election,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> and Arashi announced the group's hiatus.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s:_Global_popularity">2020s: Global popularity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 2020s: Global popularity">edit</a>]</div> Idol groups remained relevant in the 2020s. According to surveys in Japan for 2024, popular Japanese groups include <a href="/wiki/Me:I" title="Me:I">ME:I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_i" title="Number i">Number i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naniwa_Danshi" title="Naniwa Danshi">Naniwa Danshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_Man" title="Snow Man">Snow Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruits_Zipper" title="Fruits Zipper">Fruits Zipper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NiziU" title="NiziU">NiziU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-185">[185]</a> Popular solo singers and duets include <a href="/wiki/Yoasobi" title="Yoasobi">Yoasobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Green_Apple" title="Mrs. Green Apple">Mrs. Green Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creepy_Nuts" title="Creepy Nuts">Creepy Nuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ado_(singer)" title="Ado (singer)">Ado</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> J-pop has begun to appear in global charts, although it had not had such popularity before.<a href="#cite_note-:1-187">[187]</a> Yoasobi's song "<a href="/wiki/Idol_(Yoasobi_song)" title="Idol (Yoasobi song)">Idol</a>" became the first Japanese song to reach number one on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Global_200" title="Billboard Global 200">Billboard Global Excl. U.S.</a> chart,<a href="#cite_note-:1-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> as well as on the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">YouTube Music</a> charts.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artists">Artists</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Artists">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_J-pop_artists" title="List of J-pop artists">List of J-pop artists</a></div> Some Japanese pop artists are extremely popular in Japan, and some also have fanbases in other countries—especially in Asia, but also in Western countries. They influence not only music, but also fashion. As of 2016, the top five best-selling artists in the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a> charts history are <a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Children" title="Mr. Children">Mr. Children</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayumi_Hamasaki" title="Ayumi Hamasaki">Ayumi Hamasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_All_Stars" title="Southern All Stars">Southern All Stars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dreams_Come_True_(band)" title="Dreams Come True (band)">Dreams Come True</a>.<a href="#cite_note-misuchiru-139">[139]</a> Among the five, Hamasaki holds the record for being the only solo artist.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/32px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/48px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg/64px-Flowerpowerportfolio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="361" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:1960s" title="Portal:1960s">1960s portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/25px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/38px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/51px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/24px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/35px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/47px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Audio-input-microphone.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/28px-Audio-input-microphone.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/42px-Audio-input-microphone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Audio-input-microphone.png/56px-Audio-input-microphone.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pop_music" title="Portal:Pop music">Pop music portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_Japan" title="Cool Japan">Cool Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hardcore" title="Japanese hardcore">Japanese hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_ska" title="Japanese ska">Japanese ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry_of_East_Asia" title="Music industry of East Asia">Music industry of East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_acting_in_Japan" title="Voice acting in Japan">Voice acting in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">C-pop</a> (<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">T-pop</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indi-pop</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">P-pop</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Keizai, Kokusai & Zaidan, Kōryū (cont.) "Japan Spotlight: Economy, Culture & History, Volume 23". Page 24 (Ng Wai-ming: "The Rise of J-Pop in Asia and Its Impact"). Japan Economic Foundation & the University of California. 2004. Quote: "JAPANESE pop music is commonly I referred to as "J-pop", a term coined by <a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Komuro" title="Tetsuya Komuro">Komuro Tetsuya</a>, the "father of J-pop", in the early 1990s. The meaning of J-pop has never been clear. It was first limited to Euro-beat, the kind of dance music that Komuro produced. 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Retrieved 2009-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E9%AD%82%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%90%E6%99%B6%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%81&rft.pub=Barks&rft.date=2005-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barks.jp%2Ffeature%2F%3Fid%3D1000007631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026021702/http://www.universal-music.co.jp/greeeen/bio.html">"Greeeen"</a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">Universal Music Japan</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universal-music.co.jp/greeeen/bio.html">the original</a> on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20. <q>ロックやヒップホップ、ブレイクビーツも好きだけど、あくまでフィJポップです。たとえばヒップホップをやってる人って、"ヒップホカルチャーは"っていうところから入ったじゃないですか。僕らは別にそういうのでもないし、てすごい好きだということ。それを極めてる人にしては、お前ら何なんだ？ってるかもしれないけど、でもこれがカッと思うんだからしょうがない。いものはいです</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greeeen&rft.pub=Universal+Music+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universal-music.co.jp%2Fgreeeen%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHashimoto2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hashimoto, Shohei (2023-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://natalie.mu/music/column/528774">"「Gacha Pop」はJ-POPに代わる新ジャンルになるのか？"</a> [Will "Gacha pop" become a new genre that will replace J-pop?]