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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879475">.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:2px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1230750088">.mw-parser-output .talkheader{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-body{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help{flex:2 1 auto;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:var(--background-color-base,#ffffff);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies+.talkheader-policies{border-left:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{flex:0 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts>*{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help ul,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies ul{margin:0.1em 0.8em 0 1.6em;text-align:left}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .talkheader{min-width:80%}}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice talkheader plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="border-collapse: separate;"><tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">talk page</a> for discussing improvements to the <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> article.<br/> This is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#FORUM" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">not a forum</a> for general discussion of the article's subject.</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>Put new text under old text. <strong><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection/Talk:JavaScript" title="Special:NewSection/Talk:JavaScript">Click here to start a new topic.</a></strong></li> <li>New to Wikipedia? Welcome! <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Learn to edit</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Questions" title="Wikipedia:Questions">get help</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="talkheader-policies"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Be polite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">avoid personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Be welcoming to newcomers</a></li> <li>Seek <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution_requests" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution requests">dispute resolution</a> if needed</li></ul> </div><div class="talkheader-policies"> <div><b>Article policies</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22JavaScript%22">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22JavaScript%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22JavaScript%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22JavaScript%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&tbs=sur:fmc&tbm=isch&q=%22JavaScript%22+-site:wikipedia.org+-site:wikimedia.org">free images</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/custom?hl=en&cx=007734830908295939403%3Agalkqgoksq0&cof=FORID%3A13%3BAH%3Aleft%3BCX%3AWikipedia%2520Reference%2520Search&q=%22JavaScript%22">WP refs</a>) <b>·</b> <span title="Free English newspaper sources" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources">FENS</a></span> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22JavaScript%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> <b>·</b> <span title="The Wikipedia Library" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=%22JavaScript%22">TWL</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archives</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Talk:JavaScript/Archive_1" title="Talk:JavaScript/Archive 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:JavaScript/Archive_2" title="Talk:JavaScript/Archive 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:JavaScript/Archive_3" title="Talk:JavaScript/Archive 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:JavaScript/Archive_4" title="Talk:JavaScript/Archive 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:JavaScript/Archive_5" title="Talk:JavaScript/Archive 5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk:JavaScript/Archive_6" title="Talk:JavaScript/Archive 6">6</a></td> </tr><tr><td style="border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0;"><div> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="50" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" 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.banner-shell-inner{background-color:#2e2505}}</style><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LampFlowchart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/18px-LampFlowchart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/28px-LampFlowchart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/37px-LampFlowchart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="442"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science">Computer science</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LampFlowchart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/80px-LampFlowchart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/120px-LampFlowchart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/160px-LampFlowchart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="442"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science">WikiProject Computer science</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a> related articles on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Computer science">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Computer science</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Computer science</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Computer science articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Computer_science_articles" title="Category:High-importance Computer science articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:transparent;width:100%"><tbody><tr><th style="text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0">Things you can help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science">WikiProject Computer science</a> with:</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;padding:5px;background-color:white;border:1px solid #c0c090;margin-top:5px"> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span><br/><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Applied_arts_and_sciences/Computer_science,_computing,_and_Internet" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Applied arts and sciences/Computer science, computing, and Internet">Requested articles/Applied arts and sciences/Computer science, computing, and Internet</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:Computer science articles needing attention">Computer science articles needing attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_articles_needing_expert_attention" title="Category:Computer science articles needing expert attention">Computer science articles needing expert attention</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">Computing</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infobox</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_articles_without_infoboxes" title="Category:Computer science articles without infoboxes">Computer science articles without infoboxes</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintain</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_2020%E2%80%93present" title="Timeline of computing 2020–present">Timeline of computing 2020–present</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li>Find pictures for the biographies of computer scientists (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_scientists" title="List of computer scientists">List of computer scientists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computing_articles_needing_images" title="Category:Computing articles needing images">Computing articles needing images</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_stubs" title="Category:Computer science stubs">Computer science