. <a href="/wiki/Natalie_(website)" title="Natalie (website)">Natalie</a> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622001534/https://natalie.mu/music/column/528774">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natalie&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8CGacha+Pop%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AFJ-POP%E3%81%AB%E4%BB%A3%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B%E6%96%B0%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Hashimoto&rft.aufirst=Shohei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnatalie.mu%2Fmusic%2Fcolumn%2F528774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobersonSuzuki2003" class="citation book cs1">Roberson, James E.; Suzuki, Nobue (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menmasculinities00robe">Men and Masculinities in Contemporary Japan: dislocating the salaryman doxa</a>. Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese studies. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menmasculinities00robe/page/n96">78</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24446-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24446-6"><bdi>978-0-415-24446-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+and+Masculinities+in+Contemporary+Japan%3A+dislocating+the+salaryman+doxa&rft.place=London&rft.series=Nissan+Institute%2FRoutledge+Japanese+studies&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24446-6&rft.aulast=Roberson&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Nobue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenmasculinities00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yano33-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yano33_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yano33_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYano2003" class="citation book cs1">Yano, Christine Reiko (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tearsoflonging00chri/page/33">Tears of Longing: Nostalgia and the Nation in Japanese Popular Song</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University Asia Center</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tearsoflonging00chri/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01276-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01276-9"><bdi>978-0-674-01276-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tears+of+Longing%3A+Nostalgia+and+the+Nation+in+Japanese+Popular+Song&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01276-9&rft.aulast=Yano&rft.aufirst=Christine+Reiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftearsoflonging00chri%2Fpage%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mini248-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mini248_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mini248_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinichiello1998" class="citation book cs1">Minichiello, Sharon (1998). Japan's Competing Modernities: Issues in Culture and Democracy, 1900-1930. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2080-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2080-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-2080-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Competing+Modernities%3A+Issues+in+Culture+and+Democracy%2C+1900-1930&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2080-0&rft.aulast=Minichiello&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiyomaro_Kikuchi2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kiyomaro Kikuchi (2006-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615211214/http://www.news.janjan.jp/column/0609/0609131112/1.php"><bdi lang="ja">藤山一郎（ポピュラー）・増永丈夫（クラク）二刀流の復活</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JANJAN" title="JANJAN">JANJAN</a> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.janjan.jp/column/0609/0609131112/1.php">the original</a> on 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2009-02-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JANJAN&rft.atitle=%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E%EF%BC%88%E3%83%9D%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%89%E3%83%BB%E5%A2%97%E6%B0%B8%E4%B8%88%E5%A4%AB%EF%BC%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%EF%BC%89%E4%BA%8C%E5%88%80%E6%B5%81%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft.au=Kiyomaro+Kikuchi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.janjan.jp%2Fcolumn%2F0609%2F0609131112%2F1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiyomaro_Kikuchi2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kiyomaro Kikuchi (2006-04-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206173933/http://www.news.janjan.jp/column/0604/0604182584/1.php"><bdi lang="ja">酒は涙か溜息か―藤山一郎音楽学校停学事件</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JANJAN" title="JANJAN">JANJAN</a> (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.janjan.jp/column/0604/0604182584/1.php">the original</a> on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JANJAN&rft.atitle=%E9%85%92%E3%81%AF%E6%B6%99%E3%81%8B%E6%BA%9C%E6%81%AF%E3%81%8B%E2%80%95%E8%97%A4%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%81%9C%E5%AD%A6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.date=2006-04-20&rft.au=Kiyomaro+Kikuchi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.janjan.jp%2Fcolumn%2F0604%2F0604182584%2F1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2001" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, E. 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Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-2721-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-2721-X"><bdi>0-8223-2721-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Nippon%3A+Authenticating+Jazz+in+Japan&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8223-2721-X&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=E.+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxCFPL5svwhQC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryoichihattori-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ryoichihattori_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryoichihattori_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryoichihattori_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103215238/http://wwwz.fujitv.co.jp/events/art-net/clsc_01concert/330.html"><bdi lang="ja">服部良一生誕100周年ンサート</bdi></a> (in Japanese). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.aomori.aomori.jp/koho/shisei/shisei2005/english/04meiyo/meiyo01.html">the original</a> on February 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Citizens&rft.pub=Aomori+City&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.aomori.aomori.jp%2Fkoho%2Fshisei%2Fshisei2005%2Fenglish%2F04meiyo%2Fmeiyo01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jazzkissa-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jazzkissa_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jazzkissa_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolasky,_Michael_S.2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Molasky, Michael S. 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Retrieved 2008-11-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%BA%E5%96%AB%E8%8C%B6%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E7%95%B0%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E2%80%95%E2%80%95%2760-%2770%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AE%E8%8B%A5%E8%80%85%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%82%92%E6%AD%A9%E3%81%8F+%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%9E+page.3&rft.pub=Web+Chikuma&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Molasky%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chikumashobo.co.jp%2Fnew_chikuma%2Fmolasky%2F04_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207104003/http://www.nikkei.co.jp/weekend/news/sp20030308.html"><bdi lang="ja">日本のジャズ、高鳴る響き―ップス界にも新風</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Keizai_Shimbun" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihon Keizai Shimbun">Nihon Keizai Shimbun</a> (in Japanese). 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikkei.co.jp/weekend/news/sp20030308.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-07. Retrieved 2008-11-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nihon+Keizai+Shimbun&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%BA%E3%80%81%E9%AB%98%E9%B3%B4%E3%82%8B%E9%9F%BF%E3%81%8D%E2%80%95%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9%E7%95%8C%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82%E6%96%B0%E9%A2%A8&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkei.co.jp%2Fweekend%2Fnews%2Fsp20030308.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKikuchi,_Kiyomaro2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kikuchi, Kiyomaro (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080619165647/http://elekitel.jp/elekitel/special/2006/13/sp_02_d.htm"><bdi lang="ja">演歌、歌西洋音楽</bdi></a> [Enka, kayōkyoku and Western music] (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elekitel.jp/elekitel/special/2006/13/sp_02_d.htm">the original</a> on 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2009-08-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%BC%94%E6%AD%8C%E3%80%81%E6%AD%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD&rft.pub=Toshiba&rft.date=2006-11&rft.au=Kikuchi%2C+Kiyomaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felekitel.jp%2Felekitel%2Fspecial%2F2006%2F13%2Fsp_02_d.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroughton,_Simon._Ellingham,_Mark._Trillo,_Richard2000" class="citation book cs1">Broughton, Simon. Ellingham, Mark. Trillo, Richard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QzX8THIgRjUC&pg=PA49">World Music: The Rough Guide</a>. Rough Guides Publishing Company. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-636-0"><bdi>1-85828-636-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Music%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Rough+Guides+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85828-636-0&rft.au=Broughton%2C+Simon.+Ellingham%2C+Mark.+Trillo%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQzX8THIgRjUC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Wordie-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Wordie_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWordie2002" class="citation book cs1">Wordie, Jason (2002). 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Hong Kong: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_University_Press" title="Hong Kong University Press">Hong Kong University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-209-563-1" title="Special:BookSources/962-209-563-1"><bdi>962-209-563-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Streets%3A+Exploring+Hong+Kong+Island&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=962-209-563-1&rft.aulast=Wordie&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Martin, Ian, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20110526im.html">'Golden age' of kayoukyoku holds lessons for modern J-pop</a>", <a href="/wiki/Japan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Times">Japan Times</a>, 26 May 2011, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20080221r1.html">"Showa 33: the year Japan got all shook up"</a>. The Japan Times. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2009-03-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Showa+33%3A+the+year+Japan+got+all+shook+up&rft.date=2008-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Ffm20080221r1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-showahibari-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-showahibari_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-showahibari_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/cfc-co/showahibari/bk/bk_spe050428b.html"><bdi lang="ja">ジャパンポップスの黄金時代</bdi></a> [Japan pops' golden age] (in Japanese). Columbia Music Entertainment. 2005-04-28. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://showa.mainichi.jp/news/1958/02/post-e41c.html">the original</a> on 2010-09-04. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emimusic.jp/st/hiccho/series2/toct25161.htm">the original</a> on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-01-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B9%9D%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%8C&rft.pub=EMI+Music+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emimusic.jp%2Fst%2Fhiccho%2Fseries2%2Ftoct25161.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NippopSAKAMOTO-37"><a href="#cite_ref-NippopSAKAMOTO_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529171140/http://nippop.com/artist/artist_id-117/artist_name-kyu_sakamoto/">"Kyu Sakamoto"</a>. nippop.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nippop.com/artist/artist_id-117/artist_name-kyu_sakamoto/">the original</a> on 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2008-06-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyu+Sakamoto&rft.pub=nippop.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnippop.com%2Fartist%2Fartist_id-117%2Fartist_name-kyu_sakamoto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090106141054/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/j-pop_will_eat_itself/j-pop-before-j-pop.htm">"J-Pop Before J-Pop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a>. 2006-06-08. 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Retrieved 2009-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stylus+Magazine&rft.atitle=J-Pop+Before+J-Pop&rft.date=2006-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stylusmagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fj-pop_will_eat_itself%2Fj-pop-before-j-pop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trendy.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/col/20060522/116774/"><bdi lang="ja">懐かしの名曲を探せ！（第31回）～ザ・ピーナ恋のバカンス」の巻</bdi></a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Nikkei_Business_Publications" title="Nikkei Business Publications">Nikkei Business Publications</a>. 2006-05-26. 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Victor family club. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victor-f-c.com/product/detail.php?sgno=0&mgno=1&ino=1955">the original</a> on 2008-12-07. Retrieved 2008-11-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B6%2760s+%E3%83%9D%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89&rft.pub=Victor+family+club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victor-f-c.com%2Fproduct%2Fdetail.php%3Fsgno%3D0%26mgno%3D1%26ino%3D1955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arai-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arai_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arai_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arai_41-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206172939/http://www.nikkansports.com/jinji/2000/seikyo000210.html"><bdi lang="ja">荒井注さん全のため死去</bdi></a> [Mr. Chu Arai has died from hepatic failure]. Nikkan Sports (in Japanese). 