stubs</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Unreferenced</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science/Unreferenced_BLPs" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science/Unreferenced BLPs">WikiProject Computer science/Unreferenced BLPs</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i>Project-related</i> :</b> <div> <ul><li>Tag all relevant articles in <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science" title="Category:Computer science">Category:Computer science</a> and sub-categories with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Template:WikiProject Computer science">WikiProject Computer science</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_kcontrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crystal_kcontrol.svg/25px-Crystal_kcontrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crystal_kcontrol.svg/38px-Crystal_kcontrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crystal_kcontrol.svg/50px-Crystal_kcontrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing">Computing</a><span class="wpb-nested-task-force">: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Software" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Software">Software</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Websites" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Websites">Websites</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science">CompSci</a></span> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_kcontrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crystal_kcontrol.svg/70px-Crystal_kcontrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crystal_kcontrol.svg/105px-Crystal_kcontrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crystal_kcontrol.svg/140px-Crystal_kcontrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computing" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing">WikiProject Computing</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Computing" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Computing">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Computing</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Computing</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Computing articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Computing_articles" title="Category:High-importance Computing articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computing/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:System-installer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/System-installer.svg/25px-System-installer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/System-installer.svg/38px-System-installer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/System-installer.svg/50px-System-installer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Software" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Software">WikiProject Software</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_software_articles" title="Category:High-importance software articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-mime-text-html.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Gnome-mime-text-html.svg/25px-Gnome-mime-text-html.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Gnome-mime-text-html.svg/38px-Gnome-mime-text-html.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Gnome-mime-text-html.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-text-html.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Websites" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Websites">WikiProject Websites</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Websites_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Websites articles">Top-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LampFlowchart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Taskforce icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/18px-LampFlowchart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/28px-LampFlowchart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/LampFlowchart.svg/37px-LampFlowchart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="442"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article is supported by <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science">WikiProject Computer science</a></b> (assessed as <a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Computer_science_articles" title="Category:High-importance Computer science articles">High-importance</a>).</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background:transparent;width:100%"><tbody><tr><th style="text-align:left;padding:0.2em 2px 0.2em 0">Things you can help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science">WikiProject Computer science</a> with:</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left;padding:5px;background-color:white;border:1px solid #c0c090;margin-top:5px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist plainlinks" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Computer_science%2Fto_do&action=edit">edit</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Computer_science%2Fto_do&action=history">history</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Computer_science%2Fto_do&action=watch">watch</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AWikiProject_Computer_science%2Fto_do&action=purge">purge</a></li></ul> </div> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span><br/><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Applied_arts_and_sciences/Computer_science,_computing,_and_Internet" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles/Applied arts and sciences/Computer science, computing, and Internet">Requested articles/Applied arts and sciences/Computer science, computing, and Internet</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:Computer science articles needing attention">Computer science articles needing attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_articles_needing_expert_attention" title="Category:Computer science articles needing expert attention">Computer science articles needing expert attention</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">Computing</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infobox</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_articles_without_infoboxes" title="Category:Computer science articles without infoboxes">Computer science articles without infoboxes</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintain</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computing_2020%E2%80%93present" title="Timeline of computing 2020–present">Timeline of computing 2020–present</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li>Find pictures for the biographies of computer scientists (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_scientists" title="List of computer scientists">List of computer scientists</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computing_articles_needing_images" title="Category:Computing articles needing images">Computing articles needing images</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science_stubs" title="Category:Computer science stubs">Computer science stubs</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Unreferenced</a></i> :</b> <div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_science/Unreferenced_BLPs" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science/Unreferenced BLPs">WikiProject Computer science/Unreferenced BLPs</a></li></ul> </div></li><li><b><i>Project-related</i> :</b> <div> <ul><li>Tag all relevant articles in <a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_science" title="Category:Computer science">Category:Computer science</a> and sub-categories with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Computer_science" title="Template:WikiProject Computer science">WikiProject Computer science</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Internet" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Internet">Internet</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/75px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/100px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, 