2000. 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Retrieved 2009-07-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Hide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fp372997%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040805170050/http://www.nikkansports.com/ns/entertainment/p-et-tp0-040708-0015.html"><bdi lang="ja">ＴＯＫＩＯがジャニーズ名曲アルバム発売</bdi></a>. Nikkan Sports (in Japanese). 2004-07-08. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikkansports.com/ns/entertainment/p-et-tp0-040708-0015.html">the original</a> on 2004-08-05. 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Nishinippon Shimbun. 2006-12-13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nishinippon.co.jp/nnp/culture/kayou/20061213/20061213_001.shtml">the original</a> on 2009-02-06. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nvc.nikkeibp.co.jp/column/news/20070806_000364.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-28. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emigroup.com/Press/2007/press117.htm">the original</a> on December 24, 2008. Retrieved 2009-01-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMI+Music+Japan+launches+its+official+mobile+download+site+%22MOBAEMI%22+on+three+mobile+carriers+on+3rd+December&rft.pub=EMI&rft.date=2007-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emigroup.com%2FPress%2F2007%2Fpress117.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207005927/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/economy/it/071004/its0710040215000-n1.htm"><bdi lang="ja">宇多田ヒカル世界初の快挙！年間配信数が１０００万件突破</bdi></a> [Utada Hikaru became the world's first musician! To break through 10 million download sales for a year] (in Japanese). Sankei Shimbun. 2007-10-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sankei.jp.msn.com/economy/it/071004/its0710040215000-n1.htm">the original</a> on 2009-02-07. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanspo.com/geino/top/gt200307/gt2003072407.html">the original</a> on 2003-10-03. 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Retrieved 16 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nihon+Keizai+Shimbun&rft.atitle=AKB48%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%82%82%E3%82%82%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%81%8C%E4%B8%8A+%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E5%8B%95%E5%93%A1%E5%8A%9B2014&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkei.com%2Farticle%2FDGXMZO79804640X11C14A1000000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jshowbiz.com/english/news/akb48/item/4980-akb48-election-2019.html">"AKB48 NOT to Hold Election this Year"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKB48+NOT+to+Hold+Election+this+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjshowbiz.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fakb48%2Fitem%2F4980-akb48-election-2019.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2019/01/27/entertainment-news/arashi-suspend-activities-end-2020/#.XbFSMugzbIU">"Popular boy band Arashi's decision to take a break at end of 2020 shocks fans in Japan and overseas"</a>. 2019-01-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popular+boy+band+Arashi%27s+decision+to+take+a+break+at+end+of+2020+shocks+fans+in+Japan+and+overseas&rft.date=2019-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fculture%2F2019%2F01%2F27%2Fentertainment-news%2Farashi-suspend-activities-end-2020%2F%23.XbFSMugzbIU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-185"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/4293676">"ME:I・高橋文哉・"猫ミーム"…Z世代が選ぶ2024年上半期トレンドランキング発表 - モデルプレス"</a>. モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース (in Japanese). 2024-06-03. 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The Japan Times. Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=J-pop%27s+global+ambitions+came+closer+to+reality+in+2023&rft.date=2023-12-08&rft.aulast=Michel&rft.aufirst=Patrick+St&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fculture%2F2023%2F12%2F08%2Fmusic%2Fyoasobi-idol-imase-xg-atarashii-gakko%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrust2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Trust, Gary (2023-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/yoasobi-idol-tops-billboard-global-excl-us-chart-1235346245/">"YOASOBI's 'Idol' Surges to No. 1 on Billboard Global Excl. U.S. Chart"</a>. Billboard. 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Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.crunchyroll.com&rft.atitle=YOASOBI%27s+Oshi+no+Ko+Anime+Theme+Song+%27Idol%27+Tops+Apple%27s+Global+Music+Charts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crunchyroll.com%2Fnews%2Flatest%2F2023%2F6%2F21%2Fyoasobi-s-oshi-no-ko-anime-theme-song-idol-tops-apple-s-global-music-charts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASR7D6KB7R7DUCVL03P.html?iref=ogimage_rek">"YOASOBI「アイドル」世界1位 YouTube楽曲ランキング：朝日新聞デジタル"</a>. 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2024-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB&rft.atitle=YOASOBI%E3%80%8C%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C1%E4%BD%8D+YouTube%E6%A5%BD%E6%9B%B2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB&rft.date=2023-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Farticles%2FASR7D6KB7R7DUCVL03P.html%3Firef%3Dogimage_rek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tokyohive.com/2012/08/total-sales-for-hamasaki-ayumis-singles-albums-reach-50-million-mark/">"Total sales for Hamasaki Ayumi's singles & albums reach 50 million mark - tokyohive.com"</a>. www.tokyohive.com. Retrieved 25 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tokyohive.com&rft.atitle=Total+sales+for+Hamasaki+Ayumi%27s+singles+%26+albums+reach+50+million+mark+-+tokyohive.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokyohive.com%2F2012%2F08%2Ftotal-sales-for-hamasaki-ayumis-singles-albums-reach-50-million-mark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2002" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Sandra (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14344-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14344-8"><bdi>978-0-415-14344-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Japanese+Culture&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14344-8&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2001" class="citation book cs1">Atkins, E. Taylor (2001). Blue Nippon: Authenticating Jazz in Japan. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2721-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2721-9"><bdi>978-0-8223-2721-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Nippon%3A+Authenticating+Jazz+in+Japan&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2721-9&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=E.+Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinichiello1998" class="citation book cs1">Minichiello, Sharon (1998). Japan's Competing Modernities: Issues in Culture and Democracy, 1900-1930. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2080-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2080-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-2080-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Competing+Modernities%3A+Issues+in+Culture+and+Democracy%2C+1900-1930&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2080-0&rft.aulast=Minichiello&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYano2003" class="citation book cs1">Yano, Christine Reiko (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tearsoflonging00chri">Tears of Longing: Nostalgia and the Nation in Japanese Popular Song</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University Asia Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01276-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01276-9"><bdi>978-0-674-01276-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tears+of+Longing%3A+Nostalgia+and+the+Nation+in+Japanese+Popular+Song&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01276-9&rft.aulast=Yano&rft.aufirst=Christine+Reiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftearsoflonging00chri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ-pop" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaj.or.jp/e/?requestLocale=en">Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ)</a> (in English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911234742/http://www.sky.fm/jpop/">J-Pop at SKY.FM</a> - A free J-Pop radio channel</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.zzounds.com/2015/10/21/musical-almanac-japans-city-pop/">A concise history of Japan's City-Pop</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wmg.jp/mariya/">Warner Music Japan | Mariya Takeuchi</a> (in Japanese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pop_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pop_music" title="Template:Pop music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pop_music" title="Template talk:Pop music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pop_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pop music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pop_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stylistic origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Styles_of_pop_music" title="Styles of pop music">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">Adult contemporary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_adult_contemporary" title="Rhythmic adult contemporary">Rhythmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_adult_contemporary" title="Urban adult contemporary">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative pop">Alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Underground" title="Paisley Underground">Paisley Underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Avant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_music" title="Beach music">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building_(genre)" title="Brill Building (genre)">Brill Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_music" title="Bubblegum music">Bubblegum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cringe_pop" title="Cringe pop">Cringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">Dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk-pop" title="Folk-pop">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_pop" title="Indie pop">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_sound" title="Dunedin sound">Dunedin sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twee_pop" title="Twee pop">Twee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatic_pop" title="Operatic pop">Operatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_pop" title="Orchestral pop">Orchestral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rap" title="Pop rap">Pop rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_metal" title="Pop metal">Pop metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_pop" title="Psychedelic pop">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_pop" title="Sunshine pop">Sunshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_pop" title="Teen pop">Teen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_popular_music" title="African popular music">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina#Popular_music" title="Music of Argentina">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Brazilian (MPB)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">Choro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Tropipop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_pop" title="Arabic pop">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabiz_(music_genre)" title="Rabiz (music genre)">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_pop_music" title="Azerbaijani pop music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-pop" title="C-pop">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantopop" title="Cantopop">Cantopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_popular_music" title="Hakka popular music">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_pop" title="Hokkien pop">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandopop" title="Mandopop">Mandopop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyao" title="Xinyao">Xinyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongguo_feng_(music)" title="Zhongguo feng (music)">Zhongguo feng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinoiserie music">Chinoiserie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_English_pop" title="Hong Kong English pop">Hong Kong English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmi" title="Filmi">Filmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva_pop" title="Hindutva pop">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo_pop" title="Indo pop">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-pop" title="Q-pop">Kazakhstani</a></li> <li>Korean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Korea#Pop_music" title="Music of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_pop" title="Lao pop">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian pop">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani pop music">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_pop_music" title="Thai pop music">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-pop" title="V-pop">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austropop" title="Austropop">Austropop</a></li> <li>Balkan pop-folk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">Chalga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%AFko" title="Laïko">Laïko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallava" title="Tallava">Tallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_pop_music" title="British pop music">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederpop" title="Nederpop">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europop" title="Europop">Europop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Mandopop" title="French Mandopop">French Mandopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">Yé-yé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_pop" title="Hungarian pop">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_popular_music#Rock_and_pop" title="Italian popular music">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Pop_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Calgija" title="Čalgija">Čalgija</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_popular%C4%83" title="Muzică