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If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Internet" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Internet">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Internet</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Internet</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Internet</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Internet articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_Internet_articles" title="Category:Top-importance Internet articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Internet/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Internet/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg/25px-Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg/38px-Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg/50px-Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_JavaScript" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-top">Top‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg/80px-Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg/120px-Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg/160px-Unofficial_JavaScript_logo_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_JavaScript" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject JavaScript">WikiProject JavaScript</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of articles related to <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, and to the development of user scripts for use on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_JavaScript" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject JavaScript">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">JavaScript</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject JavaScript</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject JavaScript</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">JavaScript articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_JavaScript_articles" title="Category:Top-importance JavaScript articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/Release_Version_Criteria#Importance_of_topic" title="Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Release Version Criteria">importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394742"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/33px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/51px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/67px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spoken_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia">Spoken Wikipedia</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sound-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/100px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/150px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/200px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is within the scope of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Spoken_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia">WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia</a></b>, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of articles that are <b><a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">spoken</a></b> on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Spoken_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia">the discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks.<span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Spoken Wikipedia</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Spoken Wikipedia articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="box-merged-from plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">The contents of the <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Server-side_JavaScript&redirect=no">Server-side JavaScript</a></b> page were <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> on 25 April 2012. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Server-side_JavaScript&action=history&date-range-to=2012-04-25">its history</a></span>; for the discussion at that location, see <a href="/wiki/Talk:Server-side_JavaScript" title="Talk:Server-side JavaScript">its talk page</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="box-merged-from plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">The contents of the <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Online_JavaScript_IDE&redirect=no">Online JavaScript IDE</a></b> page were <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> on 2 August 2015. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Online_JavaScript_IDE&action=history&date-range-to=2015-08-02">its history</a></span>; for the discussion at that location, see <a href="/wiki/Talk:Online_JavaScript_IDE" title="Talk:Online JavaScript IDE">its talk page</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="box-backwards-copy plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newspaper_Cover.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Newspaper_Cover.svg/50px-Newspaper_Cover.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Newspaper_Cover.svg/75px-Newspaper_Cover.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Newspaper_Cover.svg/100px-Newspaper_Cover.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="120"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is substantially duplicated by a piece in an external publication. Since the external publication copied Wikipedia rather than the reverse, please do not flag this article as a copyright violation of the following sources: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2">Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F., & McBrewster, J. (2010), <i>JavaScript: JavaScript syntax, client-side JavaScript, JavaScript engine, Ajax (programming), Web interoperability, web accessibility, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, ECMAScript, dynamic HTML</i>, Alphascript Publishing</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JavaScript%3A+JavaScript+syntax%2C+client-side+JavaScript%2C+JavaScript+engine%2C+Ajax+%28programming%29%2C+Web+interoperability%2C+web+accessibility%2C+cross-site+scripting%2C+cross-site+request+forgery%2C+ECMAScript%2C+dynamic+HTML&rft.pub=Alphascript+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Miller%2C+F.+P.%2C+Vandome%2C+A.+F.%2C+%26+McBrewster%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalk%3AJavaScript" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F., & McBrewster, J. (2009), <i>JSON: Computer programming, human-readable medium, data structure, associative array, Douglas Crockford, Internet media type, serialization, Ajax (programming), XML, JavaScript, Ecma International</i>, Alphascript</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JSON%3A+Computer+programming%2C+human-readable+medium%2C+data+structure%2C+associative+array%2C+Douglas+Crockford%2C+Internet+media+type%2C+serialization%2C+Ajax+%28programming%29%2C+XML%2C+JavaScript%2C+Ecma+International&rft.pub=Alphascript&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Miller%2C+F.+P.%2C+Vandome%2C+A.+F.%2C+%26+McBrewster%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATalk%3AJavaScript" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; background-color: #f8eaba;"><tbody><tr><th>Additional comments</th></tr><tr><td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0.25em 0.5em;">JavaScript: JavaScript syntax - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/721316846">721316846</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786130097844" title="Special:BookSources/9786130097844">9786130097844</a>.<br/>JSON: Computer programming - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/664131009">664131009</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786130264369" title="Special:BookSources/9786130264369">9786130264369</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"> <table id="archivebox" role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice mbox-small" style="text-align: center; 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