populară">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manele" title="Manele">Manele</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_pop" title="Russian pop">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlager_music" title="Schlager music">Schlager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_pop" title="Serbian pop">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_popular_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish popular music">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish pop music">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular music in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Soviet_Union#Popular_music" title="Music of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIA_music" class="mw-redirect" title="VIA music">VIA music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_in_Ukraine" title="Pop music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_soxer_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby soxer (music)">Bobby soxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasaeng_fan" title="Sasaeng fan">Sasaeng fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">Teenybopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_idol#Fan_culture" title="Japanese idol">Wota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_nicknames_in_popular_music" title="Honorific nicknames in popular music">Honorific nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_fashion" title="Music and fashion">Music and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music_automation" title="Pop music automation">Pop music automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_pedagogy" title="Popular music pedagogy">Popular music pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_manager" title="Talent manager">Talent manager</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_idol" title="Teen idol">Teen idol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boy_band" title="Boy band">Boy band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_group" title="Girl group">Girl group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_band" title="Virtual band">Virtual band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldbeat" title="Worldbeat">Worldbeat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_Japan" title="Template:Music of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Music of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>"<a href="/wiki/Kimigayo" title="Kimigayo">Kimigayo</a>" (National anthem)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music" title="Traditional Japanese music">Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Japanese musical instruments">Instruments</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Genres_and_styles" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres and styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugaku" title="Bugaku">Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_(music)" title="Bushi (music)">Bushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainichido_Bugaku" title="Dainichido Bugaku">Dainichido Bugaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danmono" title="Danmono">Danmono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagaku" title="Gagaku">Gagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigaku" title="Gigaku">Gigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Druri_(music)" title="Jōruri (music)">Jōruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouta_(music)" title="Kouta (music)">Kouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%27y%C5%8D" title="Min'yō">Min'yō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagauta" title="Nagauta">Nagauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Rōkyoku">Rōkyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saimon_Ondo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saimon Ondo (page does not exist)">Saimon Ondo</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E6%96%87%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:祭文音頭">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullaby#Asia-Pacific" title="Lullaby">Komori-uta (lullaby)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warabe_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warabe Uta (page does not exist)">Warabe Uta</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:童歌">ja</a>] <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazoe_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazoe Uta (page does not exist)">Kazoe Uta</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E3%81%88%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:数え歌">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekaki_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekaki Uta (page does not exist)">Ekaki Uta</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B5%E6%8F%8F%E3%81%8D%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:絵描き歌">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temari_Uta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temari Uta (page does not exist)">Temari Uta</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%9E%A0%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:手鞠歌">ja</a>]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(1868–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_commercial_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese commercial song (page does not exist)">Commercial song</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0#日本における歴史" class="extiw" title="ja:コマーシャルソング">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gakus%C4%93ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gakusēka (page does not exist)">Gakusēka (student song)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:学生歌">ja</a>] <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_school_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese school song (page does not exist)">Kōka (school song)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:校歌">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ry%C5%8Dka_(song)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryōka (song) (page does not exist)">Ryōka (dormitory song)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%AE%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:寮歌">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daigaku-%C5%8Denka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daigaku-ōenka (page does not exist)">Daigaku-Ōenka (cheering song of university)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BF%9C%E6%8F%B4%E6%AD%8C#大学" class="extiw" title="ja:応援歌">ja</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enka" title="Enka">Enzetsuka/Enka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunka" title="Gunka">Gunka (military song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay%C5%8Dkyoku" title="Kayōkyoku">Kayōkyoku</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senji-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senji-kayō (page does not exist)">Senji-kayō</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E6%99%82%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:戦時歌謡">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunkoku-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunkoku-kayō (page does not exist)">Gunkoku-kayō</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:軍国歌謡">ja</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_calisthenics" title="Radio calisthenics">Radio calisthenics song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABk%C5%8Dka" title="Ryūkōka">Ryūkōka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shich%C5%8Dsonka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shichōsonka (page does not exist)">Shichōsonka (municipality song)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:市町村歌">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sh%C5%8Dka_(subject)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shōka (subject) (page does not exist)">Shōka</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C_(%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91)" class="extiw" title="ja:唱歌 (教科)">ja</a>] <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansh%C5%AB-Sh%C5%8Dka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manshū-Shōka (page does not exist)">Manshū-Shōka</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%94%B1%E6%AD%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:満州唱歌">ja</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shin-min%27y%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shin-min'yō (page does not exist)">Shin-min'yō</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B0%91%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:新民謡">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-War<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> (1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kayōkyoku <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mood-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mood-kayō (page does not exist)">Mood-kayō</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:ムード歌謡">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idol-kay%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idol-kayō (page does not exist)">Idol-kayō</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:アイドル歌謡">ja</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Sounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Sounds">Group Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_song" title="Image song">Image song</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_song" title="Anime song">Anime song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">City pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_song" title="Denpa song">Denpa song</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_disco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese disco (page does not exist)">Disco</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3#日本のディスコ" class="extiw" title="ja:ディスコ">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_disco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japanese disco (page does not exist)">Disco</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3#日本のディスコ" class="extiw" title="ja:ディスコ">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hardcore" title="Japanese hardcore">Hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_metal" title="Japanese metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanoise" title="Japanoise">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nu-music_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nu-music (Japan) (page does not exist)">Nu-music</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:ニューミュージック">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_song#Japan" title="Fight song">Ōenka (cheering song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_reggae" title="Japanese reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_ska" title="Japanese ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_Disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo Disco">Italo Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo House">Italo House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_techno" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore techno">Juliana’s techno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitpop" title="Bitpop">Bitpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)#Japanese_grime" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Being_craze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Being craze (page does not exist)">Being-kei</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:ビーイングブーム">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-core" title="J-core">J-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlabels_in_Japan" title="Netlabels in Japan">Japanese net label scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_metal" title="Kawaii metal">Kawaii metal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komuro_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komuro family (page does not exist)">Komuro-kei</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AE%A4%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:小室ファミリー">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyokei" title="Onkyokei">Onkyokei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya-kei" title="Shibuya-kei">Shibuya-kei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akishibu-kei" title="Akishibu-kei">Akishibu-kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utaite" title="Utaite">Utaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroguro#In_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Eroguro">Eroguro kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_kei" title="Nagoya kei">Nagoya kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid#Music" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Ainu music">Ainu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rekuhkara" title="Rekuhkara">Rekuhkara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_music" title="Ryukyuan music">Southern Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Singles Chart">Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Combined_Singles_Chart" title="Oricon Combined Singles Chart">Combined Singles Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Albums Chart">Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Combined_Albums_Chart" title="Oricon Combined Albums Chart">Combined Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon_Karaoke_Chart" title="Oricon Karaoke Chart">Karaoke Chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan" title="Billboard Japan">Billboard Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_100" title="Billboard Japan Hot 100">Hot 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billboard_Japan_Hot_Albums" title="Billboard Japan Hot Albums">Hot Albums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RIAJ_Digital_Track_Chart" title="RIAJ Digital Track Chart">RIAJ Digital Track Chart</a> (discontinued)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achievements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling music artists in Japan">List of best-selling music artists in Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_Western_artists_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of best-selling Western artists in Japan">List of best-selling Western artists in Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling albums in Japan">List of best-selling albums in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_singles_in_Japan" title="List of best-selling singles in Japan">List of best-selling singles in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese record labels">Record companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Big 10" <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>(as of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J-pop&action=edit">[update]</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avex_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Avex Group">Avex Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Music_Japan" title="Universal Music Japan">Universal Music Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Records_(Japan)" title="King Records (Japan)">King Record Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Storm" title="J Storm">J Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood_Victor_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="JVCKenwood Victor Entertainment">Victor Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Being_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Being Inc.">Being Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Music_Group" title="Warner Music Group">Warner Music Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Canyon" title="Pony Canyon">Pony Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teichiku_Records" title="Teichiku Records">Teichiku Entertainment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese record labels">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_independent_record_labels" title="Category:Japanese independent record labels">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musical_artists_from_Japan" title="List of musical artists from Japan">List of musical artists from Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_musical_groups" title="List of Japanese musical groups">List of Japanese musical groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_J-pop_artists" title="List of J-pop artists">List of J-pop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_composers" title="List of Japanese composers">List of Japanese composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_hip_hop_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese hip hop musicians">List of Japanese hip hop musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_singers" title="List of Japanese singers">List of Japanese singers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Japanese_music" title="Timeline of Japanese music">Timeline and years</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Japanese_music" title="1979 in Japanese music">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Japanese_music" title="1980 in Japanese music">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Japanese_music" title="1981 in Japanese music">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Japanese_music" title="1982 in Japanese music">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Japanese_music" title="1983 in Japanese music">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Japanese_music" title="1984 in Japanese music">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Japanese_music" title="2007 in Japanese music">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Japanese_music" title="2008 in Japanese music">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Japanese_music" title="2009 in Japanese music">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Japanese_music" title="2010 in Japanese music">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Japanese_music" title="2011 in Japanese music">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Japanese_music" title="2012 in Japanese music">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Japanese_music" title="2013 in Japanese music">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Japanese_music" title="2014 in Japanese music">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Japanese_music" title="2015 in Japanese music">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Japanese_music" title="2016 in Japanese music">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Japanese_music" title="2017 in Japanese music">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Japanese_music" title="2018 in Japanese music">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Japanese_music" title="2019 in Japanese music">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Japanese_music" title="2020 in Japanese music">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Japanese_music" title="2021 in Japanese music">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Japanese_music" title="2022 in Japanese music">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Japanese_music" title="2023 in Japanese music">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online distributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Music" title="Google Play Music">Google Play Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Amazon Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKBox" title="KKBox">KKBox</a> (the successor of <a href="/wiki/LISMO" title="LISMO">LISMO</a> Unlimited)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RecoChoku" class="mw-redirect" title="RecoChoku">RecoChoku</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%AF" class="extiw" title="ja:レコチョク">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music.jp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music.jp (page does not exist)">Music.jp</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/music.jp" class="extiw" title="ja:music.jp">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_(music_store)" title="Mora (music store)">Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwango_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwango (company)">Dwango.jp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">E-Onkyo music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oricon" title="Oricon">Oricon Music Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Music" title="Line Music">Line Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamaha_Music_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamaha Music Media (page does not exist)">MySound</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" class="extiw" title="ja:ヤマハミュージックメディア">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OTOTOY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OTOTOY (page does not exist)">OTOTOY</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoy" class="extiw" title="ja:Ototoy">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AWA_(streaming_service)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AWA (streaming service) (page does not exist)">AWA</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWA_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD%E9%85%8D%E4%BF%A1)" class="extiw" title="ja:AWA (音楽配信)">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_Music_Award_Shows" title="Template:Japanese Music Award Shows">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_music" title="Shinto music">Shinto music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min-On_Concert_Association" title="Min-On Concert Association">Min-On Concert Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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